| THE SECOND CLIMATE. |
| Sús al Aḳṣa |
15 |
30 |
22 |
0 |
Sús—the remote, was so named from
its situation at the extreme of Mauritania.
It was a town according to
D'Herb. at the foot of Mount Atlas and
was also called Taroudant, but Abulf.
makes the latter the capital of Sús.
It would cover the extent now known
as Morocco. |
| Lamṭah. Do
Called also Nawa. |
17 |
30 |
27 |
. |
Or Lamthounah according to D'Herb.
the large plain extending from the foot
of Mt. Atlas to Sejelmásah to the E. and
Takrúr to the S. Edrísi calls it a
town which together with Darah and
Jozoula stand on the side of the desert of
Lamthounah. The desert is evidently
the Sahara. |
| Darạh Do. |
21 |
6 |
27 |
10 |
See above. Ibn Sayd says it stands on
the river Dạrah. |
| Andaghast Do. |
25 |
. |
26 |
. |
A town in the midst of the Sahara inhabited
by Berber Moslems, the sumacy
belonging to the Sanhaja tribe.
Another account makes it a large
tract of which the capital goes by
the same name and is situated on the
mountains S. of Sejelmásah and 40
marches distant. Reinaud says the
the name is not known, but it is cited
in ancient Arab accounts and was destroyed
by the Almoravides in the 11th
century. Major Rennel supposes it to
the modern town of Aghades, N.-W. be
of the Lake Tchad. Mr. Cooley places
it N. E. of Timbuctoo. (II. I. 175.) |
| Tákhmábah |
32 |
15 |
25 |
15 |
I do not find this name. The map marks
a district and town as Tagama directly
S. of Aghades. |
| Ḳús, in Upper Egypt |
61 |
30 |
24 |
30 |
The text has ḳurs incorrectly. The ancient
Apollinopolis Parva, on the Nile
directly north of Karnak. It is described
by Yáḳúṭ as a large and flourishing
town. |
| Ikhmím Do. |
61 |
30 |
26 |
. |
A supposed corruption of the ancient
Egyptian name Chemnis, the Panopolis
of the Greeks. The Chem or Pan of this
city was an Icthyphallic god, having
been a site of Panic worship, and it was
celebrated for its temple of Perseus.
Like other old towns in the Thebaid it
declined in prosperity as Thebes rose
to importance. The rivers are said by
Donne (Smith's Geog. Dict.) to be inconsiderable,
but Yáḳúṭ speaks of Egyptian
temples filled with paintings and
statues, and strange writings, the
building of which he ascribes to Queen
Dalúkah. At a small hill to the west
of it, the ear applied to it will catch
the sound of waters and a murmur
like that of human voices. Yáḳúṭ gives
the orthography as I have written
D'Herb. has Akhmím. |
| Aḳṣur Do. |
61 |
40 |
24 |
. |
According to Yáḳúṭ, in the Thebaid on
the east bank of the Nile above Ḳús.
Preceded by the Arabic article, the
transition to Luxor is natural. |
| Isná Do. |
62 |
. |
28 |
30 |
Yáḳúṭ gives the Lon. 54° 24' and Lat. 24°
40'. The modern Esneh, the ancient
Latopolis which name was derived from
the fish Lato, the largest of the 52 species
that inhabit the Nile and which appears
in sculptures among the symbols
of the Goddess Neith, Pallas Athene,
surrounded by the oval ring of royalty
or divinity. It possessed a beautiful
temple, but except the joint of a gateway
of the reign of Tothmes II, now a
door-sill, the remains belong to the
Roman or Macedonian era. Ptolemy
Euergetes is painted on the wall of the
temple followed by a tame lion, in memory
of his benefactions and the name
of the Emperor Geta, partially erased
by his brother and murderer Caracalla,
is still legible on its walls.
Smith. Art. Latop. |
| Anṣíná Do. |
68 |
. |
28 |
. |
The ancient Antinoe, the ruins of which
are still called by the Copts Enseneh.
It was built by Hadrian in memory of
his favourite Antinous to whom divine
honours were paid as a local deity and
some chariot races in comemoration of
his death and his master's sorrow. It
occupied the site of the village of Besa
() named after the goddess
and consulted as late as the age of
Constantine. (Smith. Art. Antinoe.)
Idrísi remarks that it supplied the
magicians summoned by Pharoah to
rival or defeat Moses. Reinaud. Abulf.
II. I. 157. |
| Uswán |
66 |
. |
22 |
30 |
The ancient Syene and commonly Assouan
in the maps. I follow the orthography
of Yáḳúṭ. These different
pronunciations of the initial letter,
such as in Ikhmím and Akhmím, Laksar
and Luksạr (i. e. Alaksar or Aksar),
Ashmúm and Ashmún are caused by
the prefix to Egyptian, Greek and
Roman names, of the prosthetic alif
by the Arabs which sometimes carries
its ordinary pronunciation and at
others reproduces that of the second
vowel. Thus Ashmún was Shmoun,
and Ikhmím, Khmím naturalised by the
Arabs through the addition of their
article. Reinaud II. I. 152. |
| Mạdan-i-Zamurrad.
Emerald mine, memtoned
uuder Alanjah. |
64 |
15 |
21 |
. |
See p. 53. |
| Ṭaimá, in Syria |
67 |
15 |
25 |
40 |
Atwal Lon. 60° Lat. 30° Kánún 58° 30'
Lat. 26°, a small town between Syria and
Wadi al Kura on the road of pilgrims
from Syria and Damascus. According
to Yáḳúṭ, here was the castle of the
famous Samuel, son of Adiya, the Jew
from whose fidelity to his word has
arisen the Arabic proverb “more faithful
than Samuel” The castle of Al
Ablaḳ between the Jauf and Jebel
Shammár is celebrated in Arab story.
Chenery in his notes to the 23rd
Assembly of al Ḥaríri, narrates the
origin of the proverb. |
| Maạdan-i-Zahab
(The Gold mine).
Known as a mountain
in Yemen. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Aiḍháb |
68 |
40 |
21 |
40 |
A port on the Red Sea, near Suákin.
It is mentioned by Ibn Baṭouṭah in his
Travels, Vol. II. 160. Abulfeda calls it
the rendezvous of pilgrims and merchants
embarking for Jeddah. He
gives the Lon. 58°, Lat. 21°. |
| Alláḳi |
68 |
40 |
27 |
15 |
Mentioned under the 1st Climate. |
| Ḳnṣa?? |
69 |
. |
26 |
. |
Kosseir, a port on the Red Sea opposite
“the Brothers” on the African side. |
| Ḳaṭíf, in Baḥrein |
74 |
40 |
22 |
35 |
Well-known, on the Persian Gulf in the
province of al Ḥasá. |
| Al Yambụ |
74 |
40 |
26 |
. |
Ibn Sayd, Lon. 64°, Lat. 26°; a small town
west of Medínah in the litoral of Ḥijáz
commonly written Yembo. |
| Juḥfah, in Ḥijáz |
74 |
40 |
22 |
. |
Formerly a large village, now in ruins,
on the road to Medínah from Mecca,
four stages from the latter town.
Yáḳúṭ. |
| Medínah, the Pure, in
Ḥijáz. |
75 |
20 |
25 |
50 |
Called also Medínah the Prophetic. |
| Khaibar, in Ḥijáz. |
70 |
20 |
25 |
20 |
Well-known in Ḥijáz. |
| Juddah in Ḥijáz. |
70 |
10 |
21 |
15 |
Commonly called Jeddah. |
| Mecca the Glorious. |
70 |
. |
21 |
40 |
|
| Ṭáif, in Ḥijáz. |
70 |
30 |
21 |
20 |
|
| Furṇ ” |
70 |
30 |
26 |
. |
A large village between Mecca and Medinah,
four nights journey from the latter.
Yáḳúṭ. |
| Faid. ” |
78 |
10 |
25 |
. |
The text is in error in the minutes of
Lat. and gives an impossible figure; the
Lat. in Atwal is 26° 50, and another
authority gives 27° in Abulf. Gladwin
likewise reads 27°. Faid is in Nejd and
not in Ḥijáz. |
| Ḥajar ” |
81 |
10 |
22 |
. |
In Yemámah, and its chief city. Here
are the tombs of those who fell fighting
against the impostor Musaylimah
Abulf. Yáḳút says that it formerly
bore the name of Yemámah. |
| Island of Ṭuḳálábis, off
Ḥijáz. |
81 |
. |
27 |
12 |
Untraceable, the name reads like a corruption
from the Greek, and may be
either Sucabia now Shushuah at the
mouth of the Gulf of Aḳabah or Timagenis
the modern Mushábea. Ptolemy
places this in Lon. 66°, Lat. 29° 30' 15" |
| Island of Súli, off Ḥijáz. |
81 |
. |
25 |
15 |
See this name in the 1st Climate.
It may be the ancient Sela, off Moilah
or Muweilah on the Ḥijáz coast. |
| Lower extremity of the
Egyptian Sea, of Ḥijáz |
81 |
30 |
21 |
. |
Presumably any part that corresponds
with this location. |
| Yemámah. |
81 |
5 |
21 |
30 |
|
| Aḥsá, in Baḥrein. |
88 |
30 |
22 |
. |
The word signifies, according to Yáḳút,
water absorbed by the earth and penetrating
to hard soil where it is retained.
The sand is removed by the Arabs and
the water taken up. It also means
sand heaped over rocky ground to
which the rain percolates through the
sand. |
| The Sea of Baḥrein |
83 |
30 |
24 |
15 |
|
| The extreme point of
Baḥrein. |
84 |
20 |
25 |
15 |
|
| Maạdan i Zahab. |
67 |
15 |
21 |
5 |
See above p. 57. |
| Island of Awál. |
86 |
. |
22 |
. |
One of the islands off Baḥrein near
Ḳaṭíf at one day's sail. Two days
would be required to traverse it either
in length or breadth. It is the best of
the pearl fisheries and contains 300 villages.
Abulf. This island is not
marked in the maps under this name,
but its position in Abulfeda seems to
mark it as the I. of Sumak in the
Baḥrein Gulf. In Iṣtakhri's peculiar
geographical map, it is located as one
of 3 large islands in a sea which no
imagination can shape into the semblance
of any waterway of the world. |
| Island of Síláb. |
88 |
30 |
25 |
. |
I do not trace this name. |
| Hormuz. |
92 |
. |
25 |
. |
|
| Jíraft. |
98 |
. |
27 |
30 |
A flourishing town in Kirmán; a rendezvous
for merchants from Khurásan
and Sijistán, 4 days' march from
Hormuz. Abulf. I do not find it under
this name in Keith Johnstone. |
| Daibal. |
102 |
31 |
24 |
20 |
Or Debal. For the celebrated port in
Sind, see Cunningham. Anc. Geog. 297.
Its position is still disputed and is likely
to remain so. |
| Tíz, a town on the Makrán
coast. |
83 |
. |
24 |
5 |
|
| Bírún. in Makrán. |
84 |
30 |
24 |
5 |
This is placed by Ibn Ḥaukal between
Debal and Manṣúrah. Abulf. Reinaud
II. II. 112. |
| Manṣúrah, Sind. |
105 |
. |
26 |
40 |
The ancient Muḥammedan capital of
Sind, see Cunningham. Anc. Geog.
271. |
| The Idol (temple) of Somnát,
India. |
107 |
10 |
22 |
15 |
|
| Aḥmadábád, of Gujarát,
India. |
108 |
30 |
23 |
15 |
|
| Nahrwálah, i. e., Pattan,
Gujarát. |
92 |
5 |
28 |
30 |
See Vol. II. under Gujarát, p. 262. |
| Amarkót, birthplace of
His Majesty. |
100 |
. |
24 |
. |
|
| Mando, Capital of Málwah. |
95 |
35 |
25 |
5 |
|
| Ujjain. |
110 |
50 |
28 |
30 |
From this town was reckoned the longitude
of the Hindus. Albirúni, India,
I. 304, corrupted to Arín by the Arabs. |
| Bahroch, (Broach) |
116 |
53 |
27 |
. |
|
| Kambayat (Cambay) |
109 |
20 |
26 |
20 |
|
| Kanauj |
116 |
50 |
26 |
35 |
|
| Karrah (Korah) |
101 |
30 |
25 |
36 |
See Vol. II. under Subah of Allahábád. |
| Súrat, India |
110 |
. |
21 |
30 |
|
| Saronj ” |
114 |
59 |
27 |
22 |
|
| Ajmér ” |
111 |
5 |
26 |
. |
|
| Ḳarṭiá? ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Benares ” |
119 |
15 |
25 |
17 |
|
| Mahúrah, on both sides of
the river. |
116 |
. |
27 |
. |
Ḳanún, Lon. 104° Lat. 27° 15". Aṭwal,
Lon. 106° Lat. 27°. A town of the Brahmans
on both sides of the Ganges
between Kanauj and the Ocean. Abulf.
This is probably Mathurah, or Muthra. |
| Agra, India |
115 |
. |
26 |
43 |
|
| Fatḥpúr ” |
115 |
. |
26 |
41 |
|
| Gwálior ” |
115 |
. |
26 |
29 |
|
| Mánikpúr ” |
101 |
33 |
25 |
5 |
|
| Jaunpúr ” |
119 |
. |
26 |
36 |
|
| Sonárgáon ” |
101 |
50 |
22 |
2 |
|
| Panduá, in Bengal |
128 |
. |
25 |
. |
|
| Lakhnauti, in Bengal |
128 |
. |
26 |
30 |
The text has for . |
| Fort of Kálinjar |
116 |
30 |
25 |
. |
|
| Ajodhya |
116 |
32 |
25 |
50 |
|
| Shergír |
. |
. |
. |
|
|
| Mlaner |
121 |
31 |
26 |
16 |
The text reads Munair. I follow the I. G. |
| Ilahábás |
118 |
25 |
26 |
. |
|
| Bhílsa |
98 |
2 |
24 |
31 |
|
| Gházipúr |
104 |
5 |
25 |
32 |
|
| Hájipúr, Patna |
120 |
46 |
26 |
5 |
The text has an impossible figure for the
degrees of Lon. |
| Lakhnau |
116 |
6 |
26 |
30 |
|
| Dukam |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Daulatábád |
101 |
. |
25 |
. |
|
| Etáwah |
99 |
55 |
26 |
5 |
|
| Awadh |
116 |
25 |
26 |
55 |
|
| Deogír |
111 |
. |
25 |
. |
|
| Fatḥpúr |
100 |
50 |
25 |
55 |
|
| Dalmau |
102 |
5 |
24 |
35 |
|
| Kálampúr |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Korah |
100 |
5 |
26 |
15 |
See under Allahábád, Vol. II. |
| Usyút, Upper Egypt |
51 |
5 |
22 |
10 |
|
| Biskarah, in Mauritania. |
34 |
25 |
27 |
30 |
On the Jedi river, S. E. of Algiers. |
| Najíram |
87 |
30 |
26 |
40 |
A small town between Siráf and Baṣrah,
situate on the mountains near the sea.
Yáḳúṭ says he had often visited it.
Najíram is also said to be a quarter in
Baṣrah and Yáḳút observes that if this
be so, the town must have been named
from the quarter as it is not of itself
of such importance that a quarter
should have been named after it. Reinaud
has mistaken the sense of Yáḳút
here. Cf. Abulf. II. II, 95. |
| Najd, the region between
Ḥijáz and Ịrák |
|
|
|
|
|
| Máyah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Khalíh? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Unintelligible variants in text. |
| Yanju, capital of China |
125 |
. |
22 |
. |
Yang-tcheou, according to Reinaud. |
| Mánchu, in China |
127 |
. |
39 |
. |
|
| Narwar, in India |
98 |
5 |
25 |
33 |
|
| Chinapattan |
100 |
10 |
18 |
5 |
Chinnapattanam is marked in K. Johnstone
near and north of Seringapatam. |
| Haldárah? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Bárám? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Tibbet |
114 |
. |
27 |
30 |
This name is marked, doubtful in the text. |
| Taktábád. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Naktábád. |
| Hasábah? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Hálsar? |
| Saláyah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Salámaṭ. |
| Awilah? or Rawílah? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Tayfah? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Kashmir? |
. |
|
. |
. |
In the text and marked doubtful. |
| Kalísáh or Kalíksa |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Malíbar, i. e., Mabar |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This name has preceded in the 1st Climate
and its location given. These
repetitions are frequent among Eastern
Geographers and Reinaud notices the
laxity of Edrísi in this particular, I.
CCCXV. |
| Maḳruḳín? |
. |
|
. |
. |
|
| Nadímah? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Probably Yanbo, already preceded. |
| Baṭn Marrah |
77 |
. |
21 |
55 |
Properly Baṭn Marr. near
Mecca. |
| Ḳifṭ, Upper Egypt |
61 |
18 |
24 |
. |
Copt, or Koft, or Keft in K. Johnstone,
a short distance below Ḳús, on the
Nile. |
| Armant, Do. |
51 |
5 |
24 |
. |
Erment, the ancient Hermonthis. It
stands slightly south-west of Luxor.
In the times of the Pharoahs celebrated
for the worship of Isis, Osiris and their
son Horus. Its ruins attest its former
splendour. The Iseion was built by the
last Cleopatra and the sculptures appear
to allude to the birth of Cæsarion
the son of Cleopatra by Julius
Cæsar. v. Geog. Dict, W. Smith. |
| Island of Ḳais Arabicised
form of Kais: in the
Persian Gulf |
78 |
. |
28 |
. |
Marked as Keish or Kenn, in K. J. |
| Island of Lár in the Persian
Gulf |
88 |
30 |
25 |
. |
An island between Siráf and Kish, of
considerable size but without villages,
a pearl fishery. Dict. de la Perse.
Barbier de Meynard. This name is
not now marked on the maps. |
| Laḥsá? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| THE THIRD CLIMATE. |
| Asafi, North Africa |
2 |
. |
30 |
. |
According to Ibn Sayd. Lon. 7° and
called also Safi. It serves as the port
to Morocco from which it is 4 days'
journey distant. Abulf. It is marked
on the maps. |
| Fás, Do. |
18 |
. |
32 |
. |
Fez. |
| Island of Jarbah, Do. |
39 |
|
32 |
. |
Called Jerba in Keith Johnstone, an
island in the Gulf of Cabes (Syrtis
Minor) off the Tunis Coast. |
| Sejelmásah |
25 |
. |
31 |
30 |
Yáḳút places it 10 days' journey from
Fez to the S. According to Reinaud,
stated to be the modern Tefile by
Walkenaer. See his note and references
II. II, 189. Abulf. |
| Marákash |
21 |
. |
29 |
. |
Morocco. |
| Tádelá, Mauritania |
22 |
. |
30 |
. |
Tadla, between Morocca and Fez. |
| Telemsán |
24 |
|
33 |
40 |
Pronounced according to Reinaud Telemsén,
with the imálah, and Yáḳút,
Tenimsán. The latter says it consists
of two walled towns a stone's throw
from each other, one of which, the
modern, is called Táfirzit and the ancient,
called Aḳadír, analogous to
Fusṭáṭ and Cairo. Reinaud's references
are to Leo the African who has
given an extended notice of this town.
Notices et Extraits, t. XII. p. 662, and
the Abbí Bargés. Journ. Asiat. Tom. 41. |
| Mediterranean Coast, Mauritania |
25 |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Biskarah |
32 |
. |
30 |
35 |
This name has already occurred with a
different location in the 2nd Climate.
The name has a variant Selah, in the
text. |
| Táhart-i-Ụlya |
35 |
30 |
29 |
. |
Upper Tahart. |
| Táhart-i-Sufla |
36 |
30 |
29 |
. |
Lower Tahart; Yáḳút says that these
two towns face each other and lie 5
miles apart, and he calls the Upper the
ancient, and the Lower, the modern,
both being 6 stages distant from Misílah.
The place is subject to fogs and
cold and heavy dews and rain, and
Yáḳút in his extended notice of its situation
and history gives two assuring
instances of its proverbial character in
this respect. Its princes belonged to
the Benu Rustam. They traced their
descent directly to Bahrám the freedman
of the Caliph Othmán a descendant
of Bahrám Gor. |
| Saṭíf, Africa |
37 |
. |
31 |
. |
Saṭíf, south-west of Constantine. |
| Mesílah |
38 |
40 |
30 |
25 |
Pronounced also Emsíla. In the maps
Msila in the province of Biskarah, a
town founded by the Fatimite Caliph
Ḳáim bílláh A. H. 315 (A. D. 927) who
gave it the name of Muḥammadíyah.
Abulf. II, I. 191. |
| Bájah Do. |
39 |
5 |
31 |
. |
Situate according to Abulf. between
Bugie and Tunis, at one march distant
from Thabarca, and 5 from Kairawán.
The river Maguyla flows between it and
Bone. This fixes its position as the
Beja of Keith Johnstone, in the province
of Tunis. |
| Ḳaírawán ” |
41 |
. |
31 |
40 |
This is not to be confounded with the
ancient Cyrene as Gibbon notices has
been done by one eminent geographer. |
| Mahdíyah ” |
32 |
. |
32 |
30 |
Founded by the Mahdi Ụbaydúllah the
founder of the Fatimite Dynasty, (v.
Suyútís Hist. of the Caliphs, Jarrett,
p. 3 et. seq). It is situate on the coast
below Monaster. |
| Tunis |
42 |
30 |
38 |
31 |
|
| Lower extremity of the
Egyptian Sea, Egypt |
44 |
. |
30 |
22 |
|
| Middle of Syria |
44 |
35 |
33 |
38 |
|
| Island of Rhodes |
44 |
30 |
36 |
. |
|
| Súsah Africa |
44 |
40 |
32 |
30 |
On the Gulf of Hammamet, north-west
of Monaster. |
| Aṭrábulus ” |
44 |
. |
32 |
30 |
Tripoli. |
| Túzar ” |
46 |
30 |
29 |
. |
Province of Tunis on the Shatt Kabír. |
| Zawílah ” |
49 |
40 |
30 |
. |
In the Fezzan. This was the name also
of a quarter in the city of Mahdíyah
and of Cairo. Abulf. v. De Sacy.
Chrest. Arab. I. 495. |
| Kaṣr i-Aḥmad ” |
51 |
25 |
33 |
30 |
On the border of the Barkah country
according to Ibn Sayd, on the east of
the province of African proper. It is
but a small village serving as a store
for goods of Arab merchants. The
desert intervenes between this and
Barḳah. Abulf. |
| Barkah ” |
52 |
45 |
32 |
. |
|
| Tulmaitha |
44 |
. |
38 |
10 |
Situate at the foot of the mountains of
Cyrenaica on the sea-shore. The
ancient Ptolemais. |
| Madínah-i-Surt |
57 |
. |
31 |
. |
Sort in Keith J. is a district on the litoral
of the Gulf of Sidra, the Syrtis
Major: Abulf. quoting Ibn Sayd makes
it a town formerly one of the capital
cities of the country but destroyed by
the Arabs. The Fatimite Caliph Al
Muịzz constructed reservoirs in the
desert for use on his journeys from
Sort and Fayyúm. |
| Aḳabah, northern extremity
of Egypt. |
39 |
. |
30 |
. |
|
| Bahnasa |
61 |
32 |
28 |
35 |
This village stands on part of the site of
the ancient Oxyryuchus which received
its name from a fish of the sturgeon
species (accipenser sturio Linn.) which
was an object of religious worship.
There remain some broken columns of
the ancient city and a single Corinthian
column without leaves or volutes,
partly buried in the sand, probably of
the age of Diocletian. It became the
site of an episcopal see. Geog. Dict.
Smith. |
| Iskandariyah |
61 |
54 |
30 |
58 |
Alexandria. |
| Rashíd |
62 |
20 |
31 |
. |
Rosetta. |
| Miṣr |
63 |
. |
30 |
20 |
Cairo. |
| Dimyáṭ |
68 |
50 |
31 |
25 |
Damietta. |
| Fayyúm |
68 |
50 |
29 |
. |
The canal which connects, or connected
it with the Nile, is said by Abulf. to
have been constructed by the patriarch
Joseph, to whom a great number of
the ancient monuments have been
ascribed. This tradition does not appear,
according to Reinaud, to date till
a little preceding the commencement
of our era. |
| Ḳulzum |
66 |
30 |
29 |
30 |
Niebuhr places the ruins of the ancient
a little to the north of Suez.
v. Tab. XXIV, Descp. de l'Arab. |
| Tinnís, one of the Egyptian
isles |
64 |
30 |
30 |
40 |
An island in Lake Tinnís (Lake Menzaleh)
a little south of Port Said. |
| Ghazzah, frontier of Palestine |
66 |
10 |
32 |
. |
Gaza. |
| Arísh |
66 |
15 |
26 |
35 |
The text is in error in the name which
should be . It is on the litoral
between Palestine and Egypt and
marked by Ibn Khaldún, (Proleg. 110)
as on the extreme frontier of Egypt.
Edit. Quatremère. |
| Bait'ul Muḳaddas |
66 |
30 |
31 |
50 |
Jerusalem. |
| Ramlah |
66 |
50 |
32 |
10 |
|
| Ḳaisaríyah |
66 |
15 |
32 |
30 |
Cæsarea. |
| Ammán, a dependecy of
Balḳá |
66 |
20 |
31 |
3 |
Rabbath Ammon, the ancient capital of
the Ammonites (Deut. iii 11.). It was
besieged by Joab and taken by David
(2 Sam. xi. 1. xii. 26-31). Its destruction
denounced by Jeremiah
(xlix. 3. Ezech. xxv. 5). It was
restored by Ptolemy Philadelphus, who
gave it the name of Philadelphia.
Geog. Dict. W. Smith. |
| Asḳalán Palestine |
66 |
30 |
32 |
15 |
Ascalon. |
| Yáfá. Palestine |
66 |
15 |
32 |
40 |
Jaffa. |
| Karak |
66 |
50 |
31 |
30 |
Kerak-Moab is the district corresponding
to the country of Moab. The chief town
of the same name is marked in Keith
Johnston. |
| Ṭabaríyah of the Jordan |
68 |
15 |
32 |
5 |
Tiberias. |
| Baísan |
68 |
. |
32 |
50 |
Beth san, or Scythopolis, in the LXX.
Judges i. 27 .
It was a city of the Manassites,
locally situated in the tribe of
Issachar. In the time of Saul it was
occupied by the Philistines who after
the battle of Gilboa hung the bodies
of Saul and his sons to its walls.
Placed by Josephus at the S. extremity
of Gallilee, who calls it chief city of the
Decapolis. Ptolemy reckons it one of
the cities of Cœlesyria. Dict. Smith.
Cœlesyria is now called El Bikáạ or incorrectly
Bakáa, low-lying plains, The
name of Cœle or Hollow Syria is explained
by Avienus. |
| |
|
|
|
|
Hæc Cœle est Graio sub nomine:
namque duobus |
| |
|
|
|
|
Ut conclusa jugis vallis vice, multa
cavatur. |
| |
|
|
|
|
Ab Zephyro Casius mons imminet:
axe diei |
| |
|
|
|
|
Consurgentis item Libanus premit
arduus arva. Desc. Orbis terræ. |
| Akká, coast of Syria |
68 |
20 |
33 |
20 |
Acre. |
| Ṣúr, coast of Damascus |
68 |
35 |
32 |
40 |
Tyre. |
| Ḥajar |
68 |
30 |
28 |
30 |
This is probably Ḥajar Shughlán, a fortress
belonging to the Knights Templars,
in the mountain of Lokkám, near Antioch,
overlooking the lake of Yaghra.
Yáḳúṭ. |
| Ṣaidá, litoral of Damascus |
68 |
55 |
33 |
. |
Sidon. |
| Bạlbạk, of Damascus |
70 |
|
38 |
50 |
|
| Damascus, capital of Syria |
70 |
. |
33 |
30 |
|
| Hít, Syria, on the Euphrates |
78 |
20 |
33 |
15 |
Not in Syria (Shám) as Abul Fazl writes,
but in Arabian Iráḳ. |
| Ḥillah, in Iráḳ |
79 |
. |
. |
32 |
There are several of the name; the Ḥillah
of Bani Kailah, between Wásiṭ and
Baṣrah; the Ḥillah of Dabais b. Afíf
u'l Asadi, between Baṣrah and Ahwáz,
and the Ḥillah of Baní'l Marák near
Mausil. The Ḥillah of the text is on or
near the ruins of Babylon. |
| Kúfah, on a branch of the
Euphrates |
79 |
30 |
31 |
30 |
The ruins of this once famous town alone
are left |
| Anbár, Ịráḳ |
79 |
30 |
33 |
5 |
|
| Ụkbará do. |
79 |
30 |
33 |
30 |
On the Tigris, ten parasangs from Baghdad. |
| Baradán, on the Tigris |
79 |
50 |
33 |
30 |
In the map, near a small affluent of the
Tigris. The text has Bardán, I follow
the orthography of Yáḳút. |
| Baghdád |
80 |
. |
33 |
25 |
|
| Madáin-i-Kisra, opposite
stood the palace of the
Khusraus |
80 |
20 |
33 |
. |
The ancient Ctesiphon, described by
Strabo, as the winter residence of the
Parthian kings, and by Tacitus “sedes
imperii.” See its description in XXIV
Chap. Decline and Fall. |
| Ḥajar, of Ḥijáz |
80 |
30 |
28 |
30 |
This name occurs in the 2nd Climate
with a different location. Yáḳút mentions
three others, but of no significance. |
| Bábil, Ịráḳ |
80 |
55 |
32 |
15 |
Babylon. |
| Nuạmáníyah do. |
81 |
20 |
33 |
. |
Between Baghdad and Wásiṭ. It is the
chief town of the Upper Záb. Abulf. |
| Ḳaṣr Ibn i Hubayrah do. |
80 |
30 |
32 |
45 |
One letter () is omitted in the text
of the minutes of latitude. This town
is on the Euphrates having Karbala a
short distance directly to the west on
the desert. It takes its name from
Yazíd-b-Omar-b. Hubairah, governor
of Ịrak, in the time of Marwán al
Ḥimár. Abulf. |
| Jarjaráyá, Ịráḳ |
80 |
30 |
33 |
3 |
Near the Tigris between Baghdad and
Wásit. |
| Famu's Ṣilḥ do. |
80 |
45 |
32 |
40 |
omitted in min of Lon. On the W. of
the Tigris, 7 parasangs from Wásit.
It was here that the espousals of the
Caliph Mamún with Burán took place. |
| Jalúlá do. |
81 |
10 |
33 |
30 |
Deg. of Lat. wrongly printed in text. It
was here that Yezdajird was defeated
in 16. A. H. and fled to Rai. It is both
a town and river according to Yáḳút,
the river being named from the multitude
) of the slain. The Jalúlá is
probably the present Dyálah. See my
Transl. Hist. of the Caliphs p. 135, and
231 for the note above. |
| Wásiṭ do. |
81 |
30 |
32 |
25 |
|
| Ḥulwán do. |
82 |
55 |
34 |
. |
|
| Baṣrah do. |
84 |
. |
33 |
. |
|
| Ubullah do. |
84 |
. |
30 |
15 |
At the mouth of the Tigris canal of the
same name which leads to Bạsrah, four
miles in length. |
| Ahwáz, in Khúzistán |
85 |
. |
31 |
3 |
On the river Kárun. |
| Tustar do. |
84 |
30 |
31 |
30 |
Now Shuster. |
| Arján do. |
84 |
30 |
30 |
32 |
Or arabicised Arraján, 60 parasangs
from ´Suk u'l Ahwáz and 60 from Shiráz
and one day's march from the sea.
Meynard. Dict. de la Perse. On the
frontier of Fárs on the Khúzistán side.
Abulf. |
| Askar Mukram in Khúzistán |
84 |
35 |
31 |
15 |
Eight parasangs from Tustar. It was
called after Mukram-b-ul Mạzá despatched
by Ḥajjaj-b. Yusuf against
Khuzád-b. Bás.; his stay in this town
gave it the name of the Camp of
Mukram. Abulf.-Yáḳút. |
| Island of Suḳuṭra, off
Khúzistán |
84 |
30 |
33 |
. |
At p. 48, this is placed as a dependency
of India without mention of Lon. or
Lat. |
| Ḥiṣn i Mahdi, in Khúzistán |
85 |
15 |
30 |
15 |
According to Yáḳút and Ibn Haukal,
the waters of Tustar, Daurak and Ahwáz
unite near the fort and form a
large riveṛ that disembogues in the
sea. Azízi makes it 11 parasangs from
this to Ubulla. |
| Síníz, Persian gulf |
84 |
45* |
32 |
. |
The 5 in min. of Lon. omitted in text:—A
small town almost in ruins in the
Ahwáz, district; from this to Jannábah
the road runs along the sea coast.
Abulf. |
| Abbadán do. |
106 |
30 |
30 |
. |
At the mouth of the Tigris. |
| Rám Hurmuz, in Khúzistán |
85 |
45* |
31 |
. |
5. Omitted in text. The town is marked
in Keith Johnston. |
| Isfahán, Persia |
86 |
40 |
22 |
25 |
|
| Kázrún do. |
87 |
30 |
29 |
55 |
|
| Shúshtar do. |
86 |
20 |
21 |
30 |
This is the same as Tustar which is the
Arabic form of the name (Yáḳút). Abul
Fazl has given it a different Lon.
and Lat. to Tustar above; it is probably
a copyist's interpolation. |
| Shápúr do. |
87 |
55 |
30 |
. |
The ruins of this town above Kisht and
near Kázrún are marked in K. J. The
word is Sábúr in Yáḳút, a corruption he
says of Sháhpúr. It is also a district
and Sábúr was one, but not the largest,
of its towns. It was built by one of the
monarchs of this name of which there
were three, the captor of Valerian, (A.
D. 240.) Sapor II (310.) Sapor III
(385.) |
| Ụmán do. |
67 |
20 |
21 |
. |
No such name occurs in Faristán and
indeed no other than the east coast of
the Arabian Peninsula of which according
to Yáḳút the Long. is 34° 30',
Lat. 19° 45'. |
| Naubandaján |
107 |
55 |
30 |
10 |
According to Yáḳút a town of importance
in the district of Sábur, and said
by Ibn Faḳih to be its chief town. He
distinguishes it from the town Sháhpúr
or Sabur, but Guyard (II. II. 95. n.)
makes them the same. Yáḳút states
that Naubanján was a fort in the city
Naubandajan. The former name is
in Keith J., the latter not. |
| Jannábah known as Gandábah |
87 |
25 |
30 |
. |
In K. J. Gunáwa, on the Persian Gulf. |
| Abarḳúh in Fárs |
87 |
20 |
31 |
30 |
|
| Firozábád ” |
87 |
30 |
28 |
10 |
|
| Shiráz ” |
88 |
. |
29 |
36 |
|
| Síráf ” |
89 |
30 |
29 |
30 |
|
| Shabánkárah ” |
89 |
. |
28 |
23 |
This name does not occur in any work
I have consulted. |
| Istakhr ” |
88 |
30 |
30 |
. |
Persepolis. |
| Yezd ” |
89 |
|
32 |
. |
|
| Hiṣn Ibn Ụmárah in Fárs |
94 |
. |
30 |
20 |
According to Abulf doubtful whether
in Fárs, or Kirmán; now in ruins. The
route from ´Siráf, along the sea coast
is across wild mountains and deserts.
In ancient days said to have been
held by a chief alluded to in the
Koran Ch. XVIII. “and there was a
king behind them who took every sound
ship by force (Sale).” There have been
a great many kings who have done
the same and not all of ancient times. |
| Darábjird in Fárs |
90 |
. |
28 |
15 |
This name is derived from Daráb=Darius
and jird arabicised form of Persian Gird
circuit, enclosure, town. Dárab is the
name of the town in K. J. |
| Báfd, Kirmán |
82 |
. |
29 |
. |
Marked in K. J.: lead mines in its vicinity. |
| Sírján ” |
90 |
30 |
29 |
20 |
The text has omitted the final which
occurs in Abulf. and Ibn Haukal. Ibn
Haukal calls it the largest city of
Kirmán. |
| Kirmán |
91 |
30 |
30 |
5 |
|
| Ṭabas Kílaki, Khurásán |
92 |
. |
33 |
. |
A town in the desert between Naísabur,
Isfahán and Kirmán. It is divided in
two, one being called T. Kílaki and
the other T. Masinán, but they form
properly but one town. A celebrated
silk of this name is exported. Abulf. |
| Zarand of Kírmán |
92 |
. |
30 |
40 |
According to Ibn Haukal, it exports a
a stuff for linings known Bitánah; equiv.
Pers. ‘asṭar.’ See Dozy. Suppl. Dict.
Arab, under |
| Bardsír ” |
92 |
30 |
30 |
. |
In Abulf. Bardasir. Bardashir and Kawáshir,
between Sirján and the desert,
two marches from Sirján, the name a
contraction, it is said, of Ardeshir
(Babegán) Sec. Dict. de la Pers. 90. |
| Khabís ” |
93 |
. |
30 |
. |
Marked in K. J. |
| Bam |
94 |
8 |
28 |
30 |
One of the principal towns and has three
large mosques. Marked in K. J. |
| Ṭabas Masinán, Khurásán |
92 |
. |
33 |
. |
See above under Ṭabas Kílakí. |
| Khúwáah, desert of Sístán |
94 |
40 |
33 |
. |
Pronounced by the inhabitants khásh,
A town in Sijiatán on the left of a
traveller going towards Tustar (B??)
at one day's march from Sijistán,
watered by stream and canals and well
wooded with palm trees. Yáḳút.
This direction is obsoure and the town
is not in the maps. The Sijistán
above-mentioned must be Zaranj. |
| Zaranj, ancient town of
Sistán |
97 |
. |
32 |
30 |
Capital of Sijistán and called also by
its name. Yáḳúb-b-Leith as Saffár,
founder of the Saffaride dynasty had
a castle here. ?? Shahristán on
the Helmand, was the capital before
Zaranj but the river having changed
its course and abandoned the town,
the inhabitants left it and built Zaranj
at a distance of ?? farsakh. See these
names in the Dict??dela Pors. or in Yáḳút. |
| Kíj, of Mekrán |
99 |
. |
23 |
30 |
Prinoipal town of Mekrán and 5 days'
march from Tiz its chief port. Dict. de
la Pers. |
| Jáliḳ ” |
99 |
. |
30 |
. |
An error probably for Jáliḳán, but the
latter is placed by Yáḳút in Sijistán, and
by some authorities in the territory of
Bast. There is no Jáliḳ traceable |
| Kháltán Mekrán |
99 |
. |
28 |
30 |
Not traceable. |
| Ram |
99 |
. |
33 |
35 |
This name so occurs in Abulf. and corrected
by Reinaud to Zarom. The latter
is placed by Ibn Haukal on the borders
of Khurásán, but reckoned as belonging
to Máwarannahar. Yáḳút makes it a
small town on the road to the Oxus leading
from Tirmaz and Amol. De Slane
makes Zomm to mean a cluster of
Kurd villages. Ibn Khaldún I. 133 n. |
| Bust in the Garmsír of
Ḳandahár, on the Halmend |
100 |
. |
33 |
. |
The stages from Síjistán to Bust or Bost
are given by Ibn Haukal (Ouseley,
p. 203.) |
| Takítábád? |
101 |
5? |
33 |
. |
|
| Rukhkhaj of Sístán |
103 |
. |
32 |
50 |
In Abulf. Arrnkhkhaj with the Arabic
Art, the ancient Arachosia, comprehending
the present provinces N. E. of
Ba??, Catob, Gandáva, Ḳandabár,
Sewistán and the S. W. of Kábulistán
v. Dict. Geog. Smith. |
| Barwín, Sístán |
101 |
56 |
28 |
16 |
Abulf. and Yáḳút have Sarwán. It is
two marches from Bust. |
| Maimaud, originally of
Zabulistán, now of Ḳandahár |
102 |
40 |
33 |
20 |
This name is written Mimand in Abulf.
and Yáḳút. The min. of Lat. are
omitted or misprinted in the text. |
| Ghaznah, Zabulistan |
104 |
20 |
33 |
36 |
|
| Ribiṭ Amír |
105 |
. |
34 |
. |
Not traceable. |
| Ḳandahár |
107 |
50 |
38 |
20 |
|
| Nahlwárah, India |
108 |
20 |
28 |
30 |
See p. 59 when this is written as Nahrwalah
but with a different location.
The name was originally Anbilpúr (v.
Vol. II. p. 262) and Anc. Geog. India,
p. 320. |
| Multán India |
108 |
25 |
29 |
40 |
|
| Laháwar (Imhor) ” |
109 |
20 |
31 |
15 |
|
| Dahli (Dolhi) ” |
114 |
38 |
28 |
15 |
|
| Tánesar ” |
94 |
. |
30 |
. |
|
| Sháhábád ” |
94 |
. |
30 |
12 |
|
| Sambal ” |
105 |
30 |
28 |
35 |
This must be the Sambalaka of Ptolemy,
in Rohilkand. See McCrindle. Ptol.
p. 133. |
| Amroha ” |
95 |
15 |
29 |
. |
|
| Pánipat ” |
108 |
10 |
28 |
52 |
|
| Baran ” |
94 |
15 |
28 |
48 |
Vol. II. p. 2 6. |
| Bághphat |
94 |
30 |
28 |
12 |
Vol. II. p. 286. |
| Kol |
95 |
2 |
28 |
20 |
|
| Himálya Mons |
95 |
. |
31 |
50 |
|
| Kót Kror? |
. |
. |
21 |
. |
|
| Siálkót ” |
109 |
. |
33 |
. |
|
| Sulṭánkoṭ ” |
. |
. |
28 |
30 |
|
| Jhelam ” |
90 |
35 |
33 |
15 |
|
| Rhotás |
90 |
30 |
38 |
15 |
|
| Fort of Bandnah? |
. |
. |
33 |
10 |
|
| Parasháwar (Peahawar) ” |
83 |
40 |
38 |
28 |
|
| Farmul ” |
. |
. |
32 |
15 |
Kabul being preaumably ?? in Hindustan.
See Vol. II. p. 399. |
| Sunnám ” |
110 |
25 |
30 |
30 |
In the I. G. occurs Sunam town in Karmghar
?? of Patíala State. |
| Sírhind ” |
111 |
33 |
30 |
30 |
So spelt in every MS. |
| Rúpar ” |
93 |
40 |
31 |
. |
See Vol. II. p. 310. Súbah of Lahor for
this and following name. |
| Máchhiwárah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Páel ” |
98 |
5 |
30 |
15 |
v. Vol. II. p. 295. |
| Ludhiánah ” |
98 |
. |
30 |
55 |
|
| Salṭánpúr ” |
94 |
25 |
32 |
. |
|
| Kalánúr, where the accession
of His Majesty
took place |
|
. |
. |
. |
See Vol. I. and Emperor Akbar. Graf
Noer. p. 70 and Vol. II. p. 319. |
| Désuhah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
v. Vol. II. p. 316. |
| Parsaror, near Dera
Gházi Khán |
37 |
. |
30 |
. |
Vol. II. p. 110-320. |
| Amnábád ” |
91 |
15 |
32 |
. |
In the Sarkár of the Rechnau Doáb. II.
p. 319 where the name should be
Amná not Uminábád. The text has
for |
| Súdharah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Vol. II. p. 321. |
| D??ah? ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Dalfiah. Difhah. |
| Bhérah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Vol. II. p. 322. |
| Khuaháb ” |
84 |
20 |
33 |
20 |
Do. 323. |
| Hazúrah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 322. |
| Chandniwaṭ |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 320. |
| Aṭak, Benares, founded
by His Majesty. |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardwâr, Mangláur and
the fort of Galer? ancient
cities |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Vol. II. p. 292. |
| Charṭháwal |
94 |
. |
29 |
15 |
Vol. II p. 292. |
| Kairánah |
94 |
30 |
29 |
15 |
Do. |
| Jhinjhánah |
94 |
30 |
29 |
15 |
Do. 286. |
| Baghrah, near Muzaffarnagar |
85 |
30 |
29 |
30 |
Do. 291, where it is spelt
Baghrá. |
| Chahat ” |
90 |
. |
32 |
. |
Vol. II. p. 296. |
| Bangash ” |
87 |
5 |
38 |
15 |
I find no other name but the Tumán of
Bangash which is scarcely applicable
here. |
| Dorálah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Vol. II. p. 296. |
| Nahtaur ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 291. |
| Kethal ” |
93 |
30 |
29 |
59 |
Do. 296. |
| Rohṭak ” |
98 |
50 |
29 |
. |
Do. 287. |
| Jhajhar |
94 |
. |
28 |
15 |
Vol. II. p. 286. |
| Máhim |
93 |
20 |
28 |
58 |
Do. 243. |
| Haibatpúr |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 318. |
| Púrbi, in the Punjáb |
92 |
. |
31 |
20 |
So in the text, but Gladwin omits this
name and to Haibat adds Pati which
is its proper designation. I believe the
MS. of the text corrupt here and for
Púrbi should be read Pati and prefixed
to the name above it The form of the
entry adds to the suspicion that it is
an error. |
| Khiẓrábád ” |
94 |
15 |
30 |
20 |
The text is in error in the degree of Lon.
v. Vol. II. 296. |
| ´Saḍhúrah ” |
94 |
20 |
30 |
25 |
Do. Do. |
| Safídan ” |
98 |
15 |
29 |
25 |
Do. 287, where it is written Safidún. |
| Jínd ” |
93 |
25 |
29 |
15 |
|
| Karnál ” |
95 |
4 |
29 |
15 |
|
| Hánsi Hiṣár ” |
112 |
15 |
22 |
45 |
Do. pp. 294-295. |
| Saháranpúr ” |
94 |
15 |
30 |
. |
|
| Deoband ” |
94 |
47 |
29 |
15 |
|
| Ambálah ” |
98 |
55 |
29 |
25 |
|
| Bhúmah ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 291, where it is written
Bhúnah. |
| Hatnáwar ” |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. 104. |
| Sampat; here the reference
to India ceases |
89 |
55 |
29 |
. |
I do not find this name? |
| Ṣanjar? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Janḥah. The only approach to this
name in Abulf. is the ancient Sangarius,
the present Sakaria which flows
into the Black sea, E. of Constantinople,
called also the river of Angora
from its passing near that town; 54°
Lon. and 41°. Lat. in the Resm u'l
Mámúr. Abulf. II. 64. |
| Aghmát, extreme W. of
Mauritania |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 11° 30' Lat. 28° 50' N. of the Daren
Mts. and the capital of the country
before Morocco and S. E. of it. Abulf.
II. I. 188. Between it and Morocco
the distance was three fasahk, and 14
marches thence into Miknessa, 182. |
| Hadiyán ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Tadela. already mentioned. |
| Rạh |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Var. Rúḳah; var. Darạh mentioned
p. |
| Riyásah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Maufalúṭ, Upper Egypt |
62 |
20 |
27 |
40 |
On the Nile a little N. of Usyút. |
| Fusṭáṭ ” |
63 |
. |
30 |
10 |
|
| Abu Tíj ” |
62 |
30 |
28 |
. |
On the W. bank of the Nile in the Usyút
territory, abounding in the poppy-plant,
24 miles from Usyút and Ikhmím
Abulf. Reinaud considered the
name pronounced by the Arabs. Abu
Tíg. to be probably a corruption of
, pointing to a Greek origin. |
| Ushmúnain ” |
62 |
45 |
28 |
. |
The 4 in min. of Lat. omitted in text;
marked Eshmoom in K. J. It is in the
dual form of an Arabic noun, meaning
the two Ushmúns, so named, Reinaud
supposes, from its greater importance,
there being other towns similarly designated.
It was the ancient Hermopolis
Magna and there are still some
striking remains of its former magnificence.
The principal deities worshipped
were Typhón and Thoth. The
former represented by a hippopotamus
on which sat a hawk fighting with a
serpent. Thoth, the Greek Hermes, the
Ibis-headed god, was with his accompanying
emblem the Ibis and Cynocephalus
or ape, the most conspicuous
among the sculptures on the great
portico of the temple. This portico was
a work of Pharaonic times. v. Geog.
Dict. Smith. |
| Munyah ” |
63 |
. |
28 |
45 |
Min. of Lat. in text 5' for 45', called also
Munyat u'l Khusaib. but in K. J. as
Miniet Ebn Khaseeb. Yáḳút however
carefully points its orthography. |
| Ḳábis, Africa |
42 |
40 |
32 |
. |
Cabes in the Gulf of that name. In
Ptolemy or in the Regio
Syrtica. Pliny describes the surrounding
country as very fertile but
the harbour bad. In its neighbourhood
were warm mineral springs the
Aquæ Tacapitanæ, now El Hammat
el Khabs v. Geog. Dict. Smith. |
| Súsah, coast of Africa |
44 |
10 |
32 |
40 |
N. of Monaster, and direct S. of Tunis.
It was from here that the Moslem fleet
set sail for the expedition against Sicily.
Abulf. II. 199. |
| Safáḳus Do. |
45 |
30 |
31 |
50 |
40' Lon. omitted in text. In K. J. Sfákus,
and pronounced Sfaks. Rein. II. 200. |
| Ghadámis, in the Jaríd
country |
49 |
10 |
29 |
10 |
Or Ghudámis, on the borders of the Tripoli
and Algerian territory to the
extreme south. Yáḳút describes the
process of tanning here as incomparable,
skins becoming as soft as silk.
The Beled el Jaríd in K. J is marked
considerably above Ghudámis W. of the
Shott Kabír. |
| Nábulus, of Jordan |
67 |
30 |
32 |
10 |
Nábulus in Samaria, the ancient Neapolis
supposed to be identical with
Sichem of the Old Test. Traditions of
Jacob's well and Joseph's tomb still
survive and its connection with the
adjacent sacred Mount of Gerizim and
identification as the city of Samaria
where Philip preached, distinguish its
remarkable history. See Smith's Geog.
Dict. |
| Ṣalṭ, of Jordan |
63 |
10 |
32 |
3 |
Text has Lon. 68° for 63°. Es Salṭ or
Ramoth Gilead, but in the Geog. Dict.
the site is said to be uncertain. Eusebius
describes it as 15 miles W. of
Philadelphia. Ibid. |
| Azrạát, (the two Azrás) of
Damascus |
. |
. |
. |
. |
The name is incorrectly spelt and should
be . There are two villages of
the name in the Ghúṭah of Damascus,
both marked in K. J. |
| Ṣarkhad Do. |
70 |
20 |
32 |
15 |
A fortified town and tract near the
Ḥaurán country, according to Yáḳúṭ.
In K. J. Sulkhad or Salcah. |
| Hal? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
A note in the text considers this an error
for Ḥillah already mentioned. |
| Ḳádisíyyah, in Ịrák |
79 |
25 |
21 |
45 |
Misprint, in min. of Lat. of 5 for 45',
Cadesia with Ḥiráh and Khawarnak,
says Abulf., are all three on the borders
of the desert on the W. and Ịráḳ on the
E. This famous field determined the
fate of Persia under the Caliphate of
Omar. |
| Ṣarṣar ” |
79 |
55 |
33 |
20 |
Text; misprint of deg. of Lon. Between
Baghdad and Kúfah and at 3 parasangs
from Baghdád. There are two, an
Upper and a Lower. Abulf. II. II. 75. |
| Ḥírah ” |
79 |
27 |
31 |
30 |
The text has Khírah for Ḥirah and a
misprint of the min. of Lon. The misprints
or errors in Lat. and Lon., the
deg and min. of which are expressed in
the notation of Arabic letters, are two
frequent for further notice. They are
as often inexact as correct. Ḥírah is
one parasang from (III) Kúfah It
was the residence of the kings of Ḥíráh
of which one Mundhir-b. Imri 'l Kais
became a Christian and adorned his
capital with fine churches. Abulf. but
Caussin de Perceval (Essai. sur l'
Hist. Arab.) doubts his Christianity,
his persecution and protection of his
Christian subjects alternating according
to his caprice, II. 79. |
| Basá of Fárs |
89 |
15 |
29 |
. |
In Arabic Fasá and now so-called. The
relative noun in Arabic is Fasáwi, in
Persian Basásíri which cognomen was
given to Abu'l Hárith Arslán the Turk
whose master was of Basá. Abúlf. The
short lived success of Al Basásíri who
captured Baghdad for the Fatimite
Caliph, Al Mustansir, from Al Ḳáim
bi'amrilláhi, is briefly recounted by
Weil Gesch. der. Cal. pp. 92, 102: see
also my Hist. of the Caliphs, p. 437,
and his life in Ibn Khall. |
| Dárá |
. |
. |
. |
. |
In Abulf. this is in the 4th Climate, a
small town at the foot of Mt. Maridín
in Mesopotania. There is another of
the name in the mountains of Ṭabaristán.
Abulf. |
| Ghaznah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This has already been mentioned. |
| Tíb, in Khúzistán |
83 |
. |
32 |
. |
Between Wásiṭ and Ahwáz. Abulf. |
| Ḳurḳúb in Ahwáz, said by
some to be in Ịrák |
84 |
43 |
33 |
. |
Seven parasangs between Ḳurḳúb and
Ṭib and ten between it and ´Sús. Abulf. |
| Jubbi, Khúzistán |
84 |
35 |
30 |
50 |
Jobba in Abulf. and Jubbah in Yáḳút.
There are several of this name given by
Yáḳút; a cluster of villages between
Damascus and Baạlbak: a village in
Nahrwán; a village in the Khurásân
dist. and also a place in Egypt the
birth-place or home of the grammarian
Sibawaih. Jubbi is the relative adjective
and not the name. |
| Khansá, China |
174 |
45 |
23 |
30 |
Lon. illegible in text. This in Abulf. is
Khánkou or properly Khánfou, a port
of China on the river. According to
Guyard, Khansa is Hang-tcheon-fou,
the Kinsay of Marco polo. II. II. 122.
visited by Ibn Baṭúṭah II. 284. |
| Salá, Mauritania |
14 |
10 |
33 |
30 |
Now Salee or Sla, in K. J. on the W.
coast. |
| Samairam, near Isfahán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
In Yáḳút Sumairam, a town half-way
between Isfahán and Shiráz. |
| Bam |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Already preceded. |
| Balnán ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Balzam () |
. |
. |
. |
. |
The text suggests () Palermo, which
seems plausible as the simple omission
of the dot over the would effect the
change, but the name is in strange
company and Abulfeda places it in the
4th Climate. |
| Baiḍá, Fárs |
83 |
15 |
30 |
. |
According to Yáḳút a well-known city
called Dár Saféd the white city, Arabicised
into Baiḍa, the white, on account
of its citadel which was seen at a long
distance; Istakhri describes it, as the
largest town of the district of Istakhar
and called the white. Its Persian name
was Nasáik; it was nearly as large
as Istakhar and was 8 farsakhs from
Shiráz. |
| Jausén or Júsain ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Kínah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Jor, in Fárs |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 78° 30'. Lat. 31° according to Yáḳút
who places it at 20 farsakh from Shiráz,
pronounced by the Persians Gor. It is
said that Malik Aḍdu'd Daulah-b.
Buwaih used to make frequent excursions
of pleasure to it and the people
used to say that he had gone to ‘Gor’
i. e., the grave. The ominous sound induced
him to change the name to Firozá
bád. The original city is ascribed to
Ardeshir-b.-Bábak, who gave it the
name of Ardeshir Khurrah. Yáḳút's
notice of this town is interesting. |
| Damindán, in Kirmán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
The name of a large town in Kirmán
with mines of iron, copper, gold, silver,
sal ammoniac and tutty in a mountain
in the vicinity. This mountain is called
Dumbáwand, lofty and volcanic. It contains
a huge cave in which is heard the
sound of rushing waters. When the
vapourous smoke is thick around its
sides, the people of the town assemble
to obtain the sal ammoniac which
is deposited, of whlch ⅕ is taken by the
Sultan and the rest divided amongst
the people pro ratâ Yáḳút from Ibn u'l
Fakíh. This must not be confounded
with the mountain of Dumbáwand
on the frontiers of Rayy of which
marvellous legends are recorded by
Yáḳút. |
| Sabḳah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
I do not trace this name. |
| ṯạlabah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Ain u'sh Shams, Egypt |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. in Abulf. varying according to
different authors between 53°, 30' and
61°, 50' and Lat. between 29°, 30' and
30°, 20'; said to be the residence of Pharoah,
of which some ruins still remain,
among them the needle of Pharoah,
at half a day's journey from Cairo.
Abulf. II. 167. This is the famous
Heliopolis, with the semitic names of
Beth Shemesh and On (Gen. xli. 45.
Ezech. xxx. 17.) which may dispense
with a description. The two needles
of Pharoah were seen and described
by Abdu'l Latif in his monograph on
Egypt. Edit. Joseph White, p. 60. |
| Ain Járaḥ |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Said by Yáḳút to have been a small
village near Aleppo with which a gross
legend is connected but the position is
obscure. |
| Kadwál ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Kafarṭáb |
|
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, Long. 61°, 30' Lat. 34°, 45', placed
by Abulf. in the 4th Climate. Yáḳút
locates it in the desert between Aleppo
and Mạrrah; there are no walls and it
is dependent on rain water. |
| Kafartúthá |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Atwal Lon. 66°, 35', Lat. 37°, in the 4th
Climate in the Diyár Rabíạh. Yáḳút
places it at 5 farsakh from Dara in
Mesopotamia. Also the name of a
village in Palestine. |
| Najdah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Kawárah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Marbúṭ |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Mentioned by Yáḳút as one of the villages
of Alexandria without further
particulars. |
| Daha ? |
. |
. |
|
. |
The text suggests Dahna. |
| Daskarah, in Ịráḳ |
81 |
3 |
38 |
40 |
In the environs of Baghdad or according
to another account, a large village in
its dependency on the road to Khurásán
and called Daskarat u'l Malik;
contains marvellous ancient ruins.
Abulf. Yáḳút gives two of the name,
one a large village W. of Baghdad, and
another on the road to Khurásán near
Shahrábad and called Daskarat u'l
Malik, on account of the frequent residence
there of Harmuz son of Sapor, son
of Ardeshír, son of Bábek. Two others
are also mentioned by Yáḳút one, opposite
Jabbul, between Nuạmaníyah and
Wásiṭ and a fourth in Khúzistán. |
| Manf, Egypt |
63 |
20 |
30 |
20 |
Memphis. The text has Minf. Yáḳút
points the word Manf which is doubtless
correct, the Noph of the Old Testament.
Its antiquity is unquestionable,
but Yáḳút's authority, an undistinguished
Abdu'r Raḥmán, makes it the
first city peopled after the flood. Its
first settlers were Baisar, son of Ham,
son of Noah with his family 30 in
number, and their colony called Máfah
from a Coptic word signifying 30, and
turned by the Arabs into Manf. |
| Múrján ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Náṣarah, Palestine |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Nazareth. |
| Maghrárah or Maghráwah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| THE FOURTH CLIMATE. |
| Ṭanjah, a dependency of
Fez, on the Atlantic |
18 |
. |
35 |
. |
Tangier. |
| Kạsr i Abdu'l Karím,
Mauritania |
18 |
30 |
37 |
40 |
A town 4 marches from Ceuta, N.-W.
of Miknessa, built on the river Luccos.
The chief town of the province was
formerly Al Basra, but on its destruction,
the castle of Abdu'l Karím took
the rank of the capital and was known
as the castle of Ketáma. Abulf.
Reinaud observes in a note that Abdu'l
Karím is a branch of the Berber tribe of
Ketáma and this castle was also surnamed
Alḳaṣr al Kabír. This name is
retained in K. Johnst. as applying to
the modern town Lxor. |
| Ḳurṭubah, capital of Andalusia |
18 |
30 |
35 |
. |
Cordova. |
| Ishbilíyyah, Andalusia |
18 |
50 |
36 |
50 |
Seville. |
| Sabtah, Mauritania |
19 |
15 |
35 |
30 |
Ceuta, anciently Lepta. The deg. and
min. of Lon. are inaccurate in the text
and seem generally to have been entered
without discrimination or care
and impossible localities assigned. |
| Jazírat al Khaḍhrá, (the
Green Isle) Andalusia |
19 |
15 |
35 |
50 |
Algeciras. The epithet of the ‘isle’ was
given to it, says Ibn Sayd, from an
island in the vicinity. It is now joined
to the continent. The epithet of “the
island” is also given to Mesopotamia
and the difference by which the relative
adjectives of these localities is
distinguished is, that the former is
Aljazári, the latter Aljaziri. Abulf.
II. 347. |
| Márida, Spain |
28 |
15 |
38 |
15 |
Merida, the ancient Augusta Emerita,
built by Publius Carisius legate of
Augustus in B. C. 23, who colonised it
with the veterans of the 5th and 10th
legions whose term of service had expired
(emeriti) at the close of the Cantabrian
War. It became the capital of
Lusitania and one of the greatest cities
in Spain. Geog. Dict. |
| Ṭulaiṭulah Do. |
10 |
40 |
35 |
30 |
Toledo, the ancient Toletum, (,
Ptol.) According to an old Spanish
tradition it was founded in 540 B. C.
by Jewish colonists who named it
Toledoch, i. e., mother of people, Ibid. |
| Gharnáṭah ” |
21 |
40 |
37 |
30 |
Granada. |
| Jayyán ” |
21 |
40 |
38 |
50 |
Jaen. |
| Almaríyyah ” |
24 |
40 |
35 |
50 |
Almeria. |
| Medínatu'l Farj ” |
25 |
. |
36 |
40 |
Now Guadalajara, Wáda'l Hajárah the
river of stones, Amnis lapidum of Rodericus
Toletanus. Gayangos. Mahom.
Dyn in Spain, I. 319. The name in the
text signifies the ‘city of the opening
or gap’ which Reinaud supposes to
convey the meaning of frontier city.
This meaning of as equivalent to
is borne out by Belazuri v. Gildemeister.
De Reb. Indicis, p. 37. |
| Málaḳah ” |
26 |
. |
37 |
30 |
Malaga, the ancient Malaca of which
Avienus says. |
| |
|
|
|
|
Malachæqueflumen, urbe cum cognomine,
Menace priore quæ vocata est seculo.
Oræ Mar. 426–7. |
| |
|
|
|
|
In the second line he is in error as
Mænaca is the modern Almuñecar, in
Arabic Munaḳḳab. |
| Mánạh, var Maltah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Gladwin has here Malta, with the degrees
of Lon. and Lat. which are absent from
the text; perhaps a misscript for
Minorca (). |
| Island of Yábisah, Mediterranean |
36 |
62 |
38 |
30 |
Iviza, anciently Ebusas. |
| Island of Mayurḳah, Mediterranean |
34 |
7 |
38 |
30 |
Majorca, ” Balearis Major. |
| Búnah, Africa |
28 |
. |
28 |
50 |
The modern Bona on the coast of Constantine
prov. in the vicinity of the ancient
Hippo Regius. |
| Island of Sardániyah,
Africa, Mediterranean. |
41 |
. |
88 |
. |
|
| Capital of the Island of
Sicily |
45 |
|
38 |
10 |
Palermo. |
| Balraghdámis, Mediterranean |
49 |
10 |
39 |
10 |
Barghademá is the nearest approach
to the name in Abulf. but the Lat. is
57° and Reinaud considers the country
between the Oder and Dnieper to be
meant, but the text mentions it in the
Mediterranean. |
| Island of Shámus, Mediterranean |
52 |
40 |
38 |
10 |
Samos. |
| ” Iḳríṭish ” |
55 |
. |
36 |
40 |
Crete. |
| ” Ḳubrus ” |
62 |
15 |
34 |
|
Cyprus. |
| ” Rúdis ” |
61 |
40 |
36 |
. |
Rhodes, mentioned elsewhere with a
different deg. long. i. e., 44°. |
| ” Hamaríyá ” |
64 |
15 |
38 |
35 |
I suspect this to be Morea; in Abulf.
Lamoreya but the location does not
correspond as to Lat. and Lon. |
| ” Saḳliyah ” |
65 |
. |
36 |
. |
Sicily. Thus in the text but according to
Yáḳút, the orthography is Siḳillíyyah. |
| Atheníyah, the city of
philosophers, Greece |
63 |
40 |
57 |
20 |
|
| Jarún |
66 |
30 |
30 |
35 |
An old castle in ruins opposite Constantinople.
Reinaud gives its Lon. 50° and
Lat. 45° and writes the name Aljeroun,
suggesting a better reading, Aljedoun,
by which Chalcedon would be implied,
II. 39, Guyard doubts whether the Arabic
article before Jarún is admissible
(II. II. 142) and his objection is well
founded. |
| Ṭarsús |
68 |
40 |
35 |
50 |
|
| Bayrút, Asia Minor |
69 |
30 |
34 |
. |
|
| Ayás, Armenia |
69 |
. |
36 |
40 |
In the Gulf of Iskanderún. |
| Aḍanah Do. |
69 |
. |
36 |
50 |
|
| Maṣiṣah Do. |
69 |
15 |
36 |
45 |
The ancient Mopsuestia. |
| Bars Birt Do. |
69 |
23 |
37 |
. |
One march N of Sís between little
Armenia and Carmania. A strong
citadel on a hill commanding the
country. |
| Aṭrabolos, Syria |
69 |
40 |
34 |
. |
Tripoli. |
| Baghrás Do. |
70 |
. |
35 |
43 |
The ancient Pagræ near the Syrian
gates on the Syrian side of the Pass.
Through these gates the
of Arrian, Alexander passed and
recrossed turning back to meet Darius
at Issus. Arr. I. VI. VIII. |
| Báb Siḳandarúnah ” |
70 |
. |
36 |
10 |
Alexandretta or Iskanderún. |
| Ládhakíyyah ” |
70 |
40 |
35 |
15 |
Latákia. |
| Ḥimṣ ” |
70 |
15 |
34 |
20 |
Hems. |
| Shughr Bakás ” |
71 |
. |
35 |
30 |
Two strong fortresses within a bow shot
of each other, half way between Antioch
and Fámyah. The former name
occurs in K. J. supposed to have been
Seleucia ad Belum. |
| Suwáidíyyah ” |
71 |
|
36 |
. |
The ancient Seleucia. |
| Malíṭiyyah ” |
71 |
. |
37 |
. |
Properly Malaṭyah, according to Yáḳút
and is in Asia Minor not Syria proper. |
| Shaizar |
71 |
10 |
34 |
50 |
A corruption of () or
Cæsarea Phillipi. In his remarks on
Hámáth, Shaizar is said by Abulf. to be
remarkable for the number of its
norias. |
| Anṭákiah, on the Roman
frontier |
71 |
26 |
35 |
40 |
Antioch. |
| Sarmín, dependency of
Aleppo |
71 |
50 |
35 |
50 |
One march south of Aleppo between it
and Maạrrah. |
| Ḳinnasrín |
72 |
. |
35 |
30 |
|
| Ḥalab, one of the chief
cities of Syria |
72 |
10 |
35 |
8 |
Aleppo. |
| Sumaisáṭ, Syria |
72 |
15 |
37 |
30 |
Anciently Samosata. |
| Hiṣn Manṣúr Do. |
72 |
25 |
37 |
. |
Near Sumaisát, named from Manṣúr-b.-Jạunah-b.
al Hárith al Aámiri to whom
was intrusted its construction under
Marwán, the Ass. |
| Sarúj ” |
72 |
40 |
36 |
3 |
In Mesopotamia, now in ruins, in the
environs of Ḥarrán: it is marked in
K. J. |
| Mambij |
72 |
50 |
36 |
30 |
Hierapolis, a name given by Seleucus
Nicator in substitution of Bambyce
() as it was called by the
natives, being the chief seat of the
worship of the Syrian goddess Astarte.
It is the Mabog of Plimy. See its hist.
in Smith's Geog. Dict. |
| Raḳḳah, Diyár Muḍar |
73 |
. |
36 |
. |
After the great inundation of Arim,
famous in Arabian history, which is
assigned to a period shortly after the
death of Alexander the Great, eight
tribes were forced to abandon their
homes, from some of which arose the
kingdoms of Ghassán and Híra. About
this time also occurred the migration
of colonies led by into Mesopotamia
by Bakr, Muḍhar and Rabíạh, the
eponymous chiefs of the three provinces
still named after them, Diyár Bakr,
Diyár Muḍhar and Diyár Rabíạh. See
Sale. Prel. Dis. 7. |
| Ḥarrán ” |
73 |
. |
37 |
40 |
Anciently Carrhæ, the Haran or Charran
of Genesis; xi. 31. xxiv. 10. v. Geog.
Dict. |
| Ḳáliḳalá, Armenia |
73 |
45 |
38 |
. |
In the text 8. for 38. Lat. and Lon. 5'
for 45'. In Diyár Bakr; Guyard (II.
II. 54) says that it also bears the name
of Arzan, not to be confounded with
Arzan u'r Rúm or Erzeroum. |
| Márdín, Diyár Rabíạh |
74 |
. |
37 |
50 |
|
| Mayyá Fáriḳín Diyár Bakr |
74 |
15 |
38 |
. |
The capital of Diyár Bakr. Here is the
tomb of Saifu'ddoulah-b.-Ḥamdán. |
| Hattákh ” |
74 |
30 |
37 |
45 |
Close to Mayyá Fáriḳín. Yáḳút. |
| Ḳarḳísiyá ” Muḍhar |
74 |
40 |
36 |
. |
The ancient Circesium, situated on the
Euphrates and Khábúr, near Raḳḳah.
Marked in K. J. |
| Jazírah, Ibn Omar, Mesopatamia |
75 |
30 |
37 |
30 |
Marked in K. J. |
| Naṣíbín, Diyár Rabíạh |
75 |
20 |
37 |
40 |
The capital of Diyar Rabíạh. Its roses
have the peculiarity of being white,
no red roses are found there. Ibn
Baṭnṭah quotes Abu Nawás in praise of
it and is himself of his opinion. Another
poet finds the place sickly and
quotes the pallor of its roses in proof.
Vol. II. 141, Travels. |
| Makisín, Mesopotamia |
75 |
32 |
35 |
. |
On the Khábúr, 7 parasangs from Ḳarḳísiyah
and 22 to Sinjar. Abulf. |
| Sinjár, Diyar Rabíạh |
76 |
. |
36 |
. |
|
| Maạrrat u'n Nụamán, Syria |
71 |
44 |
35 |
. |
The name is from Nuạmán-b.-Bashír a
companion of Muḥammad, who died
while his father was Governor of
Emesa and was here buried. It had
been previously named Dhát u'l Ḳuṣúr,
“possessing palaces,” and it is also said
that Nuạmán is the name of a mountain
overlooking it. Ibn Baṭuṭah, I. 144. |
| Irbil, a large city with a
strong fortress, a dependency
of Mausil |
69 |
30 |
30 |
8 |
Arbila, now Erbil, Yáḳút gives the Lon.
69°, 30' Lat. 35° 30', describes it as a
large city with a strong fortress two
days' march from Mausil of which it is
a dependency. This name must be pronounced
Irbil and not Arbil which he
says is not admissible. |
| Aánah, Mesopotamia |
76 |
30 |
34 |
. |
|
| Madínah i Balad, Diyár
Rabiạh |
76 |
40 |
37 |
30 |
A small town on the W. of the Tigris, 6
parasangs from Mausil, Abulf. It is
commonly written Balad, simply. |
| Mausil, Mesopotamia |
76 |
. |
36 |
50 |
Mosal in the maps. |
| Arjísh, Armenia |
76 |
. |
38 |
30 |
A fortress situated on the N. of the Lake
of Van identified with the ancient
Arsene. |
| Ḥadíthah, on the
Euphrates |
77 |
20 |
38 |
35 |
There are two of the name. (New
Town) one in Mesopotamia below
Aánah and another of Mauṣil. The
former is here meant. (It is marked
in K. J.) The latter follows. |
| A´mid, Diyár Bakr |
77 |
20 |
36 |
12 |
The present town of Diyár Bakr. |
| Ḥadíthah, on the Tigris |
77 |
20 |
86 |
15 |
|
| Naushahr, Ịráḳ |
71 |
30 |
36 |
35 |
This is a Persian name, synonymous with
Hadíthah. (Villenenve) but I do not
trace it in Abulf. or Yáḳút. |
| Tikrít, Mesopotamia |
71 |
25 |
34 |
30 |
|
| Sámarrâ, Ịráḳ |
79 |
. |
84 |
. |
Originally Surraman ráa, viz., “rejoiceth
him that seeth it,” built by the Caliph
Al Muạtasim-b'illáhi in 218. A. H.,
(A. D. 833) see my Hist. of the Caliphs
for its origin, 330. |
| Salmás, A´zarbíján |
72 |
. |
37 |
40 |
Situated on the extreme W. of A´zarbíján
at 7 parasangs from Khowayy.
Abulf. |
| Khowayy, A´zarbíján |
79 |
42 |
37 |
40 |
12 parasangs N.-W. of Marand; 21 miles
from Salmás. |
| Urmíyyah Do. |
29 |
45 |
37 |
|
Or Urmíyah, on the borders of the lake
of the same name. |
| Irbil, capital of Shahrazúr |
78 |
. |
39 |
20 |
The district or hill country called by the
geographers Jabal, is part of Persian
Ịráḳ, and according to Ibn Ḥaukal is
its distinguishing feature. The inhabitants
are all Kurds. Shahrazúz according
to Yáḳút is a large town in the
mountains between Irbil and Hamadán,
the chief of a cluster of towns and
villages comprised under the same
name. (See also Ibn Khaldún, De Slane
I. 145.) This is certainly the same
town as the Irbil mentioned a little
above, viz., Arbela, which has been
inadvertently entered twice. I account
for the difference in Lon. between the
two by Abul Fazl's confusing the first
meridians, taking the Fortunate Isles
in one instance and the W. coast of
Africa in the other. Abulf. gives Lon.
69°, 50' Lat. 36°, 20' which is approximately
that of Abul Fazl's first mentioned
Irbil. |
| Marand, A´zarbíján |
80 |
43 |
37 |
50 |
N. E. of Tabríz, the ancient Maranda. |
| Shahrazúr, one of the
towns of the Jabal |
80 |
20 |
35 |
30 |
The town was named after Zúr-b.-Zohák
who founded it. Yáḳút. |
| Ardabíl, A´zarbíján |
80 |
30 |
38 |
. |
Yáḳút visited it in A. H. 617 (A. D.
1220) and remarks the extraordinary
fact, that notwithstanding its good air
and many streams, not a fruit tree was
to be seen in or near it in the plain on
which it stands. Fruit has to be brought
from a day's journey the other side of
the hills and no fruit tree will thrive
there. According to the Ḳánún the
Lon. is 73° 50', and the Aṭwál 72° 30',
and both make the Lat. 38°. |
| Auján, A´zarbíján |
81 |
30 |
37 |
20 |
A small town of little importance, and
little noticed by Abulf. In the Dict.
de la Perse it is said to have received
from Ghazán Khán the name of the city
of Islám. |
| Nakhchuwán, in Arrán |
81 |
45 |
37 |
49 |
Yáḳút permits two spellings of this name
and . Anciently Ṇaxuana
on the N. bank of Araxes. In Armenian
tradition it is connected with
the first habitation of Noah and his
landing from the ark. Geog. Dict. |
| Kaṣr-Shírín, A´zarbíján |
81 |
50 |
36 |
40 |
Near Ḳirmísín, between Hamadán and
Hulwán on in Baghdad road. It was
named after the beautiful Shírín wife
or mistress of Khusrau Parwíz. The
legend of its building is told by Yáḳút
who says that this monarch was famed
for three incomparable treasures, his
horse Shabdíz, his mistress Shírín and
his minstrel Balahbaḍ. |
| Ṣaimarah, in the Jabal
district |
81 |
50 |
34 |
40 |
See under Shahrazúr for Jabal. |
| Marághah, A´zarbíján |
82 |
. |
37 |
20 |
The name of this town was originally
Afráz Haroz. The army of Marwán,
Governor of Armenia and A´zarbíján
under Hishám the Umayyad Caliph
here encamped in one of his expeditions.
The stable litter of the cavalry
and beasts of burden covered the plain
and the animals constantly rolling
themselves about in it (tamarrugh,
), it received the name of the
“village of Marághah” and subsequently
Marághah only, (Yáḳút.) Its
chief fame is derived from its connection
with the famous astronomer Nasíru'ddín
Ṭúsi to whom this town was
assigned by Hulaku for his observations,
and Abulfeda notices a hill outside the
city where Naṣíru'ddín used to observe
the stars. |
| Tabríz, A´zarbíján |
82 |
. |
37 |
|
Tauris, the seat of the royal residence
of the Tartar dynasty of Hulagu till its
transfer to Sulṭániyyah the new capital
founded by Khudábandah. Abulf.
See its history in D Herbelot. |
| Ardabíl, A´zarbíján |
82 |
25 |
37 |
20 |
A note to the text says that this name
occurs twice in every MS. and that
here Dabíl in Armenia is probably
meant. Abulfeda gives the Lon. 72°
40', Lat. 38° (Kanún) and Lon. 70° 20',
Lat. 37° 25' (Aṭwal) and calls it the
capital of Interior Armenia. |
| Mayánah, A´zarbíján |
82 |
30 |
37 |
. |
Two days' march from Marághah, in K.
J. Miana. |
| Kirmísín, or Kirmán Sháh
in the Jabal dist. |
83 |
. |
34 |
30 |
Kermánsháh in K. J. |
| Dainawar Do. |
83 |
. |
35 |
. |
In Yáḳút Dínawar, N.-W. of Hamadán,
near Kirmísín. It is placed by the
anthor of the Azízi at 40 parasangs
from Mausil, 10 from the source of the
Záb. and 40 from Marágháh. |
| Hamaḍán, Mah u'l Baṣrah |
83 |
. |
36 |
. |
Hamaḍán (or dán) with its districts
formed what was called the Máh of
Baṣrah, as Dínawar and its dist. formed
the Máh of Kúfah. The word Máh
() is derived from the same name
as Media (Máda) according to Lagarde
and Olshausen (Guyard II. II. p. 163,
n.) and employed by geographers in
the sense of province. In the Dict.
de la Perse, (v. Máh Dinár) the word
is the Persian ‘Moon’ given to many
towns and countries on account of its
influence on their fertility, a derivatien
given by Yáḳút under Máh Dinár
and evidently fictitious. Zamakshari
has a simpler explanation. The people
of Baṣrah, he says, call a town ‘Máh’
and they employ Mah u'l Baṣrah, Máh
u'l Kúfah, as they would use Ḳaṣabatu'l
Baṣrah, &c. The grammatical
niceties of inflection connected with
this construction are too long to transcribe
(v. (). Hamadán with
Naháwand and Ḳumm form the Máh
u'l Baṣrah. |
| Zanján, Jabal. dist. |
83 |
. |
36 |
30 |
The most northern of the Jabal villages,
on the borders of A´zarbíján. |
| Múḳán, borders of Arrán |
83 |
. |
38 |
. |
Two marches distant from Derbend according
to Ibn Ḥauḳal, but Abulfeda
states that the town exists no longer
and the name is applied to a tract of
country bordering the Caspian, visited
as winter quarters by Tartar hordes. |
| Sohraward, Jabal dist. |
83 |
20 |
36 |
. |
Near Zanján, a little town inhabited by
Kurds, Abulf. |
| Nuháwand, Máhu'l Baṣrah,
Jabal. dist. |
83 |
15 |
34 |
20 |
According to Yáḳút, Naháwand or Niháwand.
Its situation is well known,
its idle derivation from Noah (Núh
Awánd) may be read in the extract
from Yáḳút in the Dict. de la Perse. |
| Bímánshahr, of Hamadán |
84 |
30 |
37 |
30 |
A mere village. Abulf. |
| Burújird, Do. |
84 |
30 |
36 |
20 |
18 parasangs from Hamadán on the
Jabal dist., produces saffron. Abulf. |
| Abhar, Jabal. dist. |
84 |
30 |
36 |
55 |
The text has incorrectly Ubhar. Yáḳúṭ
correctly places it between Ḳazwín
and Zanján and Hamadán, the latter
forming the apex of the triangle of
which the base is Ḳazwín and Zanján,
almost equally bisected by Abhar. It
is said to be called Auhar by the Persians
and a fanciful derivation given
of Ab. water and ‘har’ a millstone,
which latter signification I do not any
where find. v. Dict. de la Perse. |
| Kautam, Gílán |
84 |
40 |
37 |
20 |
At one day's march from the sea, said
to have been a considerable town, but
it is not marked in the map. |
| Karaj, Jabal. dist. |
74 |
45 |
34 |
. |
The text has erroneously for in the
Lon. It is a town half way between
Hamadán and Iṣfahán—called also
Karaj-i-Abi Dulaf, having been founded
by this general of the Caliph al Mamún.
Abulf. Yáḳút. |
| Sáwah, Do. |
85 |
. |
36 |
15 |
Situate W. of Rayy, and S. of Tálaḳán,
and 12 parasangs from Ḳumm. |
| Ḳazwín, Do. |
85 |
. |
36 |
30 |
|
| Sultáníyyah, Do. |
85 |
. |
36 |
30 |
In A´zarbíján. Its ruins are marked on
K. J. It is immediately south of
Zanján, a town founded by Khudabandah
son of Arghún, 12th of the
Ilkhán dynasty D'Herbelot. art.
Al Giaptu and Ibn Baṭúṭah. II. 114
Abulf. places it in the 5th Climate. |
| A´bah or A´wah, Jabal. dist. |
85 |
10 |
34 |
40 |
In K. J. Avah, at the foot of the Karaghan
Mts. 27 parasangs north-east of
Hamadán. |
| Ḳumm Do. |
84 |
40 |
34 |
45 |
Kúm in K. J. directly S. of Teherán.
The inhabitants are all Shíạhs and
Yáḳút amusingly describes the attempt
of a Sunni Governor to find any one
named Abu Bakr in the whole town.
A wretched tatterdemalion was at
length produced after a long search
as the only specimen the climate could
grow of that name. |
| Jarbádḳán Do. |
85 |
35 |
34 |
. |
Between Karaj and Hamadán. There
is another of the name between Astarábád
and Jurján. |
| Káshán Do. |
86 |
12 |
36 |
. |
A smaller town than Ḳumm and in its
vicinity Its houses mostly constructed
of mud and their inhabitants Shíạhs.
Abulf. |
| Naṭanz Do. |
86 |
30 |
38 |
13 |
A small town 20 parasangs from Isfahán.
Abulf. |
| Dumbáwand Do |
86 |
20 |
35 |
35 |
Demavend in K. J. It marks the frontier
of Rayy. |
| Rayy Do. |
86 |
20 |
35 |
53 |
The ancient Rhágæ. |
| Kálár, in Dailam |
8 |
50 |
36 |
35 |
With Kalár is coupled in the text
a corrupt name, perhaps, a misscript for
Salous from which it is only a march
distant. Kálár is a town S. E. of
Lahaján, which is S. E. of Resht. |
| Khuwár, Jabal dist. |
87 |
10 |
35 |
40 |
A dependency of Rayy between that
town and Simnán. |
| Ṭálaḳán |
85 |
45 |
36 |
30 |
Between Ḳazwín and Abhar, not to be
confounded with the Ṭálaḳán of Khurásán. |
| Hausam, Gílán |
85 |
10 |
37 |
10 |
In the Jabal district beyond Ṭabaristán
and Dailam is all the information in
Yáḳút. |
| Dailamán (Iṣfahán) |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Yáḳút describes it as one of the villages
of Iṣfahán in the Jurján territory. |
| Dasht (Do.) |
. |
. |
. |
. |
A village of the Iṣfahán district—also
a small town in the mountains between
Irbil and Tabríz populated by
Kurds. Yàḳút. |
| Lahaján, Gilán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, Lon. 74° Lat. 36°, 15'. |
| Wímah, town of Dumbáwand. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. ” 77°, 20' ” 36°, 10'. Ḳánún,
Lon. 76°, 35' Lat. 36°, 20'. A small
town between Rayy and Ṭabaristán.
Abulf. |
| A´mul, Ṭabaristán |
. |
. |
|
. |
Aṭwál, Lon. 77° 20' Lat. 36°, 35'. Capital
of Ṭabaristán. |
| Dámaghán, Kúmis |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, 78° 55' Lat. 36°, 20'. The largest
of the towns in Ḳúmis territory according
to Ibn Ḥauḳal called by Yáḳút. |
| Simnán, Capital of Ḳúmis |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, Lon. 78°. Lat. 36°. Ḳánún Lon.
79°. Lat. 36°. |
| Biyár, Mázandarán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
A picturesque town between Baihaḳ
and Bisṭám, two days' march from the
latter. Dict de la Perse. |
| Sári, Do. |
88 |
. |
37 |
. |
Also written and more commonly Sáriyah,
its derivation from “Travelling
by night” according to Yáḳút
but the reason is not evident. It lies
3 parasangs from the sea and 18 from
A´mul. |
| Bisṭám, Ḳúmis |
89 |
30 |
36 |
10 |
According to Guyard, properly Basṭám
and vulgarly Bisṭám; but Yáḳút gives
only the latter orthography. He adds
that its apples known as Bisṭámi are
beautiful and ruddy and are sent to Ịráḳ.
It is celebrated also for two characteristics
and fatal to two disorders which
have little in common except blindness,
namely, love and opthalmia. A lover is
said to have been unknown and a
draught of its waters is sufficient to still
the ardour of any unsuspecting visitor.
But romance is not a necessity of
existence and the continuity of the
population is not affected. Taken fasting,
for a , the bitterness
of the water is likewise salutary,
and effectual when used medicinally
against hemorrhoids. The town deserves
to be recommended as an excellent
Spa. |
| Astarábad, Mázandarán |
89 |
35 |
36 |
50 |
|
| Jurján, Capital of its province. |
90 |
. |
36 |
50 |
Its ruins alone are marked in K. J. |
| Furáwah, Khurásán |
90 |
. |
39 |
. |
On the frontier of Khwárizm; it is called
Ribát Furáwah, a fort constructed by
Abdu'llah b. Ṭáhir in the Caliphate of
Mamún. Abulf. |
| Sabzawár |
91 |
30 |
36 |
15 |
The chief town of the canton of Baihaḳ
a position previously held by the town
of Khusraujird. |
| Isfaráin or Mihrján, Khurásán |
91 |
40 |
36 |
55 |
In the environs of Naisábúr half way to
Jurján. The name of Mihrján is said to
have been given to it by Khusran Kubád,
father of Nushirwán, on account
of the beauty of its climate and the
freshness of its air. (Abulf.) Abu'l Ḳásim
al Baihaḳi according to Yáḳút, says
that the ancient form of the name was
Isbaráin, from isbar, a buckler, and
Aín custom, on account of the traditional
usage of this weapon of defence
from the time of Isfandiyár. |
| Abaskún, Mázandarán |
89 |
55 |
37 |
10 |
The text has Abisgún, I follow the safer
direction of Yáḳút; situated on the
borders of the Caspian; 24 parasangs
from Jurján. |
| Mazínán, frontier of Khurásán |
90 |
35 |
36 |
. |
On the extreme frontier of Khurásán
bordering on Ịráḳ. |
| Turshíz |
90 |
15 |
35 |
. |
The text has turned the Lon. into a
series of 3 figures and marked the town
as unknown. A reference to Yáḳút
would have shown that Turshísh or Ṭuraithíth,
celebrated for its savants and
devotees, is a town and district dependent
on Naisábúr. The Persian orthography
of the name is correctly represented
in the text, (v. Dict. de la Perse.
390. n.) In the Zínat-u'l Majális, it is
said that in one of its boroughs called
Kashmír, is a cypress celebrated for its
beauty and height and said to have
been planted by Gushtasp the sage,
and alluded to by Firdausi in his Sháh
Námah, (Mohl. t. IV, p. 364). It was
uprooted by the order, it is said, of the
Abbaside Mutawakkil, who was certainly
capable of the barbarity. |
| Naishábúr, one of the chief
cities of Khurásán |
92 |
30 |
36 |
20 |
One figure too many in the Lon. Yáḳút
writes Naisábúr-vulg. Nasháúr. |
| Ṭús, Khurásán |
92 |
30 |
34 |
20 |
|
| Mashhad, it adjoins Núḳán |
92 |
33 |
34 |
29 |
Known as Meshed. It stands on the
ruins of Nauḳan and takes its name
from the Mausoleum (Mashhad) of Ali,
son of Músa ar Ridha, and is too well-known
for description. |
| Tún |
92 |
30 |
34 |
30 |
Town of Kohistán near Ḳáin. Dict. de la
Perse. |
| Núḳán, not the Nauḳán of
Mashhad |
92 |
. |
38 |
. |
The Lon. of both this and the preceding
are misprinted in the text, this must
be the Nuḳán in the environs of Naisábúr. |
| Ḳáin, Khurásán |
93 |
20 |
37 |
30 |
The capital of Ḳohistan. Kayn in K. J. |
| Zúzan, Ḳohistán |
93 |
30 |
35 |
20 |
Between Herát and Naisabur. |
| Buzján, Khurásán |
94 |
. |
36 |
. |
A small town 4 marches from Naisábúr. |
| Marw, Sháhjahán, Do. |
94 |
20 |
37 |
40 |
I refer the reader to the Dict. de la
Perse for the lengthy extract from
Yáḳút of this celebrated town, destined
perhaps to become more celebrated
under another Tartar invasion more
permanent than those that preceded
it. Its fevers, dysenteries, guineaworm
and its horseflies detract from its
convenience as a residence. Yáḳút had
it not been for the devastations of the
Tartar, would willingly have spent his
days there. |
| Herát, Khurásán |
94 |
20 |
34 |
30 |
|
| Sarakhs Do. |
94 |
30 |
37 |
8 |
In the text read 8, for 3, min. of Lat. |
| Báḍaghís Do. |
94 |
30 |
34 |
20 |
Yáḳút writes it with which I follow;
a dependency of Herát, the chief town
or towns of the canton being Bamíín
and Baun that adjoin
each other. |
| Marw ár Rúḍ, known as
Murgháb |
94 |
. |
36 |
30 |
The word signifies a white flint that
gives fire, and rúd is a stream, (the
Murgháb). The town is 4 days' march
(Abulf. says five) from its more celebrated
namesake. The relative adjective
of this name is Marwarúdi, and
that of the other is Marwazi, to distinguish
them. |
| Málín, of Herát |
94 |
30 |
34 |
35 |
Name of a cluster of villages at 2 parasangs
from Herát, and called at Herát,
Málán. Yáḳút. |
| Bushang |
95 |
40 |
36 |
3 |
Bushanj in Yáḳút, a picturesque town,
10 parasangs from Herát, According
to the Dict. de la Perse, the Persian
name is Fushanj deriving its origin
from the son of Afrásiáb. |
| Baghshúr, Khurásán |
96 |
25 |
36 |
. |
A small town between Herát and Marw
ar Rúd. Yáḳút passed by this in
A. H. 616 and it was then nearly in
ruins. The name of Bagh is also given
to this town and the relative adjective
Baghawi formed from it, not quite
according to grammatical rule. Yáḳút. |
| Ḳarínain, Marw Sháhjahán |
97 |
25 |
36 |
55 |
Situated on the Marw river, formerly
called Barkadír, but changed to Ḳarínain,
(dual of Ḳarín, the two neighbours)
because it was joined to Marwar
Rúd from which it is 4 marches distant. |
| Dandánḳán Do. |
97 |
30 |
37 |
. |
A small locality two marches from Marw
in the Sarakhs direction. Its cotton is
said to be of excellent quality and it
produces silk. |
| Sharmaḳán |
104 |
. |
36 |
41 |
By the Persians called Jarmaḳán, a small
town in the Iṣfaráin dist. four marches
from Naisabúr, in the Khurásán hills. |
| Tálaḳán, Khurásán |
98 |
. |
36 |
30 |
Not to be confounded with the Ṭálaḳán
between Ḳazwín and Abhar in the
Jabal Dist. This one is said by Yáḳút
to lie between Balkh and Marw ar Rúd,
at three days' march from the latter.
It is not marked in the maps. Another
Ṭálaḳán is in Badakshán near Ḳunduz
below the spurs of the Hindu Kush. |
| Fáryáb |
99 |
. |
36 |
45 |
The text omits the tens in the min. of
Lon. but similar errors are almost too
numerous to notice. Fáryáb is a well-known
town of Jarjan, 6 marches from
Balkh, 3 from Shubrukán and 3 from
Tálaḳán. Zahír Fáryábi was from this
town. |
| Balkh, capital of Khurásán |
101 |
40 |
36 |
41 |
|
| Bámián, Zábulistán |
102 |
. |
34 |
35 |
|
| Haláward |
101 |
40 |
37 |
30 |
A town of Khuttal, a province of Khurásán
in Transoxiana of which the
chief towns are this and Láwakand.
Khuttal is comprised between the
Waksh and Badakhshán rivers. |
| Balásághún |
101 |
30 |
37 |
40 |
This is placed by Abulf. in the 7th Climate.
A frontier town of Turkestán
across the Jaxartes, near Káshgar,
(Abulf.) in whose time it was in the
hands of the Tartars. De Guignes,
speaks of Maliksháh, son of Alp Arslán,
in 1089, as taking Samarḳand and
passing on to Ouzkend, compelling the
king of Káshghar to read the Khuṭbah
and mint the coin in his name and
forcing tribute from the princes of
Taraz, Balasgoun and Isfíjáb. |
| Siminján, Ṭukháristán |
102 |
. |
36 |
. |
A small locality in Ṭukharistán wedged
in in between Balkh and Baghlán in the
defiles, inhabited by a branch of the
Bani Tamím. It is 2 marches from
Balkh to Khulm and 5 on to Anderabah
by Siminján. Yáḳút. |
| Ḳubáḍián, territory of
Balkh |
102 |
. |
37 |
45 |
A pleasant spot full of orchards, Abulf.
the town and district are marked in
the survey map, across the Oxus directly
N. of Khulm. |
| Walwálij, in Ṭukháristán |
102 |
20 |
36 |
. |
The capital of Ṭukháristán according to
Abulf. which was anciently the kingdom
of the Ephthalites (Hayáṭilah)
4 parasangs from Ṭáikán. |
| Ṣaghányán, Transoxiana |
102 |
40 |
38 |
50 |
Pronounced Jaghányán in Persian; the
name of the town is extended to the
country about it, larger than Tirmiḍ
but not so rich or populous. Abulf. |
| Ṭaiḳán, Ṭukháristán |
102 |
50 |
37 |
25 |
In the environs of Balkh. It is separated
by a distance of 7 parasangs from
Khuttal Abulf. |
| Anderáb, Khurásán |
103 |
45 |
36 |
. |
Between Ghaznah and Balkh, the road
by which caravans enter Kábul. Adjacent
is the moutain of Panjhir with
its mines of silver. |
| Badakshán |
104 |
40 |
37 |
20 |
|
| Kábul |
104 |
40 |
34 |
30 |
|
| Banjhír, Kábulistán |
104 |
40 |
34 |
30 |
Properly Panjhír, Yáḳút, see Vol. II,
p. 399. n. |
| Lamghán ” |
104 |
50 |
34 |
3 |
|
| Karwez, Badakshán |
105 |
20 |
36 |
. |
The text has marking the word
as corrupt and the place unknown.
Gladwin writes Gardiz, but this Túmán
is S. of Kábul and S. E. of Ghazni.
I would propose Kunduz though I find
no trace of this name in Yáḳút, Abulf.,
or Ibn Ḥauḳal. Richardson (Dict.)
calls Kunduz, a city built by Jamshíd,
Its striking similarity to the famous
castle of Gangdíz, and the name Kang
or Gang signifying Sogdiana, (Reinaud
Abulf. I, ccxxiii) suggests inferences
which are attractive to pursuers of
verbal analogies but are oftener fallacious
than otherwise. In the Burhán
i Ḳáti, Kunduz is said to be a contraction
of Kuhan diz, i. e., the ancient
citadel, and is a town in Túrán built by
Feridún, now called Baikand. Yáḳút,
under Baikand, makes no allusion to
the former name. |
| Jirm, Badakshán |
104 |
20 |
36 |
. |
|
| Kashmír |
93 |
40 |
36 |
15 |
I read for of the text for deg.
of Lon. and for min. of Lat. These
alterations which the similarity of the
letters and the constant inaccuracies
of the text justify, will bring this town
approximately to the location of Tarshíz
(p. 86) of which it is a neighbour.
Yáḳút places it near Naisábúr. |
| Source of the Mihrán,
(Indus) |
125 |
. |
36 |
. |
|
| Sarfatain |
. |
. |
. |
. |
From this name to the end, the degrees
of Lon. and Lat. do not occur in the
principal MSS. Many of the names
are repetitions of those preceding and
very corrupt. |
| Jisr |
. |
. |
. |
. |
A place near Ḥírah, the scene of a battle
between the Persians and Arabs in
A. H. 13, in which the latter were defeated.
The word signifies a bridge,
which was thrown across the Euphrates
by which the Arabs advanced to the
attack. Yáḳút. |
| Ḥarrán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Preceded. |
| Ḳarádah |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Fárhán ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Malán ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Abrakhis ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Audmiyyah ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Ḳarmásín |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Preceded as Ḳirmísin. |
| Dauráḳ |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This is mentioned by Abulf. as a dependency
of Khúzistán, 10 parasangs from
Básyán and 18 from Arraján, in the
3rd Climate. |
| Diyár Bakr |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Preceded. |
| Ḳarínain |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. |
| Nínawá |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Nineveh, the lat. of this place is the
same as Mauṣil which it faces on the
opposite bank of the Tigris, Lat. 36°
30', Lon. 67°. Abulf. |
| Palangán ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Ḳaísar |
|
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, Lon. 60°, Lat. 40°. Ḳaisaríyyah
in Asia Minor, capital of the Ottoman
Sultans, concurrenṭly or alternately
with Iconium. Abulf. |
| Bijáyah, Mauritania |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Placed by Yáḳút on the sea-shore on the
borders of Africa proper and the
Maghrib or N. W. Africa, three days'
journey from Milah. It is the modern
Bougie. |
| Balansia |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Valencia, Lon 20° Lat., 38° 6'. Abulf. |
| Sámus |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Samos, preceded, as Shámus. |
| Ayás |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Do. |
| Irḳah, Syrian coast |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Erek, Lon. 60° 15', Lat. 34°, a small
town defended by a citadel, 12 miles
S. of Tripoli, a parasang from the sea,
the most northern part of the Damascus
territory. |
| Raḳbah ? |
. |
|
. |
. |
|
| Ṣahyún, Ḳinnasrín |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 60° 10', Lat. 35°, 10°, celebrated as
one of the strongest fortresses of Syria,
W. of Laodicea (Ládikiyeh) and one
march from it (Abulf.) It is Sajun
in K. J. |
| Ḥárim, of Aleppo |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 60° 30', Lat. 35° 50', a small town
2 marches W. of Aleppo, and one from
Antioch, Abulf. It is marked in K. J. |
| Fámyah, (Apamea) |
. |
. |
. |
|
Lon. 61°, 8', Lat. 35°, district of Shaizar,
pronounced also with a prosthetic Alif.
Another Fámyah, a town situate on
the Famu's Ṣilḥ near Wásiṭ, Abulf. |
| Shaizar |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Has preceded. |
| Ḥamát, Syria |
. |
. |
. |
. |
On the Orontes between Emessa and
Ḳinnasrín, Lon. 61° 55', Lat. 34°, 45'
(Abulf.) Epiphaneia; the location or
Plotemy is Lon. 69° 36', Lat, 30° 26'.
It is supposed to be identical with
Hamath (2, Sam. viii, 9, Kíngs, viii,
65, Is x, 9,) called also Hamath the Great.
It was called Hamath in St. Jerome's
day (see Smith Geog. Dict.) Abulf. says
it is remarkable like Shaizar for the
quantity of its norias; even among the
Syrian cities. |
| Marạsh, a fortress of
Syria |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál, Lon. 61°, Lat. 36° 30'. One of
two fortresses, the other Hadath, on
the Syrian frontier. They were both
captured by Khálid, A. H. 15, Marạsh
dismantled and its inhabitants driven
out. Abulf. Aunals I. 227. De Sacy in
his Chrest. Arab, says, that its ancient
name was Germanicia corrupted
by the Syrians into Baniki, I. 130. |
| Aintáb, dependency of
Ḳinnasrín |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 62° 30', Lat. 36°, 30. It is 3 marches
N. of Aleppo, and at no great distance
is the ruined fortress of Dolúk, which
name frequently recurs in the history
of the wars between Saladin and Núru'ddín.
Doluk or Delouc as he writes
it, De Sacy identifies with the ancient
Doliche, (Chrest. Arab III. 109) but
this name was applied (Doliche or
Dolichiste, a long island) to the present
Kakava S. of Lycia by Ptolemy,
Pliny and Alexander in his Periplus of
Lycia. There is no other Doliche mentioned
in the Geog. Dict. |
| Hiṣn Kaifa, island in the
Euphrates |
. |
. |
. |
. |
It is a town and fortress of considerable
size, overlooking the Tigris between
A´mid and the Jazírat-i Ibn Omar of
Diyár Bakr. Yáḳút says the river there
is crossed by a bridge, the largest he
had ever seen of a single span, flanked
by two smaller ones. A´mid is now Diyár
Bakr. The location in the text is
strangely in error. It is marked in
K. J. as Hosn Kefa. |
| Siịrt, Diyár Rabíạh |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 68°, Lat. 37°, 20', a town situate on
a hill N. E. of the Tigris, one day's
march and a half from Mayyáfáriḳín,
and 4 from A´mid, to the S. of which
Siịrt stands, Abulf. |
| Ḥiṣnu'ṭ Ṭáḳ, Sijistán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 80°, 30', Lat. 34°, 40, a fortress on
a high mountain near an elbow formed
by the Helmand in Sijistán. Abulf.
Yáḳút does not mention it. |
| Mílínj? (Mayánij, Mayánah) |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Has preceded, (p. 82.) |
| Karún ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Gilán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Jawain |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This district dependent on Naisábúr of
which Azádhwár is the chief town. It
is called by the Persians Kowán or
Gowán, Abulf. II. II. 191. |
| Jájram, (between Naisábúr
and Jurján |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Jám, in the Naisábúr territory, |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Farjistan ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Mạrú ? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Karaj i Abi Dulaf |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Has preceded. |
| Nasá, Khurásán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Lon. 82°, 8', Lat. 38°, in Khurásán on
the confines of the desert, 67 parasangs
N. of Sarakhs. Yáḳút gives the origin
of its name from the abandonment
of the town by the male population
on the advance of the Muḥammadans.
Seeing women, but only women, they exclaimed.
“These are women ()
let us go and fight elsewhere,” and the
name Nisá or Nasa was thus commemorated.
He places it at 2 days'
journey from Sarakhs; 5 from Marw;
1 from Abivard and 6 or 7 from Naisábúr. |
| Abíward, Khurásán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Abivard in K. J. |
| Shahristán, frontiers of
Khurásán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This is another name for Iṣfahán, which
followed the ancient name of Jayy.
It fell into ruin and was replaced by
Yahúdíyyah, a mile distant from Shahristán
and two from Jayy. The name
of Yahúdíyyah arose from the tradition
that Nabuchadnezzar, after the destruction
of Jerusalem transported its inhabitants
to Iṣfahán. Jayy-Iṣfahán fell
into decay but the Jewish quarter
prospered. This tradition according to
Guyard is to be found in the Talmud,
v. Abulf. II. II. 160. There is a long
article in Yáḳút on this city. |
| Iskalkand, Ṭaḳháristán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál. 92° 20', Lat. 36° 30'. A small
town of Takharistán. The prosthetic
alif is sometimes dropped and the word
pronounced without it. Abulf. |
| Fárabr or Firabr, on the
Oxus. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál 87° 30', Lat. 38° 45'. On the
Oxus towards Bokhára. Abulf. According
to Yaḳúṭ, it is a small town between
the Oxus and Bokhara, and one parasang
from the river; formerly called Ribáṭ
Ṭáhir b. Ali. |
| Fármyáb? |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
| Ṭamgháj |
. |
. |
. |
. |
This is the name of Northern China.
Abulf., II, III, 230 n. According to
D'Herbelot, Tamgag or Tamgaz (his
transliteration of names defied even
the penetration of Gibbon) is the
name of a race of Turks or Turkomans,
the same nation as the Gaz., who
took prisoner Sulṭán Sanjar the Seljúk. |
| Khuttlán, Transoxiana |
. |
. |
. |
. |
The name of a group of places beyond
Balkh, a district distinct from Waksh,
but under one and the same government.
Its capitals are Haláward and Láwakand,
Abulf. II, II, 228. It has been
previously mentioned. |
| Waksh, Do. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Aṭwál Lon. 90° 30', Lat. 38° 20', a town
of the Sagháríyán dist. in Transoxiana. |
| Shumán, in Ṣaghányán |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Abulf. Of this latter mention has been
made. |
|
. |
. |
. |
. |
|