History of India, as Told by its own Historians: The Muhammadan Period - The History of India, Volume 8

GENERAL INDEX.

A'azzu-d dín, Prince, vii. 392, 393, 434,
436, 448, 546
'Abbásides, i. 443
Abdál of Tibet, vii. 62, 67
'Abdu-lla Khán, vi. 333, 386, 393, 395,
396, 408, 409, 413, 416, 419; vii. 21;
receives title “Fíroz Jang,” 22
'Abdu-llah Kutbu-l Mulk, vii. 286
'Abdu-llah (Saiyid, Kutbu-l Mulk) sup-
ports Farrukh Siyar, vii. 435, 437, 561;
honours and promotion to office of wazír,
442; difficulties as minister, 447, pass.;
his díwán Ratan Chand, 447, 461,
479, 486-7, 501, 506, 512, 519, 571;
neglects his duties, 461; takes possession
of the palace, 476; seizes the royal
property and ladies, 481; differences
with his brother, 481-4; marches
against Jai Singh, 483; raises Mu-
hammad Sháh to the throne, 485;
opposition to, 501; struggles after
Husain 'Alí's death, 507; puts Mu-
hammad Ibráhím on the throne, 509;
preparations for the struggle, 510;
defeated, 512; a prisoner, 515; death,
519, 573; character, 519
'Abdu-l 'Abbás as Saffáh, Khalíf, i. 443
'Abdu-l Majíd. See Ásaf Khán
'Abdu-l Malik, the Khalíf, i. 426
'Abdu-n Nabí, Shaikh, v. 520, 531, 542
'Abdu-r Rahim, Khán-Khánán, vi. 239.
See Mirza Khán
'Abdu-r Rashíd, Sultán, ii. 196, 257, 274,
511; iv. 202
'Abdu-r Razzák, embassy to India, iv.
95; arrives at Kálíkót, 98; journey
to Bíjanagar, 103; his reception, 112;
return, 123
'Abdu-r Razzák, Khwája, ii. 62, 512
'Abdu-r Razzák Lárí, vii. 327, 331 to
335, 351, 360
'Abdu-s Samad Diler Jang, vii. 456, 491,
511
'Abdu-s Samad Khán, viii. 148, 169, 267,
278, 279
Abhang Khán, vi. 93, 99, 100
Abú Bakr, Khalíf, i. 415
Abú Bakr made king, iv. 20, vi. 186; de-
feats his rival, iv. 21, 22, 23, vi. 186;
obliged to escape, iv. 24; death, 25
Abú Is'hák, iii. 23, iv. 159
Abú Ja'far al Mansúr, Khalíf, i. 444
Abú-l Abbás Isfaráíní, ii. 486, 488; iv. 148
Abú-l Faiz Faizí. See Faizí
Abú-l Fazl, arrival at Court, v. 511,
516, 522; his scepticism, 524, 529,
530, 543; memoir of, vi. 1; services,
96, 97, 98, 101, 138, 141, 142, 146, 154;
his murder, 154, 288, 442; vii. 6
Abú-l Hasan, Kutbu-l Mulk, of Haidar-
ábád, vii. 287, 315, 333
Abú-l Hasan Khwája, vi. 334, 379,
383, 386, 425, 427, 430, vii. 9, 11
Abú-l Kásim Sultán, i. 297
Abú-l Ma'álí, v. 60, 61, 65, 239, 248,
263, 264, 283, 285, 286, 287
Abú Nasr, ii. 62, 106, 190, 509
Abú Sa'íd Mirza, i. 303
Abú Suhal Zauzaní, ii. 61, 89, 509, 512
Abú Táhir Hasan Khwája, ii. 512
Abwábs introduced, iii. 238, 243
'Adalí (Mubáriz Khán), meaning of the
name, v. 45, 490; pretensions to the
throne, iv. 496, 500, 504; murders
Fíroz Sháh, v. 45, vi. 179; assumes
the crown, v. 45, vi. 180; his folly, v.
45; contest with Andrún or Andardún,
46, 53; defeats Táj Khán, iv. 506, vi.
199; resumption of jágírs, v. 109, 241;
severity to his nobles, v. 52; opposed
by Ibráhím Khán, v. 52, vi. 199; de-
feated and killed, iv. 508, v. 66, 245,
vi. 22
Ádam Khán Ghakkar, iv. 193, v. 11, 14,
234, 237, 279, 280
Ádam of Kashmír, vi. 307
Adham Khán opposes Bairám Khán, v.
261; sent to Hathkánt, vi. 23; sent
against Báz Bahádur, v. 270; keeps
spoils, 271, vi. 24; returns, v. 273;
murders Atka Khán, 277, vi. 26;
killed, v. 277
'Ádil Khán, of Bíjápúr, vii. 23. See
Bíjápúr 'Ádil Khán, son of Sher Sháh, iv. 478,
481
'Ádil-Khánís, vi. 95, 131, 344, 408, 411,
414, 416. See Bíjápúr
'Ádil Sháh, v. 45. See 'Adalí
Adína Beg, viii. 167, 169, 240, 265, 266,
267, 273, 278
Afzal Khán of Bihár, vi. 205, 321
Afzal Bíjápúrí, murder of, vii. 258
Afrásiyáb Khán, viii. 297
Aghánís, iii. 399, 480
Ágra, history of, iv. 450; taken by
Mahmúd, 522; the capital, 319, v.
103; besieged by Sikandar Lodí, v.
93; founded by Sikandar, 98; earth-
quake at, iv. 465; building of the fort,
v. 295; explosion at, 491; siege of by
the Saiyids, vii. 483; temple at, viii.
38
Ahdád Afghán defeated, vi. 343
Ahmad Ayyáz, iii. 254, 259, 264;
Khwája-i Jahán, sets up a son of Mu-
hammad Tughlik, 278; submits to
Firoz, 285; death, 286
Ahmad Chap, Malik, iii. 139, 150, 156;
blinded, 162
Ahmad Hasan, Khwája bin Hasan Mai-
mandí, ii. 61, 487, 495, 496, 499,
iv. 150, 167, 196
Ahmad Khán (Mansúr Khán), brother-
in-law of 'Adalí, rebels, v. 54; defeats
Ibráhím Súr, 56; assumes royal state
as Sultán Sikandar, 56; defeated by
Akbar, 58. See Sikandar Sultán.
Ahmad Khán Bangash, viii. 117, 118,
119, 121, 148, 279, 398, 407
Ahmad Khán Bárha, Saiyid, v. 352, 353
Ahmad Khán Bhattí, v. 5
Ahmad Khán Mewáttí, v. 74, 79, 85
Ahmad Niáltigín, ii. 58, 116, 122, 129,
131, 250
Ahmad Sháh Abdálí, first invasion, viii.
106; burns Sirhind, 107; battle with
at Sirhind, ib.; offers to treat, 108,
109; defeated, 109; retreats, 110.
Second invasion, 114; obtains cession
of Láhore, etc., 115; returns, ib.
Third invasion, 121; gains a victory
and retires, 122, 166. Fourth in-
vasion, 145; defeats Mahrattas on the
Indus, 146, 272, 274; enters Dehlí,
146, 241, 264; reviews his army, its
numbers, 398; plunders Mathurá, 147,
168; defeats Mahrattas at Pánípat,
150, 170, 279; attacks Suraj Mal Ját,
265; destroys Mathurá, 265-272, 276;
entrenches his camp, 401
Ahmad Sháh Báhmaní, vi. 232
Ahmad Sháh (Emperor), viii. 81; his
father's jealousy, 105; sent against
Ahmad Abdálí, 106; fights him, 107;
becomes king, 112, 174; character, 112;
a mere cipher, 113-116; poverty, 115,
174; deposed, 140-1, 323; blinded,
143, 323; attacked by Mahrattas, 322,
384
Ahmad Sultán of Gujarát, iv. 49, 85
Ahmadábád, described, vi. 358; taken
by Humáyún, v. 193; delivered over
to Akbar, 343; struggles for, 360;
besieged by Muzaffar Husain Mirza,
405; seized by Muzaffar, 431
Ahmadnagar, Akbar's embassy to, v 460;
obtained by Burhánu-l Mulk, vi. 87;
at war with Bíjápúr, 91; peace with,
ib. 94; operations against, 93, 95, 99;
taken by Akbar, 100, 144, 241, 247;
struggles for possession of, 241, 324,
380, 416, 434, 437
Aholias, viii. 258
Aibak, ii. 299
Aimáks, vi. 267, 273, viii. 146
Áín-i Jahángírí, vi. 326
'Áínu-l Mulk, iii. 246, 247, 248, 369, 619
Aitamúr, iii. 133, 134
Ajípal (Jaipál), ii. 518, 533
Ajít Singh, Rája, daughter married to
Farrukh Siyar, vii. 470-3, 483; sub-
mits and pays allegiance, 404, 420;
account of, 446; made a Mahárája,
469; joins Saiyid 'Abdu-llah, 470,
473, 476, 485, 517; rebels, viii. 44;
killed, ib.
Ajmír, conquered by Muhammad Ghorí,
ii. 214, 225
Akat Khán, attempts life of 'Aláu-d dín,
iii. 172
Akbar, birth of, i. 318, v. 214; re-
stored to his father, 222; retaken by
Kámrán, 224; exposed on walls of
Kábul, 226; again restored, 227; de-
feats Sikandar at Sirhind, 58, 238;
succeeds to the throne, 241, 247, vi.
180; marches against Hímú, v. 62;
defeat and death of Hímú, 65, 66,
253; accident with an elephant, 257;
takes government into his own hands,
264; forgives Bairám Khán, 268; and
takes charge of his son, 269; kills a
tiger, 272; punishment of Adham Khán,
277, vi. 26; conspiracy against, v.
284; shot at, 285; restores Muhammad
Hakím at Kábul, 294; marches
against Khán-zámán, 297; leads his
army against Muhammad Hakím, 313;
campaign against Khán-zámán, 319;
besieges and takes Chítor, 169, 324;
goes on foot to Ajmír, 328, 334, 335;
obtains Rantambhor, 175, 330, 332;
obtains Kalinjar, 333; hunts wild asses, 336; campaign in Gujarát, 339;
victory at Sarnál, 345, vi. 37; siege
and conquest of Surát, v. 346; another
campaign in Gujarát, 361; his rapid
ride, 362; victory, 366; provision
against damage in his marches, 371;
siege and conquest of Patna, iv. 512;
v. 374; pursues Dáúd, iv. 512; conquest
of Bengal, v. 381, 414, 428; revenue
arrangements, 383, 513, vi. 61; his
'Ibádat-khána, v. 390, 409, 517, 526,
vi. 59; provision for the pilgrimage,
v. 396; at Údípúr, 402; preaches as
Khalíf, 412; sends envoys to Má-
waráu-n nahr, 413; abolishes tolls and
customs, 413; assumes government of
Kábul, 449; attempts conquest of
Kashmír, 450; journey to Kashmír and
Kábul, 457, 462, 464; conquest of Sind,
i. 240, 297, v. 459, 461; inspects fort of
Surát, 501; his use of Alláhu Akbar,
523; heretical associates, 524; religious
difficulties, 526, vi. 189; Christian
missionaries, v. 528; worship of the
sun, 529; fire worship, 530; adopts
some Hindú customs, 531; his infalli-
bility, 531; experimental seclusion of
infants, 533; innovations, 534; his
“Divine Faith,” 536, vi. 153; houses
of charity, v. 538, vi. 111; illness, v. 541;
coinage, 541, vi. 65; his mints, 57;
encouragement of learning, v. 570;
his translations from Sanskrit, 570;
prisoners of war not slaves, vi. 25;
remits jizya and pilgrim tax, 29;
receives Christians at Surát, 40; takes a
census, 61; restrictions on widow burn-
ing, 68; defeated in Swát, v. 450, vi.
80; rebellion in Bengal, 78, 79, 106;
Europeans at his court, 85; conquest
of Orissa, 85, 88; dealings with Bur-
hánu-l Mulk, 70, 87; conquest of
Birar, 84; war in the Dakhin, 91, 92,
95, 105, 111, 113, 132; taking of
Ahmadnagar, 99; grief for Abú-l
Fazl, 155; wounded, 193, 203; throws
a servant from a tower, 164; death,
115, 168, 243, 247; reign, 242; ex-
tent of his dominions, 242; his
character, 180, 242, 248, 290; tomb,
319; portrait, 290
Akbar, Prince, son of Aurangzeb, vii.
196; sent against the Ráná, 299;
deserts, 301; abandoned, 304; flight,
308; with Sambhají, 309, 312; goes
to Persia, 312, 361; dies in Garmsír,
313, 384
Akbarsháhí rupees, v. 370
Akham Lohána of Brahmanábád, i. 145,
146, 147
'Ákibat Mahmúd Khan, viii. 141, 142,
322-3-4
Ák-Kúínlú, iv. 299; vi. 196
'Álam 'Alí, vii. 488, 490, 495, 497
'Álam Khán, son of Bahlol Lodí, v.
25, 27, 106
'Álamgír. See Aurangzeb
'Álamgir II. raised to the throne, viii.
140, 141, 142; desires to take Ghá-
zí'u-d dín prisoner, 239; incidents of
his reign, 168, 170; interview with
Ahmad Abdálí, 264, 265; murder of,
143, 170, 241, 268
'Aláu-d daula, iv. 206
'Aláu-d dín Ghorí, ii. 258, 286; attacks
and burns Ghazní, 286, iii. 36, iv. 208
'Aláu-d dín Khiljí, receives government
of Karra, iii. 140; of Oudh, 148; his
schemes, 140, 149, 179; murders
Sultán Jalál Fíroz, 155; march to
Dehlí, 158; scatters gold, 158;
shoots gold into Dehlí, 41; ascends
the throne, 41, 69, 155, 157, 160; his
conquests, 74, 543, 549, 166; con-
quests in Sind, i. 225; conquers
Deogír, iii. 40, 77; Kambay and
Somnát, 42, 549, 551; Chítor, 189,
549; Guzerat, 163, 548; Telingana
and Dur Samundar, 49, 78, 550; im-
prisons Mughal ambassadors, 51; his
buildings, 69; “the second Alexander,”
169; his vast projects, 168; attempt
to kill, 172, 600; revenue arrange-
ments, 179, 182; severe government,
182; his ignorance, 183; consults a
lawyer on government, 184; hard
pressed by Mughals, 166, 189; army
arrangements, 191; his “Regula-
tions,” 192, 598; battles with Mu-
ghals, 42, 47, 197-200; his sons, 204,
206, 209, 217, 600, 601; slaughters
“New Musulmáns,” 205; his decline,
207; passion for Malik Kafúr, 97,
555; death, 208, 552
'Aláu-d dín Mas'úd, Sultán, ii. 342, 365
'Aláu-d dín Sháh Báhmaní, vi. 233
'Aláu-d dín Sikandar, Sultán, iv. 28
'Aláu-d dín, Sultán, son of Muhammad,
iv. 86, v. 74, 75; vacates the throne, iv.
88, v. 78; death, iv. 88, v. 86
'Aláu-d dín, Sultán, rival of Ibráhím, v.
25, 27
'Aláu-d dín, Sultán, of Bengal, iv. 260,
261, 462
Albarí, ii. 320, 360
'Alí, the Khalíf, i. 116, 421
'Alí Arghún, Sultán, i. 308
'Alí Beg Gúrgán invades India, iii.
47, 72, 198, 548; taken into service, 48
'Alí Gauhar. See Sháh 'Álam Alí Jáh, vii. 566
Alí Khán Rája of Khandes, v. 403,
406, 408, 411, 441, 449, 460, vi. 84,
87, 89, 92, 131, 134, 136, 148, 241;
death, 95
'Alí Khesháwand, ii. 486, 508, iv.
193, 198
'Alí Mardán Khán surrenders Kan-
dahár, vii. 64; reception by Sháh
Jahán, 66; governor of Kashmír, 67;
governor of Panjáb, 67; his canal, 67;
in Balkh, 69, 70, 71, 81; death, 124
'Alí Mardán Khiljí, ii. 314, 315
'Alí bin Mas'úd, ii. 257, 274, iv. 202
'Alí Sher (Jám), i. 228
'Alí (Sultán), ii. 257, 274
'Alí Tabár, vii. 567
'Alim Khán, Bábar's general, iv. 241,
pass.
'Aliwardí Khán, viii. 128; death, 210, 324
'Alláfís, or 'Allánís, i. 156, 427, 428
Alláhábád, building of, v. 512; surren-
ders to Aurangzeb, vii. 237; siege of, 486
Almáns (predatory bands), vii. 77, 78
Almás Beg, brother of 'Aláu-d din, iii.
152, et seq.; made “Ulúgh Khán,”
157; subdues Multán, 161; Guzerat,
163; causes mutiny, 164; death, 179
Almshouses, v. 538, vi. 111
Alor, Muhammad Kásim at, i. 192; de-
struction of, 256
Alp Arslán, ii. 274, 277
Alp Ghází, iii. 539
Alp Khán, iii. 169, 208, 553, 554;
iv. 41, 60, 79
Alptigín, ii. 179, 267, 479; iii. 23; iv.
159; vi. 569
Altamsh (advanced guard), v. 387
Altúniya Malik, ii. 335, 337
Altúntásh, ii. 495, 497, 498; iv. 171, 175,
178, 195, 196
Amar Singh, Ráná, vi. 335; submits,
339; sends son to court, 341; death,
367
Amína Begam, viii. 428-9
Amír Anúk, ii. 181, 267
Amír Jadída, iii. 252; viii. 16
Amír Khán, Nawáb, viii. 131
Amír Khán, viii. 352, 439
Amír-i Sadah, iii. 252; viii. 16
Amír Zú-n Nún, i. 303
'Amrán, i. 450
Amráni, i. 258
Amrú bin Jamal, i. 444
Amrú Lais, ii. 172, 425
Ánand Pál, ii. 12, 27, 31, 249, 403, 426,
446, 450, 452; iv. 173; vi. 218
Ánangpál, iii. 565
Ancient History, Firishta's summary,
vi. 533
Ancient Persian Kings of India, vi. 548
Anrán tribe, i. 296
Anwar Khán, vii. 466
Anwáru-d dín Khán, viii. 391
Áppájí Gaikawár, viii. 400
Áppájí Mahratta, killed, viii. 208
'Arábas, iv. 251, 255, 268
Árab Bahádur, v. 415, 418, 453; vi. 47,
50
'Árabí Káhí, i. 319, 320
Arabs in Sind, i. 414, 434; trade with
India, 468; fall of their power, 479;
conquests, vi. 564
Árám Sháh, Sultán, ii. 301
Arangal, taken, iii. 233, 558; lost, 245
Arghúns, i. 303, 497
Ariyarúk (Hájib), ii. 61, 100
Arkalí Khán, defeats Malik Chhajú, iii.
138, 538; at Multán, 156, 159;
blinded, 41, 162
Armíl, king of Sind, i. 223
Armies, iii. 50, 115, 191, 197, 241, 289,
305, 321, 327, 329, 342, 346, 347, 349,
439, 498, 576; iv. 207, 248, 252, 415,
457, 459, 551; v. 28, 86, 205, 515;
vii. 99; viii. 50, 51, 53, 60, 147, 148,
170, 398, 400
Arslán Jázib, iv. 171, 172
Arslán, Sultán, ii. 199, 257, 483; iv. 207
Art, curious work of, vi. 192
Asad Beg, vi. 150, 155, 161-2; mission
to the Dakhin, 167
Asad Khán (Jamdatu-l Mulk, Nizámu-l
Mulk, Ásafu-d daula), vii. 363; at
siege of Jinjí, 348; supports Prince
A'zam, 384-7, 391, 396, 401; joins
Bahádur Sháh, his titles, 401; arrests
Jahándár Sháh, 440; interview with
Farrukh Siyar, 444; arrested, 445;
death, 460
Ásafu-d daula succeeds Shujá'u-d daula,
viii. 183, 369; plots against, 423;
meets Warren Hastings, 230; and the
Rohillas, 350
Ásaf Jáh. See Nizámu-l Mulk
Ásaf Khán, 'Abdu-l Majíd, raised to
the dignity by Akbar, v. 266; at Chu-
nár, v. 287; conquers Garha Katanka,
169, 288, vi. 30, 117; government of
Garha, v. 297; visits Akbar, 297, 298;
flight to Garha, 299; force sent
against him, 309; flight and capture,
310; pardoned, 310, 317, 324; gover-
nor of Chítor, 328; last mention of,
363, 365
Ásaf Khán, Ghiyásu-d dín receives the
title, v. 369; services, 397, 402, 404,
vi. 57 (died in 989 A.H.)
Ásaf Khán, Ja'far Beg, v. 467; vi. 97,
130, 143, 144 Ásaf Khán, Yamínu-d daula, brother
of Núr Jahán, services, vi. 318, 321,
384, 386; causes rebellion of Mahábat
Khán, 420; attempts to rescue Ja-
hángír, 424; takes refuge in Atak,
428; taken by Mahábat Khán, 428;
released, 431; his measures on death
of Jahángír, 435, vii. 5; campaign
against Bíjápúr, 28-31; becomes
Khán-khánán, 46; death, 68; wealth,
68
Ásám, account of, vii. 264; war against,
144, 265, 267
Asílu-d dín Mauláná, i. 235
'Ásí Ma'súm. See Ma'súm Kábulí
Asír, siege of, vi. 97, 135; description,
138
Ashmuks, the, i. 53
'Askarí, Mirza, v. 35, 144, 189, 196, 197,
203, 206, 215, 220, 221, 224, 229, 230,
231, 233, vi. 11, 15, 16; death, v. 234
Asphaltum, vi. 456
Assassins, sect of, ii. 485, 572, 573
Ástán Sháh, i. 201
'Atá Khán, viii. 149
Atká Khán (Shamsu-d dín Muhammad),
accompanies Humáyún in his flight, v.
211, 254, 255, 266; made Khán-i
a'zam, 273; high in office, 273;
murdered, 277
'Atr of roses, invention of, vi. 338
Áúng Khán, i. 498
Aurangzeb, birth, vii. 213; governor of
the Dakhin, 58, 60; proposes to with-
draw from the world, 69; governor of
Gujarát, 69; sent against Balkh, 71,
72, 76; disasters on return, 96; sent
to Kandahár, 88, 99; fails, 100; cam-
paign against Golkonda, 109; receives
Mír Jumla, 117; sent against Bíjápúr,
119, 124; takes Bidar, 124; takes
Kalyáni, 127; Dárá Shukoh intrigues
against him, 129; deserted by nobles,
130; makes peace with Bíjápúr, 130,
215; his charity, 156; character and
habits, 156; illness, 180, 266; pro-
hibits Hindú teaching and worship,
183; destroys Hindú temples, 184,
188; visits Údípúr and Chítor, 188;
imprisons his eldest son, 190; releases
his eldest son, 192; conduct during his
father's illness, 217; treatment of Mír
Jumla, 217, 232; defeats Rája Jas-
want, 219; defeats Dárá Shukoh, 220;
arrives at Ágra, 226; confines his
father, 226; pursues Dárá Shukoh,
228; imprisons Murád Bakhsh, 228;
ascends the throne, 229; defeats
Shujá', 233; proclaimed Emperor, 241;
alters the calendar, 241; remission of
taxes, 246, 293; abolishes pilgrim tax,
viii. 38; his correspondence with Sháh
Jahán, vii, 251; has Murád Bakhsh
killed, 266; war with Assám, 265, 267;
reception of Sivají, 276; forbids
writing of history, 282; his habits and
manners, 283; renews the jizya, 296,
viii. 38; deserted by his son Akbar,
vii. 301; proceeds to the Dakhin, 309;
makes war upon Kutbu-l Mulk, 315,
318; goes to siege of Bíjápúr, 322;
takes Golkonda. 324; tortures and
kills Sambhájí, 341; grants privileges
to English, viii. 380; seizes Englishmen
and orders war, vii. 350; army de-
stroyed by Mahrattas, 355; makes
war on Mahrattas, 363; besieges and
takes Sattara, 365; obtains fortresses
by bribery, 372; fails to conquer
Mahrattas, 374; overtures of peace
with Mahrattas, 376; refuses to con-
cede the chauth, viii. 465; his siege of
Wákinkera, vii. 377; illness, 382; dis-
misses his sons, 385; death and burial,
193, 384, 536, 565; his family, 195;
character, 385; post-mortem title, 402;
some letters of, 562
Auz Khiljí. See Hisámu-d dín
Ayand, king, i. 109
A'zam Humáyún, a title, v. 8
A'zam Humáyún, Ahmad Khán, iv. 462
A'zam Humáyún, Lodí, iv. 445, 456, v.
8, 10, 20, 90, 92, 105; murdered, 21
A'zam Humáyún Níází (Haibat Khán,
iv. 441), iv. 428, 431, 485, 486, 493,
496, v. 488; killed, iv. 497
A'zam Humáyún Sarwání (Haibat Khán)
iv. 257, 321, 348, 352, 369, 377, 395,
397, 399, 547; Khán-i 'azam, 415,
v. 405
A'zam Khán (Mirza 'Azíz Muhammad
Koka, Khán-i a'zam), v. 352, 353, 360,
364, 365; in disgrace, 393; restored
to favour, 419; in command in Bengal,
419, 426-8, vi. 66, 68; campaign in
Birár, v. 441, 442; in Guzerat, 447,
458, 459, vi. 87, 90, 205; at Ásír,
97, 143; recalled, v. 466; goes to
Mecca, 466; returns, vi. 130; patro-
nizes father of Abú-l Fazl, v. 517;
conduct at Akbar's death, vi. 169, 171;
sent against the Ráná by Jahángír,
337; imprisoned, 338
A'zam Khán (Irádat Khán), campaign
against Nizám Sháh, vii. 11; pursues
Khán Jahán Lodí, 12; takes Dhárúr,
20; attacks Parenda, 22; in cam-
paign against Bíjápúr, 28
A'zam Sháh, Prince Muhammad, makes
peace with Ráná, vii. 189; parentage
and character, 195; sent against the
Ráná, 299; campaign in Dakhin, 311;
sent against Bíjápúr, 321; at siege of
Golkonda, 326, 328, 332; sent against
Mahrattas, 337; illness, 358; jealous
of his elder brother, 358; at siege
of Sattára, 365; offends his father,
369; visits his dying father, 383; his
pretensions, 384; dismissed by his
father, 386; performs obsequies of his
father, 194; claims the throne, 387,
537; jealous of his son Bedár Bakht,
389; announces his accession, 391,
537; marches against Prince Muazzam,
391-4, 538; defeat and death, 396,
545; character, 537
'Azímu-sh Shán, Prince, vii. 384, 392,
393, 426, 428, 429, 438, 539, 541,
545, 546, 550; defeat and death, 430,
439; his sons, 567
'Azdu-d daula, v. 441, 443, 469, 540
'Azíz Muhammad Koka. See A'zam Khán

Bábá Khán Kákshál, v. 320, 345, 414,
416; death, 418, vi. 38, 66
Bábar, Bádsháh, at Kábul, i. 306; at-
tacks Kandahár, 307; his memoirs,
iv. 218; character, 219, 226; con-
vivial habits, 225; invited to India,
324, v. 23, 106; first invasion of
India, iv. 230; last invasion, i. 312,
iv. 239; his advance force defeated,
241; defeats Ibráhím, 254, 290, v 26;
at Dehlí, iv. 256; resistance to, 263;
army desires to return, 264; obtains
Gwálior, 266; forswears wine, 269,
226; cheers his men, 269; defeats
Ráná Sanka, 268; takes Chanderí,
274; fights with Bengal, 283, v. 34;
destroys the Mundáhirs, 41; his last
injunctions to Humáyún, 42; death, 43
Bábiniya, Jám of Sindh, i. 226; attacked
and defeated by Fíroz Sháh, 227,
iii. 322, iv. 12; submits, iii. 334; taken
to Dehlí, 336, 338
Bachgotí Rájpúts, iv. 457, v. 93
Badakhshán, v. 227, 249; vii. 70, 71,
77
Badan Singh Ját, viii. 360-1
Badíu-z Zamán, Mirza, i. 305
Baghrá Khán. See Bughrá Khán
Baglána, conquest of, vii. 65
Bahádur Gauriya, v. 429
Bahádur Khán, minister of Akbar, v. 260,
263, 273; rebels, 297, 301-5, 307, 309,
318, 319, vi. 24; taken and killed, v.
321
Bahádur Khán, officer of Aurangzeb, vii.
245
Bahádur Khán of Khándesh, vi. 133-146
Bahádur Náhir, iii. 449, 505, iv. 25,
27, 31, 33
Bahádur Nizámu-l Mulk, vi. 94, 100
Bahádur Sháh (Sháh Álam), accession,
vii. 387; march to Láhore and Dehlí,
393, 547; defeats his brother A'zam
Sháh, 396, 537; rewards his suppor-
ters, 401; his coins, 404; receives
submission of Jodhpúr and Údípúr,
404; proposals to Kám Bakhsh, 405;
defeats Kám Bakhsh, 407; character,
410, 550; his innovation in the khutba,
disturbances, 420, 427; war against
the Sikhs, 423, 456, 555; death, 428,
556, viii. 19; intrigues and quarrels
among his sons, vii. 429, 554; pro-
posed division of the Empire, 429
Bahádur, Sultán of Guzerat, takes Mándú,
iv 351; threatens Dehlí, 351; shelters
Mirza Muhammad Zámán, 351, v.
191; takes Chítor, 189, vi. 11, 13;
defeated and pursued by Humáyún, iv.
352, v. 191, vi. 13; recovers Champá-
nír and Guzerat, v. 197, vi. 15; death,
18
Báhar Deo, ii. 367, 370
Baháu-d daula, iv. 202
Baháu-d dín, his revolt, iii. 614
Baháu-d dín Tughril. See Tughril
Bahlol Lodí, Sultán, his extraction, v.
71; rise, 71; defeats King of Málwá,
iv. 85; aspires to the throne, 86; be-
comes king, 88, 335, v. 77; campaign
against the Ráná, 4; fails to take
Dehlí, 74; obtains Dehlí, 75, 77;
attacked by Jaunpúr, iv. 306, v. 2;
makes peace with Jaunpúr, 80; de-
feats Husain of Jaunpúr, 86, 87, 88;
takes Jaunpúr, 89; makes his son
Barbak king of Jaunpúr, 90; divides
his dominions, 90; death, iv. 444;
character, 436.
Bahlolís (coins), v. 115
Bahmaní kings, iv. 259, vii. 336, viii. 15;
recommended to Fíroz by Egyptian
Khalíf, vi. 226; succession of, 229;
their wars and slaughter of infidels,
230, 232. See Hasan Gángú
Bahrám Gúr, ii. 159, 161, 184; vi. 560
Bahrám Khán of Kashmír, vi. 307
Bahrám Mírza of Persia, v. 218
Bahrám Sháh Sultán, ii. 258, 279, 291;
iii. 36; iv. 207, 208
Báí, sister of Dáhir, i. 154, 172
Bairám Khán, Khán-khánán, memoir
of, v. 215; services to Húmayún, i.
319, iv. 384, 385, v. 218, 219, 233,
236, 237; at siege of Chámpanír,
194; at battle of Sirhind, iv. 62, v.
238; sent against Sikandar, 239; de-
feats Sikandar, 248; kills Tardi Beg
Khán, 61, 251; defeats Hímú, 65,
251; kills him, 253; suspicious of
Akbar, 256; conspires, vi. 23; marriage
to a relative of the Emperor, 256; in-
trigues against him, 261; fall, vi. 23;
leaves the Emperor, v. 263; and re-
signs, 264; pursued, 265; defeated,
266; submits, 267; forgiven, 268;
departs for Mecca, 268; murdered,
269; character, vi. 24
Baisinghar, Prince, vi. 436
Baisura caste, i. 16
Baitúz, iv. 160
Bajaur, Akbar's attack on, v. 450, vi. 80
Bajhrá, son of Chandar, i. 158, 160
Bájí Ráo besieges Jítgarh, viii. 48; his
inroad into Hindústán, 53, 261; re-
treats from Dehlí, 55; made governor
of Málwá, 57, 262; defeated, 66, 262;
death, 66, 263
Bájí Ráo, son of Raghunáth, succeeds as
Peshwa, viii. 369
Baksar, battle of, viii. 182
Bálághát, sold by Khán Jahán Lodí, vii. 7
Bálájí Bishwanáth, vii. 466, 468, 477;
viii. 260
Bálájí Ráo succeeds Bájí Ráo, viii. 263;
sends Bháo to Hindústán, 273; death
of, 283
Bálárukh, ii. 538, 543
Balban. See Ghiyásu-d dín
Balhará, the, i. 3, 13, 21, 22, 24, 76, 86,
87, 201, 354
Balkh, attacked by Humáyún, v. 230;
his retreat, 231; attacked by Sháh
Jahán, vii. 70, 71, 72, 76, 77
Bálotras, ii. 164, 167
Banána bin Hanzala, i. 164
Banjáras, first mention of, v. 100
Banjí Nahárán, ii. 282
Bárbak Sháh, of Jaunpúr, iv. 455, 456,
461, v. 90; abandons it, 93
Barbarans, the, i. 53
Barfí Rája, vii. 424
Barge, etymology of, i. 539
Bargiyán (Mahrattas), vi. 333, 343
Bárha Saiyids, v. 353, 364, 378; vi. 54,
170, 298; vii. 235, 394, 434, 437,
439, 470, 498, 500, 501, 502, 504, 510,
513, 546; massacre of, viii. 56
Barhtigín, ii. 9, 403, 410
Barkamárís, i. 110
Basya caste, i. 76
Bauüra, the king, i. 21, 22, 23
Bawárij, i. 65, 539
Bayána, attacked by Sikandar Lodí, iv.
455, v. 93
Báyazíd, son of Sulaimán Kirání, iv.
509, v. 372, vi. 36
Báyazíd Jám, v. 469
Báz Bahádur, iv. 534, v. 168, 244, 260,
270; a musician, 270; flees, 270; re-
covers Málwá, 275-6; submits, 276;
death, ib.
Bedár Bakht, Prince, son of Prince A'zam,
vii. 343, 364, 369, 371, 387-8-9, 396,
532, 536, 537, 540, 550; death, 398,
400, 546; his sons, 567
Bedár Bakht (son of Ahmad Sháh),
raised to the throne, viii. 245, 247
Beg-Lár, i. 289
Benares, taken by Ghaznivides, ii. 58,
122; by Kutbu-d dín, ii. 222, 250;
by Sher Sháh, iv. 368
Bengal, kings of, iv. 260, 381; conquest
of, v. 380, 381; war in, 399, 414, 429;
third conquest, vi. 66; disturbances
in, 98; war in, 326
Bení Bahádur, Rája, viii. 206, 219, 220,
276, 348, 408, 409
Be-nizám, term, how used, vii. 12
Betel, iv. 114
Bhadauriyas, viii. 53, 262
Bhagwán Dás, Rája (also called Bhag-
want), v. 273, 346, 361, 393, 402,
422, 441, 450, 452, vi. 38, 58; death,
v. 458
Bhagwant Khíchar, Rája, viii. 341
Bhagwant Singh, viii. 50
Bhaiá Púran Mal. See Púran Mal
Bhakkar, taken by the Sammas and
by 'Aláu-d dín, i. 225; occupied by
Kísú Khán, 240, 241; rulers of, 241
et pass.; taken by Mujáhid Ghází, 282;
attacked by Ísá Tarkhán, 324; taken
by Shamsu-d dín Altamsh, ii. 155, 304
Bháo (Sadásheo) with Mahratta army,
viii. 145; at Dehlí, 147, 170, 275;
reviews his army, 399, its numbers,
400; entrenches his camp, 401; pro-
poses terms to Ahmad Abdálí, 277,
278; death, 154, 171, 264, 266, 273,
279, 281
Bháo the Pretender, viii. 282, 284, 294
Bhárá of Kach, vi. 519, 527
Bhartpúr, siege of, viii. 352
Bhátia, capture of, ii. 28, 248, 439;
iii. 64
Bhatnír, siege and reduction of, iii. 420,
487
Bhattí, tribe, iii. 272, v. 37
Bhats, iii. 245
Bhíd, Ráí of Panna, v. 93
Bhíkhan Khán, Prince, v. 81, 101
Bhím, Bhímpál, ii. 12, 47, 403, 427,
451, 461, iv. 180
Bhím deo, Ráí of Nahrwala, ii. 294, 300,
469, 473
Bhím Rájá, son of Ráná, vi. 410, 413
Bhoj, son of Surjan Ráí, v. 345
Bhoj Chand, ii. 48
Bhopál, rise of the State, viii. 58
Bhoslah family, vii. 255, viii. 258, 264
Bhukiyál tribe (properly Bhúgiyál), v.
278, vi. 309
Bhúngar, i. 216
Bhúpat, son of Bihárí Mal, v. 345, 367
Bhut Sháh, i. 46
Bhutáwariyas, the, i. 46
Bíbí Rájí of Jaunpúr, v. 81 to 86
Bidágh Khán, v. 62, 274, 284, 296, 301,
304, 325, 330, 352; vi. 124
Bidar, taken by Aurangzeb, vii. 124;
history of, 126
Bihár, under a separate ruler, v. 22, 37;
Muhammad Sháh, King of, 105;
conquest by Mun'im Khán, vi. 39,
campaign of Muzaffar Khán in, 45
Bihár Jíú, Rája, v. 351
Bihárí Mal, Rájá, v. 273, 504, 506
Bíjanagar, territories of iv. 105; de-
scription of, 106; coins, 109; brothels,
111; police, 111; King, 112, 261;
his seraglio, 114; wars against the
Bahmanís, vi. 230, 232
Bíjápúr, embassy to, v. 460; at war
with Ahmadnagar, vi. 91; description
of, 163; Princess married to Prince
Dáníyal, 111, 152, 162, 208; proposes
peace to Jahángír, 334; attacked by
Malik 'Ambar, 414; siege of, vii.
28; army, 51; campaign against,
52, 54, 56, 95, 110, 131; peace, 57;
Aurangzeb sent against, 119, 124;
territories of, 256; troubles in, 257;
campaign against, 277; siege raised,
278, 281; war with, 293; war renewed,
321; surrenders, 323.
Bíjápúrís, vi. 95, 110, 111, 131
Bíjí Ráí, ii. 29
Bikramájít, son of Ráná Sanka, iv. 281
Bikramájít of Gwálior, iv. 257, 281, v.
98, 486
Bikramájít Bundela, vii. 19, 47; killed, 50
Bikramájít, Rája. See Ráí Ráyán
Bilkátigín, ii. 180, 181, 267, 479
Billál Deo, iii. 87, 203
Bína tribe, i. 292
Bir Singh, vi. 3; properly Nar Singh,
50 q.v.
Biráhas, iii. 245
Birár, conquest of, vi. 84, 241
Bírbal, Rája, v. 356, 507, 524, 529, 538;
death, 541, vi. 80, 84, 191
Biswás Ráo, fights Ahmad Abdálí, viii.
264, 273
Books found by Bábar, iv. 246; at
Nagarkot, vi. 227
Brahman caste, i. 16, 76
Brahman Pál, ii. 33, 427
Bráhmanábád taken, i. 122, 182; account
of, 183; settled by Muhammad Kásim,
184; destruction of, 256
Brahmín, history of, i. 105
Bridge, over the Indus, iii. 408, 482, iv.
93; over Chínáb and Jailám, iii. 413,
484, 522; over Ganges, iv. 279, vi. 20;
over Mahi, 363; method of making,
371; over Indus, viii. 80; over Ráví
and Chínáb, 94
British settlement at Bombay, vii. 351;
at Surát, viii. 202; take a ship of Au-
rangzeb's, vii. 350; obtain permission to
build factories, viii. 380, 390; trade,
390, 392; victory at Baksar, 182, 217;
besiege Alláhábád, 182; obtain Bengal,
182; victory over Háfiz Rahmat, 183,
422; over Siráju-d daula, 211; defeat
Kásim 'Alí and Sháh 'Álam, 215;
obtain Chunár, 220; form alliance
with Sháh 'Álam, 220; peace with
Sháh 'Álam and Shujá'u-d daula, 223,
407; character of, 223, 229; Com-
pany, 411; defeat Shujá'u-d daula
and the Mahrattas, 221; government
of Bengal, 228; at Púna, 295; defeat
Mahrattas, 308; defeat the Rohillas,
301; lose and recover Calcutta, 324-5;
wars with French, 327, 437; win
Plassy, 329, 426; defeat Rohillas,
351; sieges of Díg and Bhartpúr,
352, 367; arrangements with the
Sikhs, 353; make peace with Mah-
rattas, 353; rise and progress of their
power, 368, 437
Brocade manufactories, iii. 578
Brothels, iv. 111
Bú (Suhál, etc.). See Abú
Buddhas, carried to China from India,
i. 7
Buddhists in Sind, i. 136, 147, pass.,
190, 504
Budhímán, minister of Chach, i. 140
Budhites, i. 38
Búdhiya, Ránás of, i. 160
Bughrá Khán, son of Balban, iii. 38,
111; made governor of Bengal, 120;
loses throne, 124; becomes king of
Bengal as Násiru-d dín, 129; meets
his son Kai-kubád, 130, 524, 525
Búgyáls (Bhúgiyál), v. 278, vi. 309
Bulákí, Prince, vi. 438; raised to the
throne, vii. 6; imprisoned, viii. 19
Buland Ikbál, title of Dárá Shukoh, vii.
96
Buluchís, i. 217, 245, 286, 314, 336
Bundelas, vii. 61, 68
Búrák Hájib, ii. 398, 399, 401, 556
Burhánpúr, taken for Akbar, v. 275;
attacked by Sáhu, vii. 306; attacked
by Mahrattas, 422; besieged, viii. 30
Burhánu-l Mulk of Ahmadnagar, v. 429,
460; vi. 70, 87, 91
Burhánu-l Mulk of Oudh, removed from
Oudh and appointed to Málwá, viii.
46; returns to Oudh, 46; attacks
Cháchandí, 46; defeats Bhagwant
Singh, 52, 341; defeats Mahrattas, 54,
262; attacks Nádir Sháh, 61; taken
prisoner, 61, 62, 84; negociates with
Nádir Sháh, 23; his treachery, 63,
75, 421; poisons himself, 64, 174;
his property seized, 84; his mansab,
173; appointed to Oudh, 173; death
and character, 23, 343, 421
Bust, siege of, vii. 94, 102

Calcutta, taken by Siráju-d daula, viii.
324; recovered, 325; foundation of,
378; description, 381
Canals, Fíroz Sháh's, iii. 300, 433; iv.
8, 11; vi. 225; vii. 86; 'Alí Mar-
dan's, 67; Mahí-gír, iii. 408
Castes, i. 16, 17, 76, 183
Census, taken by Akbar, vi. 61
Chach, son of Siláíj, i. 140; chamberlain
ascends the throne, 140; campaigns
of, 140; marches to Kashmír, 144;
takes Multán and Siwistán, 143; fights
with Akham Lohána, 146; takes
Brahmanábád, 147; marches to Kir-
mán and Makrán, 151; and to Túrán,
152; dies, 152; history of, 292, 409
Chaghatáís, v. 130
Chaghtáí, Mughal, ii. 389, 390, 559
Chain of Justice, vi. 262, 284
Chákna, siege and surrender of, vii. 262
Chaks of Kashmír, vi. 307
Chálukyas, i. 358
Chámpanír taken by Humáyún, v. 194;
recovered by Sultán Bahádur, 199,
vi. 17; taken by the Mirzas, v. 331,
343; vi. 14, 16, 125
Champáran, Rája of, iv. 546
Champion, General, viii. 308
Chanar, i. 221
Chánd Bíbí, vi. 93, 99, 100, 144, 241
Chánd the bard, vi. 464
Chánd Ráí, ii. 47, 427, 461
Chandál Bhor, ii. 47, 458, 462
Chandar, succeeds Chach, i. 152; dies,
154
Chandar Sen, v. 382
Chánderí, siege of, iv. 261, 274, 395;
Rájá of, defeated by Bábar, v. 38;
possession of, 102
Chandernagore, viii. 383
Chánesar and Laila, i. 347
Changíz Khán, in Khurásán, ii. 324;
at Bukhárá, 387; pursues Jalálu-d
dín to the Indus, 303, 388, 391;
his coins, 484; Institutes of, vi. 287,
300
Changíz Khán of Gujarát, v. 290, 325;
murdered, 330, vi. 125
Charity, houses of, v. 538, vi. 111
Charnock, Job, viii. 378
Chatera, Malik of Pábiya, i. 141
Chatrsál, Rája, viii. 46, 48
Chattar Singh, Ráná of Gohad, viii. 289,
296
Chaudharí, viii. 314, 315
Chaukandi, v. 347, 503
Chaunsá, battle of, iv. 375; v. 113, 141,
203
Chaurágarh, capture of, v. 169, 288;
death of the Ráni, 169, 288, 309,
vi. 118; taken from Jajhar Bundela;
vii. 49
Cháús, v. 157
Chauth, vii. 362, 408, 409, 422, 450,
462, 465, 467, 527, 528, 530; viii. 260
Cháwáras, i. 267, 268
Chess, i. 409
Chhabíla Rám, vii. 435, 483, 486, 561
Chhajju, Malik, nephew of Balban, ii.
520, iii. 135; claims the throne and is
defeated, 135, 137-140, 536
Chhata Amrání, i. 258
Chín Kalích Khán. See Kalích Khán
China, embassy to, iii. 45
Chintáman, Brahman, v. 201
Chítor, taken by 'Aláu-d dín, iii. 76, 189,
549; Akbar's conquest of, v. 169, 324;
description of, 170, 325; besieged by
Sultán Bahádur, v. 190, vi. 11-13;
rebuilt by the Ráná, vii. 103; sur-
rendered and dismantled, 103, 104
Cholera, vi 346
Christian missionaries, v. 528
Christians at Surát, vi. 42. See Euro-
peans
Chronograms, viii. 441
Chronological Tables, iv. 304; viii. 31
Chunár, taken by Sher Sháh, iv. 343;
besieged by Húmáyún, 350; confirmed
to Sher Sháh, 351; taken by Humá-
yún, 359, v. 139; held by Jamál
Khán, 494
Chúráman Brahman, iv. 357
Chúráman Ját, vii. 511, 512, 514, 521,
532; viii. 360
Clive, Col. Lord, at Madras, viii. 325, 407;
retakes Calcutta, 325; wins battle of
Plassy, 328, 427, 440
Coins of Ghaznivides and Ghorians, ii.
478; in Sind, i. 287; depreciation,
ii. 188; Muhammad Tughlik's copper
coins, iii. 240; of Fíroz Sháh, 357;
tested, 359; values of, 582; dis-
coveries of, iv. 452; of Bíjanagar, 109;
of Gujarát, vi. 11; Akbar's, v. 541,
vi. 65; square, 57; Jahángir's, 287,
354, 357; of Aurangzeb, vii. 241; of
Bahádur Sháh, 404
Colligation in fighting, i. 537
Columns, stone, moved by Sultán Fíroz,
iii. 350; examined by Tímúr, 353
Comets, ii. 505; v. 407; vi. 363, 406
Company, East India, iii. 411
Cornwallis, Lord, viii. 370-1, 437, 440
Custom duties, iv. 96, 99, 421; vi. 354,
498
Customs of tribes in Sind, i. 269

Dábshilím, ii. 500; iv. 183
Dágh Brand, iv. 407, 411, 551; v. 414,
514
Dahiná Jádú, vii. 347, 359, 376, 380
Dáhir, King of Alor, i. 119, 154; at
Brahmanábád, 155; receives ambas-
sadors from Muhammad Kásim, 165;
kills a lion, 201; his battles and death,
121, 169, 170, 292; daughters of, at
Baghdád, 209, 210, 211
Dair Sál, i. 318
Dakhin, Akbar's invasion and conquest,
vi. 91, 95, 99, 131, 133, 240; states of,
131; Jahángír's wars in, 323, 332,
343, 376, 377, 411, 414, 432, 433;
description of and its divisions, vii. 58;
famine in, 24; Sháh Jahán's wars
with, 28, 35, 36, 51, 54, 55, pass.;
Aurangzeb's wars in, 254, pass.
Dalaka wa Malakí, ii. 348, 366
Dalu Ráí, i. 258
Danáík, iv. 108, 116, 122
Dániyál, Prince, birth of, v. 340; ser-
vices in the Dakhin, 467, 468, vi.
91, 99, 104, 110, 133, 240, 247;
marriage to Princess of Bíjápúr, 152,
162, 208; his habits of drinking, 107,
112, 114; death, 114
Dáráb Khán, vi. 386, 388, 389, 410,
412, 416, 417
Dárábars, ii. 230
Dárá Shukoh at Kábul, vii. 96; sent
against Kandahár, 101-2; honours be-
stowed on, 104, 128, 143, 214; inter-
feres in the government and against
his brothers, 128; in command against
Rája Jaswant, 131; acts as heir to
the crown, 178, 214; his heresy, 178,
214; his intrigues, 179; defeats Sháh
Shujá', 215; defeated by Aurangzeb,
218, 220; flight, 225, 227, 229, 230,
231, 236, 237; obtains Surát and
Kambay, 238; takes a position near
Ajmír, 239; defeated, 240; flight, 240,
242; death of his wife, 244; be-
trayed, 244; prisoner at Dehlí, 245;
condemned and executed, 246; his
jewels, 253
Dáríjas, i. 244
Darohar Ráí. i. 197, 199, 200
Dáru-l Khiláfat, iii. 589
Daryá Khán (reign of Jahángír), vi. 393,
409; with Khán Jahán Lodí, viii. 15;
killed, 19
Daryá Khán Lodí, v. 3, 79, 85
Daryá Khán Lohání, iv. 442, 454, v. 105
Daryá Khán Sarwání, iv. 463
Daryá Khán (of Sind), i. 234, 235, 236,
275, 276, 309
Dastam Kákshál, vi. 77, 79
Datta Patel, viii. 146
Datta Sindhia. See Sindhia
Dáúd, son of Sulaimán Kirání, becomes
king, iv. 510, v. 372; character, 373;
kills Lodí, iv. 511, v. 373; besieged
in Patna, iv. 512, v. 374; escapes,
iv. 512, v. 378; flies to Orissa, 382,
384, vi. 45; pursued and defeated, v.
384, 387, vi. 41; makes peace, iv. 513,
v. 388; attacks Tánda, 397; beheaded,
iv. 513, v. 400, 525, vi. 54
Dáúd Khán Paní, vii. 433, 446, 448,
466, viii. 260; defeat and death, 452
Dáúd Khán (reign of Bahádur Sháh),
dealings with Mahrattas, viii. 260
Dáúd Saljúki, ii. 274, 277
Daulatábád (Deogír) made the capital,
iii. 239, 614; forced immigration,
239, 244, 614; siege and conquest of,
vii. 36
Daulat Khán, iv. 40-44; aspires to
the throne, 44; submits to Khizr
Khán, 45
Daulat Khán, of Bíjápúr, vii. 23
Daulat Khán, patron of Sher Sháh, iv.
321
Daulat Khán Lohání, v. 110, vi. 199
Daulat Khán Lodí, v. 22, 469; invites
Bábar, 23, 106; written to by Bábar, iv.
234, 239, 240; waits upon Bábar, v.
25, 106; death, 25
Daulat Khán Ujíála, iv. 492, 495, 533
Dáwar-Bakhsh, Prince, vi. 419, 435,
436, 438
Debal, conquest of, i. 120
Debál, Rána, ii. 375
Degh (mortars), iv. 401, v. 132, 350
Dehlí, historical account of, viii. 10;
said to be taken by Mas'úd, ii. 531;
conquered by Muhammad Ghorí, 216;
invaded from Ajmír, 225; revolt at,
237; besieged by Turk rebels, 341;
attempt to surprise, 356, 377; bom-
barded with gold, iii. 41; 'Aláu-d dín's
buildings, 69; 'Aláu-d dín builds Sírí,
iii. 191, 200; beset by Mewáttís, 104;
attacked by Mughals, 166, 190; de-
populated by Muhammad Tughlik,
239, 613; return of emigrants, 244,
614; desolate, 244-5; decorations,
568; anarchy at, iv. 31; buildings
raised or repaired by Firoz, iii. 383;
attacked and taken by Tímúr, 430,
433, iv. 35; sacked by Tímúr, iii. 445,
503; described by Tímúr, 447, 504;
pestilence at, iv. 36; its territories
divided, ib.; described by Amír Khusrú,
iii. 524; by Shahábu-d dín, 575;
court of, 579; described by Ibn Batúta,
589, 612; Bábar at, iv. 256, 259; at-
tacked by Jaunpúr, 306, v. 78, 86,
87; Sher Sháh's buildings, iv. 419,
476; Islám Sháh's, 499; held by Yád-
gár Násir, 203; recovered by Humá-
yún, v. 239; massacre at, viii. 23, 64,
88; put to ransom by Nádir Sháh, 90;
attacked by Safdar Jang, 135; Ahmad
Abdálí at, 146; plunder of, 146, 147,
275; Old, iii. 446, 447, 503
Dehliwálís (coins), ii. 242
Denarius, i. 461
Deogír taken, iii. 40, 69, 77; rebels and
is reconquered, 200, 201, 214; named
Daulatábád and made the capital, 238,
614; revolt at, 257-8; lost, 261
Deopál Harnáma, v. 161
Deo Ráí, King of Bíjanagar, iv. 112, 121
Dewal Rání, iii. 545, 551, 552, 555
Dewar, ruler of Ma'bar, i. 69; iii. 32, 52
Dhalíla, conquered, i. 175
Dhankal Singh, succeeds Ajít Singh,
viii. 44, 340
Dhar Ráj, Ráí of Jesalmír, i. 293
Dharsiya, son of Chach, i. 154; dies,
155
Dhárúr taken, vii. 20
Diamonds, iv. 257, vii. 84; mines, vi.
344
Díb Yáwaghúí, iii. 21
Díg, taken by English, viii. 352, 370
Diláwar Khán, son of Daulat Khán,
v. 23, 29, 30
Diláwar Khán, officer of Jahángír, vi.
295-7
Dilazáks, vi. 312
Diler Jang. See 'Abdu-s Samad
Diler Khán, vii. 268, 272, 274, 277, 279,
287
Dinár, i. 461, viii. 31
Dín-panáh, v. 124, viii. 11
Dirham, i. 461, viii. 31
Dismounting for combat, i. 535
Distances in Hindústán, vii. 162
“Divine Faith,” v. 536, vi. 3, 153
Diwáíj, King of Sind, i. 140
Do-aspahs, iii. 192, 625
Dogs, provision respecting, i. 449
Drake, Mr., viii. 324-5
Drachma, i. 461
Drinking, habit of, ii. 108, 139, 141,
145, 181, 186; iii. 102, 126, 127, 171,
180, 217, 287, 306; iv. 225; vi. 260,
285, 341, 357, 361, 499
Dúa Chaghatáí, iii. 42
Dúda, i. 216
Dúdá II., i. 217
Duhar, defeated, i. 124
Dulabh Rám, Rája, viii. 328, 426, 428
Dúl Chain (Chand) of Bhatnír, iii. 422,
488
Durárí tribe, ii. 413
Durga Dás, vii. 187, 301, 304, 404
Durgávati, Rání of Garha, v. 169, 244,
288; vi. 31, 118
Dúr Samundar, conquered, iii. 49, 87, 203

Earthquakes, iv. 465; v. 99; vii. 183,
496
Egypt, Sultán of, sends fleet to India,
viii. 387
Elephants, i. 25; ii. 25, 40, 142, 251,
454; iii. 89, 91, 103, 150, 203, 204,
219, 234, 295, 305, 309, 313, 316,
433, 437, 439, 441, 444, 498, 499, 502,
576, 618; iv. 105, 109, 178, 252, 397,
424, 551; v. 28, 86, 87, 252, 288, 289,
291, 294, 306, 379, 394, 403, 466;
vi. 53, 59, 121; 232, 330, 463; viii. 60
Ellora, Caves of, vii. 189
English, first use of the word Angrez,
vi. 340; defeat Portuguese, 340. See
British
Europeans, gunners, iv. 268; sack and
burn Thatta, i. 276; at Surat, v. 347;
grant passes for ships to Mecca, 402,
520; at court of Akbar, vi. 42, 57, 59, 85;
capture ships, 337; European carriage,
347; destruction of at Húglí, vii. 31,
42, 211; in Malabar, viii. 385; settle-
ments of various nations of, 127

Faizí, Shaikh, v. 155, 537, 544, 570,
vi. 239, 240; embassy to the Dakhin;
v. 460, 467, vi. 88, 147; death, 131, 203
Faizu-llah Khán Rohilla, viii. 302, 312
Fakhru-d dín, Sultán of Sunár-gánw,
iii. 303
Fanjab, the, i. 86
Famines, i. 280, 281; iii. 146, 238, 244,
245, 246, 612, 619; v. 490; vi. 21, 94,
187, 193; vii. 24, 263, 328, 566; viii.
36, 228, 230
Farhat Khán, vi. 46, 48
Faríd Khán. See Sher Sháh
Faríd Bukhárí, Shaikh, afterwards Mur-
tazá Khán, v. 429, 452; vi. 66, 69,
97, 116, 125, 135, 160, 182, 193, 265,
267, 270, 295, 301
Farídún, uncle of Mirza Hakím, v.
421-3-5, 448, 450
Farmulis, iv. 352, 444, 459, 547
Farrukh Siyar, deputy of his father in
Bengal, vii. 438; claims the crown,
434, 439, 560; army sent against, 434;
victory, 435; defeats Jahándár, 437,
561; appoints his ministers, 442;
character, 442, 471; his murders and
other punishments, 443; epoch of his
reign, 446; his rival princes blinded,
448; difficulties with the Saiyids, 450;
deposed, 477; murdered, 480
Farrukh-zád, Sultán, ii. 275, 483; iv.
203, 204
Fárs, army of, invades Sind, i. 139, 140
Fárúkís, vi. 137
Fath Jang. See Nizámu-l Mulk
Fath Khán, Jám, i. 229
Fath Khán, son of Fíroz, death, iv. 12,
vi. 228
Fath Khán, son of Malik 'Ambar,
murders Nizám Sháh, vii. 27; 36, 39, 43
Fath Malika, iv. 352, et seq.
Fathpúr Síkrí, foundation of, v. 332, 334
Fathu-llah Khán, vii. 368, 370, 371, 392
Fathu-llah Shírází, v. 441, 469; vi. 84.
See 'Azdu-d daula
Fázil Kokaltásh, Mír, i. 309, 311
Fidáí Khán, vi. 418, 420, 425, 427
Firdaus-árámgáh, title of Muhammad
Sháh, viii. 112
Firdaus-makání, title of Sháh Jahán,
vii. 213
Firdúsí, iv. 189
Fire-temples, v. 530
Fire-worship, ii. 163, v. 530; in Upper
India, 559
Firingis. See Europeans
Fíroz, Jám, i. 234, 276, 309, 310, 312,
313; v. 193
Fíroz Jang. See Gházíu-d dín
Fíroz Sháh, Sultán, birth, iii. 271,
273, 266; education, 274; offices, 274;
accession, i. 226, iii. 266, 275, vi.
221; rivals, iii. 276, 278; fights
Mughals, 278, vi. 223; march to
Dehlí, iii. 281, 287; plot to kill, 290,
iv. 9; his khutba, iii. 292; edicts,
293; expedition to Lakhnautí, 293,
vi. 225, 376; returns to Dehlí, iii.
297; builds Fírozábád, 302, vi. 225;
second expedition to Lakhnautí, iii.
305, iv. 9; caught tippling iii. 306;
founds Jaunpúr, 307; makes peace
with Bengal, 309; marches to Jájna-
gar, 312, iv. 10; elephant hunting,
iii. 314; lost, 315; his buildings,
317, 354, 382, iv. 7; takes Nagarkot,
iii. 317, vi. 226; expedition to Thatta,
iii. 319, iv. 12; retreats to Gujarát,
iii. 323, iv. 12; in the Ran of Kach,
iii. 324; returns to Thatta, 329; which
surrenders, 334; encourages slavery,
340; invested by Khalífa of Egypt,
342, 387, vi. 225; his court, iii. 343;
his happy reign, 317, 344; taste for
gardens, 345; moves stone columns,
350; palaces of, 354; provides employ-
ment, 355; establishments, 356; coins,
357; hospitals, etc., 361, 385; his
tonsure, 362; abolishes cesses, 363;
burns a Brahman, 365; his “Victories,”
374; abolishes torture, 375; treat-
ment of heretics and infidels, 377;
prohibits use of gold and ornaments,
363, 382; panegyric of, 536; his
khutba read at Ghazní, 566; age and
infirmity, iv. 14; power in the hands
of Khán Jahán, 15; death of his son,
12, vi. 228; abdicates iv. 16; resumes
government, 17; death, 18; character,
18; his public works, 18; his canal,
iii. 300, 433, iv. 8, 11, vi. 225, vii.
86; his láth, iii. 350, viii. 11
Fíroz Sháh, son of Islám Sháh, succeeds
Islám Sháh, v. 43, vi. 180; killed by
'Adalí, v. 45
Flood at Ghazní, ii. 114
“Foreign amírs,” iii. 252-3-7-9, 260
Fortune-telling, i. 331
French, viii. 383, 391, 392, 437
Fruits, vi. 348, 371
Fúfí, son of Dáhir, i. 166, 178, 192-5
Fúlád Ghorí Shansabí, ii. 282
Fúr, King of Hind, ii. 157; vi. 475, 557;
viii. 420

Gabrs, iii. 71, 76, 78, 83, 427, 431, 446,
450, 456, 462, 466, 471, 491, 494, 506,
507, 549, 551; v. 562
Gajpati, Rájá, v. 377, 399, 418, 419;
vi. 41, 55
Gakkars, Gakkhurs,
ii. 233, 297, 322, 347, 444,
447, 563; iii. 70; iv. 234,
389, 390, 415, 419, 493, 496, 551;
v. 37, 114, 147, 163-166, 278, 489;
vi. 219, 307, 309, 310, 370, 555, 568
Gakkhar country described, v. 278;
conquered, 279
Gardens of Fíroz Sháh, iii. 345
Gárdís, viii. 155, 221, 400
Gargaj, iii. 82, 146, 165, 174
Garha-katanka, conquest of, v. 169, 288,
309; vi. 30, 118
Garhí, v. 200, 381; vi. 67
Garshásp, Prince, vi. 438
Gaur, taken by Sher Sháh, iv. 360
Ghakars. See Gakkars.
Ghaní Khán, son of Mun'im Khán,
v. 280
Ghasítí Begam, viii. 428-9
Gházán Khán, iii. 1, 5; sends embassy
to China, 45
Ghází Khán, iv. 240, 241, 244, 245;
his library, 246
Ghází Malik (Tughlik Sháh), his origin,
iii. 271; barrier to the Mughals, i. 341,
iii. 199; at Deobálpúr, 224; marches
against Khusrú and kills him, 226;
becomes King as Ghiyásu-d dín, 228,
Gházíu-d din Khán, Fíroz Jang, vii. 190,
322, 323, 327, 331, 335, 337, 343, 359,
379, 421, 507; death, 426; character,
553
Gházíu-d dín Khán, Nizámu-l Mulk, vii.
522, 525, viii. 317
Gházíu-d dín, Imádu-l Mulk, made Nizám
and Amíru-l umará, viii. 121, 135;
318; defends Dehlí against Safdar
Jang, 136, 320; attacks Suraj
Mal Ját, 384; deposes Ahmad Sháh,
140; made wazír, 141, 323, 384; pro-
cures murder of 'Ákibat Khán,
142; blinds Emperor Ahmad, 143,
323; raises 'Álamgír to the throne,
323; mutiny against, 238; Emperor
wishes to make him prisoner, 239;
seizes widow of Mu'ínu-l Mulk, 240;
transactions with Ahmad Abdálí, 241;
with Suraj Mal Ját, 363; marries
daughter of Mu'ínu-l Mulk, 168;
quarrels with Najíbu-d daula, 168,
169, 266; leagues with Mahrattas, 169,
170, 266, 268; orders death of 'Álam-
gír, 170, 242; with Shujá'u-d daula,
221, 278
Ghází Mahdís, iv. 502
Ghazní surrenders to Alptigín, ii. 178,
iv. 159; flood at, ii. 114; taken and
lost again by Ghorians, 280, 291;
burnt, 288; taken by Ogtai, 568, 569;
plundered and destroyed, iv. 211
Ghaznivides, ii. 255, 266; end of, 281,
iii. 37, iv. 212; coins of, ii. 478
Ghiyás Beg, I'timádu-d daula, father of
Núr Jahán, vi. 382, 397, 402, 403, 404
Ghiyásu-d dín Balban, Sultán (Ulugh
Khán), iii. 38, 97, 546, 593; kills his
sovereign, 593
Ghiyásu-d dín Ghorí, ii. 258, 292, 297;
iii. 37; iv. 211
Ghiyásu-d dín, Sultán of Lakhnautí, ii.
317
Ghiyásu-d dín, Sultán of Mándú, iv.
554; vi. 349
Ghiyásu-d dín Tughlik, Sultán, ascends
the throne, i. 341, iii. 228, 606, vi. 185;
marches against Lakhnautí, iii. 234,
609; death, 235, 610
Ghor, conquered by Mas'úd, ii. 195
Ghorí dynasty, ii. 258, 282, iv. 145;
coins of, ii. 478
Ghulám Kádir, confined, viii. 303; his
atrocious conduct to royal family, 244;
death, 253
Ghuzz (Turks), ii. 250, 280, 293; iii. 65
Giridhar, Rája of Alláhábád, vii. 486, 516
Giridhar, Rája of Málwá, viii. 48, 261
Gobind Pandit, viii. 149, 269, 280
Gobind Ráí of Dehlí, ii. 295, 297
Gobri, v. 569
Gold, its absorption, iii. 583
Golkonda, embassy to, v. 460; far-
mán to, vii. 51, 53; territory, 108;
Aurangzeb's campaign against, 109;
sues for peace, 115; princess mar-
ried to Aurangzeb's son, 119; siege
and conquest, 323; history of, 336;
Sivají's connexion with, 286
Gonds, vi. 30, vii. 50
Gopiká Báí, viii. 287
Grain, prices of, iii. 146, 192, 244, 344,
583, 612, 619, iv. 476
Grassias, v. 439, 446-7
Greek fire, vi. 460
Gubree language, v. 568
Gújars, iv. 231, 234, 236, 240, 476,
vi. 303
Gújar Khán, minister of Dáúd, iv. 511,
512; v. 378, 386; vi. 39
Gujarát, Guzerat,
description of, i. 67; revolts
in, iii. 214, 256, 259, 262;
Fíroz Sháh retreats to, 323; how
governed, 326; revenues of, 328, iv.
12; held by Zafar Khán, 37; at
Bábar's invasion, 259; kings of, 305;
Akbar's campaigns in, v. 339, 361,
vi. 37; Jahángír's visit, vi. 353; Kings
of, 236
Gulbadan Begam, v. 391
Gulrukh Begam, v. 348, 404
Guns, iv. 255, 268, 274, 279, 280, 284;
v. 131, 252, 350, 501; vi. 90, 139,
455; vii. 101; viii. 74, 83, 400
Gunpowder, early use in India, vi. 455
Gurpál, Ráí, ii. 168
Gurshásp Sháh, ii. 310
Gursiya, i. 204
Guru Gobind, vii. 566
Gwálior, besieged by Mahmúd, ii. 467;
taken by Muhammad Ghorí, 227; sur-
rendered to Kutbu-d dín, 305; taken
by Altamsh, 327; Bábar's descrip-
tion, iv. 281; surrendered to Sher
Sháh, 385; 391, 466; besieged, v. 20,
167; surrendered by Suhail, 259, 493;
taken by Sultán Ibráhím, v. 486

Habshís, v. 353. See Sídís
Háfiz Rahmat Khán, viii. 146, 148, 221,
269, 270, 279, 303-312, 398, 410, 422
Haibat Khán Gurg-andáz, v. 8, 33, 89
Haidarábád, conquest of, vii. 111, 315,
318, 323
Haidar ('Alí) Náik, viii. 288, 437
Haidar Doghlat, Mirza, iv. 496, 497,
498; v. 127, 131, 204
Haidar Kulí Khán, vii. 483, 501, 504-7,
511-12-13-14-15-16-17-18, 520, 522,
527, 531, 572
Hahaj, King of Kandahár, i. 22
Hájí Khán of Kashmír, vi. 307
Hájí Khán (Akbar's reign), vi. 21
Hájí Maula, revolt of, iii. 175
Hajjáj, i. 118, pass.; death, 123, 157;
163, 171, 173, 180, 185, 186, 188, 189,
429, 430, 431, 437; v. 159
Hakím Abú-l Fath, vi. 80
Hál, King of Hindústán, i. 106, 109
Hamdís, ii. 283
Hámid Khán Habshí, vi. 433
Hámid Khán (uncle of Nizámu-l Mulk),
vii. 523, 527, 528, 529, 554
Hamír Deo, iii. 171, 179
Hamíra, the title, ii. 8, 428
Hámún, i. 216
Ham-zabán of Surat, v. 349
Hardás Ráí, vi. 287
Hardat, ii. 42, 460
Hardwár, destruction of pilgrims at, viii.
230
Harpál Deo of Deogír, iii. 215, 564
Hárunu-r Rashíd, i. 445
Hasan Gángú, iii. 258; becomes king,
261, 328, 339; viii. 15
Hasan, the Khalíf, i. 421
Hasan Khán Mewáttí, v. 35; defeated
and killed, 36, 37
Hasan Maimandí, ii. 189, 504, 509, 519,
520
Hasan Mirza, Sháh, i. 308
Hasan Sabáh, first of the Assassins, ii.
485, 490, 492, 573
Hasan Saiyid, revolts in Ma'bar, iii. 243
Hashám, the Khalíf, i. 441
Hashám, in Sind, i. 444
Hasnak, ii. 88, 497, 499; iv. 151
Hastings, Warren, arrival, viii. 229; at
Benares, 229; his recall, 230; fights
a duel, 231
Hauz-i Kháss described, iii. 441, 500,
501
Hazar-dínárí. See Malik Káfúr
Hazára tribes, i. 239, 303
Heads, pyramids and towers of, iii. 48,
74, 197, 198, 297, 405, 504; iv. 227,
272, 277; v. 5, 368
Hellenes, i. 379
Heretics, how dealt with, iii. 377, 426
Hijází language, i. 133
Himmat Khán, Aurangzeb's general, vii.
356
Hímú, defeats Kiránís, iv. 506, v. 243,
vi. 199; title of Rája Bikramájít, ib.
v. 252; defeats Ibráhím Súr Sultán,
iv. 507, v. 243-245; besieges Ba-
yána, iv. 507, v. 244, 490; origin, 48,
241, vi. 199; defeats Junaid, v. 48;
defeats the Mughals, 58; marches to
Dehlí, 60, 245, 250; defeats the Mu-
ghals there, 61; occupies Dehlí, 63,
250; defeated, 65, 262; killed by
Akbar, 66, 482; by Bairám Khán,
252; destruction of his family, vi. 21
Hind, Hindústán,
praise and description of,
iii. 28, 562, 574; viii. 3;
extent of, iii. 31, v. 186; language of,
iii. 556, 562; Bábar's account of, iv.
220; revenues of, see Revenues
Hindál Mirza, v. 36, 37, 38, 40, 144,
188, 190, vi. 17; rises against Humá-
yún, v. 201, 202, 203; flight, 205,
206, 207, 220, 222-228, 229, 230, 231,
232; killed, 234
Hindí, Hindúí,
language, iii. 556, 562, iv.
535, v. 571; translations
from, viii. 207; books at Nagarkot,
vi. 227
Hindú history, Firishta's summary, vi.
532; kings, lists of, viii. 207, 208
Hindús, classes of, i. 16, 76, 88; in ser-
vice of Ghazní, ii. 32, 59, 125, 127,
130, 142, 448
Hindú Beg, vi. 15
Híraj of Ajmír, ii. 219, 225
Hisámu-d dín Auz Khiljí, ii. 315, 317
Holkar, Jaswant Ráo, at siege of Bhart-
púr, viii. 352, 367, 369, 370; peace
made with British, 353, 371
Holkar, Malhar Ráo, attacks Málwá, viii.
261; besieges Sámbhar, 51; attacks
Jaipúr, 51, 117; in league against
Suraj Mal Ját, 384; attacks the Ro-
hillas, 118; joins Gházíu-d dín, 266,
321; plunders the Emperor Ahmad at
Sikandra, 142, 322, 384; marches
with Raghunáth Ráo towards Dehlí,
266; joins the Bháo's army, 273;
strength of his force, 400; with Adína
Beg, 169; plunders the Rohillas, 272;
routed by Abdálís, 272, 274; in the
advance against Ahmad Sháh, 146;
flight from Pánípat, 154, 171; in
league with Jawáhir Singh Ját, 364;
captures the impostor Bháo, 385
Holkar, Túkají, transactions with the
Rohillas, viii. 305; defeated, 308
Horses, import trade, i. 69, iii. 33
Horses and horsemen, iii. 107, 168, 197,
625
Hoshang, Prince, vi. 430, 437, 438
Hoshang, Sultán of Mándú, iv. 552, vi.
349
Hospitals, iii. 361, vi. 385, 286
Húglí, taken from Europeans, vii. 31, 211
Hulákú Mughal, ii. 358, 381, 384, 574;
iii. 38, 46, 102, 103
Humáyún (Emperor), his first services,
iv. 249, 253, 256, 266, 274; his
father's last injunctions, 42; acces-
sion, v. 118, 188; behaviour to his
brothers, ib.; state arrangements, 119;
obtains Kálinjar, vi. 9; campaign in
Gujarát, v. 180, vi. 12; defeats and pur-
sues Sultán Bahádur, v. 191; takes
Mándú, 192; and Ahmadábád, 193;
and Champánír, 194; defeats Sultán
Mahmúd, iv. 349, v. 189; besieges Chu-
nár, iv. 350, 357, v. 199; takes Garhí,
201; action against Sher Sháh, iv. 356;
takes Chunár, 359, v. 138; makes
terms with Sher Sháh, iv. 362; invades
Bengal, 363, v. 200, vi. 11, 19; oc-
cupies Gaur, iv. 368, v. 112, 141; re-
tires from Bengal, iv. 369; defeated at
Garhí, v. 110; defeated by Sher Sháh
at Chaunsá, iv. 375, v. 113, 141, 202-3;
rescued from drowning at Chaunsá,
113, 143, 205; his queen made pri-
soner, iv. 375, v. 113; bridge over the
Ganges, vi. 20; defeated at Kanauj,
iv. 380, v. 130, 143, 205; deserted
by Kámrán, 130, 204; flight of, i.
316, iv. 383, 387, v. 205; at Lahari,
i. 316; marries Maryam Makání, v.
207; marches against Tatta, 208;
besieges Sihwán, i. 317, v. 208; re-
tires to Joudhpúr, i. 317, v. 211; to
'Umarkot, i. 318, v. 212, 218; at Jún,
i. 318, v. 214; birth of Akbar, v. 214;
goes to Kandahár, i. 318; proceeds to-
wards 'Irák, v. 217; at Hirát, 218; at
Kandahár and Kábul, iv. 217; meets
Sháh of Persia, v. 218; at Kandahár,
219, 222; obtains Kábul, 222; loses
it, 224; recovers it, 226; at battle
of Kipchák, 145; defeats and for-
gives Kámrán, 229; attacks Balkh,
v. 230; retreats, 231; loses and re-
covers Kábul, 232, 233; crosses the
Indus. iv. 498, v. 234; blinds
Kámrán, 147, 235; retires to Kábul,
iv. 499 v. 234; marches again to
India, 236; reaches Láhore, 237;
defeats forces of Sikandar, 237; re-
gains Dehlí, v. 239; death, 239; cha-
racter, 240; called after death Jannat
Áshyání, 187
Humáyún Sháh Bahmaní, vi. 234
Hurmat Khán Rohilla, viii. 347
Husain 'Alí, Saiyid, fights for 'Azam
Sháh, vii. 546; supports Farrukh
Siyar, 435, 439, 561; severely wounded,
440; created Amíru-l umará, 442;
exaltation of, 571; marches against
Ajít Singh, 446; claims the subadárí
of the Dakhin, 448-9; threatens
Farrukh Siyar, 449; in the Dakhin,
451; secret orders for opposing him,
452, 464, 476; defeats Dáúd Khán
Paní, 452; proceedings in the Dakhin,
461; struggles with the Mahrattas,
462, 466; makes a peace which the
Emperor rejects, 468-9; Emperor's
opposition, viii. 260; marches to Court,
vii. 471, 474, 476; deposes Farrukh
Siyar, 476; differences with his brother,
481, 487; besieges Ágra, 483; appro-
priates all the treasures of Ágra, 484;
besieges Alláhábád, 486; quarrels with
with Nizámu-l Mulk, 489, 492; his
armies defeated, 496, 497; proceeds to
the Dakhin, 500; murdered, 501, 572;
character, 481, 519
Husain Arghún, Sháh, treatment of
Humáyún, v. 206, 208; compels him
to retreat, 209-215
Husain Farmuli, Míán, iv. 546
Husain bi-l Karár, Sultán, i. 304
Husain Khán Afghán, vii. 491
Husain Khán Tukriya, v. 468, 496, 503
Husain Kulí Khán Turkomán, v. 355-6;
created Khán-Jahán, 362; governor
of Panjáb, 362; governor of Bengal,
395; besieges Nagarkot, 507; pur-
sues Mirza Ibráhím, 507; cam-
paign in Bengal, 397, 399; defeats
Dáúd and beheads him, 400, 525;
death, 410, vi. 54
Husain Langáh, Sultán, i. 233, 315
Husain Nizám Sháh raised to the throne,
vii. 27; taken and imprisoned, 43
Husain Sultán of Jaunpúr, v. 83, 86;
attacks Dehlí, 87; defeated by Bahlol,
88, 89
Husain Sultán of Multán, v. 472
Húshang, iv. 60

'Ibádat-khána, Akbar's, v. 390, 409, 517, vi. 59
Ibn Batúta at Dehlí, iii. 585; his history
of India, 590; ambassador to China,
620
Ibráhím Husain Mirza, v. 315, 330, 331,
343, 344, 351, 354, 358, 503, 505,
509; vi. 38, 123, 125
Ibráhím Khán (Akbar's reign), v. 295,
302, 305
Ibráhím Khán (Jahángír's reign), vi.
344, 390, 408, 409, 410
Ibráhím Khán Gárdí, viii. 155, 264, 273,
275, 279, 400; death, 281
Ibráhím Khán Súr, brother-in-law of
'Adalí, v. 51; flies from 'Adalí, 52; defeats
his forces, ib., 243; assumes royalty,
52; defeated by Sikandar, 56, 243;
defeated by Hímú, iv. 507, v. 244,
245; flies to Orissa, iv. 507, v. 245;
taken prisoner and slain, iv. 507, v. 245
Ibráhím Lodí, Sultán, reign, v. 7; ascends
the throne, 7; murders Jalálu-d dín,
13; defeats Islám Khán, 15; takes
Kálpí, 105; takes Gwálior, 13, 486;
flies to Bayána, 490; his nobles dis-
contented, iv. 324; attacks Ráná
Sanká, v. 16; his cruelty, 23, 24;
Bábar sends embassy to, iv. 234; de-
feats Bábar's advanced force, 241,
242; character, 252; defeated by
Bábar, 254, 290; slain, 256, 325, v.
26; plenty during his reign, iv. 475
Ibráhím, Mirza, of Badakhshán, v. 227,
228, 230, 231, 232, 249
Ibráhím Nizámu-l Mulk, vi. 91
Ibráhím Sháh, Sultán of Jaunpúr, iv. 38,
41, 63, 85
Ibráhím, Sultán (Ghaznivide), ii. 198, 257,
276, 483, 510, iv. 204, 522; con-
quests in India, v. 162, 559
Idols, destruction of, iv. 447, v. 486, vii.
184, 187, 188
Ikbál Khán, iv. 31; joins Násiru-d dín,
33; becomes actual ruler, ib.; de-
feated by Tímúr, 35; recovers Dehlí,
36; wars, 37; death, 40
Ikbálmanda, Mughal, iii. 199, 548
Ikdála besieged, iii. 296, 308, iv. 8, 10
Ikhtiyár Khán, v. 194, 195
Ikhtiyáru-d dín. See Muhammad Bakh-
tiyár
Ikhtiyáru-l Mulk, v. 343, 353, 360, 367;
death, 368
Iláhí era, v. 247
Ílak Khán, ii. 32, 441, 443, iii. 64, iv.
166, 170, 172
'Ilmu-l Aktáf, i. 331
'Imádu-d dín Husain, vi. 57
'Imádu-d dín Ríhán, ii. 352, 354, 369,
370, 371-4
'Imádu-l Mulk (reign of Fíroz Sháh),
iii. 331, 349, 372
'Imádu-l Mulk. See Gházíu-d dín
'Imádu-l Mulk of Gujarát, v. 195
Impalement, iii. 233, vi. 268, 273, 301,
401
Incantations, i. 330
India, Ancient, i. 3, 13, 19, 44; vi. 532
Indus, crossed by swimming, ii. 389,
552 pass., 571; bridge of boats over,
iii. 408, 482, iv. 93, viii. 80
Infants, experimental seclusion of, v. 533
Institutes of Jahángír, vi. 284, 493; of
Changíz Khán, 287, 300
Intemperance. See Drinking.
Intizámu-d daula, viii. 135, 318-323,
384
Intrenchments, iv. 251, 268, 339, 370,
viii. 401
Íraj, Mirza, v. 464, vi. 105, 111
Ísa Khán of Bhátí, vi. 72, 73, 75, 76,
78, 79, 132
Ísa Tarkhán, Mirza, i. 276, 301, 307,
320, 322, 323, v. 337
Is'hák, son of Alptigín, ii. 267, 479;
iv. 159
Iskandar Sháh of Kashmír, iii. 409,
469, 470, 518
Islám Khán rebels, v. 23; death, v. 16
Islám Khán (Jahángír's reign), vi. 326
to 330
Islám Sháh, Sultán, becomes king, iv.
478; character, 479; regulations, 480;
extent of territory, 480; plots against
his brother, 481; cruelty, 484; attempt
to assassinate, 495, 500; slaughters the
Niázís, 496, v. 488; goes to Láhore
against Humáyún, iv. 499; wishes
to kill 'Adalí, 500, 505; blows up
prisoners, 500, vi. 170; kills Khawás
Khán, 531; death, 505
Isma'íl Beg Khán, viii. 244, 246
Isma'íl Kulí Khán, v. 450, 453, 455,
456
Isma'íl, son of Subuktigín, iv. 163-5
Isma'ílians, ii. 258, 385, 442, 572
Isrí Singh, of Jaipúr, viii. 106, 109, 117,
344
I'tikád Khán (Ruknu-d daula), vii. 469,
471, 473, 475, 476-7-9, 509
I'timád Khán, of Gujarát, v. 340, 342,
376, 428, 430, 431, 519
I'timádu-d daula, father of Núr Jahán.
See Ghiyásu-d dín
I'timádu-d daula. See Kamru-d dín and
Muhammad Amín Khán

Jabbárí Kákshál, v. 418, vi. 40, 66, 68, 72
Jádú Ráí, vii. 10, 261
Ja'far 'Alí Khán (Nawáb Mír Mu-
hammad), viii. 128, 172, 210—214,
328, 329, 379, 380, 383, 426—429
Jagannáth, viii. 439
Jagat Seth, viii. 426
Jahándár Sháh (Mu'izzu-d dín), vii.
392-3, 545-6, 556; claims the throne,
vii. 429; becomes Emperor, 432, 557;
his dissolute habits, 432, 550; marches
against Farrukh Siyar, 436; defeat and
death, 437-8, 440, 445; his sons, 567
Jahángír, Emperor (Prince Salím), birth
of, v. 334; his tutor, 413, vi. 318;
married to daughter of Ráí Singh, v.
454; has a son born, 456; in camp,
462; cabal against him, vi. 442; re-
bellious spirit, 3, 98, 104, 108; at
Údípúr, 98, 110, 205; rebels, 105,
205; offended by Abú-l Fazl, 107;
death of his wife, 112; self-indul-
gence, 112; on service in Dakhin,
133; quarrel with his son Khusrú,
168; plot to prevent his accession,
169; succeeds to the crown, 173;
remission of taxes and duties, 174;
summary account of his reign, 248;
pursues and defeats Khusrú, 265,
269; imprisons Khusrú, 267, 272, 291;
impales prisoners, 268, 273, 401; orders
Khusrú to be blinded, 448; his chain
of justice, 262, 284; Institutes, 284;
comments upon them, 493; habit of
drinking, 285, 341, 357, 361, 381,
499; coins, 287, 354, 357; instigates
murder of Abú-l Fazl, 443; avows
murder of Abú-l Fazl, 288; discus-
sions with Hindús, 289; abolishes
transit duties, 290; confines his son
Khusrú, 291; death of his Hindú
wife, 112, 294; journey to Kábul,
302; knowledge of Turkí, 315; treat-
ment of Khusrú, 315; marries grand-
daughter of Mán Singh, 317; builds
tomb of Akbar, 319; his Regulations,
325; admiration of a turkey, 331;
proceeds against the Ráná, 335; and
sends Prince Khurram, 335; visits
Mándú, 348; love of the chase, 351,
362; prohibits use of tobacco, 351;
journey to Gujarát, 352; illness, 357,
380; description of Ahmadábád, 358;
opinions on poetry and painting, 539;
publishes his Memoirs, 360; renounces
hunting, 362, 384; journey to Kash-
mír, 367, 417; visits Kángrá, 380;
Sháh-Jahán's rebellion, 383, 394,
407, 413; captivated by Núr Jahán,
398; marries Núr Jahán, 403, 404;
great power allowed to Núr Jahán,
399, 405, 451; upbraided by Mahábat
Khán, 451; grants Surat to English,
viii. 202; harsh treatment of Mahábat
Khán's son-in-law, vi. 396, 420, 512;
seized by Mahábat Khán, 421; pro-
ceeds to Kábul, 428; escapes from
Mahábat Khán, 429; illness and
death, 435, vii. 5; character and habits,
vi. 447; his cruelty, 503; his Memoirs,
vi. 251, vii. 74; called Jannat-makání
after death, 5
Jahángír Kúli Beg, iv. 378, v. 201-2,
vi. 20
Jahángír Kúli Khán, vi. 327
Jahán Khán Abdálí, viii. 265, 267, 363
Jahán-numá, iii. 432-3-4, 495-6
Jahán-panáh, iii. 445-6, 501, 503
Jahán Sháh, Prince, vii. 429, 431, 545-6,
550; his sons, 567
Jáhir Deo, ii. 351, 368
Jahtal Ráí, i. 208
Jai Chand, Ráí of Benares, ii. 223, 300
Jaimal, defender of Chítor, v. 173, 325,
327, 399
Jaipál, ii. 12, 19, 21, 22, 24, 45, 50, 270,
403, 419, 424, 425, 461; iii. 64; iv.
161, 162, 179, 515, 523; vi. 564,
569
Jaipál II., ii. 426
Jaipúr, foundation of, viii. 44; attacked
by Holkar, 117
Jai Singh, of Nahrwálá, ii. 162, 164
Jai Singh, Mirza Rájá, vii. 8, 14,
22, 79, 82, 215, 237, 238, 245; takes
Sivají, 272, 276; sent against Bíjápúr,
277, 279; death, 282
Jai Singh Sawáí, Mahárája Rájádhiráj,
vii. 405, 420, 474, 475, 480, 483, 485,
511, 516, 521, 532, 539; viii. 44, 49,
50, 51, 55, 261, 343, 360
Jaisiya, son of Dáhir, i. 124, 125, 171,
174, pass.
Jajhár Khán Habshí, v. 330, 343, 351
Jajhár Singh Bundela, rebels, vii. 6, 19;
campaign against, 47; killed 50: his
wives and children, ib.
Jájnagar, subdued by Fíroz Sháh, iii.
312; iv. 10
Jalála, the sectary, v. 450, 455, 462,
467; vi. 101
Jalál Khán, son of Sher Sháh, iv. 350,
351-5-6-9, 367, 381, 397, 529; ascends
the throne as Islám Sháh, 478; de-
feats Mughals at Ghari, v. 112, 201;
vi. 19, 20. See Islám Sháh
Jalálu-d daula, iv. 206
Jalálu-d dín Fíroz Khiljí, governor of
Kaithal, iii. 133, 143; kills Kai kubád,
39, 598; becomes king, 40, 135; his
lenity, 139, 140; character, 141, 547,
597; meets 'Abdu-llah, grandson of
Hulákú, 147; murdered, 41, 155
Jalálu-d dín of Bengal, vi. 34
Jalálu-d dín, Sultán of Jaunpúr, v. 8;
murdered, 13
Jalálu-d dín, Sultán of Khwárizm, ii.
303, 324, 338, 393—401, 484, 549,
577; iii. 37, 38
Jám, the title, i. 495
Jám, of Gujarát,
Jám, of Káthíwár,
vi. 356
v. 438-9, 443, 459;
vi. 519, 527; vii. 68
Jáms of Sind, i. 224, pass.
Jamál Khán, of Ahmadnagar, vi. 87
Jamál Khán, of Chunár, v. 494
Jamdatu-l Mulk. See Asad Khán
Jammú, taken by Tímúr, iii. 468, 517
Jamnájí, vii. 466, 468
Ján Bábá, Mirza, i. 293, 325-6
Jání Beg Tarkhán, Mirza, i. 245, 248,
252, 262, 285; v. 456-7-9, 461, 463,
464, 466, 536; vi. 143
Janjúhah tribe, iv. 232, 234, 235
Janki, i. 198, 210
Jankú, Mahratta, viii. 146, 154, 169,
170, 241, 267, 271, 273, 274, 280
Jannat-áshyání, post-mortem name of
Humáyún, v. 187
Jannat-makání, post-mortem name of
Jahángír, vii. 5
Jánúba (Janúha) tribe, v. 278
Jánújí Bhonsla, viii. 286, 291
Jasrat Shaikhá Khokhar, iv. 53, pass. 65,
73, 74, 75, 85
Jaswant Ráo. See Holkar
Jaswant Singh, Rája, sent against Murád
Bakhsh and Aurangzeb, vii. 216, 218;
defeated by Aurangzeb, 219; sub-
mits to Aurangzeb, 231; deserts in the
field, 233; war against, 237; intrigues
with Dárá Shukoh, 238; pardoned
and reinstated by Aurangzeb, 131,
239; governor of Málwá, 143; in cam-
paign against Sivají, 271; death, 187,
296; his two children, 187, 297, 298
Jats,
Játs,
i. 14, 103, 128, 151, 167, 187, 188,
220, 286, 336, 450, 507, ii. 133,
217, 247, 409, 444, 477, iii. 245, 428,
492, iv. 234, 240, 398, v. 278, vi. 370,
vii. 343, 413, 425, 513, 515, 521, 531,
viii. 55, 66, 133, 135, 137, 147, 208,
209, 225, 226, 227, 320, 352, 360, 367
Ját Buluchís, i. 218
Jatriya tribe, v. 278
Jauhar (the Hindu practice), ii. 27, iv.
277, 534, v. 173, 328, 565, vi. 121,
vii. 50
Jaunpúr dynasty, origin, iv. 29, 37, 38,
41, 53, 85, 86, 99, 259, 266, 305, 306,
310, 356
Jaunpúr, Kings, iv. 451, 455-6, v. 2, 7,
78, 80—84; taken by Sultán Mu-
hammad of Bihár, v. 37, 189; re-
covered, ib.; taken by Bahlol, 89;
recovered, 90; Bárbak made king,
90; abandoned by Bárbak, 93; con-
quered by Akbar, 259; buildings at, 307
Jawán Bakht, raised to the throne, viii.
278, 363
Jawáhir Singh Ját, viii. 225, 226, 363
Jáwed Khán, Nawáb Bahádur (eunuch),
exaltation of, viii. 113; mobbed for
pay, 115, 122; his power, 116, 120,
133; murdered, 133, 317
Jayají Sindhia, viii. 266, 273
Jayapa Mahratta, viii. 321
Jazíra, foundation of, vii. 289; attacked
by Sivají, 290
Jewels, vi. 257
Jews, viii. 385, 388
Jhanku. See Jankú
Jhárejas, i. 217, 218
Jharokha, vi. 525, vii. 283, 296
Jhíls, v. 355, 509
Jihtar invades Dehlí, ii. 225
Jinjera. See Jazíra
Jinjí, siege of, vii. 348
Jizya, the, i. 476; imposed in Sind,
176, 182; levied by Fíroz, iii. 365,
380; not paid, 467; at Arangal, 560;
abolished, vi. 29; re-imposed, vii. 296,
310; enforced, 462; abolished, 479,
516, 524; re-established, viii. 38
Jogís, fight with Sannyásís, v. 318
Jokiya tribe, i. 286
Jugglers, iv. 118
Júna, Jám, i. 225
Junágarh, guns at, v. 502; taken, vi. 90
Junaid, commander in Sind, i. 125, 441
Junaid Kirání, v. 385, 400, 525; vi. 47,
48, 49, 56
Junaidí, Nizámu-l Mulk, ii. 201, 240,
242, 304, 325, 331, 333, 334
Júnán Sháh, Khán Jahán, iii. 371, iv.
12-16
Junks, i. 69
Jurz, Juzr, i. 4, 358
Jwála-mukhi, idol of, iii. 318

Káán, the, i. 71, 72, 73
Kabak (also Kapak and Kank) Mughal,
iii. 73, 548-9
Kabkalas, Brahmán, vii. 285, 305, 338-40
Kab Ráí, v. 356
Kábul, Hindú Kings of, ii. 9, 403;
Turkish dynasty of, 403, 409, 411;
old notices of, 412; invasions of,
413, 414; gained by Humáyún, v.
222; lost, 224, 232; regained 226,
233; besieged by Mirza Sulaimán,
249; state of, 280, 282, 293, 310;
taken by Akbar, 424; restored to
Mirza Muhammad Hakím, 425; re-
sumed by Akbar, 441; annexed by
Akbar, v. 449
Kach,
Kachh,
war with, i. 227; Jáms of, 268
Kadar Khán, son of Fíroz, blinded, iii.
41, 137, 162
Kadar Mughal, defeated, iii. 70
Kádir-bi-lláh, the Khalíf, i. 455
Kafand, King, i. 108
Kaid, the Hindú, i. 108; viii. 420
Kaid, Ráí of Bengal, vi. 109, 111
Kai-Khusrú, grandson of Balban, iii.
123, 124, 595; murdered, 127
Kai-Kubád, Sultán, descent, iii. 124, 524;
made king, 38, 595; meeting with
his father, 130, 524; reign of, 125;
murdered, 39, 135, 598
Káím Khán, viii. 116, 213
Káka Kotal, i. 160
Káká Pandit, viii. 149. See Gobind
Pandit
Kákars, i. 381
Kákar Khán, vii. 306
Kaksa, i. 202
Káksháls, v. 384, 414; rebel, 415, 416;
vi. 40, 45, 66, 67, 68, 71
Kálá Pahár (Muhammad Khán Farmuli),
iv. 352-3, 456-7, 512; v. 93; vi. 41,
45, 67
Kalar, Bráhman, ii. 403, 421
Kalích Khán, vii. 383, 391, 394, 434,
435-6-7, 537. See Nizámu-l Mulk
Kalíj Khán, v. 301, 317, 330, 344, 360,
402, 404, 413, 435-6-7, 440, 444, 445,
457, 462, 542; vi. 124, 302; death,
337
Kálinjar, taken by Kutbu-d dín, ii. 231;
by Humáyún, vi. 9; by Akbar, v. 333
Kálpí surrenders to Sultán Ibráhím, v.
105
Kalyán Mal, Ráí, v. 265, 335-6
Kamál Khán Gakkhar, iv. 501, v. 272,
278, 279
Kamalava,
Kamlú,
Kamlúa,
ii. 12, 172, 403, 420, 423,
578
Kamáún, Rája of, v. 541; vi. 332
Kám Bakhsh, Prince, vii. 196, 376; at
siege of Jinjí, 348; arrested, 349;
opposed by his brother A'zam, 384;
father's affection for, 385; claims the
throne, 389; marches against Wákin-
kera, 390; violent conduct, 406; fights
a battle and is killed, 406; character,
553; his sons, 566
Kambáy, taken by 'Aláu-d dín, iii. 43;
account of, vi. 353
Kámrán, Mirza, obtains Láhore, vi. 10;
receives a jágír, 189; recovers Kan-
dahár, 199; returns to India, 202;
opposes Humáyún, 202; receives Hu-
máyún, 204; deserts Humáyún, 130,
204, 206, 215, 220; abandons Kábul,
222, 223; recovers Kábul, 224; fights
against Humáyún, 225; exposes the
infant Akbar on walls of Kábul, 226;
his cruelties, ib.; escapes from Kábul,
ib.; prisoner of the Hazáras, 227; sub-
mits to Humáyún, 229, 230; deserts
again, 230, 231; regains Kábul, 232;
loses it, 233; again in arms, 233; flies
to Hindústán, 234; takes refuge with
Islám Sháh, iv. 498; a poet, ib.; flees,
ib.; his services, v. 35, 37; takes
Kábul, v. 147; made prisoner by Ádam
Ghakar, 147, 234; blinded, 147, 235;
death, 235
Kamru-d dín Khán (I'timádu-d daula),
vii. 502, 505-7; appointed wazír, 525,
531, viii. 45; services, 45, 50, 55, 56,
261; commands army against Ahmad
Abdálí, 106, 107; killed, 108
Kámrúp, campaign in, ii. 312
Kamurgha, v. 316
Kanak, King, ii. 10, 404, 405, 410, 420
Kanauj, Kings of, i. 22; Arabs sent
against, 207; Ráí of, 208, ii. 10;
taken by Mahmúd, 45, 456, iv. 178;
attacked from Zábulistán, ii. 170; by
Mahmúd, 45, 456, iv. 178; conquered
by Mas'úd III., 526; Humáyún's
defeat at, 380, v. 130, 143; destroyed
by Sher Sháh, iv. 416, 419; account
of, viii. 420
Kandahár, wonders of, i. 238; sickness
at, 239; attacked by Bábar, 307,
308; taken by Persians and recovered
by Kámrán, v. 199; obtained by Hu-
máyún, 220; given over to the
Persians, 221; taken again by Humá-
yún, 222; occupation of, 249, 315;
besieged by Persians, vi. 302; re-
covered, 64, 68; taken by Persians,
87, 89, 122; besieged by Prince Au-
rangzeb, vii. 99; by Dárá Shukoh,
101; falls, 102
Kanerkes, ii. 410
Kángra, conquest of, vi. 374, 382, 517
Kanishka, ii. 410
Kank (Kabak), Mughal, iii. 198. See
Kabak
Kankali Turks, ii. 551, 556
Kanwárs, v. 41
Kará-bahkam, ii. 266
Karákash, Malik, ii. 340, 342
Kárá-Kúínlú, iv. 299, vi. 196
Karan, Jám, i. 228
Karan Ráí of Nahrwala, ii. 230
Karan Ráí of Gwálior, v. 81, 85, 86, 88
Karan, son of the Ráná, receives a
mansab, vi. 341; succeeds, 367, 438
Karans, the, i. 53
Karkadan, the, i. 61
Karmatians, i. 453, 459, 491; ii. 91 pass.;
335, 441, 449, 571; dates regarding,
viii. 32
Károh armour, ii. 288
Karrácha Khán, v. 207, 224-8, 232;
killed, 233, vi. 10
Kashmír, ancient history, i. 107; its ex-
clusiveness, 63; Ráí of, 143, 178;
Tímúr's arrangements with, iii. 469,
518; described, 476, 521; Kings of,
iv. 93, 305; mission sent by Akbar, v.
411; conquest of, 450, 452-4; de-
struction of temples, vi. 458; religious
troubles in, vii. 492
Kásim 'Alí Khán, viii. 213, 214, 215,
218
Kásim Beg-Lár, i. 292
Kásim Khán (Aurangzeb's reign), vii.
216, 218, 355
Kásim Khán (Mir Muhammad), viii.
428
Kásra (Chosroes), the, i. 86
Kastariya caste, i. 76
Kataría caste, i. 16
Katlagh Khán, a title, ii. 396, 554
Katlagh Khán (Saifu-d dín Aibak), ii.
334, 354-6, 374, 376-8
Katlagh Khán, governor of Deogír, iii.
244, 247, 251-3; his death, 278
Katlagh Khwája, Chaghatáí, marches
against Dehlí, iii. 42, 166, 548
Katlú Khán, Kirání Afghán, iv. 511,
513, v. 373, 429, 465, 511, vi. 66,
67, 69, 71, 74, 79, 86
Kators, ii. 13, 128, 406 pass.; iii. 400,
407; their territory, 401; Timúr's
war with, 401, 480, v. 425, vi. 312
Katormán,
Katurmán,
ii. 13, 403, 405, 420
Kázíu-l Kuzát, iii. 578, 590
Keshu Ráí, vi. 269, 275
Khádim Husain Khán, viii. 214
Khafíf, i. 216
Khai-Khúya, the, i. 86
Khairá, i. 216
Khairu-d dín, Jám, i. 225
Khákán, i. 86, iv. 99, 102, 292
Khák-rez, vi. 100
Khalaf bin Ahmad, iii. 64, iv. 166-7
Khalífas, Memoirs of, i. 415; send
robes to Mahmúd and other sovereigns,
ii. 24, 91, 243, 326
Khalífa of Egypt, ii. 91, 93, 97; confirms
Muhammad Tughlik, iii. 249, 567;
embassy from, 249; invests Sultán
Fíroz, 342, vi. 226
Khán-i 'álam (Akbar's, Chalma Beg by
name), v. 377, 387, vi. 39, 43
Khán-i a'zam. See A'zam Khán
Khán-daurán (Sháh-Jahání) defeats
Jajhar, vii. 50-2; 54; new titles, 60
Khán-daurán (Aurangzeb's), vii. 228
Khán-daurán. See Samsámu-d daula
Khán Jahán Bahádur Kokaltásh op-
poses Sivají, vii. 287, 290; Súbadár
of the Dakhin, 300; misconduct and
disgrace, 307, 309; campaign against
Kutbu-l Mulk, 316; in disgrace, 317;
sent against the Játs, 532
Khán Jahán Lodí, memoir of, iv. 537;
notices of, vi. 323, 333, 408, 418, 419;
bribed by Nizámu-l Mulk, 433-7,
452; sells the Bálághát, vii. 7; re-
moved from government of the Dakhin,
8; returns to court, 8; escapes, 9, 141;
his flight, 13, 18; death, 20
Khán Jahán (Jaunán Sháh), iii. 371, iv.
12, 14-16
Khán-Khánán. See Bairám Khán
Mun'im Khán, Mirza Khán, etc.
Khán-i Kalán (Mír Muhammad Khán
Atka), v. 340, 364, 369
Khán-Zamán ('Ali Kulí Shaibání), iv.
509, v. 237, 239, 250-3, 257, 259,
272, 492; rebellion, 295, 301, 306,
318-9; killed, 321
Khán-Zamán (Kásim Khán), i. 290, 293,
295
Khán-Zamán Khán, viii. 305, 306, 342
Khán-Zamán (Sháh-Jáhání), iii. 52, 54,
56; takes Junír, 58, and other forts,
vii. 60; death, 61
Khán-Zamán (Shaikh Nizám Haidar-
ábádí), vii. 337, 342
Khándesh, rulers of, vi. 137; annexed, 241
Khándí Ráo killed, viii. 208, 321
Khandú Dapháriya, vii. 462, 472, 477,
499
Khangár Ráo of Kach, v. 443-6, 466
Khargú, of Katehr, iv. 14
Kharí (Khattrí) tribe, v. 278
Khárijís, ii. 176
Kharmíls, ii. 287
Khatúrs, vi. 312. See Kators
Khawás Khán, iv. 359, 360, 368, 371,
373, 378, 380, 381, 383, 387, 388,
406, 465, 476, 480, 482, 484, 502;
memoir of, 528, 544; v. 97, 201; vi.
19
Khilj, ii. 146, 151, 303
Khiljí chiefs, iii. 129, 135, 136
Khizr Khán, son of 'Aláu-d dín, quarrels
with his father, iii. 553; marries
Dewal Rání, 552-3; imprisoned, 554,
601; blinded, 209, 544; murdered,
217, 544, 555, 603
Khizr Khán, Saiyid, waits on Tímúr,
iii. 475; made governor of Multán,
475, 521; fights with Sárang Khán,
iv. 32; waits on Tímúr, 35; at Multán,
38; fights against Sultán Mahmúd,
42-3; becomes king, 45; his titles,
45; death, 53
Khizr Khán, Sultán Bahádur, of Bengal,
iv. 508, v. 66, 115, 245
Khokhars, iii. 415, 456, 473, 485, 505,
510, 516, 520, 547; iv. 57; vi. 198;
polyandry among, viii. 202. See
Gakhars
Khudá-banda, iii. 1
Khudáwand Khán, of Surat, v. 347, 501,
vi. 13
Khudáwand Záda, daughter of Muhammad
Tughlik, iii. 276, 290
Khudá-yár Khán of Kandahár, viii. 97
Khul Chain Bhatti, iv. 22, 29, 34. See
Dul Chain
Khuld-makán, title of Aurangzeb, vii.
402
Khurda, conquest of, vi. 355
Khurram, Prince (Sháh Jahán), sent
against the Ráná, vi. 337; subdues
him, 339; at court, 351; mansab of
20,000, 352; receives title of “Sháh
Jahán,” 352
Khurram Begam, v. 310
Khushhál Khán, vii. 432
Khushhál Ráí, Rája, viii. 350
Khusrú Khán, the favourite, a Parwárí,
iii. 211, 215; marches to Ma'bar, 215,
219, 558, 564, 604; murders the king,
222, 604; mounts the throne, 223,
605; defeated and executed, 226, 607
Khusrú Malik, Sultán, ii. 281, 294-5,
483; iv. 211
Khusrú (Prince), plot to raise him to the
throne, vi. 169, 291; received by his
father, 173; besieges Láhore, 297;
raises siege of Láhore, 264, 269, 297,
defeated, 266, 271; a prisoner, 267,
272, 291, 298, 300, 401, 452; par-
tially blinded, 448; impalement of his
followers, 268, 273, 401, 507; escapes,
291; death of his mother, 112, 269,
294; treatment of, 315, 337, 338; a
pretender assumes his name at Patna,
205, 321; death, 383
Khusrú Sháh, Sultán, ii. 258, 280, 483;
iii. 37; iv. 211
Khusrú Sultán, a pretender at Patna, vi.
205, 321
Khutba, iii. 292, iv. 45, vii. 420, 427
Khwája Abú-l Hasan, etc. See Abú-l
Hasan, etc.
Khwája Jahán, contrives death of Ghi-
yásu-d dín Túghlik Sháh, iii. 610
Khwája Mu'azzam, v. 291
Khwárizm, chronology, ii. 4
Kílú-garhi, iii. 126, 134, 136; viii. 11
Kipchák, i. 304, v. 145
Kiránís, revolt of, iv. 506
Kíríya language, i. 24
Kirmán, King of, a Buddhist, i. 151
Kishan Ballabh, viii. 324
Kisrá (Naushírwán), ii. 162
Kísu Khán at Bhakkar, i. 240
Kiwámu-l Mulk, Khán-i Jahán Makbúl,
iii. 279, 283; made wazír, 288, iv. 7;
vicegerent of Firoz, iii. 306, 320, 325,
328; his wealth, 347; memoir of,
367; dies, iv. 12
Kiyá Khán Gang, v. 245, 259, 263, 297,
301, 385, 387, vi. 24, 44
Koká, iii. 76
Kokaltásh, v. 273
Kokaltásh Khán, Khán-Jahán, vii. 558,
560
Kokanda taken, vi. 59
Kokars, ii. 233, 347, v. 165. See Kho-
khars and Gakhars
Kokar Saknín, Ráí, ii. 553, 563
Kokí Pádsháh, vii. 518, 523, 525
Kolis and Grassias, v. 439, 447
Kola Ráí Pithaurá, ii. 200, 214, 216, 295
Kombalmír taken, vi. 58
Kora Mal, Rája, viii. 122, 167
Kora Ráí, ii. 461
Krishan Ráí of Bíjanagar, vi. 231
Kúbilá Ká'án, i. 73
Kúch, ii. 310
Kúch Bihár, conquest of, vii. 65, 144,
265, 268
Kúch Hájú, war in, vii. 65
Kúcha-e salámat, vii. 23
Kúfí, i. 166. See Fúfí
Kulchand, ii. 43, 458, 460; iv. 178
Kumbher, siege of, viii. 321-2
Kurks, i. 430, 508; ii. 246
Kushún, vi. 540
Kutb Khán, son of Sher Sháh, slain, iv.
379
Kutb Khán, of Bengal, defeated by
Sher Sháh, iv. 321
Kutbu-d dín Aibak, a slave of Muham-
mad Ghorí, ii. 216, iii. 590, iv. 146;
engaged against the Khokhars, v. 165;
takes Nahrwála, ii. 228; services, iii.
590; becomes king, ii. 236, 300, iii.
37, iv. 146; takes Ghazní, ii. 301;
death, 237, 301
Kutbu-d dín Atka, preceptor of Jahángír,
v. 413, vi. 327
Kutbu-d dín Mubárak Sháh, Sultán,
ascends throne, iii. 211, 555, 557;
marches against Deogír, 214, 558, 602;
passion for a Parwárí created Khusrú
Khán, 211; his sensuality, 212; lax
government, 212; murders his bro-
thers, 217, 603; disgusting conduct,
217; murdered, 222, 604
Kutbu-l Mulk dynasty, origin, vii. 336;
character of Abú-l Hasan, 315; Au-
rangzeb makes war on, 315, 318;
peace with, 321; war renewed, 323;
surrenders and is imprisoned, 333. See
Golkonda
Kutbu-l Mulkís, vi. 95, 104, 131, 344,
390, 412, 414
Kuwar Pál of Thangar, ii. 227

Lád Malika, iv. 344
Laddar Deo, iii. 81, 201, 204, 231, 233
Ládí, wife of Dáhir, i. 171, 181-2, 192-3,
196
Láhore, dominions of Hindú rulers, ii.
440; becomes capital of Ghaznivides,
281; taken by Muhammad Ghorí,
281, 294; taken by Mughals, 340, iii.
102; rebuilt by Balban, 107; put to
ransom by Tímúr, 473, 520; plundered
by Tímúr, iv. 35; its ruinous con-
dition, 56; restored and called
Mubárak-ábád, 56-7; taken by
rebels, 76; retaken, 77; destruction
contemplated, v. 108; besieged by
Hindú chiefs, 160; occupied by Hu-
máyún, 237; besieged by Khusrú, vi.
265, 269, 297; taken by Nádir Sháh,
viii. 60
Láhorís, vi. 370
Lahúd, i. 16
Lake, General (Lord), viii. 353, 368,
370-1, 439
Lakhmaniya, Ráí, ii. 307
Lakhmí Chand of Kamáún, vi. 332
Lakhnautí, account of, ii. 318; attacked
by Sultán Fíroz, iii. 293, 305, iv. 7, 9
Laktuzamán, ii. 12, 405-6
Langáhs of Multán, i. 230, 314-5, iv. 85,
306, 399, v. 472
Langar Khán of Multán, v. 472, 476
Láriya language, i. 24
Lás (Law), M., viii. 327-8, 330
Lingam, ii. 476
Ling Mahádeo, iii. 91
Lisánu-l Ghaib, iv. 510
Lodhs, i. 337
Lodís, v. 3, 71
Lodí Afghán, Míán, iv. 510, v. 372-4,
511; vi. 35, 39, 41
Lohánas, i. 151, 187, 362
Lohánís, iv. 320, pass. 363, 547
Lolís, i. 337
Loni, massacre at, iv. 34, 94
“Lower country” Bengal, iii. 309

Ma'bar, i. 69; invaded, iii. 50; Kings of,
45, 52; conquest, 85, 203, 550; revolt
of Saiyid Hasan, 243
Madhgarh taken, vi. 57
Mádhú Ráo Peshwá, viii. 283-291, 295,
297; death, 369
Mádhú Singh,
Mádhav Singh,
brother of Mán Singh,
v. 455; vi. 98, 172,
294
Mádhú Singh, Rája of Jaipúr, viii. 117,
225, 321, 364
Magh Rája, v. 109, vii. 66
Maghribís, Westerns (mangonels), iii.
174, 202
Mahábat Khán, Khán-khánán, Yamínu-d
daula, vi. 173; parentage, 288, viii.
190; defeats Ásaf Khán, vi. 284; de-
feated, 249; pursues Khusrú, 299;
promotion, 312; sent against the Ráná,
318, 336, 338; murders Rája Uchaina,
viii. 191; introduction to Jahángír,
191; receives mansab of 3000, 192;
made commander-in-chief, vi. 385; sent
against Sháh Jahán, 386, 393, 408;
defeats him, 393, 413, 416; marches
to Dakhin, 395; son-in-law beaten by
order of Jahángír, 396, 420, 512;
rebels, 396; doings in the Dakhin,
411, 418; called to account, 418;
rebels, 420; seizes Jahángír, 421;
Jahángír escapes from him, 430; re-
leases Ásaf Khán, 431; joins Sháh
Jahán, 434; commander-in-chief, 438;
remonstrates with Jahángír, 541; re-
presses Jajhár Singh, vii. 7; made
governor of the Dakhin, 8; besieges
Daulatábád, 36; death, 45
Mahábat Khán (Aurangzeb's reign), Sháh
Jahán writes to, vii. 228; in campaign
against Bíjápúr, 126; retires from
Aurangzeb's army, 130; his influence,
420; fall, 432
Mahákál, i. 59
Máham Anka, protects the infant Akbar,
v. 226; note upon, 261; her influence
and power, 273, vi. 24, 26; death, v.
277, vi. 28
Mahárta, iv. 368-9, 371, 378, 380
Máh Begam, i. 320-326
Máh Chochak Begam, v. 280, 285, 286
Mahdí Kásim Khán, v. 309
Mahdí Khwája, v. 187
Mahípál, Ráí, ii. 531
Mahlak Deo, Ráí, iii. 76
Mahmúd Khán, i. 309
Mahmúd, Prince, son of Ibráhím, made
governor of Hind, iv. 522; returns
to Ghazní, 525
Mahmúd Sultán of Bhakar, i. 276, 321,
324, 325, v. 384
Mahmúd Sultán of Bengal, iv. 355, 363-4
Mahmúd Sultán of Dehlí, son of Muham-
mad, raised to the throne, iv. 28; in the
power of Ikbál Khán, iii. 398, iv. 33;
defeated by Tímúr, iii. 438, 498, iv.
35; escapes, iii. 442, 501; returns to
Dehlí, iv. 38, 41; how little territory
left, 42; death, 44
Mahmúd Sultán of Dehlí, son of Sikan-
dar, iv. 282; defeated, 346, 349;
abdicates, 350
Mahmúd Sultán of Ghazní, birth, ii. 269;
serves under his father, 19, 182,
iv. 162; ascends the throne, ii. 269,
iv. 164; receives a robe and titles from
the Khalíf, ii. 24, 91, 269, 474, 481,
iv. 166, 169; defeats Jaipál, ii. 24,
iv. 170; fights against Khalaf, iii. 64;
defeats Ilak Khán, 64, iv. 171;
reduces Ghor, ii. 285, iii. 65, iv.
174; expedition to Khwárizm, 176;
victories and conquests, ii. 28, 434, iv.
170, 173, 176; takes Multán, i. 215,
ii. 30, 441, iv. 170, 449; attacks
Ánand Pál, ii. 442, vi. 218; battle
near Pesháwar, ii. 442, vi. 219; forced
to diverge to Multán, 220; lost in the
desert, ii. 192, 474, vi. 220; takes
Kashmír, ii. 41, 445; Mathurá, ii. 44,
456; Kanauj, ii. 45, 456, iv. 178;
Somnát, i. 98, ii. 192, 468; conquest
of 'Irák, iv. 186; his sons, ii. 499, iv.
187; death, ii. 270, iv. 134, 167, 188;
burial, 135; his person, iii. 63; cha-
racter, iv. 135; liberality to learned
men, iii. 63; parsimony, iv. 134; love
of boys, 149; anecdotes of, ii. 182,
504, 506, iv. 136, 151; learned men
of his reign, 188; Odes addressed to,
516; general note on his expeditions,
ii. 434
Mahmúd Sultán of Gujarát, iv. 378, 505
vi. 236
Mahmúd Sultán of Jaunpúr, attacks
Dehlí, v. 2, 78; makes peace with
Bahlol, 80; death, 81
Mahmúd Khiljí, Sultán of Málwá or
Mándú, iv. 85, 260, 305, 386, 552
Mahmúd Khán, Sultán of Multán, v. 469
Mahra, the Persian, i. 109
Mahrat, chief of Jaipúr, i. 411
Mahrattas, first mentioned, iii. 150, 202,
214; characteristics of, viii. 262; oppose
Jahángír's forces, vi. 333, 343; origin
of, vii. 254, viii. 258; operations
against, vii. 337; attacks upon Aurang-
zeb's forces, vii. 347, 362; destroy
a royal army, 355; campaign against,
363; progress of their power, 374,
464; revenue arrangements, 374,
465; terms of peace with Aurang-
zeb, 376; obtain the chauth and
sar-deshmukhí 408, viii. 259, 260;
attack Burhánpúr, vii. 422; Husain
'Alí's contest with, 462; terms of
peace with, 466, viii. 260; rejected by
Farrukh Siyar, vii. 469; join Husain
'Alí, 472, 498-9; repulsed by Nizám,
525; ravages round Ahmadábád, 529;
their progress to Hindústán, viii. 73,
260; obtain Orissa, 129; in Bengal,
127, 129; take Málwá, 48, 262; take
Sámbhar, 51; at Údípúr and Ajmír,
52; in Bhadáwar, 53, 262; defeated
in the Doab, 53, 262; first approach
Dehlí, 55, 262; Bájí Ráo made go-
vernor of Málwá, 57; besiege Kota,
58; defeated by Násír Jang, 66, 67;
advance through Bundelkhand to the
Jumna, 67; approach Ágra and Dehlí
every year, 73; attack the Játs, 208;
attack Ráthor chiefs, 209; defeat the
Rohillas in the Doab, 118; plunder
the Emperor Ahmad at Sikandra, 142;
drive Najíbu-d daula from Dehlí and
set up Gházíu-d dín, 266; reách the
Indus and Multán, 267; in league with
Gházíu-d dín, 241, 321; attack Najíbu-d
daula, 242; defeated by Shujá'u-d
daula, 269; campaign under Biswás
Ráo and the Bháo, 273, 401; defeated
near the Indus by Ahmad Abdálí, 146;
also in the Doab, 146, 170, 271; take
and plunder Dehlí, 275; treat with
the Abdálí, 277, 401; take Kunjpura,
148, 278; retire to Pánípat, 148;
numbers of their armies, 147, 170,
399; review of their forces, 399; defeat
and slaughter at Pánípat, 145, 150,
279; called in by Játs, 226; attack
the Játs, 227; in the Rohilla country,
303; hold Zábita Khán's family, 304;
transactions with Rohillas, 305; de-
feated by English and Shujá'u-d daula,
305; peace with the British, 353
Mahtas, iv. 14
Maín, i. 154, 172
Majdúd, Prince, ii. 134, iv. 200
Majdu-d dín, Wazír, ii. 289, 292
Majlis Ráí, Rája, viii. 346
Majnún Khán Kákshál, v. 297, 298, 317,
320, 333, 379, 384, 390, vi. 40, 44, 45
Makamkam, i. 76
Makashís, vii. 243
Makbúl, Malik, iii. 256-7, 264, 311
Makhdúm 'Abdu-l 'Azíz Abhari, i. 235
Makhdúmu-l Mulk, v. 519, 520, 531,
536, 542-3
Mál Deo, Rája of Joudhpúr, i. 317, v.
211, 265, 335
Malabar, customs of, iv. 101, viii. 202;
Europeans in, 385
Malhar Ráo. See Holkar
Malik 'Ambar, vi. 104; defeated, 105;
attempt to assassinate, 340; defeated,
343; assists Sháh Jahán, 395; treats
with Mahábat Khán, 411; defeats
Imperial army, 414; death and
character, 428
Malik Chhajú, nephew of Balban, aspires
to the throne, iii. 135, 137, 141;
made prisoner and confined, 138-9, 536
Malik Jíwan, vii. 244, 245
Malik Náib Káfur, a slave, iii. 163;
defeats Mughals, 47, 73; subdues Dúr
Samundar, 50, 203; Tilang and Ma'bar,
78, 85, 203; takes Deogír, 200, and
Arangal, 201; causes death of 'Aláu-d
dín, 208; his violent measures, 209,
555, 601; killed, 209, 555, 602
Malik Ratan, i. 224
Malika Zamániya, viii. 245, 250-1, 384
Maliku-sh Shark, iv. 29, 45, 47-8
Malká, ii. 380
Mallú Khán, iii. 398, 434, 480; defeated
by Tímúr, 434, 440, 442, 500, iv. 30;
created Ikbál Khán, q.v. iv. 31
Málwá, conquests of, iii. 76, iv. 524, v.
168; Kings of, iv. 260-1, 275, 305,
v. 168. See Mándú.
Mamrez Khán, v. 44. See 'Adalí
Mámún, Khalíf, i. 447
Mán Singh, Rája of Amber, v. 342, 345;
defeats Ráná Kíká, 397-8; in dis-
grace, 401; services, 421-2; at
Kábul, 441, 449, 451-455; re-
called from Kábul, 456; made gov-
ernor of Bihár, etc., 456; becomes
Rája, 459; defeats Katlú, 465; an-
nexes Orissa, 465-6; in command
at Sarnál, 345, vi. 38; sent against
Dungarpúr and the Rána, 42; at
capture of Kombalmír, Kokanda and
Údípúr, 58; governor of Bihár, 85;
invades Orissa, 86, 89; in Bengal, 91,
98; recalled, 105; defeats Afgháns
near Dacca, 106; defeats the Magh
Rája, 109; and Kaid Ráí, 111; his
sister, wife of Jahángír, poisons herself,
112; conspires to raise Khusrú to the
throne, 169; submits to Jahángír, 173;
relations with Jahángír, 317-8; re-
called from Bengal, 327; on campaign
in the Dakhin, 333
Mán Singh, Rája of Gwálior, v. 91, 92,
96, 98, 168
Mán Singh of 'Umarkot, i. 297
Mandahars, iii. 245, v. 40
Mands, i. 38, 79. See Meds
Mándú, rulers of, iv. 391, 552; descrip-
tion of, vi. 348; taken by Humáyún,
v. 192, vi. 13; retaken, 18. See Málwá
Mangú Khán, ii. 344, 363-4, 384,
574; iii. 37-8, 47
Manhís, iii. 245
Manjaníks, vi. 461
Mankínjas, i. 243
Mankútí. See Mangú Khán
Mansabs, v. 514
Mansúr Khán. See Sikandar Sultán
Mansúra, founding of, i. 127; taken by
Mahmúd, ii. 249
Mansúr-garh, taken, vii. 17
Mariam Makání, marriage, v. 207;
rescued at Chaunsá, 113; returns to
India, 254, 262, 408, vi. 99, 108;
death, 113
Ma'rúf Farmulí, Míán, iv. 548, v. 16
Márúí, i. 260-1
Marwán I., Khalíf, i. 426
Marwán II., Khalíf, i. 441
Masnad 'Alí, iv. 45, 399, 437
Massacres, iii. 70, 74, 77, 90, 119, 121,
197; by Tímúr, iv. 34, 94, 435, 497;
by Bábar, 227, 251; by Nádir Sháh at
Dehlí. viii. 23, 64, 88
Mas'úd Husain, Mirza, v. 508, 510
Mas'úd (Amír Sultán), son of Mahmúd,
differences with his father, iv. 187;
reign of, ii. 61, 139, 256, 271; anecdotes
of, 193, pass., 483, 499, 508, iv. 192,
194; deposition of, iv. 137; imprisoned
and killed, 138; character, 139, 191
Mas'úd II. 'Aláu-d dín, Sultán, ii. 257,
278, 483, iv. 201
Mas'úd Sultán III., iv. 206
Mas'úd Sipáh-sálár, romance of, ii. 513;
tomb, iii. 249; 362
Ma'súm Bhakharí, i. 212, v. 431-6, 463, vi. 130
Ma'súm Khán Farankhúdí, v. 417, 419,
420-1, 426, vi. 72
Ma'súm Khán Kábulí ('Ásí Ma'súm), v.
409, 413, 415-6, 418, 421, 427-9,
vi. 66, 71-3, 76-9, 132
Mathurá, temples at, iv. 447, vii. 184
Maudúd, Prince and Sultán, i. 221, ii.
135, 144, 256, 273, 482, iv. 137, 199,
200, v. 160
Mauláná Muhammad, i. 235
Mawás, i. 286, ii. 355, 362, 366, 368,
375, 379, iii. 138
Meds, i. 15, 24, 128-9, 430, 450, 519
Mediní Ráo, iv. 275
Mers, i. 523
Meteor, fall of a large one, vi. 378
Mewáttís, iii. 103, iv. 60-1, 66-7, 75,
263, 273, vii. 507, 513
Mhers, ii. 228
Míán Bhúá or Bhúdh, the minister, iv.
451, 454; imprisoned and murdered,
v. 13, 25
Míánas, v. 244
Mice, plague of, vi. 407
Mích, ii. 310
Mlíak Deo, ii. 327
Mines, used in sieges, iii. 424, v. 138, vi. 100
Míní tribe, iii. 272
Mints, six established by Akbar, vi. 57
Mír 'Ali Sher, iv. 527
Mír Beg Kákshál, vi. 66, 68, 71
Mír Ja'far, viii. 328-9. See Muhammad
Ja'far
Mír Jumla. See Mu'azzam Khán
Mír Jumla, favourite of Farrukh Siyar,
vii. 443-5, 449; his great power, and
intrigues, 447, 571; sent as súbadár
to Patna, 449; retires from Patna,
459; troubles at Dehlí, 460; sent to
the Panjáb, 460; made chief judge,
486
Mír Jumla Tarkhán, viii. 49
Mír Kásim. See Muhammad Kásim
Mír Madan, viii. 427
Mír Mannú. See Mu'ínu-l Mulk
Mír Muhammad Khán. See Khán-i
Kalán
Míran, viii. 172, 214, 427-9
Mírat, taken by Tímúr, iii. 450, 506
Mirza Haidar, Mirza Jâní Beg, etc. See
Haidar, Jání Beg, etc.
Mirza Husain, Nizám Sháh, vi. 235
Mirza Khán, Khán-khánán, v. 265;
protected by Akbar, 269, 363; in
command in Gujarát, 364, 434, 442;
made Khán-khánán, 437; receives
Jaunpúr, 458; made prime minister,
458; made governor of Multán, 459;
his conquest of Sind, i. 247, 285,
297, v. 459, 461, 463, 466; on service
in the Dakhin, 467, vi. 91-2, 101,
105, 110, 132, 146, 240-1; pre-
ceptor of Jahángír, 318; under-
takes to subdue Nizám-sháhís, 318;
in disgrace, 323, 332; again em-
ployed, 334; joins in rebellion of Sháh
Jahán, 385; surrenders to Mahábat
Khán, 388; a prisoner, 412, 418;
death, 434
Mirza Muhammad Bákí, etc. See Mu-
hammad Bákí, etc.
Mirzas, the, v. 189, 315, 325, 330-1,
348, 352; vi. 9, 16, 122, 203
Miwáttís, iii. 103. See Mewattis
Miyán Saiyid 'Alí, i. 278
Mohan Lál, viii. 427
Moka Bisáya, i. 164, 177, 180, 187
Mondíhs,
Mundíhs,
vii. 185, 294
Money, of Bengal, ii. 308; copper, of
Muhammad Tughlik, iii. 240; hoard-
ing, 584
Mountains, description of, i. 44
Mu'áwiya, the Khalíf, i. 117, 416, 422
Mu'áwiya II., Khalíf, i. 425
Mu'azzam (Prince Sháh 'Álam), dis-
obedient to his father, vii. 185; im-
prisoned, 190, 327; released, 191, 358;
his parentage and character, 195;
súbadár of the Dakhin, 271, 282;
sent against the Ráná, 299; supports
his father against Prince Akbar, 301-2;
campaign in Kokan, 311, 314; cam-
paign against Kutbu-l Mulk, 315;
takes Haidarábád, 320; at siege of
Golkonda, 326; in disgrace, 323; re-
ceives title “Bahádur Sháh,” 358;
claims the throne, 391, 547; greatly
assisted by Mun'im Khán, 392, 548;
obtains Dehlí and Ágra, 393, 549;
proposes division of kingdom, 396, 542;
defeats A'zam Sháh, 397, 542 See
Bahádur Sháh
Mu'azzam Khán (Mír Jumla), minister
of Kutbu-l Mulk, vii. 108; becomes
an Imperialist, 108-9; waits on
Prince Aurangzeb, 117; receives title
“Mu'azzam Khán,” 119; sent against
Bíjápúr, 119, 124; disagreement with
Aurangzeb, 130; campaign against
Ásám, 144, 264; confined by Aurangzeb,
179, 217; received by Aurangzeb, 232;
defeats Sháh Shujá', 233; campaign
against Shujá', 249; death, 269
Mubárak, Jám, i. 230
Mubárak Nágorí, Shaikh, v. 493, 511,
516, 531, vi. i.
Mubárak Sháh ascends the throne, iv. 53;
fights against Jaunpúr, 63; mur-
dered, 79
Mubárak Sháh, Sultán of Jaunpúr, iv.
38
Mubáriz Khán, iv. 496, vi. 179. See
'Adalí
Mubáriz Khán, governor of the Dakhin,
vii. 525, viii. 44; slain, 45
Mughals, inroads of, ii. 283, 303; take
Láhore, 340; at Uch and Multán,
344, 346, 350, 358, 363-4, 378, 380;
send ambassadors to Násiru-d dín,
381-2; punishments, 386; con-
quests, 387; winter in India, 390;
retreat from Multán, 391-5; inva-
sions under various leaders, 70, 72-4,
95, 102, 109, 112-3, 122, 147, 162, 165;
defeated by 'Aláu-d dín, 42, 47, 70,
72-3; prisoners taken into service, 48,
74; attack Dehlí, 166, 189; precautions
against, 191; prisoners, 197; battles
with, 198, 234; favoured by Muham-
mad Tughlik, 251, 264; attack royal
army, 266-275; ravages of, 303, v.
485; invasion in Kai-Kubád's time,
iii. 525, 527; described, 528; inva-
sions, 547; oppose accession of Fíroz,
vi. 222; defeated by Fíroz, iii. 278,
iv. 9, 14, vi. 223; taken into service by
Fíroz, iii. 267; inroads stopped, 266;
inroads after death of Fíroz, 317
Mughal helmet, i. 532
Mughísu-d dín, Sultán, iii. 137
Mughúla, iv. 546
Muhállab, son of Safrá, i. 116, vi. 564
Muhammad 'Ádil. See 'Adalí
Muhammad 'Alí, Nawáb, viii. 392
Muhammad Amín Khán, I'timádu-d
daula, son of Mír Jumla, vii. 108-9, 180,
391, 394, 537; in command against
the Sikhs, 423; supports Farrukh
Siyar, 437; receives title of I'timádu-d
daula, 442; services, 449, 457, 459,
460; in disgrace, 473; conduct at
deposition of Farrukh Siyar, 477;
confirmed in office by Rafíu-d Daraját,
480; quarrels with the Saiyids, 497;
plots the death of Husain 'Alí, 502-
506, 572; wazír 507-8, 514; death, 517
Muhammad Bakhtiyár Khiljí, ii. 232,
300, 305
Muhammad Bákí Tarkhán, Mirza, i. 270,
276, 278, 282, 284, 294, 324-6, v. 315,
337
Muhammad Ghorí, youth of, ii. 292; on
throne of Ghazní, 293; defeated at
Nahrwála, 200, 294; overthrows
Ghaznivides at Láhore, 281, 294, vi.
198; invasion of Hindústán, ii. 212,
226, vi. 198; defeated by Kola Pi-
thaurá, ii. 295; defeats and kills Pi-
thaurá, 200, 296; further conquests
in Hindústán, 227-8, 297, vi. 198;
succeeds to the throne, ii. 297, iii. 37;
takes Benares, ii. 251; wars with the
Gakkhurs or Kokhars, 232, v. 163;
death, ii. 235, 297, 393; his slaves,
iv. 145; his coins, ii. 483
Muhammad Hakím, Mirza, brother of
Akbar, v. 249, 281, 283, 286, 293, 310;
incited to attack India, 312; retreats,
313, 393; makes another attempt upon
India, 421; retreats, 423; seeks for-
giveness, 424-5, 440, 447-8; death, 449
Muhammad Husain, Mirza, v. 315, 330-1,
343-4, 351-2, 360, 365, 367, vi. 122-3,
125; death, 368
Muhammad Ibráhím raised to the throne,
vii. 509, 515
Muhammad Jauná (Sultán Muhammad
Tughlik), iii. 224; refuses allegiance
to Khusrú, 224, 605; escapes from
Khusrú, 224, 607; created Ulugh
Khán, 230; marches against Arangal,
231; defection in his army, 232; re-
treats, 232; takes Bidr and Arangal,
233; conspires against his father, 609-
10; causes his death, 610. See Mu-
hammad Tughlik
Muhammad Kásim, i. 428, 432, 434, 437;
sent to Sind, 119, 157; conquests,
119; takes Debal, 120, 157; at Nírún,
157, 163; defeats Dáhir, 122, 170;
marches to and takes Brahmanábád,
123, 174, 180; at Álor, 192; at
Multán, 123, 203; sends to Kanauj,
207; goes to Udháfar, 210; sent in a
cow's hide to Baghdád, 124, 210, 437
Muhammad Kásim (Mír Kásim), viii.
330
Muhammad Kásim Khán, v. 454, 458,
462
Muhammad Khán Bangash, vii. 511, viii.
46, 48, 49, 54, 261, 342
Muhammad Khán Gauria, defeated and
killed, iv. 507, v. 245
Muhammad Khán, Prince, son of Fíroz,
iv. 15; attacks Khán-Jahán, 15;
made king, 16; flies, 17, 19; re-ascends
the throne, 21; defeated, 21-3, vi. 186;
recovers throne, v. 24; dies, 27
Muhammad Khán Shaibání, i. 304
Muhammad Kúli Khán, viii. 172
Muhammad Langáh Sultán, i. 314
Muhammad Makhúl, son of Mahmúd,
made king, iv. 137; character, ii. 191,
509; blinded, 271; reign, 256, 270,
482, iv. 192, 198
Muhammad Ma'súm, i. 212. See Ma'súm
Bhakhari
Muhammad Muzaffar, Sultán of Gujarát,
iv. 259
Muhammad Sádik Khán. See Míran.
Muhammad Sádik Khán in Sind, i. 244-7
Muhammad Sálih Tarkhán, i. 300-1
Muhammad Sám. See Muhammad Ghorí.
Muhammad Sháh, Emperor, raised to the
throne, vii. 485; chafes under the
control of the Saiyids, 488; arrange-
ments of the ministers, 500; delivered
from the Saiyids, 505; victory over
Saiyid 'Abdu-llah, 510, 513; returns
to capital, 516; guided by his mistress,
523; character, viii. 42; incites oppo-
sition to Ásaf Jáh, 42; kills Saiyid
Míran, 48; his neglect, 53, 60, 73,
104; dissensions among his nobles, 60;
marches against Nádir Sháh, 60, 74;
his meeting with Nádir Sháh, 62,
63, 81, 85-6; returns to Dehlí with
Nádir, 64, 87; presents made to Nádir,
89; treaty with Nádir, 91; prohibits
writing of history, 21; his poverty,
105; paralysed, 106: state of country
after Nádir's retirement, 105; jealous
of his son, 105-6; death, 111
Muhammad Sháh, Báhmaní, vi. 229
Muhammad Sháh, son of Daryá Khán
Lodí, v. 105
Muhammad Sháh, King of Jaunpúr, v.
81; death, 84
Muhammad Sháh, Sultán, becomes king,
iv. 80; death, 86
Muhammad Shírán Khiljí, ii. 314
Muhammad Sultán, son of Aurangzeb, vii.
110, 112, 114, 116; marries Princess
of Golkonda, 119; 130, 195, 221, 226,
228, 233, 237; campaign against
Shujá', 249; deserts, 249; returns and
is confined, 251, 263
Muhammad Sultán, “the Martyr Prince,”
son of Balban, iii. 110; death of, 38,
122
Muhammad Sultán of Bihár, v. 22, 25, 37
Muhammad Sultán, title assumed by
Bihár Khán, iv. 325
Muhammad Sultán, Mirza, v. 179, 201,
204-5, 220, 315, vi. 9, 17, 123-4
Muhammad Súrí, ii. 285
Muhammad Tughlik, Sultán, succeeds to
the throne, iii. 235, 611; his character
and accomplishments, 235, 580, 588,
611; kills his brother, 613; his grand
projects, 237; state of his kingdom,
237; depopulates Dehlí, 213, 619; in-
creases taxes, 238, v.485; copper money,
iii. 240; defeats Tarmsharín Khán,
v. 485; revolts against him, iii. 242,
247, 254, 614; courts Khalífa of Egypt,
249, 567; corruption of his officials,
250; his severity, 238, 251 et pass.,
611, vi. 184; takes Nagarkot, 570;
disaster in the Himalayas, 241, 617; in
Ma'bar, 243, 618; death, i. 226, iii.
265; anecdotes of, vii. 135
Muhammad Záhid (Mirza), i. 246
Muhammad Zamán Mirza, v. 179, 199,
201, 202, vi. 9, 13; drowned at Chaunsá,
v. 203
Muhibb 'Alí Khán, i. 240, v. 338, vi.
74, 76
Muhíu-l Millat, raised to the throne, viii.
243, 268; deposed, 278
Muhkam Singh, vii. 464, 505-6, 511-3,
520
Muhtasib, iii. 579
Mu'ínu-l-Mulk, viii. 108; in command
of army, 110; cedes territory to
Ahmad Abdálí, 115, 122, 166; makes
terms with Ahmad, 167; his widow,
240
Mu'izziya Sultáns, ii. 298
Mu'izzu-d dín Bahrám Sháh, ii. 337
Mu'izzu-d dín Kai-Kubád. See Kai-
Kubád
Mu'izzu-d dín, Prince, vii. 392-3. See
Jahándár Sháh
Mujáhid Khán in Sind, i. 240; besieges
Thatta, 241
Mujáhid Khán (Aurangzeb's reign), vii.
301-3
Mukarrab Khán (Mahmúd Sháhí), iv.
28, 30, 33
Mukarrab Khán (Jahángírí), vi. 317, 320,
330, 337, 362, 423, vii. 12
Mukarrab Khán, Khán-Zamán, Fath
Jang (Shaikh Nizám Haidarábádí),
vii. 337, 342
Mukhtáru-d daula, viii. 423
Muktadir-bi-lláh, Khalíf, i. 452
Muláhida, ii. 441, 572
Muláhid alamaut, ii. 290, 574
Mulla Ahmad Bíjápúrí, vii. 256
Mulla Muhammad Lárí, vi. 390, 408,
412, 414-5
Multán taken by Arabs, i. 123, 203;
taken by Chach, 143; by Mahmúd,
215, ii. 30, 248, 441, iii. 64; seized
by Aibak Bak, ii. 233; delivered
from the Karmatians, 293; be-
sieged by Mughals, 391; extent of,
440; rebellions at, iii. 242, 244; be-
sieged by rebels, iv. 70; troubles in,
73; disturbed by the Langáhs, 85;
taken by Pír Muhammad, i. 229, iii.
417, 486; falls to Langáhs, i. 230, iv.
306; under Sher Sháh, iv. 398-9; taken
by Sháh Husain, i. 314-5; Kings of,
iv. 306, v. 469, 472; siege of, 472;
annexed to Empire, 476
Multán, Idol of, i. 11, 23, 27, 35, 82,
205, 469
Múmal and Mendra, i. 345
Mumtáz Mahal, vii. 27
Mumtázu-l Mulk. See Sarbuland Khán
Mundáhirs, iii. 245, v. 40
Mun'im Khán (Akbar's Khán-khánán)
prepares to desert Humáyún, v. 210;
services to Humáyún, 212, 214, 231,
234, 236, 249; called from Kábul by
Akbar, 267; made Khán-khánán
and minister, 267-8; share in murder
of Atka Khán, 277, vi. 26; goes to
Kábul, v. 278, 280; governor of Kábul,
282; services, 297, 299, 313, 315;
governor of Jaunpúr, iv. 510, v. 339,
vi. 35; on service in Bengal, v. 371;
sent against Dáúd, 372, vi. 39;
besieges Patna, v. 381, vi. 44; gover-
nor of Bengal, v. 380, vi. 47, 49, 53;
takes Garhí and Tánda, v. 381, vi. 44;
pursues and defeats Dáúd, iv. 512, v.
384, 387; makes peace, 388, vi. 47,
49, 53; death, iv. 512, v. 394
Mun'im Khán (Khán-khánán of Bahá-
dur Sháh) assists Bahádur Sháh to the
throne, vii. 391, 543, 545, 547; ap-
pointed wazír, 392, 550; honours and
rewards, 400; his reforms, 402; tenets
and writings, 404; in battle against
Kám Bakhsh, 407; territorial ar-
rangements of the Dakhin, 408; in
command against the Sikhs, 424;
death, 425, 455; character, 425, 555
Murád, Prince, son of Akbar, birth of,
v. 335; sent to Kábul, 424; appoint-
ments and services, 457, 460, 466, vi.
91; invades the Dakhin, 93, 96, 133;
death from drink, 97, 133, 247
Murád Bakhsh, Prince, brother of
Aurangzeb, sent against Balkh, vii.
70; retires in disgrace, 71; declares
himself king, 143, 178, 214, 216;
Dárá Shukoh sends an army against
him, 216; obtains Surat, 216; his
valour, 222-4; treatment by Aurang-
zeb, 227; imprisoned, 228; at Gwálior,
237; mock trial of, 131; murdered,
132, 266
Murárí Pandit, vii. 23, 40
Murattabs, iii. 625
Muríd Khán, Nawáb, i. 350
Murtazá Khán (Shaikh Faríd), vi. 170-1,
182, 301; death, 374. See Faríd.
Music, various tunes, iv. 449
Mustafá Rúmí, iv. 268, 284
Mustansir bi-llah, Khalíf, ii. 243
Mu'tamad-alá-lláh, Khalíf, i. 452
Mu'tamad Khán, vi. 170
Mu'tamad Khán (Jahángírí), vi. 280,
372, 400, viii. 191
Mu'tasim-bi-lláh, Khalíf, i. 448
Mutilation, prohibited by Jahángír, vi.
285, 503
Mutí-li-lláh, Khalíf, i. 455
Muzaffar Husain Mírza, v. 348, 404;
taken prisoner, 408, 410; released,
411
Muzaffar Jang Nawáb, viii. 391
Muzaffar Khán (Akbar's reign), v. 265,
299, 313, 323, 332; governor of Málwá,
vi. 42; made wazír, v. 370, vi. 43; sent
to besiege Rohtás, v. 380, vi. 46; in
disgrace, 46, 47; services against the
Afgháns in Bihár, 47, 57; in charge
of mint at Lahore, 57; sent on service
in Bengal, v. 398; governor of Bengal,
410, 412; harsh rule, 414; killed, 416
Muzaffar Khán (Sháh-Jahán's reign),
kills Khán-Jahán Lodí, vii. 21; created
Khán-Jahán, 22
Muzaffar Khán Gujarátí, v. 342, 353;
revolts, 430-1; takes Baroda and
Broach, 433; defeated, 433-7; flight,
437-40; in arms again, 433; killed,
465
Muzaffar Sháh Habshí of Bengal, iv. 261

Nabúmiya tribe, i. 292
Nádir Sháh of Persia, sends embassy to
India, viii. 76, 126; invades India,
60, 74, 126; causes of the invasion,
60, 76, 126; march opposed by the
Afgháns, 78; defeats Násir Khán, 77
joined by Násir Khán, 60; crosses the
Indus, 80; defeats Indian army, 60,
80, 82; takes ransom from Láhore,
60, 80; takes Burhánu-l Mulk prisoner,
61, 84; makes Burhánu-l Mulk his
representative, 63; his retinue, 233;
interviews with Muhammad Sháh, 22,
62, 85, 86; enters Dehlí, 64, 86;
attack upon the Persians, 64, 88;
orders massacre, 23, 64, 88; his plun-
der, 64, 88, 233, 346, 347; marries
his son to an Indian princess, 90;
takes ransom from Dehlí, 90, 346, 347;
treaty with Muhammad Sháh, 91; his
return home, 24, 65, 93; annexes part
of the Panjáb, 95; letter to Zakariya
Khán Názim of Láhore, 96; treat-
ment of Khudá-yár Khán of Amarkot,
97; further embassy to India, 132
Nagarkot, taken by Mahmúd, ii. 34,
444; by Fíroz, iii. 317, iv. 12, vi.
227; by Muhammad Tughlik, iii. 570;
by Tímúr, 465, 515; siege of in Akbar's
reign, v. 356, 507; its name changed,
vi. 227; books at, 227
Náhid Begam, v. 337
Nahmrúí tribe, i. 286
Nahrwálá, ii. 162; taken 228
Najaf Khán, viii. 227, 297, 366, 410
Najíb Khán Rohilla, Najíbu-d daula,
viii. 137-9, 146, 148; quarrels with
Gházíu d dín, 168-9; invites Ahmad
Sháh Abdálí, 168, 268; contests with
Mahrattas, 169, 242, 266, 268, 363-4;
relieved, 170, 243, 270; joins Ahmad
Abdálí, 170, 270, 398; appointed
bakhshí, 171, 265; services to Ahmad
Sháh, 266, 276, 279
Nanda, Jám, i. 233
Nanda bin Babiniya, Jám, i. 273, 275,
276
Nanda Rája, ii. 463-4, 467
Naphtha, use of, vi. 456
Nar Singh Bundela, murderer of Abú-l
Fazl, vi. 3, 107, 108, 113, 114, 154,
160, 288, 316, 442; vii. 6
Náráín Ráo, Peshwá, viii. 291-2
Nardajan Pál, ii. 12, 403, 461
Ná-shudaní, vii. 5
Nasíbín, capture of by scorpions, v. 550
Násir Jang succeeds Nizámu-l Mulk,
viii. 113; defeats Mahrattas, 66-7;
resigns government, 69
Násir Khán defeated by Nádir Sháh,
viii. 77-8; agent of Ahmad Abdálí, 115
Nasírí Khán (Khán-daurán), vii. 25,
38, 41
Násiru-d dín, title, iii. 525
Násiru-d dín. See Subuktigín
Násiru-d dín Kubácha, i. 131; ii. 201,
240-1, 301-2, 323-6, 396, 484, 554,
563; iv. 146
Násiru-d dín Mahmúd Sultán, ii. 241,
345, 365, iii. 38, 98, 592
Násiru-d dín. See Muhammad Sháh,
Prince
Násiru-d dín, son of Balban, killed by
Hulákú Khán, iii. 38, 122
Násiru-d dín (Bughrá Khán), Sultán
of Bengal, iii. 111, 120-4, 129, 234,
524, 595-7
Násiru-d dín Muhammad Sháh, of
Gujarát, iv. 39
Násiru-d dín Nusrat Sháh, iv. 31-3
Násiru-d dín Sultán of Mándú, vi.
349, 350
Násiru-l Mulk, vi. 21. See Pír Mu-
hammad
Nathují, vii. 276-7, 281-2
Naushírwán, i. 407, ii. 162, 184
Naval fights in Sind, i. 241, 245, 248, 277
Nawáb Bahádur. See Jáwed Khán
Nawáb Kudsiya. See Udham Báí
Nawásá Sháh, ii. 32, 443, 461; iii. 65;
iv. 172
Názir Mansúr 'Alí, viii. 244, 246
Nekú Siyar, Prince, vii. 308, 482-9, 509
New Amírs (or Foreign Amírs), iv. 16,
18, 20
New Musulmáns, iii. 75, 127, 148, 164,
172, 178-9, 205
Níázís, iv. 428, 431, 487, 492, 493,
496, v. 488
Niba Sindhia,
Nímá Sindhia,
vii. 362, 408, 452
Nidar Bhím, ii. 38, 427, 451
Nigúdárí Mughals, iii. 48
Nímroz, King, i. 139, 407
Nizám 'Alí Khán takes Púna, viii. 286
Nizám Sháhí Kings, vi. 235
Nizám Sháhís, vi. 70, 87, 91, 131, 144,
319, 343, 379, 412, 415-6, 433; vii.
11; king murdered by Fath Khán,
27; raise a child to the throne, 51;
campaign against, 51; child taken and
confined, 61; territories absorbed, 256
Nizámu-d dín Ahmad, his services, v.
178; at Kábul, 424; in Gujarát, 428-
447; recalled, 447, 458; against Af-
gháns, 462-533; death, vi. 130
Nizámu-d dín Auliya, iii. 554, 7
Nizámu-d dín II., Jám, i. 227, 233
Nizámu-d dín minister of Kai-Kubád,
designs upon the throne, iii. 126; his
murders, 127; poisoned, 132
Nizámu-l Mulk, 'Asaf Jáh, Chín Kalich
Khán, created Nizámu-l Mulk, vii.
442; authority in the Dakhin, 446;
controls the Mahrattas, 450-1, 466;
governor of Murádábád, 460; re-
moved, 469, 473: joins the Saiyids,
479; súbadár of Patna, 480; made
súbadár of Málwá, 488; differences
with Husain 'Alí, 489; obtains Ásír,
Burhánpúr, etc., 490-1; defeats
armies of Husain 'Alí, 496-7; ap-
pointed wazír, 517; his difficulties,
518, 524; departs for the Dakhin,
522-5; ministerial plans, 524; drives
back Mahrattas, 525; crushes Mu-
báriz Khán, 525; receives title
“ÁsafJáh,” 45, 527; his administration
in the Dakhin, 530; disagrees with
his father, 554; retires from court,
viii. 44; governor of the Dakhin, 45:
removed from Málwa, 57; his crafty
conduct in Nádir's invasion, 60-2, 74,
79; becomes amíru-l-umará, 62, 84;
with Nádir Sháh, 63, 84, 86, 234;
induces Burhánu-l Mulk to take poison,
64, 421; returns to the Dakhin, 68;
quarrels with his son, 69
Nizámu-l Mulk Násir Jang, viii. 391
Nizámu-l Mulk Túsí, ii. 485, 488
Nizámu-l Mulkís. See Nízam Sháhís
Nizárians, i. 129
Nobles, grades of, iii. 576; allowances,
577
Núnís, ii. 311
Núr Jahán, her parentage, vi. 397; her
husband, Sher-Afgan, killed, 402;
married by Jahángír, 403, 404; gains
the love of Jahángír, 398; called
“Núr Mahal” and “Núr Jahán,”
398, 405; her great power and in-
fluence, 398, 405, 451; coins in her
name, 398, 405; shoots a tiger, 366;
controls Jahángír in his drinking, 381;
endeavours to rescue Jahángír, 424;
effects the escape of Jahángír, 429;
her proceedings on death of Jahángír,
436; favours Shahriyár, vii. 5; death,
69; her tomb, vi. 311
Nusrat Jang, title of Sháh Jahán's
Khán-daurán, vii. 60
Nusrat Jang. See Zú-l fikár Khán
Nusrat Khán, general of 'Aláu-d dín,
iii. 157, 163, 164
Nusrat Khán, son of Fíroz, iv. 31. See
Násiru-d dín Nusrat Sháh
Nusrat Khokar, iii. 415, 485
Nusrat Sháh, of Bengal, iv. 260
Nuwul Ráí, Káyath, viii. 350
Nuwul Singh Ját, viii. 226-7, 366

Obelisks, moved by Sultán Fíroz, iii.
350; examined by Tímúr, 353
Ogtai, Mughal, ii. 389-90, 559
Ordeals, i. 329, iii. 145
Orissa, v. 299; seized by Sulaimán
Kirání, vi. 36; conquered by Akbar,
v. 465; restored to Katlú, vi. 79; re-
covered, 86, 88; summary of history,
88; made over to Mahrattas, viii. 129
Osteomancy, i. 331

Padres, at Akbar's Court, vi. 60, 85
Paharí Jíú, v. 460
Pál dynasty, ii. 12, 403, 425
Pándavas, i. 54, 105, vi. 536
Pándya Kings, iii. 32, 49, 53, 88, 91
Pánípat, battles at, iv. 251, v. 28, 63,
252, vi. 295, viii. 145, 171, 401
Páp Ráí, vii. 410
Parama Deo, ii. 474
Paras Deo Dalvi, iii. 88
Parenda, siege, vii. 22, 43; surrendered,
263
Parí, Amír, ii. 268
Parker, General, viii. 305
Parmár, Ráí of Kálinjar, ii. 231
Pársí language, iii. 556, 562
Partáb Ráí, v. 85
Parwárís, iii. 211, 218, 221
Parwez, Prince, vi. 301, 381; sent to
Dakhin, 321, 323; sent against Sháh
Jahán, 386, 393, 408; defeats him, 393,
413, 416; in Bihár, 417; marches to
Dakhin, 395; doings in the Dakhin,
412, 418; death, 429, 432
Páshíbs, iii. 75, 165, 174
Patáns, vi. 568
Patna, foundation of fort, iv. 477; cam-
paign against, v. 372; taken by Akbar,
iv. 512, v. 379; outbreak at, vi. 321
Patwárí, viii. 315
Peacock throne, construction of, vii. 45
carried off by Nádir Sháh, viii. 89
Pehlvi language, i. 133
Persian Kings, Ancient, connexion with
India, vi. 548
Peshrau Khán (Asad Beg), v. 413, 420,
vi. 136, 150
Pestilences, v. 384, 395, vi. 346, 357,
405, 406, vii. 328, 337, 566
Petroleum, vi. 456
Pilgrimage, Akbar's provision for, v. 391;
opinion about, 519; passes for ships,
520
Pilgrim tax, abolished, vi. 29, viii. 38
Pílájí
Pílújí
(Mahratta), vii. 528, viii. 51,
262, 282, 400
Pindus, i. 379
Pír Muhammad of Balkh, v. 227, 230-1
Pír Muhammad, Prince, a grandson of
Tímúr, iii. 398; takes Úch, i. 229,
iii. 399, 480, iv. 33; at Bhatti, i. 229;
Multán, iii. 417, 486; at Delhí, 440;
services, 457, 511, pass.
Pír Muhammad Sarwání, v. 250, 254, 257,
264, 271, 275, vi. 21
Pír Roshanáí, v. 450
Pithaura, Ráí, ii. 200, 213, 295-6, 398,
418, 422, vi. 198
Pitthú, i. 216
Plassy, battle of, viii. 329, 426
Polyandry, viii. 202
Portuguese, v. 347; vi. 18, 340, 466;
vii. 344, 351; viii. 127, 385
Post, for news, iii. 203; for letters, 581,
587, iv. 418
Prester John, i. 498
Prisoners of war, not to be slaves, vi. 25
Provisions, prices, iii. 192, 583, iv. 475
Púlád Turk-bacha, iv. 68, 73, 74; death,
79
Púna, taken from Sivají, vii. 262; re-
covered by Sivají, 269; retaken, 272;
taken by Nizám 'Alí, viii. 286
Púr Jaipál,
Purú Jaipál,
ii. 47, 50, 427, 451, 461,
463
Púran Mal, of Raisín, iv. 392, 397, 399;
massacre of him and his followers, 402
Pyramids of heads. See Heads

Rafí'u-d Daraját, accession and reign,
vii. 478-9
Rafí'u-d Daula, accession and reign, vii.
482
Rafí'ú-sh Shán, Prince, vii. 424, 431, 550;
defeat and death, 431; his sons, 567
Raghují Bhonsla, viii. 369-70
Raghúnáth Ráo, viii. 142, 169, 266, 273,
283, 286-292, 294-6, 364
Ráhdárí, vii. 467, 531
Rahma, Ruhma, i. 361. See Ruhmi
Ráíbal, v. 159
Ráí Bhára, i. 268
Ráí Dan, Jám, i. 230
Ráí Har Chandar, of Kanauj, i. 208
Râí Karan, iii. 551
Râí Rayán, of Deogír, iii. 79, 87, 200, 551
Râí Rayán (Hardás Ráí), vi. 107-8,
151, 160, 287
Râí Rayán (Sundar Dás), vi. 339
Râí Sáhasí, succeeds Siharas, i. 139, 292
Râí Sál Khokar, v. 163
Râí Singh Rája, v. 265, 335-6, 341,
450, 454, 462, 467, vi. 53, 91, 107
Raisín, siege and capture of, iv. 397
Râj, son of Chandar, at Brahmanábád,
i. 154
Râjas, lists of, viii. 207-8
Rajab, Sipah-sálár, ii. 544, iii. 271, 273
Rájgarh, taken and retaken, vii. 342
Rájpúts, viii. 226
Rám, chamberlain of Sáhasí, i. 139
Rám Chand, Rája of Chaurágarh, v. 538,
vi. 118
Rám Dás Kachhwáha, Rája, v. 369, vi.
170, 172,
Rám Deo, Ráí of Deogír, iii. 77, 79,
150, 200, 551; made Ráí-ráyán, iii.
79, 87, 200; death, 203
Rám Rája, vii. 305, 344, 346, 361, 364,
366
Rám Singh, Kunwar, vii. 263, 276, 279,
281
Ramal, i. 154-6, 177
Ran Mal Sodha, i. 218, 220
Ránás of Údípúr, family of, vi. 335;
wars against them, 335
Ráná, defeated by Bahlol Lodí, v. 4
Ráná Sanka, attacked by Sultán Ibrá-
hím, v. 16; battle, 19; prepares to resist
Bábar, 35; defeated by Bábar, iv. 261,
264, 266, 268, 275
Ráná Udí Singh, shelters Báz Bahádur,
v. 276; loses the fortress of Chítor,
324
Ráná Kíká, Akbar's wars against, v.
397-8, 400-1, 410, vi. 42, 58, 98, 110
Ráná Amar Singh, Jahángír's wars
against, vi. 317, 389
Ráná (Ráj Singh?) surrenders Chítor
to Aurangzeb, vii. 103; sends son as
hostage, 104; war against, 188; makes
submission, 189; compounds for the
jizya, 298; renewed war, 299
Ráná Kishan Dás, i, 297
Ráná Kúmba Wairsi, i. 292
Ráná Mal Bhatti, iii. 272
Ráná Megráj, i. 297
Ranbal, ii. 416
Randaula (Bíjápúrí), vii. 26, 53, 58-60
Ranjít Singh, Ját, viii. 226-7, 352, 366-7,
370
Ranjít Singh, of Láhore, viii. 353
Rantambhor, taken by 'Aláu-d dín, iii.
74, 171, 174, 179, 549; surrendered
to Akbar, v. 175, 260, 332
Rásal, King, i. 110, 147, 167, 168
Ratan Sen, Rája, iii. 463, 514
Ratan Singh Ját, viii. 226, 365
Ratbíl, ii. 417
Ráthors, i. 292-6
Rati, vi. 343
Ráwal, title, vi. 335
Rawwál, King, i. 110
Raziya, Sultán, ii. 331-2, 484, iii. 37,
592
Religious disturbances, vii. 454, 492
Rent-free tenures, v. 486, 521, 526, vi.
286-7
Revenues under Fíroz, grants of, iii.
288; settlement, 301; amount, 346,
in Tímúr's time, 397; Bábar's time,
iv. 223, 262; Sher Sháh's, 313-4;
Akbar's, v. 186, 383, 513, vi. 61;
divisions and officers, viii. 314; totals,
vii. 137, 164
Rhinoceros, hunting of, iii. 475, 521;
iv. 16, 231
Rihlat, v. 151
Rivers of India, i. 45, 47-53
Roads, iv. 417-8
Rockets, iv. 408, vi. 333, 469, vii. 12
Roh, Afgháns of, iv. 306, 388
Rohillas, iv. 428
Rohilla wars, viii. 116-8, 169, 213, 268,
302, pass., 347, 350, 422
Roshan Akhtar, vii. 485
Roshanáís, v. 451, 455
Rohtás, account of, v. 300; capture of,
201; garrison, iv. 417; obtained by
Sher Sháh, 359-60; siege of, vi. 46, 55
Rohtás, New, founded, iv. 390, 415, 419;
v. 114
Royal Westerns, iii. 75, 78
Rubies, ii. 454, v. 539
Ruhmi, kingdom of, i. 4, 13, 25, 361
Rúhu-llah Khán, vii. 329, 332, 356, 364,
371, 377
Rukh, description of, ii. 203
Ruknu-d dín Fíroz, Sultán, ii. 329, iii.
592, iv. 147
Ruknu-d dín Ibráhím proclaimed king,
iii. 156, 160; blinded, 162
Rúmí Khán (Humáyún's), gunner, v.
133, 139, 191, 197, 199, vi. 13, 15,
18; constructs a floating battery, v.
140; poisoned, 141
Rúp-matí, wife of Báz Bahádur, v. 270
Rúsal, ii. 176. See Ranbal
Rustam Khán Dakhiní, vii. 221, 223

Sa'ádat 'Alí Nawáb, viii. 369
Sa'ádat Khán, Zúl-l fikár Jang, made
bakhshí, viii. 113; his discontent, 120;
disgraced, 121; joins Safdar Jang, 135
Sábáts, iii. 82, 146, 165, v. 171, 326
Sabdaliya caste, i. 76
Sábir Sháh, rebels in Kumáún, viii. 45
Sábkufria caste, i. 16
Sadásheo Bháo,
Sadásheo Ráo,
prime minister, viii.
264; reviews his army,
399; its numbers, 400; entrenches his
camp, 401; makes proposals of peace,
ib.; death, 278, 281. See Bháo
Sádik Khán, v. 448, 456, vi. 57, 66, 69,
74, 79, 93
Sadr-i Jahán, iii. 578, 590
Sadru-l Islám, iii. 578
Sa'du-llah Khán, 'Allámi, vii. 71; sent
to Kandahár, 88, 95, 99; sent against
Chítor, 103; death, 118
Sa'du-llah Khán, viii. 116, 119, 121,
213, 269
Safdar Jang defeats Mahrattas, viii. 54;
his services against Ahmad Abdálí,
106, 108, 110, 112, 174; made
wazír, 113, 174; defeated by Rohillas,
117; leagues with Holkar against
Rohillas, 118; negociates with Ahmad
Abdálí, 121; commander-in-chief and
commander of the artillery, 131; calls
in Súraj Mal Ját, 133, 317; murders
the eunuch Jáwed, 133, 317; deposed
from office, 134, 320; raises a pretender,
135, 320; attacks Dehlí, ib.; recovers
jágírs from Játs, 212; seizes estates of
Káim Khán, 213; raises Ahmad to
the throne, 174; death, 174
Saffárians, ii. 284
Saffron, vi. 304, 375, 417
Sáhar Deo, ii. 542, 549
Sáhasi Ráí Sháhí, i. 138, 292
Sáhiba, i. 220
Sáhújí Bhonslah, birth, vii. 255; his
jágír, 256; joins 'Azam Khán, 15; 35,
37; army sent against, 51; move-
ments, 56, 58; surrenders, 60
Sáhú, son of Sambhájí, in captivity,
339, 341, 376; set at liberty, 395;
origin of his name, 395; mention of,
408, 450, 466, 499, viii. 258, 264
Sa'íd Nasíru-d dín Mahmúd, Sultán, ii.
319, 326
Sa'íd Sanjar (Sultán), ii. 279, 280
Sa'íd Shamsu-d dín Sultán, ii. 301,
303-4, 319
Saifu-d dín 'Alí Khán, vii. 463, 471
Saifu-d dín 'Alí Súrí takes Ghazní and is
hanged there, ii. 291
Saiyid Bukhárí, v. 453
Saiyid Kásim Bárha, v. 459
Sákriya caste, i. 76
Salábat Jang, viii. 318, 325, 392
Saláhu-d dín I., Jám, i. 227
Saláhu-d dín II., Jám, i. 234-5
Sálár Sáhú, ii. 513, 536
Sálbáhan, Rája, iv. 461-2, v. 95
Sálibáhan Rája, vi. 31
Saldi, Mughal, iii. 165
Sálih Tarkhán, Mírza, i. 323-4
Salím-garh, viii. 11
Salím Mírza, Prince. See Jahángír
Salím Sháh, son of Sher Sháh, regula-
tions respecting saráís, rent-free tenures,
etc., iv. 479, v. 486; his treatment
of the Níázís, v. 488. See Islám
Sháh
Salín Núín, ii. 358, 378
Sámand, ii. 12, 403, 422
Samanís, i. 68; of Brahmanábád, i. 147;
others in Sind, 158-9
Sámání kings, ii. 479
Samar, Mughal, iii. 122
Sambal. See Sidi Sambal
Sambhájí, son of Sivají, vii. 275, 279,
281, 292; succeeds his father, 305;
character, 305, 338, 342; attacks
Burhánpúr, 306; shelters Prince
Akbar, 309, 312; harasses besiegers
of Golkonda, 328; taken prisoner,
338; tortured and killed, 341
Sambhals, iv. 428-432, 496
Samejas, i. 245, 286, 298, 309
Sámíd, i. 109
Sámira (Sumra), iii. 588
Sammas, i. 187, 191, 215, 217-8, 220,
266, 271-2, 309, 311, 313, 337, 494
Samsámu-d daula Khán-daurán, vii. 505,
507
Samsámu-d daula, Nawáb, commander of
the artillery, viii. 135, 384
Samsámu-d daula, amíru-lumará, viii. 50,
54, 61, 72, 83; death, 62, 74, 84; 261,
262
Sámíú-ábád, founding of, i. 272
Sámúrí of Malabar, iv. 101, vi. 467, viii.
386
Sandaliya caste, i. 17, 76
Sanjar, Jám, i. 231-2
Sanjar, Sultán, iv. 207
Sankarájí, vii. 466, 500
Sankarájí Malhár, vii. 499
Sankh Deo of Deogír, iii. 551
Sannyásís, fight with Jogís, v. 318
Sanskrit, iii. 563; Muhammadan know-
ledge of, v. 570; translations from,
479, 513, 537, 539, vi. 227, viii. 194,
205, 207
Santá, Mahratta, vii. 472, 477, 499
Santá Ghorpúra, vii. 346, 349, 355, 359
Saráís, iv. 417, vi. 111
Sarandíb, funeral ceremonies, i. 6
Sárang Khán, iii. 398, iv. 29; surrenders
Multán, iii. 417, iv. 33; fights with
Khizr Khán, 32; defeated by Pír Mu-
hammad, 33; death, 51; a pretender,
51-2
Sárang Ghakkar, iv. 390, 493, v. 114,
278
Sarband, son of Akham Lohána, i. 148
Sarbuland Khán, vii. 460, 469, 472, 529,
530, viii. 340
Sarbuland Ráí, vi. 395-6, 412, 418
Sar-deshmukhi, vii. 408-9, 465, 467,
530; grant of, viii. 259
Sarfaráz Khán, Nawáb, viii. 128-9
Sarwánís, iv. 321, 389, 416, 459, 547, v.
109
Sarwar, Ráí, iv. 22, 26, 50, 52-3
Sarwaru-l Mulk, kills Mubárak Sháh,
iv. 78-9; plots, 80; killed, 83
Sasa, son of Dáhir, i. 125
Sassí and Pannún, i. 332
Sa'ta tribe, i. 311
Satbán, King of Kanauj, i. 147
Satnámís, vii. 185, 294
Sattára, siege and capture of, vii. 365,
367
Sawáí Mádhú Ráo, Peshwá, viii. 295-7.
See Mádhú Ráo
Scorpions, use of, at Nasíbín, v. 550
“Seveners,” ii. 572
Sewakpál, ii. 443
Sháh 'Álam (Prince Wálá Gauhar), viii.
240, defeated by Gházíu-d din, 172; a
refugee, ib.; besieges Patna and is
defeated, ib.; ascends the throne, ib.;
cedes Bengal to English, viii. 182;
state of his Empire, 184; devotion to
pleasure, 185; marches against Kálin-
jar, 214; defeated at Bach Pahárí,
217; at Baksar, 182, 217; insult
offered to, 243; sufferings from Ghulám
Kádir, 245
Sháh 'Álam, vii. 318. See Mu'azzam
(Prince).
Sháh Beg Arghún, i. 234, 301, 306;
capture of Thatta, i. 500; death of, 502
Sháh Begam, mother of Khusrú, vi.
108, 294
Sháh Husain Arghún, i. 312-23, v. 471,
472; takes Multán, 474
Sháh-Jahán (Prince Khurram), title
given to him, vi. 352; takes Kángra,
374; sent to the Dakhin, 376; rebels,
383, 407; takes flight, 387; arrives in
Orissa, 390, 408; defeated near Benares,
394, 413; flight back to Dakhin, ib.;
assisted by Malik Ambar, 395 be-
sieges Burhánpúr, vi. 395, 418; sub-
mits to his father, 396, 419; supports
his father against Mahábat, 397, 444;
takes Akbarnagar, 49; at Dacca, 410;
his arrangements in Bengal and Bihár,
410; obtains Rohtás, 411; journey
towards Thatta, 429, 432, 444, returns
to the Dakhin, 433, 445; starts for
the capital, 437; proclaimed king, 438;
ascends the throne, vii. 6, 137, 141,
viii. 19; death of his queen, vii. 27;
his children, 27; visit to Láhore and
Kashmír, 43, 97; goes to Kábul,
72; sends a candlestick to Mecca, 84;
builds Sháh-Jahánábád, 85; excused
the fast, 97; illness, 128, 143, 178,
213, 217; contentions of his sons,
143, 215; destroys Europeans at
Húglí, 31, 211; abolishes ceremony
of prostration, 170; prosperity during
his reign, 171; his justice, 172; put
in confinement, 226; in favour of
Dárá Shukoh, 228; correspondence
with Aurangzeb, 251; death, 275
Sháh-Jahán II., vii. 243, 255, 278, 483,
485
Sháh Kator, ii. 407
Sháh Kuli Khán Mahram, v. 450, vi. 22,
42, 52, 68, 76
Sháh Mansúr, Khwája, made díwán, v.
401, vi. 57; removed, 419, 420, 422;
hanged, 423; innocence discovered, 426
Sháh Mirza, v. 179, 201, 315-6, 330-1,
343, 366, vi. 123, 125
Sháh Muhammad Farmúlí, v. 489
Sháh Pasand Khán, viii. 145, 147, 151,
154, 272
Sháh Rukh, son of Tímúr, iii. 396;
sends embassy to India, iv. 95, 123
Sháh Rukh, grandson of Mirza Sulai-
mán, v. 392, 447, 467, vi. 91-2, 97-9,
109
Sháh Shujá', Prince, besieges Parenda,
vii. 44; declares himself king, 143,
179, 214; defeated by Dárá Shukoh,
214; prepared to support Dárá, 231;
marches against Aurangzeb, 232; de-
feated, 233; flight, 241; war against,
249; wins over Prince Muhammad,
249; retreats, 250; final disappear-
ance, 253
Sháh Tahmásp, takes and loses Kanda-
hár, v. 199; receives Humáyún, 218;
sends embassy to Akbar, 276, 342
Sháh Turkán, ii. 330
Sháh Walí Khán, viii. 275, 277, 280-1,
398, 402
Shahábu-d dín. See Muhammad Ghorí
Shahábu-d dín Ahmad, v. 261; intrigues
against Bairám Khán, 262, vi. 23;
and Atka Khán, v. 277, vi. 28; in
Gujarát, v. 430-1, 441-2, vi. 84
Shahábu-d dín (son of Kalich Khán
Nizám), vii. 302
Shahámat Jang, Nawáb, viii. 391
Sháhbáz Khán, v. 22, 410, 419, 421,
429, 457, 467, 514, vi. 37, 40, 54-6,
58, 68, 71-9
Shahriyár, Prince, vi. 423, 435-8, 450;
claims the throne, vii. 5; defeated and
blinded, viii. 19
Sháh-rukhis, iv. 233
Sháh-Jahánábád, building of, vii. 85,
viii. 10
Shai-Shá, i. 86
Shaikh 'Alaí, the pretended Mahdí, iv.
501
Shaikh 'Alí, of Kábul, iv. 70-1, 76
Shaikh Gadáí, v. 495, vi. 23
Shaikh Muhammad Ghaus, v. 495-6
Shaikh Salím Chishtí, v. 499
Shamsí Slaves, iii. 97, 99, 102, 109, 110
Shamsiya Kings, ii. 320
Shamsher Bahádur, viii. 266, 283, 400
Shamsu-d dín Altamsh, origin, ii. 320;
becomes king, 231, 237, 301, iii. 37,
391, iv. 146; receives an ambassador
from Changíz Khán and poisons him,
ii. 395, 553, 559, 563; sends an em-
bassy to Changíz, 395, 553; coins of,
484; crosses the Indus on horseback,
571
Shamsu-d dín Kaiomars made king,
iii. 39
Shamsu-d dín, King of Bengal, iii. 294-5,
304; death, 307
Shamsu-d dín Muhammad rescues Hu-
máyún, v. 113, 205; afterwards Atka
Khán, 211. See Atka Khán
Shankal, ii. 159, vi. 553
Shansabániya Sultáns, ii. 282
Shár, the title, ii. 576, iii. 65, iv. 175
Sharafu-d dín Husain, Amíru-l umará, v.
282
Sharduya caste, i. 76
Sharíru-l Mulk, i. 302
Sháyista Khán (Khán-Jahán), services,
vii. 51, 54, 115, 116, 187, 220; made
Amíru-l umará, 226; sent against
Sivají, 261; surprised by Sivají, 269
Sher-Afgan, husband of Núr Jahán, vi.
397, 402, 404
Sher Hájí, vii. 23, 26, 39, 44
Sher Khán, services, iii. 109; poisoned
by Balban, 108
Sher Khán Fuládí, v. 342, 351, 352,
432
Sher Sháh (Sher Khán Súr) favoured by
Bábar, iv. 282; extraction, 308; his
youth (as Faríd Khán), 309, et seq.
393; his revenue settlement, 312, 413;
his administration, 314, 409; quarrel
with his father, 318; obtains name of
Sher Sháh, 321, 325; attends Bábar,
329; his early designs, 330; escapes
from Bábar, 331; joins Sultán Mu-
hammad, 332; opposed by the Lo-
hánís, 333; defeats the Bengalis, 339;
obtains Chunár, 343, v. 141; pays
homage to Sultán Mahmúd, iv. 347-9;
deserts him in battle-field, 349; de-
fends Chunár, 350, v. 141, 199; and
is confirmed in it, iv. 350-1; his treat-
ment of Fath Malika, 355; wins
Bengal, 356; obtains Rohtás, 357,
360, v. 201; takes Gaur, iv. 360; comes
to terms with Humáyún, 362; breaks
with Humáyún, 363; takes Benares,
368, vi. 19; Jaunpúr, 20; his use of in-
trenchments, iv. 339, 370, 380: defeats
Humáyún at Chaunsá, 375, v. 141,
202, 203; takes Humáyún's queen
prisoner, iv. 375, v. 113, 203; assumes
royalty, iv. 377; defeats Humáyún at
Kanauj, 380, v. 130, 143, 205; pursuit
of Humáyún, iv. 387, i. 316, 317; ob-
tains Raisin, iv. 401; massacres Púran
Mal and his adherents, 402, vi. 188;
death, iv. 408; his dying regrets, v. 107;
character and habits, iv. 409; builds
New Rohtás, iv. 390, 415, v. 114; his
buildings at Dehlí, iv. 419, 476, vi.
189; roads, etc., 188; his regulations
and administration, iv. 549; army, 551
Sher Sháh, son of 'Adalí, iv. 509
Shí'as, v. 150, vi. 208
Shí'as and Sunnís, dates respecting, viii.
32
Shísh, ii. 283
Shíshániyáns, ii. 283
Shitáb Ráí, viii. 216, 228
Shujá'at Khán (Sher Sháh's), iv. 321,
333, 360, 382, 392, 394, 396, 407, 417,
425, 486; death, 489, 532
Shujá'at Khán (Akbar's), v. 267, 290,
299, 344, 361, vi. 328-330
Shujá'u-d daula, protects Wálá Gauhar,
viii. 172; succeeds to his father, 174;
defeated at Baksar, 182, 217; makes
peace with British, ib.; defeats Háfiz
Rahmat, ib.; at Mahobá and Jhánsí,
215; retires from Bach Pahárí, 217;
retreats before British, 220; makes
peace with British, ib.; attacks Cal-
cutta, 211; supports Najíb Khán,
269; joins Ahmad Abdálí, 147-8, 170;
appointed minister by Ahmad and Sháh
'Álam, 171, 173, 276-8; defeats Mah-
rattas, 269, 279; his dealings with the
Rohillas, 304—310, 422; peace with
British, 369, 407; death, 65, 67, 183;
character, 67, 395, 423
Shujáwal Khán, v. 168, 270. See
Shujá'at Khán
Shukru-llah Khán, viii. 410
Sídís of Jazíra, vii. 289; war with
Sivají, 290; take Danda Rajpúrí, 292;
351, 362
Sídí Khairiyat. See Sídís
Sídí Maula, his plot and death, iii. 144
Sídí Sambal. See Sídís
Sídí Yákút. See Sídís
Sieges, i. 248, iv. 407, v. 324, 374
Síharas Ráí, i. 138; his dominions, ib.;
fights with King of Nimroz and is
killed, 139
Síharas, son of Rásál, i. 153
Sihta, Jám, i. 268
Sihwán, siege of, i. 248
Sikandar, Jám, i. 230
Sikandar 'Alí 'Ádil Sháh, of Bíjápúr,
vii. 257, 323, 552
Sikandar Afghán, Sultán, defeats Sultán
Ibráhím, v. 243; territory under his
rule, 56; defeated by Humáyún, 237;
defeated by Akbar at Sirhind, 58, 238
Sikandar Sultán, defeated in the Siwálik,
v. 248; in Mánkot, 254; makes terms,
255; death, iv. 508, v. 255
Sikandar Khán Farmúlí, v. 109
Sikandar Khán (Akbar's reign), rebels,
v. 295, 297, 304, 307, 318-9, 323, 339
Sikandar Lodí, Sultán, anecdotes of him,
iv. 438, 452, 469; ascends the throne,
310, 444; character, 445; his regula-
tions, 447; translations made for him,
451; sons, 451; fights a battle with
Sultán Husain Sharkí, 459, v. 95;
takes Jaunpúr, iv. 310, 461; extent
of his realm, 461; takes Bihár, 462, v.
96; marches against Bengal, iv. 462, v.
94; takes Dholpúr, iv. 465, v. 97;
Gwálior, iv 466, v. 92; his nobles, iv.
471, 545, 547; his prowess, v. 3; re-
covers Jaunpúr, 93; takes Mandrail,
98; obtains Nágor, 103; anecdotes,
vi. 185; death, iv. 469
Sikandar, King of Kashmír, iii. 409,
469, 470, 518, iv. 93
Sikandar, Sultán of Bengal, iii. 307;
besieged, 308, iv. 10; makes peace,
iii. 309, iv. 10
Sikhs, account of, vii. 413; revolts, 413;
wars to repress, 423, 456, 555; capture
and execution of the Guru, 457; called
in by Játs, viii. 226; ravage the Doab,
266, 364
Silk manufactories, iii. 578
Simrú (Sumroo), viii. 220-2
Sind, Aborigines of, i. 292, 503; Bud-
dhists in, 504; ancient, 24; conquests
of, 115; ancient divisions, 138, 366;
Ráí dynasty, 405: Brahman dynasty,
409; Kings of, 215; revenues of, 458;
under the Arabs, 460, 471; under
Ghaznivides, 340; commerce in, 468;
religion in, 468; justice in, 478; con-
quest by Akbar, 240, v. 459, 461-3
Sindhia, Mahájí, numbers of his army,
viii. 400; his escape from Pánípat,
156; takes and puts to death the pre-
tender Bháo, 294; saves Raghúnáth
Ráo, 296; takes Gwálior, 296; at
Dehlí, 297; transactions with the
Rohillas, 305; defeated, 308; tortures
and executes Ghulám Kádir, 254;
alliance with Játs, 367
Sindhia Datta, viii. 241, 268, 270, 274
Sindhia Daulat Ráo, viii. 353, 369
Sindhia Jayapa, viii. 321
Sindhia Níbá,
Sindhia Nímá,
vii. 362, 408, 452
Sindhia Santájí, vii. 499
Singhár, i. 216, 217
Sipahdár Khán, vi. 250, 434, 437
Sipáh-sálár Rajab, iii. 271; his marriage,
272; death, 273
Sipihr Shukoh, vii. 221-5, 239-40, 245-6
Sír, a drink, vi. 370
Siráju-d daula, succeeds Alivardí, viii.
210, 324; attacks English at Calcutta,
211; flies from English, 211; takes
Calcutta, 324; driven out by Clive,
325; defeated at Plassy, 328, 426;
flight, capture, and death, 212-13, 330,
428
Sirhind, taken by Muhammad Ghorí, ii.
295; besieged by Pithaura, 296
Sirmor, campaign in, vii. 105
Sísákar, i. 165, 168, 171, 175, 187
Sitúnda fort, captured, vii. 25
Sivají, origin of, vii. 254; memoir of,
259; manages his father's jágír, 256;
seizes territories and acquires power,
256-8; murders Afzal Khán, 258;
defeats armies of Bíjápúr, 260; his
manners and character, 260, 305, 341;
defence against Sháyista Khán, 261;
surprises Sháyista Khán at Púna,
269; progress of his power, 271;
surrenders to Jai Singh, 272; at siege
of Bíjápúr, 278; at court of Aurang-
zeb, 276, 278; escape from Ágra, 279,
284; leaves his son at Benares, 281,
285; his conquests of forts, 286; takes
Surat, 287; his ships, 288, 290; war
with Sídís of Jazíra, 290; death, 305
Siwálik, Tímúr's campaign, iii. 460,
513; Faríd Bukhárí's campaign, vi.
125
Siwistán taken by Jám Unar, i. 224
Siyáhposhes, ii. 407, iii. 400, 480; Tí-
múr's war with, 401
Síwí, wonders of, i. 237
Slaves, prices of, iii. 196, 580
Slavery, encouraged by Fíroz, iii. 340
Sodhas, i. 217, 220, 293, 298-9, 531
Solankh Pál, Ráí, ii. 228
Solís of Persia, ii. 161
Somnát, the idol and town, i. 67, 97, ii.
525; iv. 180, 183; Mahmúd's con-
quest of, ii. 468, iv. 180; etymology,
ii. 476; idol of, how disposed of, 270,
iv. 183; Mahmúd's return from, 192,
270, iv. 183; Mahmúd's wish to stay
there, ii. 500; taken by 'Aláu-d dín,
iii. 42; idol of, 43, 163; 549, 551
Spelling of Hindí names, vii. 344
Spies of Government, iii. 101, 112, 179
Spoil, division of, iii. 377
Srídhar Hindú Bengali, v. 373, 378
Srí Hamíra, ii. 428
Stables, royal, iii. 357; great, vii. 61
Storm at Thatta, vii. 61; at Calcutta,
viii. 228-9; at Hardwar, 230
Súban, King of Bátia, i. 154
Subuktigin, origin of, ii. 266, iii. 23; his
rise, ii. 267; made king, 268; reigns
at Ghazní, iv. 159; takes Bust and
Kusdár, ii. 18, iv. 159, 161; invades
Hind, ii. 18, 22; conquests, 268;
486, vi. 569; anecdotes, ii. 180-1
Súdariá caste, i. 16
Suhail, commandant of Gwálior, v. 167;
surrenders, 493
Suhail Habshí, vi. 241
Sukhpál, ii. 443
Sulaimán, Iconoclast of Kashmír, vi. 457
Sulaimán the Khalíf, i. 439
Sulaimán Kirání, Míán, kills Sultán
Ibráhím, iv. 507, v. 245, vi. 36; obtains
great part of Bengal, iv. 509, v. 298,
vi. 35; obtains Orissa, v. 425, 511, vi.
35, 88; plots against Mun'im Khán,
vi. 36; death, v. 372, vi. 511
Sulaimán Mirza, of Badakhshán, v. 223,
224, 227, 229-32, 249, 286-7, 293, 310;
visits Akbar, 392; goes to Mecca, 396;
447-8, 455
Sulaimán Shukoh, Prince, vii. 131-2,
215, 220, 227, 229, 230, 245, 263
Sultán, common use of the word, iv. 286;
the title first given to Mahmúd, ii.
269, 480, iv. 169
Sultán 'Alí, of Kashmír, iv. 54
Sultán Khusrú Charkas, i. 287
Sultán Muhammad, vi. 186
Súmra, King of Sind, i. 216
Súmras, country of, i. 271
Súmra dynasty, i. 260, 267, 271-2, 343,
483; iii. 264-5
Sun, worship of, v. 529, 564
Sunágh, history of, i. 106
Sundar Pandí, iii. 32
Sunnís, v. 150, vi. 208
Súr, tribe, iv. 308, 430
Súraj Mal Ját, ally of Safdar Jang, viii.
133-5, 142, 208, 265, 272, 274-5,
277, 283, 317, 320-1, 362, 384
Súraj-kund, ii. 538, 543, 546, 549
Surat, besieged by Akbar, v. 344; de-
scription of, v. 346; building of the
fort, 501; taken by Sivají, vii. 287;
granted to English, viii. 202
Súrí, King of Ghor, ii. 283, iii. 65
Súrjan Ráí Hádá, v. 175, 260, 332, 493
Surkh, vi. 343
Swát, Akbar's attack on, v. 450, vi. 80
Syál Játs, ii. 422
Syálapati, ii. 421

Ta'allukdar, viii. 315
Tabarhindh, taken by Pulád, iv. 68; be-
sieged, 69; taken, 79
Táfak,
Táfan,
kingdom of, i. 4, 13, 25, 99, 360
Taghi, rebel, iii. 258, 263-4
Taghúr, Jám, i. 272
Táhiriya dirams, i. 4, 24. See Tatariya
Tahmúras, Prince, vi. 430, 437-8
Táj Khán Kirání, iv. 504, 530; minister,
v. 43; revolt and flight, iv. 506, v. 51,
110, 242, vi. 34, 199
Táj Khán Panwár, vi. 49, 51-2
Táju-d dín Yaldúz, ii. 221, 236, 239,
300-1, 323-4, 484, iv. 146
Táju-l Mulk, iv. 47, 50, 53
Ták, tribe, i. 292
Takdari tribe, i. 303
Takú Holkar. See Holkar
Tamáchí, Jám, i. 225; rebels, iii. 338;
carried to Dehlí, i. 225
Tamáchí II., Jám, succeeds to throne,
i. 227
Tánda, taken by Mun'im Khán, v. 381;
attacked by Dáúd, 397
Tankas, v. 115, 186
Tánsaní,
Tan Sen,
minstrel, v. 407, 539
Tárá Báí, vii. 367, 373, 395, 409, 465,
viii. 30
Tarangchi, plunder of, i. 295
Tarbiyat Khán, vii. 364-5, 369, 370
Tardí Beg Khán, v. 60-2, 107, 135, 196,
198, 212, 214, 231, 236-7, 245, vi.
16, 77; death, 61, 251
Tardijanbál, ii. 426
Targhí, Mughal, iii. 167, 189, 548
Tarkháns, i. 300, 320-1, 498
Tarmsharín Khán,
Tarmah Shírín Khán,
iii. 42, 450, 507,
v. 485, vi. 222
Tarsún Khán, vi. 66, 68, 71, 74
Tarsáí, ii. 164, 311
Tarsún Muhammad Khán, i. 241-2
Tarták Mughal, iii. 198, 548
Tartars, ii. 265
Tátár Khán places Fíroz on the throne,
iii. 277; in command, 296; Khán-i
'azam, 306; reproves Fíroz for tippling,
306; memoir of, 367; an author, 367
Tátár Khán, of Gujarát, vi. 11
Tátariya dirhams, i. 3, 24, 78
Tatta. See Thatta
Taxes, iii. 185, 363, 624; remitted by
Fíroz, 377; increased by Muhammad
Tughlik, v. 485; Jahángír's abolition,
vi 284, 493: remitted by Aurangzeb,
vii. 246, 293
Teeth fastened with gold wire, ii. 251
Telingána, conquered by 'Aláu-d dín,
iii. 49, 78, 202, 231-3, 550
Temples, destruction of, vii. 36, 184, 187-8
Thags, iii. 141
Thatta, foundation of, i. 273; attacked
and subdued by Sultán Fíroz, iii. 319,
330, 337, iv. 12; taken by Sháh Beg,
i. 500; plundered, 309; besieged by
Mujáhid Khán, 241; sacked and burnt
by Firingis, 276; inhabitants destroyed,
278; storm at, vii. 61
Tibet, invaded by Muhammad Bakhtiyar,
ii. 310; conquest of, vii. 62, 67, 97
Tigers, v. 329
Tihárú, ii. 310
Tihú Mughal, iii. 548
Tilak, Hindú general, ii. 125, 127, 130
Tilangas, viii. 155, 221, 228
Tímúr, expedition to Hindústán, iii. 394,
479, iv. 34; its defences, iii. 395;
passage of Indus, 408, 482, iv. 93;
island of Shahábu-d dín, iii. 410, 483,
iv. 93; defeats Khokhars, iii. 416,
485; presents 30,000 horses to Pír
Muhammad, 420, 486; takes Bhatnír,
420, 487; Sarsúti, 427, 492; punishes
the Játs, 429, 492; operations against
Dehlí, 430, 495, iv. 35; massacres
100,000 Hindús, iii. 435, 497, iv. 34,
94; defeats Sultán of Dehlí, iii. 438,
498; sacks Dehlí, 445, 502; describes
Dehlí, 447, 504; and its láths, 453;
takes Mirat, 450, 506; his battles on
the Ganges, 451, 507; number of his
forces, 454, 508; in the Siwálik, 460,
513; resolves to retire, 460, 512;
takes Nagarkot, 465, 515; Jammú,
468, 517; arrangement with King of
Kashmír, 469, 518; ransoms Láhore,
473, 520, iv. 35; hunts rhinoceros,
iii. 475, 521; return home, 474, 522;
takes Hirát, iv. 216; parts of India
held by his descendants, 233; death,
iii. 394; portrait of, vi. 320
Tímúr Sháh, son of Ahmad Abdálí, viii.
264-5, 267
Tinkatár, iv. 248
Típú Sultán, viii. 437
Titles, Royal, iii. 396, 401; of nobility,
vii. 410
Tobacco, introduction of, vi. 165; use of
prohibited, 351
Todar Mal, Rája, employed by Sher
Sháh, v. 114; notice of, 303; at
Surat, 348; in the Panjáb, 362;
settles revenues of Gujarát, 370, 371;
on service in Bengal, 371; pursues
Dáúd, 384; in action with Dáúd, 387,
pursues him, 388; opposes peace, 389;
returns to Court with spoil, 402, vi.
53; in charge of a mint, 57; his
revenue arrangements, v. 514, vi. 61;
sent to settle Gujarát, v. 403, 405, 540;
at Bhakar, i. 244; in command against
rebels in Bengal, v. 417; sent to re-
pair disaster in Afghánistán, 451, vi.
192; decline and death, v. 457, 458
Tolí Khán Mughal, ii. 381, 387
Tolls and Customs, abolished by Akbar,
v. 413; by Jahángír, vi. 390. See
Taxes
Top (gun), vi. 455-6, 465
Transit duties abolished, vi. 290
Túbras, vi. 469
Tufang, vi. 455-6
Tughán Turk-bacha, iv. 49, 52, 54
Tughlik Sháh, declared heir, iv. 17;
ascends throne, 18; murdered, 20
Tughril (of Marv), iii. 21
Tughril (the accursed), ii. 274-5, 304,
iv. 202
Tughril Turk (Balban's reign), rebellion
of, iii. 112; his death, 118
Tukkájí Holkar, viii. 227. See Holkar
Tulasi Bái, vii. 422
Túmán, punishment of, ii. 196, 511
Turas, iv. 251, 275. See Túbras
Túrkalání, viii. 334
Turk-bachas, iv. 40, 48, 49
Turkey, Sultán sends fleet to India, viii.
389
Turkí language, iv. 218, vi. 315
Turmsharín Khán. See Tarmsharín
Turks, ii. 341, 343, 360, 371, 374, 404,
iii. 65, 98, 135, 529
Túrtai, Mughal, ii. 391, 395

Údháfar, Arab army at, i. 208, 210
Udham Báí, mother of Ahmad Sháh,
viii. 113, 133, 140-1; blinded, 143,
323
Údípúr, attacked, v. 171; taken, vi. 59
Údí Sáh, ii. 238
Údi Sing, Ráná, v. 276, 324, 369
Ughúz, iii. 21
Ulghú, grandson of Changíz Khán, iii.
148
Uljaitu Khán, iii. 1, 7, 45, 51
Ulugh Khán (Balban), ii. 344; disgrace
of, 352; services, 354 et seq. See
Ghiyásu-d dín
Ulugh Khán, Mu'izzu-d dín, brother of
'Aláu-d dín, i. 225, iii. 43, 71, 74
Ulugh Khán. See Almás Beg
Ulugh Mirza, v. 179, 201, 220, 223, 315,
316, vi. 10, 17
'Umar, the Khalíf, i. 115, 415
'Umar II., Khalíf, i. 440
Umar, i. 217, 220. See Unar
'Umar Khayám, ii. 491
'Umar Súmra, i. 260-3
Umarkot, sacking of, i. 297
Ummayides, i. 422, 439
Unar, Jám, i. 224
Úndcha, taken, vii. 48
'Unsúrí, ii. 270, iv. 189
'Usmán, the Khalíf, i. 116, 418
'Usmán Afghán, of Bengal, vi. 326—
330
Ustád 'Alí Kuli, Bábar's gunner, iv. 249,
268, 270, 274, 276, 278, 284, v. 133

Vihárs, in Sind, i. 147, 148, 195
Vím, iv. 251

Wairsí Ráná, i. 290, 292
Wairsí tribe, i. 531
Wakíldar, ii. 352
Wákinkera, siege of, vii. 377-9; lost and
recovered, 390
Wálá Gauhar. See Sháh 'Álam
Walíd I., Khalíf, i. 428, 437
Walker, Admiral, viii. 327
Watts, Mr. viii. 325-7
Wazír Khán, v. 309, 310, 317, 364-9,
405, 419, vi. 67, 74, 76-9
Wealth of the nobles, iii. 347, 368, 372,
v. 536
Weights, iii. 582
Wellesley, Marquis, viii. 369, 437
Wellesley, General, viii. 369, 438
Widow-burning, restrictions on, vi. 68
Wine and spirits prohibited, iii. 180
Wiswás Ráí, with Mahratta army, viii.
145; at Dehlí, 147, 275; death, 154,
171

Yádgár, revolts in Kashmír, v. 462, 464
Yádgár Násir Mirza, v. 202—210, 220,
222, vi. 10, 13, 15; put to death, v.
220
Ya'kúb Khán Habshí, vi. 394-5, 432
Ya'kúb Khán, of Kashmír, v. 454
Ya'kúb Lais, ii. 175-6, 284, 418-9
Yamánians, i. 129
Yamínu-d daula. See Mahmúd
Yáwaghúís, iii. 21
Yazdijird, i. 419
Yazid, Khalíf, i. 425
Yazíd II., Khalíf, i. 440
Yedeh or Rain-stone, ii. 437
Yue-chi, ii. 408-9, 411
Yúsuf Khán, of Kashmír, v. 452-4, vi.
89, 100
Yúsuf Khán Rizwí, v. 374, 380
Yúsufzáí Afgháns, v. 453, vi. 80

Zábaj, King of, i. 8, 13
Zábita Khán, viii. 238, 302-5
Zafar Khán, general of 'Aláu-d dín, iii.
152, 156, 159, 165, 167-8
Zafar Khán (Dínár Khán), iii. 211;
sent to Gujarát, 214; killed, 217
Zafar Khán of Gujarát, iv. 37, 39, 41
Zafar Khán, Jahángír's minister, con-
quest of Tibet, vii. 62, 73
Zafar Khán of Sunár-gánw, iii. 303,
310-11; governor of Gujarát, 329
Zain Khán Koka, v. 447, 450-1, 456,
462, 467, vi. 67, 80, 191
Zainu-d dín, Míán, memoir of, iv. 540
Zainu-l 'Ábidín, Sultán of Kashmír, v.
465, vi. 305, 459
Zál-zar, ii. 284
Zakariya Khán, Nawáb, viii. 344
Zakya caste, i. 76
Zambúr, vi. 465
Zamíndár, viii. 315
Zamorin, vi. 467. See Sámurí
Zats. See Jats.
Zíbak Tarkhán, i. 308
Zú-l fikár Jang. See Sa'ádat Khan
Zu-l fikár Khán (Nusrat Jang), at siege
of Jinjí, vii. 348, 369, 381, 383; sup-
ports Prince A'zam, 391, 539, 540,
546; procures release of Sáhújí, 395;
in battle against Bahádur Sháh, 396-8;
543; repairs to Bahádur Sháh, titles,
401; in battle against Kám Bakhsh,
406; súbadár of the Dakhin, 408, 426;
supports Jahándár Sháh, 429, 431,
557; in office under Jahándár, 432,
558; flight after Jahándár's defeat,
438, 440; murdered, 443