Assemblies - The Assemblies of Hariri, Volume 2

Not engaged in children’s business, lit., whose children were not called upon. This proverbial expression is variously interpreted, but the most satisfactory explanation seems to be that of Abû ‘Obaydeh, who says it is applied to an affair of great importance, to which no children are summoned, but only their elders. It appears, however, from various quotations in De Sacy’s commentary, that in course of time the original meaning of the phrase has been forgotten, and that it has been joined to any noun, in order to emphasize the idea contained in it. For instance, tûbah, “repentance,” followed by lâ yunâdá walîdu-hâ, lit., “whose child is not called upon,” would signify a repentance of intense acuteness (see Ar. Prov., ii. 895).

Heedless of knocks and pushes, in Arabic ughẓî li ’l-lâkizi wa ’l-wâkizi, “conniving at him who strikes with his fist and him who pushes aside.”

She boasts of them the straightest ḳiblah, for it is stated that the kiblah for the people of Baṣra, that is to say, the direction to be observed by them in prayer, points exactly to the door of the Ka‘beh.

Opposite the portal and the station, i.e., the door of the Ka‘beh (see the preceding note) and the structure which is called the station of Abraham, and for which see the article “Maqûmu Ibrahîm” in the “Dictionary of Islâm,” p. 313.

One of the two wings of the world, alluding to a saying attributed to Abû Hurayrah, that the world represents the shape of a bird, whose wings are Baṣra and Cairo, and that, if those two were destroyed, a general downfall would ensue. Others say: “The world is a bird, with Baṣra and Kufa for its wings, Khorasan for its breast, Transoxania for its head, Mecca for its heart, Yemen for its rump, Syria and Maghrib for its thighs, and Egypt for its skull.”

A city founded on the fear of God, as built by the Moslems under the Khalif ‘Omar, and not inhabited, like the surrounding places, by fire-worshippers and other idolaters.

Therein meet the ships and the saddle-beasts, on account of its being equally accessible by roads traversed by travellers on land, and sea-routes frequented by voyagers. Similar meanings are conveyed by the meeting of the fish and the lizard, as the former lives exclusively in the water, which is avoided by the latter; by that of the camel-driver and the sailor, of the herdsman and the swimmer, while other juxtapositions point to the variety of trades pursued in a city of such importance.

The marvel of the tide that swells and the ebb that sinks, the fluctuations of the Indian Ocean affecting the river up to Baṣra in a similar manner as the tide influences the Thames at London.

Your ascetic is the most devout of mankind, etc.—The ascetic here alluded to is Ḥasan Al-Baṣrî, who has been mentioned in Assembly XL., p. 247, above. Your scholar is meant for Abû ‘Obaydeh, born a.h. 110, the same year in which Ḥasan Al-Baṣrî died, and deceased about a.h. 200, a great grammarian and the first who explained the gharîbân, or more recondite expressions in the Koran and the Traditions. He who originated and laid down the doctrine of grammar is Abû ’l-Aswad Z̤âlim ibn ‘Amr, who was slain in the battle of Ṣiffîn, and he who discovered the measures of poetry is Khalîl, of whom also mention has been made in Assembly XL., p. 248, above.

The imitation of the ceremonies at ‘Arafât . . . the morning bounty in the holy month.—Yauma ‘arafata is the ninth day of the month Ẕû ’l-ḥijjah, on which the pilgrims congregate and pray on Mount ‘Arafât, and it became the custom of Mohammedans living in towns distant from Mecca to imitate on that day the ceremonies performed on this occasion by processions and devotions outside their gates, a practice which was called ta‘rîf, and is tersely explained by the commentators as “a celebration of the day of ‘Arafah without Mount ‘Arafât.” It was instigated at Baṣra by Mohammed’s cousin, ‘Abdallah Ibn ‘Abbâs (for whom see vol. i., p. 332), and the observance soon spread to other Moslem communities. Tasḥîr, from saḥar, the dawn before sunrise, is another custom introduced by the inhabitants of Baṣra, which consisted in holding a market for the supply of food in the early mornings during the month of Ramadân, where the poor were allowed to satisfy their wants on their asking for leave.

But as for me, he who knows me—well, I am such, i.e., as he has learnt to know me from long acquaintance, meant, in connection with the clause following, as a hint to Al Ḥârith not to betray him, which would be a mean action under the present circumstances.

The hoofs of camels and their humps.—This may be taken literally, meaning the camels that have carried me on my numerous journeys, or figuratively, as a note in my MS. explains, in the sense of “people high and low.”

How many a flint I have made to split by my spells, lit., on how many a stone I have practised magic until it split asunder, i.e., how many a miser I have wheedled into liberality.

And the hair of my temple raven-black, in Arabic wa ’l faudu ghirbîbun.—The commentators agree that the meaning of the word ghirbîb is “intensely black,” but while some derive it from ghurâb, raven or crow, others trace it to the infinitive of the 4th from ighrâb, being far removed, as a black which surpasses in blackness everything else, and consider the name of the raven to be a derivative of the same verbal noun, either on account of his colour, or of his living at a distance from human habitations. In the Koran the term occurs in a corroborated form, which by Zamakhshari is explained with great subtilty and described as a highly energetic mode of expression, in the passage xxxv. 25: “Seest thou not that God sendeth down water from the Heaven, and that by it We cause the upgrowth of fruits of varied hues, and that on the mountains are tracks of varied hues, white and red, and others are of a raven black.” The last two words of Rodwell’s translation are in the original gharâbîbu sûdun, literally, ravenish (or exceedingly) black, and the peculiarity of the idiom as a corroborative consists in the idea being twice expressed, first in an implied form (gharâbhîbu, pl. of ghirbîb) and then in reality (sûdun). Similarly the poet Nâbighah says:

“By Him who protects the seekers of refuge, the birds, whom the pilgrims to Mecca pass between Ghîl and Sanad,”

where the birds who first were intimated by the expression “seekers of refuge” are subsequently explicitly named by way of explanation and corroborative emphasis.

That on every day a glance from Allah, be He exalted, falls upon you, i.e., a glance of compassion and benevolence. A tradition attributes to Mohammed the prophetic saying: “On every day God Almighty vouchsafes two glances, one upon the people of the earth to the East and West, the other upon the people of Baṣra.”

For He is lofty in dignity, etc., allusion to Koran, xl. 15: “Of exalted grade,” and xlii. 24: “He it is who accepteth repentance from His servants, and forgiveth their sins and knoweth your actions.”

Would that I had been afore forgotten, in Arabic nisyan, or nasyan, a thing forgotten that on account of its contemptibleness does not occur to the mind, a word borrowed from the Koran, xix. 23: “And the throes came upon her (Mary) at the trunk of a palm. She said: Oh would that I had died ere this, and been a thing forgotten, forgotten quite (nasyan mansîyan).”

To whom their hearts incline, in Arabic ṣaghat qulûbuhum ilai-hi. The verb ṣaghw, like its synonym mail, may have the meaning of inclining, tending towards, or of declining, deviating from, according to the preposition by which it governs. Here this preposition is ilá, to, but the same verb occurs in the opposite sense, Koran, lxvi. 4: “If ye both be turned to God in penitence, for now have your hearts gone astray (ṣaghat qulûbu-kumâ),” where ‘an-hu, from him, is to be supplied, so that the literal translation would be “your hearts have declined or deviated from him.”

Is there any rare news?—In the original: hal min mugharribati khabarin, lit., “is there any astounding matter of a report,” a proverbial expression (Ar. Prov., ii. 883), as frequently employed as the favourite Yorkshire phrase “Aught fresh?” Instead of the usual reply, “Nought” (to be pronounced “noute”) with which the latter meets, here the answer is, “News rarer than the ‘Anḳâ,” alluding to the fabulous bird (Ar. Prov., i. 356) so frequently mentioned in Oriental poetry, “and more marvellous than the sight of Zarḳâ,” proverbial for sharpness of sight (Ar. Prov., i. 192, 401; ii. 68).

Who had donned the wool-cloth (ṣûf), i.e., who had become an ascetic or Sufî.

Amongst those whose token is the trace of prostration in their faces, taken from Koran, xlviii. 29: “Thou mayst see them bowing down, prostrating themselves, imploring favours from God and His good pleasure in them. Their tokens are on their faces, the traces of their prostrations.”

And fond farewells to farer fair, lit., and (memories) of the traveller bidden (or bidding) farewell. In this translation I take the word zâ‘in, which by the Commentators is simply rendered with musâfir, traveller, although grammatically a masculine, as logically a feminine, similar to ḥâmil, a pregnant female, or ḥâ’iẓ, a menstruous woman, because the verb za‘n means more particularly travelling in a za‘înah, litter, an essentially feminine mode of locomotion, from which a woman travelling in a litter is herself called za‘înah. This appears also to be the opinion of the editors of the second edition of De Sacy, who say: “This first verse seems to refer to the usual beginnings of Ḳaṣîdehs, in which the places now desolate and forsaken are celebrated, that had formerly been inhabited by a mistress.” Readers who prefer the letter to the spirit are at liberty to substitute “faring friend” instead of “farer fair.”

And reckless of His tardy wrath, in the original aminta makra-hu, lit., thou held’st thyself secure against His scheme or stratagem, meaning the punishment He has planned for thee. This is an allusion to Koran, vii. 97: “Did they then think themselves secure from the deep counsel of God? But none think themselves secure from the deep counsel of God, save those who perish.”

How often . . . wast thou neglecting carelessly the duties of His covenant , lit., didst thou not observe that which is incumbent of His injunction to be followed, again alluding to Koran, xxxvi. 60: ‘Did I not enjoin on you, O sons of Adam, Worship not Satan, for that he is your declared foe?”

That goal of pilgrims of long syne, of countless pilgrims yet to come.— Compare with this the following lines of a poet:

“Life is a sleep, and death the awakening thereof, and man between them a phantom that fares at night;

Fulfil then your needs hastily, for your existence is but a journey amongst journeys.”

Possessed of all the riches of a Tobba‘ king.—Tobba‘ is the name of three kings of Yemen, the first of whom, called Shamar, is said to have conquered China and devastated Samarcand; the second, As‘ad, slaughtered, according to popular tradition, six thousand camels at the holy house, and provided it with a door of gold; while the third, Abû Ḥassân, is not credited with any particular feat of his own, but seems to have contented himself with the glory of his predecessors (comp. Caussin de Perceval’s Esai, i. 61 and following, and Reinaud’s Introduction to his “Géographie d’Abulféda,” p. 355).

Separated hither and thither, in Arabic tafarraqû shaghara baghara, a proverbial expression for dispersing in all directions, for which see Ar. Prov., i. 502.

And wept as not Jacob wept, allusion to Koran, xii. 84: “And he turned away from them and said, Oh! how I am grieved for Joseph! and his eyes became white with grief, for he bore a silent sorrow.”

If thou makest a resolution, put thy trust in Allah, quotation from Koran, iii. 153: “Therefore forgive them and ask for pardon for them, and consult them in the affair of war, and when thou art resolved, then put thou thy trust in God; Verily God loveth those who trust in Him.”

Keep death in view, lit., make death the target of thy eye, taken from the proverb ja‘altu-hu naṣba ‘ainâya, I have made him or it the target of both my eyes. For naṣb most Arabs say nuṣb, a fu‘l with the meaning of maf‘ûl, like ukl, food, for ma’kûl, that which is eaten, so that nuṣb would stand for manṣûb, that which is set up, hence a butt or target.

[Whenever the references to names or subjects are very numerous, the numbers of the pages alluding to them will be found in Appendix A, so that the Index itself may be shortened.]

Aaron, i. 267 Abâbîl, supposed by some to be the name of certain birds, but Bayḍâwi says it means “in heaps,” i. 331 ‘Abâdileh, The, or the four Abdallahs, the four transmitters of Traditions of the same name in the first century of the Hijra, i. 396 ‘Abbâd ibn Auf, the story about his giving a bribe, i. 375 Abbaside Khalifs, The, i. 3, 457; ii. 247, 248 ‘Abbâs, son of ‘Abd al Muṭṭalib, and uncle of Mohammed, i. 332 ‘Abbâs, son of Merdâs and of Khansâ the poetess, i. 52 ‘Abd al Ḥamîd, famous for eloquence and caligraphy, i. 81; ii. 104, 248 ‘Abd al Ḥârith, said to have been the name of the first child of Eve, so called in honour of Al Ḥârith the Devil, i. 378 ‘Abd al Madân, an Arab proverbial for nobility and courage, ii. 158, 293 ‘Abd al Melik ibn Merwân, the fifth Omayyide Khalif, i. 94, 350 ‘Abd Manâf, ancestor of Mohammed, a chief of the tribe of Koraysh, and surnamed Al Mughairah, ii. 158, 293 ‘Abd al Muṭṭalib, grandfather of Mohammed the Apostle, i. 269, 332, 439; ii. 204 ‘Abd al ‘Ozza, or Abû Lahab, uncle of Mohammed, and his great enemy and persecutor, i. 439. See Abû Lahab ‘Abd al Wahhâb, nephew of Al Manṣûr, the second Abbaside Khalif, i. 493 ‘Abd al Yaghûth, father of Al Hakam, the archer, i. 404 ’Abd Allah and ‘Abd-ar-Raḥmân, the most acceptable names to God, i. 278 ‘Abd Allah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Usmân, a poet, ii. 215 ‘Abd Allah, brother of Durayd ibn as Simmâh, and owner of the horse Karab, ii. 282 ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abbâs, the Traditionist, commonly called Ibn ‘Abbâs, which see, i. 14, 327, 332, 396; ii. 307 ‘Abd Allah ibn al Moḳaffa‘, the Persian, translator and author, i. 33; ii. 303 ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al ‘Âṣi, the Traditionist, i. 396 ‘Abd Allah ibn Az Zobayr, the Traditionist, and one of the revisers of the Koran, i. 93, 396, 482; ii. 230 ‘Abd Allah ibn Ghaṭafân, The tribe of, i. 411 ‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ûd, the Traditionist, i. 396 ‘Abd Allah ibn Muljim, the murderer of ‘Ali, the fourth Khalifah, i. 327 ‘Abd Allah ibn Omm Maktûm, a blind man twice Governor of Medina, ii. 292 ‘Abd Allah ibn Rawâḥah, a poet on the side of Mohammed, i. 430 ‘Abd ‘Amr, a favourite of ‘Amr, King of Hira, i. 360, 361 ‘Abd ar Raḥmân, son of Hassân ibn Thâbit, the questions asked him by his father, i. 430 Abdera, a Greek town, i. 82; ii. 146 ‘Abd Shems, an Arab ancestor, i. 376, 426 Abel, i. 296, 531, 538 Abgarus, the King of an old city, since called Edessa and Ar Roha, and connected with the legend of Christ’s picture, i. 489 ‘Abḳar, a residence of the Jinn, said to have been in the region of Yemâmeh, i. 478, 479 ‘Abḳari, a sprite of Abḳar, i. 478, 479 Ablaḳ Al, a castle in Taymâ, i. 490, 491 ‘Ableh, the damsel wooed and won by the poet-warrior ‘Antarah, son of Sheddâd, i. 317 Ablution, one of the five things on which Islâm is founded, i. 392; ii. 37, 39, 40, 41, 205, 293 Abraham, the Patriarch, i. 87, 267, 315, 316, 325, 396, 400, 427, 431, 461, 467, 489; ii. 19, 32, 34, 177, 196, 253, 300, 304, 306 Abrahet al Ashram, or Abraheh, an Abyssinian King who marched against Mecca, i. 279, 331 Abû ‘Abd Allah, the Wazir killed at the instigation of Ar Rabî‘, i. 493 Abû ‘Abd ar Raḥmân ibn Aḥmed al Farâhîdî, the great Grammarian, ii. 248. See Khalil Abû Adîneh, or Odayneh, a poet, i. 377, 496, 522 Abû Akhzam, said to be connected with a proverb, i. 485, 522. See Akhzam Abû ‘Ali Ḥosayn al Khoshnâbi, father-in-law of Hamadâni, i. 272 Abû ‘Ali, the Grammarian, i. 508 Abû ‘Amr ash Shaybâni, celebrated for Koran-reading, i. 81, 539; ii. 104 Abû ‘Amr Rubban, or Zubban ibn al ‘Alâ, noted for his profound knowledge of the Koran, ii. 248 Abû Barâḳish, a bird of gaudy and changing plumage, used figuratively to express a person of variable disposition, i. 232, 477, 478 Abû Bekr al Berathîni, a person referred to by Ar Râzi, the Commentator, i. 24 Abû Bekr ibn al Ḥosayn ibn Dorayd, a composer of forty stories of rare and strange phrases, i. 271 Abû Bekr Mohammed az Zâhiri, i. 399 Abû Bekr, the first Kalifah, i. 14, 52, 93, 289, 305, 318, 473, 479; ii. 245, 253, 262, 290 Abû Bekr Yaḥya ibn ‘Abd ar Raḥmân, celebrated for his compositions in various metres, i. 367 Abû’d-darrâj Wallâj, son of Kharrâj, fanciful names, ii. 28, 200 Abû Dulaf al ‘Ajili, the celebrated general of the Khalifs Ma‘mûn and Mo‘taṣim, and rebuilder of the city of Kerej, i. 76 note, 515 Abû Dulaf al Khazraji, a poet, i. 76 and note, 287 Abû Dulâmeh, son of an emancipated black slave, and a poet who immortalized his mule by a Ḳaṣideh, i. 80; ii. 104, 247 Abû Dulâmeh’s mule, often referred to in Arabic literature for his dirty tricks, i. 80; ii. 104, 247 Abû Farwat al Ḥaffâr, ancestor of Ar Rabî‘, i. 493 Abû Ḥâmid al Isfarayni, i. 358. See Shaykh Abû Hâmid Abû Ḥanbal at Tâ‘i, a model of faith-keeping, i. 493 Abû Ḥanîfeh, i. 392; ii. 279, 286 Abu Ḥassan, one of the Tobba‘ Kings of Yemen, ii. 310 Abû Hazrah ibn ‘Âtîyah, ii. 248. See Jerîr Abû Hurayrah, the Traditionist, i. 445, 473, 515; ii. 295, 306 Abû Ja‘far ibn Ṭofayl, the writer of a philosophical romance, i. 278 Abû Ja‘far al Manṣûr, ii. 304 Abû Jahl, a great persecutor of Mohammed, i. 375, 415, 438 Abû Ḳalamîm, the lizard, used figuratively to express a person of variable disposition, i. 478 Abû Kârib, Governor of Hejer or Bahrayn, i. 361 Abû Kayd, the father of Deceit, i. 242, 490 Abû Kilâbeh, the Arab who saw Irem al ‘Imâd, i. 369 Abû Lahab, uncle of Mohammed, and his great enemy and persecutor. Also name of Sura cxi. of the Koran, i. 52, 439, 440 Abû Maryam, an expression used to designate under that name the officers or ushers of a Kadi’s court, i. 157, 349 Abû Mohammed al Hosayn ibn Wakî‘, a writer on the plagiarisms of the poet Mutenebbi, i. 483 Abû Mohammed al Ḳâsim ibn ‘Ali ibn Mohammed ibn ‘Othman al Harîri, the full name of Harîri, i. 3, 186, 337 Abû Mohammed ibn Ṣârat ash Shantarîni [of Santarem], i. 516. See Ibn Ṣârah Abû Munzir, a nickname of the cock because he exhorts the sleepers to rise for prayers, ii. 164, 295 Abû Murrah, or Abû ’l Murrah, a nickname for the devil, i. 278; ii. 142, 166, 280 Abû Mûsá Abdallah ibn Kais al Ash’ari was appointed arbiter with Amr ibn al As between ‘Ali and Mu‘âwiyeh after the battle of Siffin, ii. 146, 283. See Mirkhond, Part II., vol. iii., pp. 351–359 for the story Abû Na’âmeh, or Na’âmet al Katâri ibn al Fujâ’ah, a poet and orator, head of the rebellious Azâriḳah sect, i. 135, 326, 327 Abû Nuwâs, the poet, i. 525, 526; ii. 232, 299 Abû ‘Obâdeh, the poet, i. 114, 292. See Boḥtori Abû ‘Obaydeh, the Philologist and Grammarian, i. 411, 521; ii. 205, 239, 305, 306 Abû ‘Othmân al Mâzini, the Grammarian, story told about him, i. 497, 499 Abû Sa‘îd ‘Abd ar Raḥmân ibn Mohammed ibn Dôst the Hâkim, a collector of Hamadani’s epistles, i. 270, 271 Abû Ṣufrah, an Arab ancestor and race descended from him, ii. 114, 255 Abû Sâliḥ, the story about him, i. 471 Abû Samâmah, or Sumâmah, surname of the false prophet Musaylimeh, also called Al Kazzâb the Liar, ii. 103, 245. See Musaylimeh Abú ’sh Shamaqmaq, a poet, ii. 293 Abû Sofyân ibn Ḥarb, the father of Mu‘âwiyeh, the first Omayyide Khalif, i. 375, 405, 439 Abû Ṭâhir, a commentator of Harîri’s Assemblies, i. 32 Abû Temmâm, or Ḥabîb ibn ‘Ows, the poet: his Hamâseh is celebrated, i. 55, 57, 292, 482 Abû Therr al Ghafâri, a Companion about whose future Mohammed prophesied, i. 421 Abû Wâthîlet Iyâs ibn Mu’âwiyet ibn Korrah, called Al Muzanî, i. 333. See Iyâs Abû Yahya. Yahya is an Arabic name for John the Baptist, but Abû Yahya is used as a bye-name of Death, i. 216, 447 Abû Yûsuf, an eminent lawyer, ii. 142, 279 Abû Zayd, the name of the Improviser in Ḥarîri’s Assemblies (his first appearance at Basra, i. 21, 22; his character, i. 23, 24), i. 25–28 (his wit and cynicism, i. 35), i. 37, 38, 42, 58, 71, 75–83, etc. For further references to him, which are very numerous, see Appendix A Abû Ziyâd, an Arabic author, ii. 295 Abû ’l ‘Abbâs Aḥmed ibn ‘Abd al Mu’min al Kaysî ash Sherîshi, the Commentator, i. 265. See Sherîshi Abû ’l ‘Abbâs Aḥmed ibn ‘Omar ibn Surayj, i. 358. See Ibn Surayj Abû ’l Abbâs al Layti, a friend of Sherîshi, i. 405 Abû ’l Abbâs Mohammed, son of Harîri, and succeeded his father in hi post at Meshân, i. 38 Abû ’l ‘Ala, the poet, i. 14, 56, 337, 460, 479 Abú ’l Aswad ad Du’li, the Grammarian, i. 7, 66, 94, 458; ii. 306 Abû ’l Aṭâhîyah, the Poet, ii. 228, 253, 254 Abû ’l Faḍl ar Rabî‘ ibn Yûnus, the Chamberlain to Mansûr, the second Abbaside Khalif: his story, i. 493. See Ar Rabî‘ Abû ’l Faḍl Aḥmed ibn al Hoṣayn ibn Yaḥya ibn Sa‘îd al Hamadâni, commonly known as Badi‘ az Zemân, or “The Wonder of the Time,” i. 13, 270. See Hamadâni and Badi‘ az Zemân’ Abû ’l Faraj Al Isfahâni, his allusion to the poetry of Abû ‘Obâdeh or Boḥtori, i. 292, 340 Abû ’l Faraj [Barhebræus], i. 489 Abû ’l Faraj Ibn Ja‘far Ibn Ḳodamet Ibn Ziyâd, a scribe of Bagdad, i. 274, 275. See Kodâmeh Abû ’l Faraj Mohammed ibn Aḥmed al Ghassani, called Al Wâwâ, a poet, i. 294 Abû ’l Fatḥ al Iskenderi, the name of the Improviser in Hamadâm’s Assemblies, i. 19, 25, 28, 38, 105, 271, 272 Abû’ Fatḥ, the story about him, i. 457 Abû ’l Futûḥ al Ghazzali, i. 526. See Ghazzali Abû ’l Ḥasan, i. 457. See Ibn Sam’ûn Abû ’l Ḥasan ‘Ali the Kâtib, his biography, i. 469, 470, 471 Abû ’l Ḥasan Mohammed, the Hâshimi, an elegant poet of the fourth century of the Hijra, i. 523. See Ibn Sukkereh Abû ’l Ḳâsim ‘Abdallah, the son of Harîri and an official at Bagdad, i. 21, 38; ii. 163 Abû ’l Ḳâsim Ali ibn Aflaḥ, i. 28 Abû ’l Ḳâsim as Salîmi, a poet, ii. 238 Abû ’l Ḳâsim Ḥammâd, the celebrated reciter, a marvel on account of his memory, i. 17, 383, 384. See Ḥammâd Abû ’l Khaṭṭâb Ḳatâdeh, a blind man: the story about him, i. 468 Abû ’l Manṣûr ath Tha‘labî, an account by him of Badi‘ az Zemân’ or Hamadâni is given in the Commentary of Sherîshi, i. 270. See Tha‘labî Abû ’ṭ Ṭâhir ibn Mohammed ibn Yûsuf, of Cordova, who wrote fifty Assemblies in imitation of Harîri, i. 97 Abû ’ṭ Ṭâhir Mohammed ibn ‘Ali al ‘Ilâf, the story told by him about Ibn Sam‘ûn, i. 457 Abû ’t Taiyib, a poet, ii. 231 Abyssinia, i. 446, 467 Abyssinian, i. 279, 280, 331 Abyssinians, i. 64, 372, 467 Academy of Letters, i. 66 Account, Art of, i. 230, 231 Accountants, i. 230–232 ‘Âd, an Arab ancestor and his descendants, i. 368, 433, 441, 516 ‘Âd, The people of, a wicked tribe destroyed by God, i. 31, 213, 423, 431–433, 441, 442, 466; ii. 9. For the story compare the Koran, Tabari, and Mirkhond Adah, wife of Lamech, i. 43 Adam, i. 267, 296, 329, 342, 350, 378, 398, 404, 440, 459, 474; ii. 39, 109, 110, 258, 309 Aden, i. 369, 441; ii. 279 ‘Adî ibn ar Ruḳâ‘, an amatory poet, i. 275 ‘Adî ibn Naṣr, married Raḳâsh, sister of Jathîmet al Abrash, King of Ḥira, and was the father of ‘Amr, the lost prince, i. 42, 494, 495 ‘Adnân, an Arab ancestor, i. 9, 466, 520 Æacus, the myth or legend about him is connected with the colonization of Ægina, i. 92 Æneas, of Trojan war renown, i. 92 Æsop, i. 33, 277, 362, 477; ii. 305 Afrasiab, King of Turan, i. 539 Africa, i. 9, 410; ii. 138, 224 Africa, Eastern, people of, i. 467 ‘Afrit, a demon supposed to be of superior nature and more formidable powers than the Jinn or the Ghûl, i. 330. See Ifrit Afwah al Awadi, a poet, ii. 230 Aghlab [Al] al ‘Ajili, said to have been the first composer of a regular poem or Kasideh in rejez metre, i. 55, 304 Aḥkâf [Al], tracts of sand in the region of Ash Shiḥr, i. 441, 517 Ahlwardt, William, of Greifswald, a German Orientalist, i. 340 Ahwâz, a town and district, i. 258, 499, 525 A‘jamî, or foreign, i. 66; ii. 139, 192, 215, 277 ‘Ajâz [Al], a poet, i. 55 ‘Akâf ibn Wadâ‘ah, a man alluded to by Mohammed, i. 370; ii. 271 Akameh, a place in Yemen, i. 404 Akhfash [Al], The Elder, or Abû ’l Khaṭṭâb the Grammarian, i. 55, 301, 498 Akhfash [Al], The Younger, also a Grammarian, i. 498, 499 Akhnas [Al] ibn al Ka‘b, a man of Johayneh, his story, i. 476 Akhṭal [Al], the great poet of the tribe of Temîm, i. 349; ii. 227, 248 Akhzam, an Arab of very generous disposition, whose name is connected with a proverb, ii. 140, 278. See Abû Akhzam Aḳîl ibn ‘Ullafeh, a poet of Koraysh, the story about him, i. 485; ii. 278 Akk, Land of, on the sea-coast in the northern part of Yemen, i. 425 Aḳra‘ [Al], a person mentioned in some verses by Abbâs, son of Merdâs, addressed to Mohammed, i. 52 Aktham ibn Sayfi, an elder of the Benû Temîm, to whom is attributed a proverb, i. 273 ‘Alaaddin Abû’sh Shâmât, Story of, in the “Thousand and One Nights,” i. 440 Al ‘Abd, son of Sofyân, son of Harmaleh, of the tribe of Bekr Wâ’il, and father of the poet Tarafeh, i. 359 ‘Alaḳ [Al], the name of the ninety-sixth Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 52 Aleppo, ii. 135, 138, 146, 147 Alexander the Great, i. 92 Alexandria, i. 88, 105, 151, 152, 157 Alexandrian, The, i. 38, 273. See Abu ’l Fath al Iskenderi Alfîyeh, The, by Ibn Mâlik, the most complete and celebrated of the Arabic grammatical poems, i. 12, 55, 98, 273, 290, 303, etc. See Appendix A ‘Ali, son of Al Mahdi, the third Abbaside Khalif, i. 523 ‘Ali, the fourth Khalifah, son of Abû Ṭâlib, adopted son and cousin of Mohammed, i. 7, 14, 31, 60, 281, 290, etc. See Appendix A Alif, the first letter of the alphabet, ii. 35. See Elif Alkali, its qualities described, i. 144 Alḳamat ibn ‘Olâtheh, the story about him, i. 375, 488 Alḳamat ibn Khaṭafah, the father of Zebbâ, the wife of Al Harith ibn Sulayk, the Asadi, story about them, i. 408 Allât, a goddess, one of the Arab idols, i. 404, 405; ii. 291 Alms, one of the five things on which Islâm is founded, i. 392, 460; ii. 27, 31, 37, 46, 58, 163, 206 Alp Arslan, the second Sultan of the Saljukide dynasty, i. 5, 526 Alphabetical poems and pieces as given in the Bible and other works, i. 87–89 Alyas, son of Moḍar, an Arab ancestor, and husband of Khindàf, i. 10; ii. 246 Amalek, or Al Amalek, an ancestor and tribe, i. 397, 466 Ameuney, Professor, of King’s College, London, i. 101 American Indian, i. 386 American missionaries, i. 367 ‘Âmileh, Tribe of, i. 362 Amîn [Al], son of Hârûn ar Reshid, and sixth Abbaside Khalif and pupil of Al Kisâ’i, the Grammarian, i. 498 Âmineh, mother of Mohammed, i. 364 ‘Âmir bin Ḥarisah al Azdî, father of ‘Amr Muzaykîyâ, ii. 199; called also Mâ’u’s-samâ, which see ‘Âmir ibn az-Zarib, a judge in the Time of Ignorance, ii. 300 ‘Âmir ibn aṭ Ṭofayl ibn Mâlik ibn Ja‘far, the story about him, i. 375, 488 ‘Âmir ibn Hârith, i. 351. See Kosa’î ‘Âmir ibn Sinân, of the tribe of Temîm, and father of Sulayk, i. 352. See Sulayk Ammon, i. 87 ‘Amr, a friend of Munthir ibn Mâ’as Semâ, King of Hira, and buried alive by the latter, i. 385 ‘Amr al Jâhiz, an author, i. 266 ‘Amrân the Diviner, brother of ‘Amr ibn ‘Âmir Muzayḳîyâ, i. 423, 425 ‘Amr ibn ‘Adî, son of ‘Adî ibn Naṣr, and of Raḳâsh, the King Jathimeh’s sister, the story about him, i. 494, 495; ii. 190, 206 ‘Amr ibn al ‘Aṣ, appointed as arbiter with Abû Mûsa after the battle of Siffin, ii. 283. See Abû Mûsa ‘Amr ibn Al Hârith ibn Al Moḍâd, prince of the Jorham, to whom some beautiful verses are attributed at the expulsion of his family from Mecca, i. 384 ‘Amr ibn Abî Rabî‘at al Muzdalif ibn Thohl, the story about him, i. 529 ‘Amr ibn ‘Amir Muzayḳîyâ, the Tearer, and husband of Zarîfeh, who predicted the bursting of the dyke of Marab, i. 41, 42, 288, 372, 423–426 ‘Amr ibn Al Ḥârith ibn Shaybân, the story about him, or ‘Amr ibn ‘Adî above, i. 529 ‘Amr, King of Hira, son of Munthir III., and commonly called ‘Amr ibn Hind, the name of his mother. He caused the death of the poet Ṭarafeh, i. 61, 358, 360, 361 ‘Amr ibn Kulthûm, a pre-Islamite poet-warrior, and author of one of the Mo‘allaḳât, i. 56, 351, 361, 376, 501, 539 ‘Amr ibn ‘Obayd, a celebrated ascetic and preacher, i. 228, 467, 468 ’Amr ibn ‘Odas, author of a proverb, i. 74 Amr ibn ‘Othmân ibn Ḳanbar, the full name of Sîbawayh, the Grammarian, i. 497. See Sîbawayh ‘Amr Mad‘âkarib, the owner of the sword Ṣamṣâmah, ii. 292 ‘Amr, son of Barrâk, a great runner, i. 353 ‘Amr, son of Ḥârith, son of Sherîd, son of Sulaym, and father of Khansâ, the celebrated Arab poetess, i. 387 ’Amr, son of Homran, whose generous speech is connected with a proverb, i. 443 ‘Amr, son of Jâbir, a man of the Fazârah, with whom Imr al Ḳays the poet sought protection, i. 491 ‘Amr to Zayd, a phrase meaning “from one person to another,” i. 257, 522 Anacreon, the Greek poet, i. vii ‘Ânah, a city celebrated at an early period for its wine, i. 168, 172, 173, 351, 374 An‘am, or Ashkam, or Mâthân, son of Loḳmân the Wise, i. 477 Anas ibn Mâlik, the transmitter of Traditions, i. 364, 401, 450 Anas, son of An Naḍr, a martyr for Islâm, i. 401 ‘Anazeh, tribe of, i. 472 Ancyra, the place where the poet Imr al Ḳays died, i. 492 Andalusia, i. 2, 34, 265, 304, 410 Andalusian, i. 69 Andalusians, The, i. 368 ‘Anḳâ, The, a fabulous bird, i. 469; ii. 181, 309 Anmàr, a sub-tribe of the sons of Kays, i. 476 An-Nâs, the name of the 114th Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 52 Anṣâr, The, helpers and auxiliaries of Mohammed at Medina, i. 295, 373, 398, 429; ii. 214, 291 ‘Antarah, the warrior-poet, son of Sheddâd, i. 30, 56, 295, 317, 318, 331, 352, 390, 438; ii. 282 “Anthologie Grammaticale Arabe,” by De Sacy, i. 12, 296, 384, etc. See Appendix A Antioch, i. 531 Antiquities, i. 46, 63, 100 Antiquity, i. 62, 73, 91, 92, 426 Anûshirwân, the Wazir, i. 25, 26. See Sheref ad Dîn Abû Naṣr Anûshir-wân al Iṣfahani Anwâri Sohayli, a Persian story-book, i. 33 Arab, i. 3, 5, 10, 12, etc. See Appendix A Arabia, i. 9, 10, 41, 43, etc. See Appendix A Arabia Felix, ii. 263 Arabia, the daughter of Justin II., i. 492 Arabian, i. 50, 66, 126, 321; ii. 39 “Arabian Nights,” The, i. 308, 330, 345; ii. 201, 255. See “Thousand and One Nights” Arabic, i. v–vii, ix, x, 1, 2, 4, 5, etc. See Appendix A “Arabic Authors,” ii. xi. Arabic Proverbs, ii. ix, 187, 204 Arab manners and customs, i. 6, 13, 15, 18, 22, 54, etc. See Appendix A Arabs, i. ix, 4–8, 10, 13–16, etc. See Appendix A “Arabum Proverbia,” Freytag’s edition in three volumes, i. 273, 277. See Proverbs, Arab ‘Arafah, Day of, ii. 307 ‘Arafât, Mount, i. 392; ii. 34, 178, 202, 203, 306, 307 Archæologists, i. 90 Arcturus, a constellation mentioned in the Book of Job, i. 336 ‘Arim, ii. 199. See Sayl al ‘Arim Arḳam [Al], the Ghassani, father of Ḳaylah, said to have been the ancestress of Ows and Khazraj, the sons of Tha‘labeh and the heads of two tribes who inhabited Yathrib or Medina in the time of the Prophet. The quarrel between these two tribes, in which the latter were defeated, brought the Khazraj to Mecca to obtain assistance from the Koraysh, which was refused. They then applied to Mohammed, and this led to the two meetings at ‘Akabah, and eventually to the flight from Mecca, i. 295. Comp. Tabari and Mirkhond Armenian, i. 21 Arnold, Fr. Aug., his edition of the “Mo‘allaḳât,” i. 332; ii. 267, 301 Arphaxad, an ancestor, i. 369 Ar-Raḳîm, The men of: their story, i. 414, 415 Arthur, our legendary King, i. 539 ‘Arûs, a man connected with a story about a proverb, i. 346, 347 Aryan, i. 312 As‘ad, one of the Tobba’ Kings of Yemen, ii. 310 Asad, son of Mudrik, slayer of Sulayk, i. 352 ‘Aṣâm, an old woman referred to in a proverb, i. 356 A‘sha [al], or Maymûn al A‘sha the Great, son of Ḳays, a renowned poet, i. 389; ii. 288 Ash‘ab, a servant of the Khalif ‘Othmân, proverbial for his covetousness, ii. 6, 190 Ash‘ath [Al] ibn Ḳays al Kindi questions the Prophet, i. 520 Ashmûni [Al], the Grammarian, i. 315, 508, 512, 514 Asia, i. 5, 92 Asia Minor, i. 13, 493 Asia, Northern, i. 466 Asia, Western, i. 489 Asîd ibn Jâbir, a famous runner, i. 353 Aṣma‘î [Al], the most famous man of letters of his time, born a.d. 740, died a.d. 831. He was a complete master of the Arabic language, an able grammarian, and the most eminent of all those who transmitted orally historical narrations, anecdotes, stories, and rare expressions of the language, i, 18, 132, 255, 281, 319, 340, 368, 391, 394, 475, 487, 498, 520, 521, 539; ii. 79, 196, 229, 248, 249, 302, 334 Assemblies of Abû ‘ṭ Ṭâhir, of Cordova, written in Arabic in imitation of Ḥarîri, i. 97 Assemblies of Hamadâni, supposed to have been imitated by Harîri, i. 13, 19, 20, 62, 305 Assemblies of Harîri, i. viii–x, 2, 8, 12, etc. See Appendix A Assemblies of Naṣîf al Yazaji, of Beyrout, i. 62, 98–101, 314, 382, 393, 396, 464, 487, 518, 525 Brief Summary of each of Harîri’s Assemblies. Assembly I.—Of San‘â. Abû Zayd preaches against self-indulgence, and exhorts to repentance, but which he does not put into practice, as the sequel shows, i. 108 Assembly II.—Of Ḥolwân. Full of rhetorical subtleties, i. 112, 113 Assembly III.—Of Ḳaylah. Abû Zayd improvises both in praise and dispraise of money, i. 117 Assembly IV.—Of Damietta. Discourse on duty towards a neighbour between Abû Zayd and his son, i. 121 Assembly V.—Of Kufa. How Abû Zayd obtains money from a company of generous scholars, i. 126, 127 Assembly VI.—Of Merâghah. About an address to the Governor, with pointed and unpointed letters, i. 132, 133 Assembly VII.—Of Barḳa‘îd. About Abû Zayd and the old woman who circulates his curious papers, i. 139, 140 Assembly VIII.—Of Ma‘arrah. About Abû Zayd and his son, and their complaints to the Kadi of that place, and the sequel, i. 145, 146 Assembly IX.—Of Alexandria. About the complaints of Abû Zayd’s young wife to the Kadi against her husband, i. 151, 152 Assembly X.—Of Raḥbah. About Abû Zayd and his son before the Governor, and the sequel, i. 158 Assembly XI.—Of Sâweh. An elaborate sermon on the certainty of death and judgment, in rhymed prose and in verse—a masterpiece, i. 163, 164 Assembly XII.—Of Damascus. Abû Zayd prepares a magic form of words for the safety of certain travellers, and the sequel, i. 168, 169 Assembly XIII.—Of Bagdad. Abû Zayd, disguised as an old woman, followed by some lean and feeble children, obtains alms by his address and his verses, i. 176 Assembly XIV.—Of Mecca. Abû Zayd and his son obtain relief through their representations and verses, i. 181 Assembly XV.—The Legal. This contains a legal puzzle about the heirs to certain property, and a long story to introduce it, i. 185, 186 Assembly XVI.—Of the West. Abû Zayd performs an extraordinary feat of scholarship in reciting lines of poetry, each of which may be read forwards or backwards without change of sense, i. 194 Assembly XVII.—The Reversed. Another Assembly of the same kind as the last, in that the words themselves being reversed produce a perfect sense, i. 200 Assembly XVIII.—Of Sinjâr. Abû Zayd gains a splendid present by the narrative of an alleged misfortune. One of the most poetical in the whole work, and a wonderful description of a maiden, i. 206, 207 Assembly XIX.—Of Naṣîbin. Abû Zayd tells his son, in the Ṭofayli jargon, to bring a repast for some friends who had visited him, i. 214, 215 Assembly XX.—Of Mayyâfâriḳîn. Abû Zayd, by his representations, asks the bounty of the company to provide a shroud, i. 220 Assembly XXI.—Of Rayy. Abû Zayd preaches a sermon on life and morals, and afterwards indites another discourse in reproof of the Governor, i. 223 Assembly XXII.—Of the Euphrates. Abû Zayd delivers a rhetorical address on the comparative merits of secretaries and accountants, and the sequel, i. 229 Assembly XXIII.—Of the Precinct. Abû Zayd shows his skill in artificial composition, bringing his son before the Governor, or criminal judge, of Bagdad on a charge of theft, and finally getting some relief for his necessities from the Governor, i. 234 Assembly XXIV.—Of the Portion. This Assembly contains grammatical riddles and disquisitions, i. 243, 244 Assembly XXV.—Of Kerej. Abû Zayd, naked and shivering, crouches on the ground. Reciting some verses on his unhappy state, he obtains furs and cloaks, i. 253 Assembly XXVI.—The Spotted. Abû Zayd entertains Ḥârith, the son of Hammâm, and finally explains how he was rewarded for a eulogistic composition in which the alternate letters were pointed and unpointed, i. 258 Assembly XXVII.—Of the Tent-dwellers. Story about the lost camel, the search for it, and the result, ii. 1, 2 Assembly XXVIII.—Of Samarcand. Abû Zayd preaches on the instability of human destinies, and on the certainty of death. The sequel, especially the verses, ii. 13 Assembly XXIX.—Of Wâsiṭ. An amusing story, first full of fanciful and enigmatical language, and then a proposal for a matrimonial alliance, followed by the wedding, which is preceded by a wonderful address, and the sequel, ii. 14, 15 Assembly XXX.—Of Ṣûr. Relates an adventure near Cairo at a wedding ceremony, where Abû Zayd delivers a discourse on the duties of the rich towards the poor, and on the divine purpose in founding the institution of matrimony, ii. 24, 25 Assembly XXXI.—Of Ramlah. A composition of exquisite beauty on the duties of true religion, spoken by Abû Zayd at Mecca, ii. 31 Assembly XXXII.—Of Ṭaybeh. One of the most elaborate, important, longest, and most difficult of the Assemblies, in which Abû Zayd assumes the character of a Mufti, who answers various questions on canonical and legal points, ii. 37, 38 Assembly XXXIII.—Of Tiflis. In the guise of a mendicant afflicted with palsy Abû Zayd appears, and by an eloquent appeal to the congregation obtains a liberal supply of alms, and the sequel, ii. 58 Assembly XXXIV.—Of Zabîd. Abû Zayd appears in the character of a slave-merchant, and sells his son as a slave to Ḥârith. The boy repudiates the sale, protesting that he is Joseph. They go before the Kadi, and the sequel, ii. 62, 63 Assembly XXXV.—Of Shiraz. Abû Zayd describes a wine-cask metaphorically under the simile of a maiden, for whom he desires to purchase wedding attire, and the result, ii. 71 Assembly XXXVI.—Of Malṭîyah. Abû Zayd, proposes twenty riddles, or conundrums, of a curious kind, and leaves without explaining them. Harîri himself does this in a short commentary at the end of this Assembly, ii. 74, 75 Assembly XXXVII.—Of Sa‘dah. Abû Zayd and his son again before the Kadi, and account of the dispute between them, ii. 83 Assembly XXXVIII.—Of Merv. Abû Zayd addresses the Governor of Merv in some very fine verses in praise of liberality to men of genius, ii. 89, 90 Assembly XXXIX.—Of ‘Omân. About a sea-voyage and a magic spell against the dangers of the sea. A storm, landing at the port of an island, and what happens there, ii. 93, 94 Assembly XL.—Of Tebrîz. A lively altercation between Abû Zayd and his young wife before the Kadi of Tebrîz, he complaining of her contumacy, she of his abuse of his conjugal rights, ii. 101, 102 Assembly XLI.—Of Tanîs. Abû Zayd preaches a sermon full of lofty moral admonitions, and what happens at the close of it, ii. 108, 109 Assembly XLII.—Of Najrân. Abû Zayd again propounds a series of riddles, ii. 113, 114 Assembly XLIII.—Al Bakrîyah. Abû Zayd displays his eloquence and mastery of the Arabic tongue in various ways. The discussion between him and a youth on the subject of matrimony is worthy of Rabelais, ii. 113, 114 Assembly XLIV.—The Wintry. Abû Zayd furnishes a series of puzzling statements, which show the double meanings and curious subtleties of the Arabic language. He leaves secretly without explaining them, ii. 132 Assembly XLV.—Of Ramlah. Account of another matrimonial dispute between Abû Zayd and his young wife before the Kadi of Ramlah, ii. 141, 142 Assembly XLVI.—Of Aleppo. Abû Zayd appears as a schoolmaster, and his pupils accomplish the most surprising feats in linguistic artifices, ii. 146, 147 Assembly XLVII.—Of Ḥajr. Another fictitious altercation between Abû Zayd in the character of a cupper, and his son, for the purpose of obtaining coin from the assembled company, ii. 156 Assembly XLVIII.—The Ḥarâmîyeh. Supposed to be the first Assembly composed by Ḥarîri, with the first appearance of Abû Zayd the Serûji on the scene, ii. 163 Assembly XLIX.—Of Sâsân. Abû Zayd urges his son to practise mendicancy as a fine art, he himself having so practised it to his profit. A most interesting discourse, and, Chenery says (p. 83), “one of the finest pieces of rhetoric in the work,” ii. 169 Assembly L.—Of Bsara. The repentance of Abû Zayd, described by him along with a magnificent encomium of Basra. He settles down to his devotions, and his farewell verses are most interesting and breathe the purest spirit of devotion. Chenery says (p. 83): “But perhaps the first place in regard of merit should be given to the Fiftieth and last Assembly,” ii. 175, 176

[The figures in italics under each Assembly of Harîri denote the page where each assembly and the notes thereon begin; the other figures denote the references to each.]

Assembly the 1st.—i. 37, 108, 278, 294, 302, 328, 385, 387; ii. 211 Assembly the 2nd.—i. 106, 112, 274, 285, 303, 304, 319, 338, 356, 357, 384, 448, 453; ii. 217 Assembly the 3rd.—i. 55, 75, 97, 117, 229, 295, 300, 310, 344, 381 Assembly the 4th.—i. 121, 302, 328, 331, 365, 394, 417, 463, 473 Assembly the 5th.—i. 55, 126, 300, 304, 308, 322, 398, 417, 500; ii. 220 Assembly the 6th.—i. 75, 132, 274, 321, 349, 396, 414, 416, 446, 524 Assembly the 7th.—i. 139, 328, 334, 339, 417, 509; ii. 258 Assembly the 8th.—i. 75, 79, 145, 336, 347; ii. 71, 113 Assembly the 9th.—i. 151, 344, 436; ii. 141 Assembly the 10th.—i. 158, 336, 339, 351, 381, 393, 409, 456, 465, 532, 537 Assembly the 11th.—i. 163, 364, 375, 429, 490; ii. 254 Assembly the 12th.—i. 80, 168, 289, 353, 368, 420, 435, 538; ii. 281 Assembly the 13th.—i. 176, 296, 299, 355, 380, 391, 396, 477; ii. 225 Assembly the 14th.—i. 181, 391, 465; ii. 289 Assembly the 15th.—i. 185, 398, 407, 419, 434, 449; ii. 269 Assembly the 16th.—i. 194, 274, 308, 408, 410, 422, 456, 463, 480, 483 Assembly the 17th.—i. 41, 200, 274, 288, 322, 402, 419, 442 Assembly the 18th.—i. 206, 371, 414, 417, 427, 441, 464; ii. 255 Assembly the 19th.—i. 214, 287, 320, 324, 408, 443, 450, 456, 527; ii. 256 Assembly the 20th.—i. 36, 220, 452, 460, 464 Assembly the 21st.—i. 223, 455; ii. 275, 297 Assembly the 22nd.—i. 11, 229, 383, 409, 469; ii. 239 Assembly the 23rd.—i. 234, 274, 340, 480, 486, 500 Assembly the 24th.—i. ix., 72, 243, 274, 493, 497, 499: ii. 221 Assembly the 25th.—i. 106, 253, 274, 514 Assembly the 26th.—i. 75, 258, 274, 348, 363, 449, 460, 488, 524, 537; ii. 237 Assembly the 27th.—i. 277, 417, 441, 539; ii. 1, 187, 206, 246 Assembly the 28th.—i. 75, 274, 526; ii. 8, 15, 191, 194, 197 Assembly the 29th.—i. 75, 79, 274, 290, 434, 526; ii. 14, 71, 113, 194, 261 Assembly the 30th.—i. 76, 215, 287; ii. 24, 198, 200, 296 Assembly the 31st.—i. 76, 416; ii. 31, 201 Assembly the 32nd.—i. 34, 77, 79, 81, 82, 274, 284, 305, 319, 402, 455, 489; ii. 37, 38, 132, 204 Assembly the 33rd.—i. 78, 291, 294, 382; ii. 50, 58, 208 Assembly the 34th.—i. 78, 318, 383, 472; ii. 62, 211, 273 Assembly the 35th.—i. 71, 79, 460; ii. 71, 113, 217 Assembly the 36th.—i. 73, 79, 81, 490, 514, 525; ii. 74, 113, 219, 239, 302 Assembly the 37th.—i. 72, 79, 280, 311, 318, 332, 383, 418, 525, 537; ii. 83, 224, 233 Assembly the 38th.—i. 79, 390, 431, 531; ii. 89, 234, 235, 244, 263 Assembly the 39th.—i. 80, 412, 418, 495; ii. 93, 238 Assembly the 40th.—i. 80, 82, 152, 347, 484; ii. 101, 102, 141, 142, 243, 290, 298, 306 Assembly the 41st.—i. 81, 336, 368, 399; ii. 108, 109, 251, 253 Assembly the 42nd.—i. 81, 341; ii. 113, 255 Assembly the 43rd.—i. 81, 310, 312, 370; ii. 119, 260, 263, 266 Assembly the 44th.—i. 81, 299, 303, 402, 485, 522, 527; ii. 132, 273, 277, 278 Assembly the 45th.—i. 36, 82, 348, 391, 460; ii. 141, 142, 279 Assembly the 46th.—i. 82, 274, 311, 321, 368, 471, 500, 524, 525; ii. 146, 267, 284, 289, 305 Assembly the 47th.—i. 37, 38, 83, 272, 321, 479; ii. 156, 290 Assembly the 48th.—i. 21, 24, 37, 83, 108; ii. 163, 175, 214, 245, 295 Assembly the 49th.—i. 37, 83, 287, 288, 332, 382, 402, 406, 537; ii. 169, 299 Assembly the 50th.—i. 6, 7, 9, 37, 83, 296, 382, 431; ii. 175, 305 Assyrians, ii. 240 Astronomy, i. 100 Aswad [Al], son of Munthir, King of Hira, i. 377, 496 Aswad [Al], the rival prophet slain at the time of Mohammed’s death, i. 279 Athenian, i. 6 Athens, i. 88 Atlas, Mount, i. 344 A‘yâṣ, The five, of the tribe of Koraysh. These were five sons of ‘Abd Shems, who had all similar names, i. 376 ‘Âyisheh, third wife of the Prophet, i. 14, 93, 308, 337, 329, 353, 355, 364, 383, 390, 401, 418, 430, 473; ii. 293 ‘Ayn ibn Ḍobay‘, father of Nawâr, wife of the poet Farazdaḳ, i. 350 Âzar, father of Abraham, i. 467 Azâriḳah, a fanatical sect, implacable enemies of the House of Omayyah, or the Omayyides, i. 326, 327 Azd, an Arab ancestor, i. 423. See Benû Azd Azerbijan, the north-west province of the present Persian monarchy, i. 132 Azz ad Din al Muḳaddasi, a writer of moral allegories, edited by Garcin de Tassy, i. 277 Babylon, i. 209, 325, 434 Bacchanalian, i. 35, 168 Badî‘ az Zemân, or “The Wonder of the Time,” a title give to Hamadâni, i. 20, 26, 27, 105, 106, 186, 270–272, 278, 315, 455. See Hamadâni [Al] Bagdad, i. 5, 6, 18, 26–29, etc. See Appendix A Baghîḍ, an Arab tribe, i. 316 Bâhileh, one of the least esteemed of Arab tribes, i. 309, 520, 521 Bahman, a Persian Prince, i. 287 Baḥrayn, i. 10, 361, 446, 452 Bajazet i., the Ottoman Sultan, i. 489 Bajîleh, Tribe of, i. 353 Baki, a Turkish poet, i. vi. Bâḳil, a man of Rabî‘ah or of Iyâd, who had an impediment in his speech, and is alluded to in the proverb as “more tongue-tied than Bâḳil, i. 197, 263, 417, 537 Balaam, i. 44 Baldwin, one of the Crusaders, i. 13, 20, 489 Baqî‘, the cemetery of Medina, ii. 50 Barâjim, a tribe, i. 361 Barâḳish, wife of Loḳmân ibn ‘Âd, i. 516 Barka‘îd, a place described as the chief town of the Diyâr Rabî‘ah, and near Mowsil, i. 139, 140, 329 Barrah, a celebrated woman’s name among the Arabs; one sister of Temîm, another ancestress of Ḳoraysh, i. 318; ii. 225 Barrah, mother of the boy Zayd, i. 130, 132, 318; ii. 220 Basîṭ, an Arabic metre, i. 55, 56, 524 Basra X., i. 1, 3, 6–11, 13, 18, etc. See Appendix A Basrian, The, i. 90, 315 Basrians, The, i. 72, 503, 505 Basûs [Al], an Arab woman, i. 527, 528 Basûs, an Israelitish woman, i. 530 Basûs, War of, i. 74, 260, 317, 382, 449, 526, 527, 530; ii. 277 Bathîleh, or Sulayma, wife of the warrior Sakhr, the brother of Khansâ, the poetess, i. 388, 389 Batîḥah, Swamps of the, ii. 15, 22 Bâtir, an ancestor, i. 369 Baṭn Marr, in the territory of Mecca, i. 288 Battle of the Camel, ii. 293. See Mirkhond, Part ii., vol. iii., p. 212 Bawwân, The valley or pass of, i. 368 Bayḍâ, near Shiraz, and the birthplace of Sibawayh, the Grammarian, i. 498 Bayḍâwi, the Commentator on the Koran, i, 31, 39, 96, 97, 267–269, etc. See Appendix A Beautis of the I‘râb, or desinential syntax, a treatise on Grammar by Ḥarîri, i. 12 Becca, another pronunciation of Mecca, i. 391 Bedouin, i. 4, 64; ii. 1 Bedr, Battle of, i. 31, 324, 438, 440 Beggary or Begging, ii. 83, 85, 229 Beggary, Shame of, i. 280, 311 Bekr ibn Wâ‘il, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 352, 359, 515, 527 Belḳayn, a contraction of Benû’l Kayn, i. 340 Benjamin, youngest son of Jacob, i. 398, 417 Benû ‘Abs, an Arab tribe, i, 130, 316, 317 Benû ‘Âmir ibn Ṣa‘ṣa‘ah, i. 375 Benû Asad, i. 64, 340, 348, 357, 386, 388, 401, 408, 491 Benû Aṣfar, ii. 48, 207 Benû Azd, i. 353, 425, 426 Benû Bekr, i. 10, 455, 527, 529, 530 Benû Ḍabbah, i. 428 Benû Fezârah, i. 375, 376, 396, 491 Benû Ghassân, i. 64, 133, 138, 154, 248, 288, 289, 295, 327, 377, 496 Benû Ghaṭafân, i. 64, 316, 318, 387, 401, 405, 411, 428, 476 Benû Ḥarâm, i. 10, 21, 24; ii. 163, 164, 175 Benû Ḥarb, ii. 38 Benû Hilâl ibn ‘Âmir, i. 375, 376; ii. 246 Benû Hothayl, i. 64 Benû Iyâd, or Iyyâd, i. 64, 417, 538 Benû Ja‘far, i. 502 Benû Jothâm, i. 64 Benû Kand, ii. 272 Benû Khozâ‘ah, i. 64, 426, 434 Benû Kinâneh, i. 64, 434 Benû Ḳoḍâ‘ah, i. 64, 495 Benû Ḳoraysh, the most distinguished of the Arab tribes, i. 8, 16, 30, etc. See Appendix A Benû Lakham, i. 64 Benû ’l Ḥârith ibn Ka‘b, i. 428, 498, 537, 538 Benû Mâ ’as-samâ, ii. 199 Benû Mâzin, i, 497 Benû Murrah, i. 387 Benû Nomayr, i. 207; their descent, i. 427, 428 Benû ‘Oḳayl, i. 467 Benû Omayyeh, Mosque of the, i. 369; the tribe, i. 406 Benû Rabî‘ah, i. 64, 352 Benû Sa‘d ibn Thobyân, i. 351 Benû Salamân, i. 353 Benû Salîh, i. 288, 289 Benû Sa‘ṣa‘ah, i. 428 Benû Shaibah, ii. 38, 204 Benû Shaybân, a branch of the Benû Bekr, i. 529 Benû Sulaym, i. 387–389 Benû Taghlib, i. 10, 376, 448, 527, 529, 530 Benû Ṭay, i. 292, 348, 426, 491 Benû Temîm, a distinguished Arab tribe, i. 10, 31, 38, 64, 94, 273, 349, 352, 361, 430, 434–436, 453, 497, 527; ii. 83, 214, 225, 231 Benû Thaḳîf, i. 64, 405 Benû ‘Uzrah, ii. 114, 255, 280 Benû Yarbû‘, i. 518 Beyrout, i. 41, 98, 367; ii. 197, 198, 226, 241, 244, 263, 268, 280 Bible, The, i. 45–47, 85, 97, 316, 407; ii. 206 Biblical, i. 88 Bidpai, Fables of, i. 33 Bilḳîs, Queen of Sheba, i. 80, 283, 425; ii. 104, 245 Black Sea, ii. 252 Bohemian, ii. 1 Boḥtori [Al], the Poet, 14, 292, 294, 418, 482, 487. See Abû ‘Obâdeh Bokhari [Al], the Traditionist, i. 268, 316, 365, 393 Borâk, the name of the animal on which Mohammed made the reputed night journey to heaven, ii. 253 Bosphorus, The, i. 4 Boulak, i. 300, 315, 508; ii. 241 Bunduqah, the name of a tribe, or a pellet, ii. 104, 249, 250 Bûrân, probably the wife of Mâmun, the seventh Abbaside Khalif, i. 80; ii. 104, 246 Burdeh, The, or Poem of the mantle, by Ka‘b ibn Zohayr, i. 397, 501 Burjân, People of [the Danubian Bulgars], i. 466 Burkhardt’s “Travels in Arabia,” ii. 202 Burton, Sir Richard, the Traveller and Orientalist, ii. xi, 202 Butter-bags, Story of the woman of the two, ii. 157, 291 Buzurjmihr, minister of Nushirvân, King of Persia, ii. 303 Byzantine, i. 90, 381, 539 Byzantines, The, i. 22, 92, 391 Cabul, i. 467 Cæsar, name applied to Roman Emperors, i. 451, 491, 532 Cain, i, 43, 296, 340, 531, 538 Cairo, i. 25, 41; ii. 24, 25, 30, 306 Calcutta, i. 39, 99, 316, 481 Calendar, Arabian, i. 391 Callirhoe, or Antiochea, a very ancient city, so called under the Seleucidæ, afterwards named Edessa and Roha, i. 489 Cambridge, i. 101 Canaan, Land of, i. 44, 87 Canaan, or Yâm, the son of Noah who refused to enter the ark, i. 466 Canaan, the father of Nimrod, i. 369 Canticles, The, or Song of Solomon, i. 348, 425 Capella of the Pleiades, ii. 237 “Cassandra,” or “Alexandra,” of Lycophron, an iambic poem of 1470 lines, very famous in antiquity, i. 91 Caucasus, The, ii. 208 Cave, The men of the, or the seven sleepers alluded to in the Koran, i. 196, 414–416, 450 Cave, The, name of the 18th Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 414, 416; ii. 231 “Chalef elahmar’s Qasside,” edited by W. Ahlwardt, of Greifswald, i. 340 Charlemagne, i. 539 Chenery, Thomas, translator of the first twenty-six Assemblies of Harîri, ii. vii–xi, 31, 37, 89, 113, 146, 147, 214, 217, 218, 229, 239, 242, 246, 248, 269, 275, 277, 281, 289, 292, 298 Cherithim (see Ezekiel xxv. 16), i. 87 Chess, ii. 241 “Chiliads,” The, a work by John Tzetzes, i. 539, 540 China, ii. 310 Chinese, i. 344, 466 Chosroes, a title given to certain Persian kings, i. 31, 218, 451, 539; ii. 219 “Chrestomathie Arabe,” by De Sacy, i. 101, 139, 151, 270, 271, etc. See Appendix A Christ, i. 88, 425, 530 Christendom, i. 1 Christian, i. 3, 13, 32, 38, 45, 98, 267, 269, 350, 370, 385, 397, 414, 465, 489, 500; ii. 270, 271 Christianity, i. 289, 385, 537 Christians, i. 34, 46, 164, 322, 347, 421, 439, 442; ii. 113, 152, 256 Cities of the Plain, or the subverted cities, i.e., Sodom and Gomorrah, i. 431 Colocynth, i. 461, 462 Commentaries, i. 67, 70; ii. 199 Commentary, i. 77, 92 note, 101, 356, 362, 382, 390, 391, 394, 429, 436, 442, 446, 449, 495, 529, 531; ii. 1, 75, 187, 189, 243, 273, 274, 278, 296 Commentary of Bayâwi on the Koran, i. 96, 269, 312, 325, 404, 407, 432, 433; ii. 270 Commentary of De Sacy on Harîri’s Assemblies, i. 98, 269, 312, 318, 347, 370, 375, 381, 382, 385, 414, 420, 441, 444, 451, 456, 479, 482, 483, 487, 488, 495, 500, 518, 520, 525, 537; ii. 193, 195, 201, 205, 207, 225, 251, 256, 266, 276, 303, 305 Commentary of Harîri, ii. 189, 191, 219, 244, 273, 274, 277, 278 Commentary of Ibn ‘Aḳîl on Ibn Mâlik, i. 99 Commentary of Sa‘d at Taftazâni, i. 99 Commentary of Sherîshi, i. 308, 322, 350, 353, 356, 438, 451, 467, 483, 520; ii. 217, 259 Commentary of Tabrîzi, ii. 212 Commentary of Zamakshari on the Koran, i. 39, 97 Commentary on the Arab Proverbs, i. 362, 363, 385, 390 Commentary on the Mo‘allaḳah of ‘Amr ibn Kulthûm, i. 539 Commentary on the Mo‘allaḳah of Imr al Ḳays, i. 386 Commentary on the Mo‘allaḳah of Ṭarafeh, i. 407 Commentator, i. 39, 96, 265, 266, 294, 340, 357, 368, 413, 415, 420, 429, 444, 446, 471, 573, 504; ii. 299 Commentators, i. 39, 63, 70, 73, 90, 145, 329, 345, 414, 451; ii. 187, 202, 203, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 215, 218, 227, 236, 238, 240, 256, 258, 261, 265, 266, 276, 282, 290, 293, 300, 307, 309 Companions of the Prophet, i. 6, 14, 104, 401; ii. 28, 198, 200, 247, 265, 298 Composer, i. 231, 232 Composition, i. 230, 232, 234, 265, 273, 274, 297, 359, 382; ii. 156, 217, 251 Compositions, ii. 197 Confession or Shahâdeh of the Moslem faith, “There is no God but God, and Mohammed is the Apostle of God,” i. 392 Constantine, the Emperor, i. 289 Constantinople, i. 88, 90, 91, 320, 397, 491 Conundrums, i. 79, 81, 84, 274 Corinthians, Epistle to the, i. 279 Criticism, i. 47 Crusade, i. 3, 20, 347, 489; ii. 163 Crusaders, i. 13, 38 Ḍabbah, or Ḍabbat, son of Udd, son of Ṭâbikhah, son of Elyas, son of Moḍar, i. 428. The story about him, and how his name became connected with a proverb, i. 474, 475 Dachtenûs, wife of ‘Amr ibn ‘Odas, i. 74 Dâḥis, the name of a horse which caused the war of Dâhis, i. 316, 317 Dailamites, name of a people in Gîlân, ii. 137 Daj‘am, House of the, the reigning family of the Benû Salîh, i. 289 Damascus, i. 16, 57, 168, 206, 207, 368, 369, 437, 489 Damietta, i. 121 Damon, the Pythagorean, celebrated for his friendship with Pythias, i. 385 Damrah, son of Damrah, the judge in a munâfarah, who is said to have taken a bribe, i. 375 Daniel, Book of, i. 88, 380 Dârâ, or Darius, the Persian King, ii. 13 Dardanus, the mythical ancestor of the Trojans, i. 92 David, the King, i. 33, 44, 46 209, 267, 269, 291, 292, 422, 436, 453, 476; ii. 217, 222 Daylam, a region of which Rayy was the seat of government, i. 455. See Rayy Death, i. 150, 163, 165, 166, 224, 461, 488; ii. 4, 8, 10, 13, 23, 34, 180, 185, 229, 252, 310 Deborah, Song of, i. 44 Decius, the Emperor, i. 414 Dedan, one a brother of Sheba, son of Raamah, and another a brother of Sheba, grandson of Abraham, i. 426, 427 Denar and denars, i. 117, 119, 120, 141, 149, 158, 160, 210, 229, 233, 298, 300, 310, 470, 499; ii. 82, 163, 212, 265 Derenbourg, who, with Mr. Reinard, wrote the preface to the second edition of De Sacy’s Harîri, i. 3 note Deskereh, a place between Holwân and Bagdad, i. 257, 523 Deuteronomy, Book of, i. 44, 46, 516 Devil, The, i. 141, 378 Dictionary of Islam, by Hughes, ii. xi, 202, 205, 244, 245, 250, 306 Dieterici, editor of some Arabic poems, i. 300, 462 Dimeshḳ, son of Nimrod, son of Canaan, or, as others say, Dimeshḳ, son of Bâtir, son of Mâlek, son of Arphaxad, son of Shem, son of Noah. The Moslem legend is that Damascus received its name from its founder, Dimeshḳ, i. 369 Ḍirâr [Aḍ], the angel of Paradise, i. 350 Dirhem and dirhems, i. 139, 142, 149, 156, 298, 309, 408, 417, 470; ii. 14, 18, 65, 70, 144, 161, 212, 219, 230, 272, 294, 295 Dîwân, or collection of poems of any one author, i. 394, 427, 446, 447, 453, 479, 485, 491, 492, 525, 539; ii. 304 Diyâr Rabî‘ah, a country between Syria and Irak, i. 10, 139, 206, 215 Do‘aymiṣ of the Sands, a negro slave, i. 403 Dobays the Asadî, son of Sayf ad Dowleh Ṣadaḳah, the Arab prince of Ḥilleh, i. 38; ii. 100, 242 Dowsar, the name of a squadron of cavalry alluded to in a proverb, i. 436 Dozy Reinhardt, the eminent Dutch Orientalist, and author of several works, i. 459 Duprat, Benjamin, Libraire de l’Institut, Paris, i. 459 Durayd, brother of Hâshim, son of Ḥarmalah: the story about him, i. 387, 388 Durayd ibn Aṣ Ṣimmâh, a most celebrated hero and poet of his time, and held by the Arabs to be equal to ‘Antarah: the story about him and Khansâ, the poetess, i. 387, 390; ii. 282 ‘Durrah,’ The, or ‘Durrat al Ghawwâs,’ a work by Harîri, i. 280, 283, 290, 296, 304, 318, 331, 345, 347, 348, 400, 401, 409, 413, 418, 419, 427, 497, 511, 513, 524, 525, 538; ii. 212, 220, 233 East, The, i. vi, 3, 5, 13, 27, 34, 59, 90, 98, 204, 206, 262, 277, 285, 317, 352, 370, 410, 473, 477; ii. 57, 171, 179, 265, 278, 286, 308 Eastern, i. 1, 21, 32, 89, 112, 411, 451 Ecclesiastes, i. 86, 89 Ecclesiastical, i. 6 Eden, i. 30, 56 Edessa, a city in Northern Mesopotamia, i. 13, 21, 488, 489. See Roha Educational, i. 6, 12, 36 Egypt, i. 341, 398, 466, 471; ii. 25, 291, 306 Egyptian, ii. 62, 108, 213 Egyptians, i. 286, 341, 370, 392; ii. 240 Eirenopolis, the Byzantine name of Bagdad, i. 391 Elam, i. 87 Elephant, The men of the, viz., the soldiers of Abraheh, the Abyssinian, i. 331 Elephant, Year of the, i. 279 Elif, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, and prefixed to certain chapters of the Koran, i. 96 Elijah, i. 267 Emessa, or Ḥimṣ, i. 82, 337; ii. 146, 148, 284 Emperors of the East, i. 3 Endymion, i. 414 England, i. 534; ii. xi English, i. viii, x, 1, 45, 281, 294, 377, 401, 412, 453, 462, 504, 505, 534; ii. xi 74, 132, 147, 192, 218, 221, 225, 237, 251, 253, 254, 259, 263, 264, 266–268, 289 Englishman, i. 283, 400 Englishmen, i. 70; ii. 89 Enoch, i. 207 Ephesus, i. 414 Esau, i. 44 Euphrates, The, i. 9, 158, 168, 229, 374, 445; ii. 219 Euphuists, The, of the polished cities of Irak, i. 215 Europe, i. 47, 78, 92, 323, 473, 531, 539; ii. 37 European, i. ix., x., 46, 58, 59, 66, 98, 101, 112, 176, 243, 273, 275, 285, 373, 459, 504, 534, 535; ii. viii, 279 Europeans, i. 1, 83, 132, 270; ii. 192 Eve, i. 342, 398, 415 Ewald, G. H. A., a German Orientalist and critic, and author of “Dichter des Alten Bundes” and “Ausführliches Lehrbuch des Hebräischen Sprache,” i. 88 note, 514 Exodus, Book of, i. 44, 46, 87, 409, 425, 521 Ezekiel, the Prophet, i. 87, 88, 325, 446 Fables, i. 32, 33, 107, 277, 477, 478 Faḍl [Al] al Ḳasbâni, a Grammarian and teacher of Ḥarîri, i. 10 Fajandîhi [Al], or Fanjadîhi, an author mentioned in Sherîshi’s Commentary, ii. 163 Falak [Al], the name of the 113th Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 52, 452 Farazdaḳ [Al], the Poet, i. 157, 318, 349, 350, 406, 436, 458, 485, 523; ii. 225, 248 Farḍ, an observance commanded by the Koran, or by the most weighty Tradition, an obligatory duty, i. 329, 411, 412. See Nefl Farghânah, name of a region and city of Transoxiana, now in the Khanate of Kokan, i. 152, 344 Farhad, the Sculptor. His fatal love for Shîrîn is a favourite subject in Persian poetry, ii. 245 “Fariac, La vie et les aventures de,” written in Arabic by Fâris ash Shidyâḳ, which see, i. 458, 483 Farîd ad Dîn ‘Aṭṭâr, the Persian poet and mystic, i. 277 Faris ash Shidyâk, a Syrian author possessed of an extraordinary knowledge of the Arab vocabulary, i. 367, 458, 459, 483 Farḳadân, The, two bright stars in the Little Bear, i. 143, 239, 336, 494 Fast and Fasting, ii. 37, 43–45, 206 Fate, the Father of Wonders, i. 129, 314 Father of various qualities and things, i. 218, 219, 274, 450, 451 Fâṭimeh, daughter of Mohammed, ii. 271 Fâṭimeh, daughter of Rabî‘ah, sister of Mohalhil, and mother of Imr al Ḳays, the poet, i. 60, 448 Fayd, a place in the Nejd, halfway between Mecca and Bagdad, i. 130, 316 Finance, Minister of, his qualities and his duties, i. 232 Find, a freedman of ‘Âyishah bint Sa‘d, ii. 156; the story about him, ii. 291 Firâseh, an Arab term for (1) skill in judging of a horse; (2) art of physiognomy; (3) discernment generally, i. 332 Firdousi, the great Persian poet, i. 5, 526, 539 Fire of war, and other traditional fires, i. 226, 463 Fire, People of the, i.e., the inhabitants of Hell, i. 213, 441; ii. 202, 296 Firûzâbâdi, the author of the “Kâmûs,” ii. 219 Flügel, the well-known German Orientalist, i. 266; ii. 208 Foḥûl ash Shu‘arâ, or “the Heroes of the Poets,” a collection of poetical pieces like the “Hamâseh,” i. 57 Foḳaym, a family belonging to the Temîm tribe, i. 453 France, i. 534 Frankish, i. 100 Franklin, Dr., i. 316 Franks, i. 13, 21, 23, 489; ii. 163 French, i. 312, 458; ii. 196, 250 Freytag: his translation of Arab Proverbs into Latin in three volumes is well known, a standard work often quoted in these two volumes, i. 273, 277, 298, 324, 366, 367, 392, 397, 398, 403, 405, 430, 500; ii. xi, 278 Friday, ii. 191, 299 Fuḳahâ, or jurisconsults, i. 4 Funerals described in the “Kitâb al janâ’iz,” in the first volume of Bokhâri, i. 365 Furât [Al], The sons of, i. 229; full details about them, i. 469–471. These were four brothers, who became highly distinguished in the service of several of the Abbaside Khalifs. The family generally were able official administrators Fuzail [Al], a celebrated devotee and ascetic, ii. 13, 194 Gabriel, the Angel, i. 31, 267, 268, 233, 416, 440, 445, 452, 474, 531; ii. 254 Galen [Jâlînûs], the physician, i. 473; ii. 193 Garden, People of the, i.e., the inhabitants of Paradise, i. 213; ii. 296 Genesis, Book of, i. 87, 312, 348, 380, 426 German, i. 2, 354; ii. 141, 147, 301 Germany, ii. 146 Gesenius, Frederick H. W., a distinguished German Orientalist, i. 336, 340, 354, 357, 368, 380 Ghabrâ, a mare, one of the causes of the war of Dâḥis, i. 317 Ghaḍa, a wood proverbial for making a powerful and lasting fire, i. 321, 360; ii. 158 Ghânah, a city of the Sûdân, i. 152, 344, 345 Ghassân, a lake, i. 288, 425 Ghassân ibn Wa‘leh, a poet, i. 435 Ghassân, Kings, princes, nobles, and race of, i. 113, 127, 130, 154, 286, 289, 295, 327, 362, 426, 519 Ghassân, Tharîd of, a highly-esteemed Arab food, i. 383 Ghassânide, i. 289 Ghaṭafân, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 411, 427. See Benû Ghaṭafân Ghaylân, or Ghailân, the poet, ii. 3, 189 Ghazal, or ode, one of the four kinds of Persian poetry, i. 62 note Ghazzâli [Al], the lawyer, mystic, and philosopher. His works are very numerous, and all very instructive, i. 392 Gholayyân, a camel stallion, i. 528 Ghomdân, The, a palace of Ṣan‘â, the most magnificent edifice in ancient Arabia, i. 279, 280 Ghûl, and Ghûls, malignant demons, or goblins of a nature akin to the Jinn, i. 4, 329, 330, 398; ii. 87 Ghûṭah, The. This is the fertile plain on which the city of Damascus is situated. It means “a well-watered plain,” i, 169, 368 Gibbon, i. 391 Glass, i. 206–208, 211, 229, 434 Godfrey, the Crusader, i. 20, 489 Gold, i. 117, 229, 233, 264, 434, 481; ii. 55, 72, 75, 78, 92, 97, 107, 110, 138, 163, 175, 207, 212, 216, 237, 253, 260 Göttingen, i. 373 Grammar, i. v, 7, 10, 12, etc. See Appendix A Grammarian, i. 8, 65, 312, 377, 498; ii. 245, 248, 306 Grammarians, i. 39, 72, 90, 98, 251, 275, 300, 395, 438, 502–506, 508, 514, 533; ii. 197, 214, 218, 304 Grammatical, i. vi, ix, 7, 12, 15, etc. See Appendix A Granada, The Vega of, i. 368; the cold of, i. 515 Greece, i. 46 Greek, i. 1, 34, 64, 66, 84, 88, 90, 92, 279, 313, 345, 357, 405, 415, 492; ii. 94, 229, 275 Greeks, i. 5, 69, 73, 82, 90, 320, 355, 381, 443; ii. 48, 146, 163, 168, 192, 207, 219, 305 Guadalquivir, The, i. 27 Guebres, or fire-worshippers, i. 322 Gulistan of Sa‘di, i. 5, 473; ii. 235 Ḥabîb ibn ‘Ows, i. 57; commonly known as Abû Temmâm, which see Ḥabîb, the carpenter, i. 531 Hâbîl, i. 296. See Abel Ḥadâ‘iḳ al Balagheh, or gardens of eloquence, a Persian treatise on rhetoric and plagiarism, translated by Garcin de Tassy, Paris, 1844, i. 481 Hâdi [Al], the fourth Abbaside Khalif, i. 493 Ḥaḍramowt, a province of Arabia, i. 438, 441, 445; ii. 119, 122, 123, 256, 263, 264 Ḥafiz [Al] al Bendehi, the Imam, i. 24 Hafiz, the Persian poet, i. 451; ii. 217 Ḥajj, The, or Pilgrimage, i. 76, 391–393; ii. 31, 33, 34, 38, 46, 47, 117, 202, 204, 259, 280 Ḥajjaj [Al] ibn Yusûf, commonly called “The Tyrant,” i. 65, 94, 474, 520; ii. 194, 247, 255 Hajji Khalfeh, a Turkish historian and geographer, but an Arabic encyclo-pædist and bibliographer, i. 269; ii. x Ḥakam [Al] ibn ‘Abd Yaghûth, the Manḳarî, the best archer of his time: the story about him, i. 404 Ḥâkim Abû Sa‘îd, i. 270, 271. See Abû Sa‘îd Ḥâkim [Al], the ninth Spanish Khalif, i. 34 Ḥalfeh, a nun, i. 350 Ham, one of the sons of Noah, i. 228, 466, 467; ii. 121, 260 Hamadân, a town and country, i. 18, 105, 364, 426, 514 Hamadâni [Al], poet, reciter, and author, the first person who composed an Assembly, i. 13; his birth and death, i. 18; his Assemblies, i. 19, 20, 25, 27; other references to him, i. 28, 30, 35, 37, 38, 62, 105, 186, 207, 270, 272, 305. See Badî‘ az Zemân Ḥamâseh, The, a collection of fragments from the warrior and other poets of the pre-Islamitic period, compiled by Abû Temmâm, himself a good poet of the third century of the Hijra [a.d. 816–913], i. 55, 57, etc. See Appendix A Hamazân, an Arab tribe, ii. 197 Ḥammâd ibn Selemeh, the Grammarian and instructor of Aṣma‘î and Sîbawayh, i. 498 Ḥammâd, the great reciter, called Ar Rawiah, and famous for his great knowledge of Arab poetry, etc., i. 17, 383, 384. See Abû ’l Ḳâsim Ḥammâd Hammer Purgstall, Baron Joseph von, German Orientalist, i. 320, 390, 399, 430 Ḥamzah al Isfahani, ii. 293 Hamzah, the ninth son of Abd al Muttalib, the grandfather of Mohammed, and killed at Ohud, i. 401, 473; ii. 245 Hamzeh, The sign of, and its application, i. 533–536; ii. 153, 264 Haram ibn Koṭbah, the Fezâri, who was judge in the most celebrated munâfarah of the Ignorance, i. 375, 488 Ḥarâmîyeh [Al], the name of the forty-eighth Assembly of Ḥarîri, but said to be the first that was written, i. 21, 24, 37, 83, 108; ii. 163 Harb, an Arab tribe, ii. 38. See Benû Harb Ḥarb and Murrah, the most hateful names to God, i. 278 Ḥarb, the grandfather of Mu‘âwiyeh, the first Omayyide Khalif, i. 439 Ḥarim ibn Sinân, a noble Arab of the Ignorance, i.e., before Islam, ii. 212 Ḥarîri [Al], the author of these Assemblies (his biography, i. 3–13; further biography, i. 20–30, 32–40; explanation about the connection between Harîri and Ḥârith, son of Hammâm, i. 278; his full name described, i. 315). For the complete number of references to Ḥarîri see Appendix A Ḥarîri, Arabic text of his Assemblies, ii. iii, ix Hâris [Al], ii. 224, read Al Ḥârith Ḥârith ibn ‘Abbâd, the owner of the celebrated horse Ibnu ’n-na‘âmeh, ii. 198 Hârith [Al], a name for the Devil, i. 378 Ḥârith [Al] ibn ‘Amr al Kindi, the legend about him, i. 299 Ḥârith [Al] ibn ‘Amr, King of Kinda, connected with a proverb, i. 356 Ḥârith ibn Ḥillizeh, a poet, and author of one of the seven Mo‘allakât, i. 56, 61, 383 Ḥârith [Al] ibn Ka‘b: the story about him, i. 474, 475 Ḥârith [Al] ibn Sulayk, the Asadi, connected with a proverb, i. 408 Ḥârith [Al], the son of Hammâm, the Râwi or Reciter of Abû Zayd throughout these Assemblies. Under the name of Al Ḥârith, son of Hammâm, Ḥarîri is supposed to have signified himself, i. 278. For the complete number of references to Hârith, see Appendix A Ḥârith, the Ghassâni prince: the story about him, i. 492 Hârûn ar Reshîd, the fifth Abbaside Khalif, i. 18, 34, 72, 285, 319, 320, 351, 437, 455, 498, 499, 515; ii. 245, 279 Hârût and Mârût, i. 434. For the story about them compare Koran, ii. 96; Mirkhond, Part i., vol. i., and Bayḍâwi Ḥasâ, a town, ii. 265 Ḥasan [Al], son of ‘Ali, the fourth Khalifah, ii. 229, 278, 288 Ḥasan [Al], Abû Sa’îd al Baṣri, proverbial for pulpit eloquence and a great devotee, i. 81, 350, 467, 468; ii. 104, 165, 247, 298, 306 Hâshim, son of Harmalah, i. 387, 388 Hâshim, the ancestor of Mohammed, i. 269, 320, 332, 383, 520, 523 Ḥassân ibn Thâbit, a blind poet, and in favour of Mohammed, i. 429–431, 518, 519 Ḥassân ibn Tobba‘, King of Yemen, i. 381 Ḥaṭi’eh [Al], a poet, i. 482 Hatim Ṭay, a man famous for his generosity, i. 300, 471, 472; ii. 140, 278 Ḥayy ibn Yaḳzân, the Living, son of the Awakened, the hero in the philosophical romance of Abû Ja‘far ibn Ṭofayl, i. 278, 467 Hebraists, i. 46 Hebrew, i. vi, 32, 43–48, etc. See Appendix A Hell, i. 412, 439, 441, 460; ii. 192, 193, 253, 279 Heraclius, the Emperor, i. 289, 442 Herat, i. 18, 270, 272 Herodotus, i. 354, 404, 405 Heshbon, i. 87. See Jeremiah xlviii. 2 Hezej, an Arabic metre, i. 330, 349, 366 Hida‘ah may be the name of a tribe or a hawk, ii. 104, 249, 250 Hijâz, a district or province of Arabia, i. 9, 63, 288, 295, 350, 376, 406, 432, 516; ii. 290 Ḥijr [Al], the country between Hijâz and Syria, i. 432 Ḥijra, or Mohammedan era, i. 3, 7, 17, etc. See Appendix A Ḥiḳf, a strip of sand on the sea-coast of Ash Shihr in Yemen, i. 441 Ḥilleh, a place, i. 38 Ḥimṣ, or Emessa, i. 82, 336; ii. 146, 148, 155, 284, 285 Ḥimṣi, one born at Hims, ii. 284 Ḥimyar, a place, and a tribe or race of early Arabs, i. 359, 382, 438, 448, 527 Ḥimyar, son of Saba, or ‘Abd Shems, i. 426 Ḥimyarite, i. 381 Ḥimyaritic, i. 426 Hind, a country, i. 467 Hind, mother of ‘Amr, King of Hira, i. 360, 361 Hindustani, i. 84 Hira, city of, i. 495, 519 Hira, Kings of, i. 10, 42, 74, 286, 289, 358, 377, 385; ii. 199 Hirr, mistress of Imr al Kays, the poet, i. 337 Hishâm, the tenth ‘Omayyide Khalif, i. 17, 320, 349, 350, 371, 383, 384 Hishâm ibn al Kelbi relates the story about the man of Johayneh, i. 475, 476 History, i. 63, 71, 98 Hitopodesa, or Friendly Advice, a Sanscrit story-book, i. 33 Ḥobâb [Al], the keeper of the idols at Thamûd, i. 433 Hobal, an Arab idol, i. 325 Ḥodaybiyeh [Al], a place where a treaty was made between Mohammed and the Koraysh, i. 442 Hojr, or Ḥajr, a place in Yemâmeh, i. 397; ii. 156, 290, 291 Ḥojr, the father of Imr al Kays, the poet, i. 386, 491 Ḥolwân, a town in Irak, east of Bagdad, i. 106, 112, 113, 274, 285, 472, 523 Ḥolwân ibn ‘Ali ibn Koḍâ‘ah, the founder of the town of Holwân, i. 285 Ḥomaya, daughter of Bahman, i. 287 Homer, i. 8 Homeric, ii. 268 Ḥonayf al Hanâtim: story about him and the subject of a proverb, i. 403 Ḥonayn, Shoes of, i. 162, 260, 363, 532 Horace, i. vii, 430 Horse race, Separate names for the positions of the different horses in a, i. 487 Ḥosayn [Al] ibn ‘Abd Yaghûth: the story about him and his brother Ḥakam, i. 404 Hosayn [Al], the son of ‘Ali, the fourth Khalifah, i. 162, 350, 363, 406, 458; ii. 288 Ḥosayn ibn ‘Amr ibn Mo‘âwiat ibn Kilâb, or, as others say, Ḥosayn of Ghaṭafân, a vagabond, i. 476 Hospitality, i. 193, 409 Hothayfeh, or Ḥothayfet ibn Bedr, owner of Ghabrâ, a mare, who was the cause of the war of Dâḥis, i. 317 Ḥowrâ, First and second day of, i. 387, 388 Hûd, the Prophet, i. 213, 267, 268, 423; his pedigree, i. 441, 442. About him compare the Koran, Tabari, and Mirkhond Hughes, the author of the ‘Dictionary of Islam,’ ii. xi, 202, 244 Ḥuhâḥib [Al or Abû], said to have been a miser, and the story about him, ii. 241 Ḥulwân bin ‘Imrân, father of Khindaf, which see, ii. 246 Ḥunain, Battle of, ii. 157 Husheng, one of the Peshdâdian Persian kings, i. 455. See Mirkhond, Part i., vol. ii., and Tabari Huskisson, i. 71 Ḥuṭamah [Al], the crushing, a Koranic expression applied to Hell, ii. 11, 193 Huthalî, or Huthalîyun, Dîvân, i. 367, 539 Iblîs, the Moslem name for the Devil, i, 175, 273, 296, 378, 379, 440; ii. 57, 258, 280 Ibn ‘Abbâs, cousin to Mohammed, and the greatest of the early expounders of the Koran, i. 143, 332, 333, 379, 415, 483; ii. 222, 226. See Abdallah ibn ‘Abbâs Ibn Abî Ṭarafeh: his story about the Arab, i. 346 Ibn Adham, ii. 272. See Ibrâhim, son of Adham Ibn Aḥmar, a poet, i. 518 Ibn ‘Aḳîl, a commentator, i. 99, 300, 503 Ibn al Anbâri, a poet, i. 487 Ibn al Ghazz, the Ayâdi, a very strong man: story about him and the woman, i. 490 Ibn al Ḥajjâj, a poet of the fourth century of the Hijra, a rival of Ibn Sukkereh, i. 523 Ibn al ‘Ishrîn, or the youth of twenty years, a name applied to the poet Ṭarafeh, i. 361 Ibn al Kalbi, ii. 278 Ibn al Moḳaffa‘, or Muqaffa‘, the Persian translator and author, i. 33; ii. 303. See Abdullah ibn al Moḳaffa‘ Ibn ‘Arabshah, the historian and author of the history of Timur, or Tamer-lane, i. 50, 98 Ibn Ar Rûmi, a poet, ii. 296 Ibn Batûtah, Geographer and Traveller, ii. 224 Ibn Dorayd, a composer of forty stories full of rare and strange phrases, i. 271; ii. 45. See Abu Bekr Ibn al Hosayn Ibn Fâris ar Râzi, the Poet and Grammarian, i. 270, 455 Ibn Hishâm, the Historian, and author of the Sîrat ar Resul, i. 371, 502, 513, 514 Ibn Ḳanbar, a poet, ii. 267 Ibn Khaldûn, the Historian, i. 64, 65, 289, 438, 497 Ibn Khallikân, the Biographer, i. 7, 10, 25, etc. See Appendix A Ibn Ḳorayb, a reciter, and famed for his knowledge of Arab tradition, i. 81; ii. 104 Ibn Mâlik, the Grammarian, and author of the “Alfîyeh,” i. 12, 55, 98, 99, 273, 290, 300, 442, 496, 503, 509 Ibn Mas‘ûd, one of the ten most intimate Companions of the Prophet, ii. 286 Ibn Morr, The dogs of, i. 355 Ibn Muḳlah, the Calligrapher, ii. 272 Ibn Muslimeh, a poet, i. 345 Ibn ‘Omar handed down a tradition, ii. 191 Ibn Qitri, Kadi of Al Mazar, ii. 163 Ibn Rashiḳ, the Poet, i. 301 Ibn Sam‘ûn, a celebrated preacher, i. 224, 456–458 Ibn Ṣârah, a poverty-stricken poet of Spain, i. 515, 516. See Abu Mohammed ibn Sarat Ibn Sinbis, The dogs of, i. 355 Ibn Sîrîn, a celebrated interpreter of dreams, ii. 286 Ibn Sirîn, a great lawyer of Basra, i. 350, 351 Ibn Sukkereh, an elegant poet of the fourth century of the Hijra, and rival of Ibn al Ḥajjâj, i. 253, 257, 523 Ibn Surayj, a great doctor of the rite of Shâfi‘î, and Kadi of Shiraz, i. 161, 358, 399 Ibn Surayj, a musician, i. 437 Ibn Ṭofayl, an Arab writer, i. 467. See Abû Ja‘far Ibnu ’n-Na’âmeh, name of a celebrated horse, ii. 25, 198 Ibrâhim, son of Adham, a magnate of Khorasan who renounced his wealth and lived in poverty, ii. 18, 196, 272 Ibrâhim, the father of Isaac, or Isḥâḳ, the musician, he himself being also a celebrated musician of his time, i. 437 ‘Îd and ‘Îdi, name of a celebrated camel, or of a breed of camels connected with ‘Îd ibn Mahrah, ii. 140, 277 ‘Îd, a feast which terminates the pilgrimage, ii. 259 Idrîs, or Ibn Idris, stands for Ash Shâfa‘î, whose full name is Abû Abdallah Mohammed ibn Idris Ash Shâfa‘î, ii. 57. See Shâfi‘î ‘Ifrît, or ‘Afrit, i. 345, 379; ii. 118. See Afrit Ignorance, Time of, or Arabs of the, i.e., before Mohammed’s time, and before Islâm, i. ix, 8, 14, etc. See Appendix A Iḥrâm, the pilgrim’s cloak, i. 392, 393; ii. 280 Ij‘âm, or system of diacritical pointing now in use in Arabic writing, i. 94 ‘Ijli [Al], a powerful Arab family, i. 515 Ikhlâṣ, The, or 112th Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 52 Iḳtibâs, or quotations from the Koran or other works, i. vi, 281, 483 Ikhtiyârât, or Selections, a compilation similar to the Hamâseh by Abû Temmâm, i. 57 ‘Illîyûn, a word used in the Koran, but about which there is a diversity of opinion, i. 268 ‘Imâd ad Dîn, secretary to the Sultan Saladin, i. 11, 26 ‘Imâd ad Dîn, the Sultan, i. 489 Imâm, i. 24, 243, 358, 416, 490; ii. 20, 104, 165, 235, 256, 257 Imams, i. 5; ii. 43 Imamship, ii. 43 Improviser, i. 19, 20, 62 Imr al Ḳays, the Poet, and author of one of the Mo‘allakât, i. 14, 16, 56, 60; son of Mohalhil’s sister Fâṭimeh, i. 61, etc. See Appendix A Index, i. x; ii. vii–x India, i. 9 Indian, i. vi Indian Ocean, ii. 252, 306 Indus, The river, i. 4, 27 Introduction [Chenery’s], i. x, 1–102, 469, 496, 498, 526; ii. 31, 218 Invocation, i. 50 Irak, i. 3, 4, 10, etc. See Appendix A Iran, i. vi, 539 Irem, son of Shem, i. 479 Irem thât al ‘Imâd, or Irem with the Columns, the city of Sheddâd, an ancient legendary city in the deserts of Yemen, mentioned in the Koran, i. 368, 369, 441, 468; ii. 9 Irish, ii. 287 ‘Îsa, Moslem name of Jesus, ii. 197 Isaac, or Ishâk ibn Ibrâhim, commonly known as Ibn an Nadîm al Mowṣili, a great and celebrated musician, i. 437, 438 Isaac, son of Abraham, i. 44, 87, 267, 464; ii. 206 ‘Îsa ibn Hishâm, the narrator in Hamádâni’s Assemblies, i. 19, 105 ‘Isa ibn ‘Omar, one of the instructors of Sibawayh, i. 498 Isaiah, i. 47, 60, 86–88, 406; ii. 240 ‘Iṣâm, son of Shahbar, a man who rose by his own merits to be chamberlain to No‘mân ibn al Munthir, King of Hira, known as No‘mân Abû Ḳâbûs, i. 255, 518–520 ‘Iṣâmi, a person who rises by his own merits, i. 520 Isfendiyâr, a Persian hero, i. 31, 287, 539 Isḥâḳ ibn Khalaf, a poet, i. 435 Ishmael, or Ismâ‘îl, son of Abraham, i. 267, 466 Iskandarî [Al], ii. 162 Islâm, i. 1, 4, 9, 10, etc. See Appendix A Islâmi, i.e., one who was born after the rise of Islâm, i. 67 Ispahan, i. 514, 515 Israel, i. 44, 87, 465, 530 Israelite, i. 373 Israelites, The, i. 354, 521 Italian, i. 59, 74; ii. 221 Italy, i. 92 Iyâs, called “al Muzanî,” was Kadi of Basra, and celebrated for his wonderful acuteness, i. 143, 196, 333; stories about him, i. 334, 335, 417. See Abû Wâthilet Iyâs Iyâs, one of the Companions of the Prophet, and grandfather of the above, i. 334 Izâr, a waist-wrapper or loin-cloth, i. 33, 396, 397; ii. 33, 94, 139, 202 Jack the Giant-killer, i. 59 Jâbir, or Khalid ibn ‘Amr al-Mazani, a man skilled in reading footprints, ii. 283 Jacob, the Patriarch, i. 44, 78, 161, 184, 267, 357, 398; ii. 5, 170, 185, 206, 216, 300, 310 Jafneh, a prince of the family of Ghassân, i. 289, 426 Jaḥdar ibn Dobay‘ah, a poet, i. 530 Jabr, i.e., constraint, or unlimited predestination, i. 467 Jair, the sons of, i. 86. See Judges x. 4 Jalinus, the physician, i. 473. See Galen Jamrât (or Jamrah) of the Arabs, name applied to three tribes, two of whom became extinct, i. 428 Japhet, one of the sons of Noah, i. 87, 228, 466 Jâr Allah, or “the neighbour of God,” a name given to Zamakshari, which see, i. 39 Jathîmet al Abrash, or Jathîmeh, King of Hira, i. 42, 73, 244, 277, 494, 495; ii. 190, 206 Jauhari, author of a celebrated dictionary called the “Ṣiḥâḥ,” ii. 224, 225, 236 Jayrûn, The gate of; Jayrûn is said to be the name of an ancient patriarch, son of the builder of Damascus, i. 169, 173, 369, 370 Jebeleh, or Jebelet ibn al Ayham, the last prince of Ghassân, i. 289, 396, 397; ii. 18, 196 Jedîd, a Persian metre, i. 57 Jedîs, an Arab ancestor and primeval tribe, i. 381, 466 Jehovah, i. 44 Jehuda the Rabbin, son of Al Khâriji. He wrote some Assemblies in Hebrew, i. 97 Jelâl ad Dîn ‘Amîd ad Dowlat ibn Ṣadaḳah, the Wazir, i. 26 Jelâl ad Dîn Mohammed, author of the “Talkhîs al Miftâḥ,” a work on rhetoric, i. 99 Jelîleh and Mâwîyeh, wives of Kolayb Wâ’il, and daughters of Morrat ibn Thohl ibn Shayban ibn Tha‘labeh, i. 527 Jelûleh, Battle of, 285 Jenûb, the sister of ‘Amr thû ’l kelb, a poetess, i. 367 Jeremiah, i. 60, 87, 354, 377, 393, 434; ii. 240 Jeremiah, The Lamentations of, i. 88, 89 Jerîr, the great poet of early Islam, i. 81, 349, 350, 458, 523; ii. 104, 225, 242, 248 Jerome, i. 47 Jerusalem, i. 3, 325, 370, 489; ii. 253 Jesus, son of Mary, i. 267, 413, 469, 531; ii. 197, 304 Jessâs, son of Morrat ibn Thohl, and brother to Jelîleh and Mâwîyeh wives of Kolayb Wâ’il, who was killed by him, i. 527–529 Jew, i. 90, 334, 397, 452; ii. 50 Jewish, i. 46; ii. 300 Jews, i. 31, 46, 69, 88, 283, 393, 403, 409, 415, 416, 421, 434 Jez’ ibn Kolayb, a poet, i. 436 Jihâd, or war against infidels, i. 454 Jinn, supposed by some to be men of a peculiar race, by others genii, or evil spirits or demons. They are frequently mentioned in the Koran and “Arabian Nights,” i. 4, 256, 285, 307–309, 329, 330, 345, 372, 373, 378, 379, 403, 423, 445, 478, 479, 494, 521; ii. 36, 108, 251, 270, 272. See Ghûl and Ifrît Jinnî, or Shaiṭan, with whom the Arabs compare an energetic man, i. 479 Jith‘, of the tribes of Ghassân and connected with a proverb, i. 289, 295 Job, one of the Prophets, according to Moslem belief, i. 267, 368 Job, Book of, i. 45–47, 60, 86, 311, 336, 369, 393, 399, 445, 464 Joel, the Prophet, i. 60 Johayneh, or Jofayneh, a man and a place, i. 231, 475, 476, 517 Joḥfah [Al], place of burial of Ẓarîfeh, which see, i. 372 John, an Apostle, i. 531 John the Baptist, i. 267 Jokhtan, an Arab ancestor, i. 426. See Ḳaḥtân Jonah, a Prophet according to Moslem belief, i. 267, 415 Jondo‘, son of ‘Âmir, chief of a party in Thamûd who believed in the Prophet Ṣâliḥ, i. 433 Jones, Sir William, the Orientalist, i. 46, 50, 221 note, 451, 453 Jonathan, son of Saul, i. 44, 453 Jorhom, an Arab ancestor, i. 425, 466 Jorjâni, the author of the Ta’rîfât, which see, i. 266 Joscelin ii., Prince of Edessa, i. 489 Joseph, son of Jacob, i. 78, 267, 357, 358, 398, 417, 499, 538; ii. 62, 65, 68, 70, 210, 213, 215, 216, 298, 303, 310 Josephus, i. 46, 47 Joshua, i. 26 Judas Iscariot, i. 439 Judges, Book of, i. 86, 348 Juḥfah, an assembling station of pilgrims, ii. 32 July, i. 146, 147 note Justinian, the Emperor, i. 491, 492 Ka‘b, or ankle, used in phrases connected with honour, fortune, or reputation, i. 481 Ḳa’beh, or Ḳa’bah, The, at Mecca, i. 155, 222, 279, 315, 316, 348, 370, 405; ii. 47, 177, 202, 204, 253, 255, 266, 280, 305 Ka‘b ibn Ḳurt, the Anṣâri, conqueror of Rayy, i. 455 Ka‘b ibn Mâlik, a poet on the side of Mohammed, i. 430 Ka‘b ibn Mâmeh, a man famed for his generosity, i. 471, 472 Ka‘b ibn Zohayr, the Poet, and author of the “Burdeh,” or Poem of the Mantle, i. 62 note, 397, 501; ii. 305 Ḳâbil, i. 296. See Cain Ḳâbûs, brother of ‘Amr, King of Hira, i. 360, 361 Ḳa‘ḍab, a maker of the points of lances, i. 446 Ḳadar, or determining power, i. 467 Ḳadari doctrine which attributes free will and optional actions to man, i. 467 Kadi, a judge or magistrate, i. 38, 58, 79, 80, etc. See Appendix A Ḳâf, a mountain barrier which surrounds the world, i. 469; ii. 101 Kâfs of winter. This applies to seven things beginning with the letter Kâf requisite for comfort during winter, i. 253, 255, 257, 524 Kâfûr, the clever and strong-minded negro eunuch, i. 471 Ḳâhir [Al], the nineteenth Abbaside Khalif, i. 470 Kahlân, son of Saba or ‘Abd Shems, an Arab ancestor, i. 423, 426 Ḳaḥṭân, an Arab ancestor, i. 426 Kai-Khosru, the heroic Persian monarch, i. 539 Ḳaisi, i.e., of the tribe Ḳais, ii. 87, 231 Ḳa‘ḳâ [Al], son of Showr, famous for his generosity, and alluded to in a proverb, i. 229, 471, 472; ii. 153, 288, 298 Ḳalansuweh, The, or high-crowned cap of a dervish or preacher, i. 459 Kalb, an Arab tribe, ii. 196, 270 Kalîleh wa Dimneh, a Persian story-book of the same kind as the Sanscrit “Puncha Tantra” and “Hitopadesa,” from which it is said to be derived, i. 33, 277; ii. 303 Kâmil, an Arabic metre, i. 55, 56, 306, 328, 417, 421, 451, 463, 479, 484, 488, 496, 537 Ḳâmûs, or Qâmûs, a work by Firuzabâdi, i. 313, 397, 500, 530; ii. 138, 188, 219 Ḳanbas, or Qanbas, daughter of Abû ‘Anbas, fanciful names, ii. 29, 200 Ḳaran, a place in Nejd, ii. 242 Ḳarîb, a Persian metre, i. 57 Karinetân, two corresponding sentences rhyming with each other, i. 54 Karûn, river, i. 525 Kashgar, i. 67, 344 Ḳâṣhir, either a celebrated camel stallion or a year of drought, ii. 104, 246 Kashshâf, or Keshshâf, a work by Zamakhshari, i. 97, 316 Ḳaṣîdeh, or regular poem, i. 41, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62 note, 76, 271, 287, 340, 366, 382, the first specimen of it 449, 482, 519, 520, 526, 529, 539; ii. 247, 289 Ḳaṣîdehs, i. 14, 17, 57, 62; ii. 56, 282, 309 Ḳâsim [Al] ibn ‘Isa the ‘Ijli, i. 515. See Abû Dulaf al ‘Ajili Ḳasîm, District of, i. 480 Ḳaṭa, a bird, i. 147, 235, 339, 340, 431, 480; ii. 54, 189, 225 Ḳaṭâmî [Al], a poet, ii. 241 Ḳaylah, an Arab ancestress, i. 117, 118, 295 Ḳayls, The, or petty princess of Himyar, i. 438 Ḳayn [Al], an Arab ancestor. Ḳayn was a branch of the Benû Asad, i. 148, 340 Ḳays ibn ‘Âṣim, chief of Temîm, a hero praised by Mohammed as the noblest of the Arabs of the desert, i. 435, 436 Ḳays, son of Ghaylân, an Arab ancestor, i. 428 Ḳays, son of Zohayr, chief of the Benû ‘Abs, and owner of the horse Dâḥis, i. 316, 317 Ḳays, Tribe of, i. 349, 476, 497, 512; ii. 231, 241, 246 Kâzimah, a town in the dependency of Basra, ii. 135 Ḳazwîni, an Arab author, i. 279, 477 Kazzab [Al], The Liar, a name given to Musaylimeh or Abû S̤umâmeh, which see, ii. 245 Kerej, a town, i. 76 note, 106, 253, 256, 274, 514, 515 Khabîṣah, a mess of khabîs, or dates, and butter, i. 284 Khadîjeh, the first wife of Mohammed, i. 367 Khafîf, an Arabic metre, i. 56, 406, 408, 440, 537 Khalanj tree, ii. 21 Khalf al Aḥmar, an Arab author, i. 453 Khâlid, a friend of Munthir ibn Mâ’as Sema, King of Hira, and killed by him, i. 385 Khâlid al Ḳasri, one of the officers of the Khalif Hishâm, the tenth Omay-yide Khalif, i. 371 Khâlid ibn Al Welîd, the famous Arab general, i. 305, 318, 405, 495, 518; ii. 245, 262, 263 Khalif, i. 3, 4, 17, etc. See Appendix A Khalifate, i. 3, 5, 6, etc. See Appendix A Khalifs, i. 3, 17, 34, 384, 437, 456, 515 Khalîl [Al], the founder of Arabic grammar and prosody, i. 8, 54, 57, 58, 81, 94, 284, 297, 427, 498; ii. 104, 246, 306 Khamîṣah, a black square garment with borders, i. 284 Khân, or inn, ii. 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 24 Khansâ [Al], the Pug-nosed, nickname of Tumâḍir, which see. The most celebrated Arab poetess, especially for her elegies on her brother Ṣakhr, i. 30, 52, 80, 387–391; ii. 104, 143, 246, 281 Kharîdat al Kasr, a work by ‘Imâd ad Din, containing many particulars of Ḥarîri’s life, i. 11 Khâriji [Al], a Jew, father of the Rabbin Jehuda, i. 97 Khaṭṭ, a place celebrated for lances, i. 446 Khauwât ibn Jubair: the story about him, ii. 291 Khawârij, the name given to those fanatical followers of ‘Ali who seceded from him after the battle of Ṣiffîn, i. 327 Khaybar, not far from Medina, i. 397, 415, 442. For an account of Mohammed’s victory at Khaybar over the Jews compare Tabari and Mirkhond Khayf, Mosque of the, at Mina, i. 342 Khayf [Al], or slope of Mina, i. 182, 393; ii. 34 Khâzim, the Noḳmî, connected with the capture of Shanfara, the vagabond poet, i. 353 Khazraj, an Arab ancestor and tribe who settled at Yathrib, afterwards called Medina, i. 295, 426 Khida’a, name of a tribe or of a bird, ii. 249, 250 Khilâf tree, ii. 41 Khindaf, the surname of Laila, daughter of Hulwan bin Imrân, and wife of Alyas, son of Moḍar, and surpassing all Arab women in glory as ancestress of the Koraysh, i. 10, 80; ii. 104, 246 Khizr [Al], the Prophet, ii. 87, 231 Khofâf ibn Nedbeh, a mulatto, i. 352 Khorâfeh, a man said to have been carried away by Jinn, i. 307, 308 Khorasan, i. 72, 258, 270, 499, 526; ii. 196, 235, 306 Khosru Nushirvan, i. 451. See Nushirvan Khosru Perwez, a Persian King, i. 442, 451, 455; ii. 245, 246 Khoṭbah, or oratorical address, i. 48, 337, 392, 538 Khowta‘ah, connected with a proverb, i. 386 Khozâza, Day of, the day Wâ’il ibn Rabî‘ah, or Kolayb Wâ’il, defeated an army of Yemen, i. 448, 527 Khozâ‘ah, an Arab tribe, i. 64, 426, 434. See Benû Khozâ‘ah Ḳiblah, The, i.e., the direction towards Mecca to be observed by Moslems when praying, ii. 56, 177, 305 Ḳinâneh, an Arab tribe, i. 64, 434. See Benû Kinâneh Kings, Book of, in the Bible, i. 393 King’s College, London, i. 101 Kinyeh, or by-name, or nickname, i. 21, 215, 278, 314, 315, 327, 408, 447; ii. 255, 302 Kisâ’î [Al], the Kufian Grammarian, i. 72, 498, 499 Kisra, Arabic form of Chosroes, ii. 13, 64, 213. See Chosroes “Kitâb al Aghâni,” a very celebrated work, containing much information about the early Arabs, i. 385, 386, 436, 437, 491, 519, 530 “Kitâb al Jomân,” a book quoted and extracted from by De Sacy in the “Mémoires de l’Académie Royale,” i. 372 “Kitâb,” The, a celebrated work of Sibawayh, the Grammarian, i. 498, 499. See Sibawayh Ḳiṭmîr, the dog of the Cave, i. 415 Ḳiyâfeh, the art of divining, i. 332 Ḳodâmah, a scribe of Bagdad, eminent for purity of composition, i. 106, 274 Ḳodâr, the son of Sâlif and Ḳodayrah. He was an opponent of the prophet Ṣâliḥ, and killed the she-camel of Thamûd, i. 208, 431, 433 Ḳoḍâ‘ah, an Arab tribe, i. 64, 495. See Benû Ḳodâ‘ah Koḥl, a dark pigment or collyrium for the eyelids, i. 145, 147 note, 148, 296, 340, 341, 355; ii. 114, 116, 170, 261 Kokan, Khanate of, i. 344 Kolayb Wâ‘il, a very famous person of Arab antiquity, i. 60, 74, 217 (his pedigree, 448), 449, 480, 526–529 Komayt [Al] ibn Ma‘rûf, a poet, i. 321 Komayt [Al] ibn Tha‘labeh, a poet, i. 321 Komayt [Al] ibn Zayd, the last of three poets of the same name, i. 132, 320, 321, 340; ii. 242 Koran, Chapters of the. These and the references to each chapter from i. to cxiv. will be found in Appendix A Koran, References to the. As these are very numerous, they will be found in Appendix A Koranic, ii. 193, 196, 200, 213, 229, 242, 276, 277, 297 Ḳoraysh, an Arab ancestor, i. 318; ii. 225 Ḳoraysh, an Arab tribe, i. 8, 16, 30, etc.; ii. 246, 280, 293. See Benû Koraysh and Appendix A Ḳorayshi, i.e., of the tribe of Koraysh, i. 518 Kosa‘, a very mean man, i. 300 Kosa‘, Tribe of, in Yemen, i. 351 Kosa‘î [Al], a poet, and subject of a proverb, i. 157, 349–351 Ḳoṣayr bin Sa‘d, a man who cut off his nose for a set purpose, i. 73, 277; ii. 5, 190, 206 Kosegarten, J. G. L., German Orientalist and historian: his edition of the “Kitâb al Aghâni,” i. 436, 437; of the “Diwân of the Huthalîyûn,” i. 539 Ḳoss, Christian Bishop of Najrân, an eloquent preacher of the time of Mohammed, i. 81, 263, 269, 309, 537, 538; ii. 104, 113, 248, 256 Ḳoṣṣaiy, an ancestor of Mohammed the Apostle, ii. 293 Kotaybet ibn Muslim, a celebrated Arab General, i. 344, 474, 520 Kothayyir Ṣâḥib ‘Azza, or the Lover of ‘Azza, a poet, i. 383 Krehl’s edition of the Traditions of Bokhâri, i. 268 Kufa, i. x, 3, 7, 66, 71, 126, 127, 266, 292, 308, 326, 406, 411, 497, 505; ii. 242, 248, 292, 306 Kufian, i. 498, 499, 513 Kufians, i. 505, 506, 512, 513 Ḳurâb, or Qurâb, name of a celebrated horse, ii. 145, 282 Kurdistan, i. 489 Kurds, The, i. 287, 426, 515; ii. 169 Kûsh, a black race, i. 467 Lailá, a woman, ii. 238, 290 Laḳab, or Laqab, sobriquet of a person or place in praise or blame, i. 315, 522; ii. 199, 297 Lâm, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, and prefixed to certain chapters of the Koran, i. 96; ii. 35 Lamech, a descendant of Cain and father of Noah, i. 43, 44, 87 Lâmîyet al ‘Arab, a celebrated Ḳaṣîdeh by the poet Shanfara, i. 340, 353, 445; ii. 224 Lane, E. W., author of an Arabic English Lexicon, of “Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians,” and of other works, i. 65 note, 269, etc. See Appendix A Laqît, a poet, ii. 293 Latin, i. ix, 84, 101, 357, 415, 501, 514; ii. 232, 251, 252 Latins, i. 443 Lebanon, The, i. 98 Lebîd, the pre-Islamite poet, and author of one of the Mo‘allaḳât, i. 56, 306, 316, 446, 501, 502 Legend, i. 86, 279, etc. See Appendix A Legendary, i. 6, 41 Legends, i. ix, 42, 48, 300, 461, 477, 490, 517, 539; ii. ix Legist, ii. 38, 39, 56, 205 Leipzic, i. 266 Lelewel, Joachim, a writer about mediæval Geography, i. 467 Letters interchangeable, ii. 165, 297 Letters, pointed and unpointed, i. 133, 136, 258, 274; ii. 8, 146, 150, 197, 285 Leviticus, Book of, i. 354, 373, 516 Lexicographers, i. 90, 456, 533; ii. 44, 187, 239, 248, 264, 273 Lexicography, i. 15, 63 Lexicon, i. 43, 65 note. See Appendix A Libraries, i. 9 Library, i. 34 Lisâm, or face-veil, ii. 62, 64, 69 Literæ Bellerophonteæ, i. 358 Loḳmân al Ḥakîm, son of Bâ‘urâ, of the children of Âzar, said to be a relation of Job, i. 422 Loḳmân, son of ‘Ád, called Loḳmân of the Vultures, celebrated for his longevity, i. 422, 423, 442, 476, 478, 516, 517; ii. 262 Loḳmân the Wise, said to have been a slave and Abyssinian negro, the contemporary of David, and mentioned in the Koran, but rather a mythical sage, i. 33, 231, 277, 476, 477; ii. 131, 175, 305 London, i. 101, 322; ii. 306 Lot, i. 267, 431; ii. 53 Lotus trees, ii. 262 Lubad, name of a vulture, i. 423 Luzûm, or peculiar verses explained, i. 461 Lycophron, a Greek poet, i. 91, 92, 540 Ma‘add, the son of ‘Adnân, an Arab ancestor, i. 9, 448, 527 Ma‘arrah, or Ma‘arrat an No‘mân, a town in the north of Syria, i. 145, 146, 336 Ma‘bad ibn Wabb, or ibn Ḳaṭan, the greatest musician and singer of the early Khalifate, i. 209, 436–438 Ma‘bad ibn Naḍlah, author of a proverb, i. 375 Macbeth, i. 382 Mâdir the Befouler, nickname of Mokhâriḳ, a man of the tribe of Benû Hilâl ibn ‘Amir, noted for his meanness of character and his stinginess, and so connected with a proverb, i. 80, 300, 375, 376; ii. 104, 246 Maghdad, i. 391. See Bagdad Maghrib [Western Africa], i. 28; ii. 138, 306 Magian, i. 33 Mahdi [Al], the third Abbaside Khalif, i. 455, 493, 523 Mahrah, a place, i. 215; camels of, i. 445, 446 Mahrah, a tribe in Yemen, ii. 277 Mahrat ibn Haydân, chief of a tribe in Yemen, i. 445; ii. 238 Mahri camels, ii. 94, 238 Mahrîyah, feminine of the above, ii. 238, 277 Maiden, Description of a, i. 209; ii. 71, 73, 115, 120 Maiyah, or Mayyah, daughter of Ḳays, ii. 3, 189 Majma‘, The, or “collection,” i.e., of Arab proverbs, is the title under which Maydâni’s great work on the subject appears in Hajji Khalfeh, ii. 303 Maḳâmah, i. 13, 20, 269, 270; ii. 89. See Assembly Maḳâmât, i. v, vii, 19, 270, 271, 455; ii. vii, 109, 242, 248. See Assemblies Mâlik and ‘Oḳayl, the sons of Ḳârij, men of Balḳayn: their story, i. 494, 495 Mâlik, brother of Mutemmim, the poet, i. 495 Mâlik ibn ‘Amr al ‘Âmili, and his brother Simâk: the story about them, i. 362 Mâlik ibn Jana, one of the Arab sages to whom a proverb is attributed, i. 406 Mâlik ibn Jobayr, an Arab General to whom a proverb is attributed, i. 406 Mâlik ibn Nowayrah, treacherously put to death by Khâlid ibn al Welîd, and connected with a proverb, i. 304, 305, 518 Mâlik ibn Ṭowk, Governor of Al Jezîreh, i. 158, 351 Mâlik ibn Zohayr, of the Benû Ḳoḍâ‘ah, who had founded the city of Hira, i. 495 Mâlik, of the family of ‘Amr Muzayḳîyâ, i. 426 Mâlik, son of Arphaxad, an ancestor, i. 369 Mâlik, the custodian angel of hell, ii. 11 Mâlik, the Imâm, i. 392; ii. 235 Malatyah, a town on the western side of the Euphrates, ii. 74, 75, 219; also called Malatîyah Ma‘mûn [Al], the seventh Abbaside Khalif, i. 18, 34, 76 note, 319, 437, 515; ii. 246 Ma‘n ibn Ows, a poet, i. 482 Manna, i. 87; ii. 88, 232 Mansham, supposed to be the name of a woman who traded in perfumes, ii. 150, 287 Manṣûr [Al], the second Abbaside Khalif, i. 33, 285, 391, 455, 467, 468, 493; ii. 25, 219, 245 Manṣûr ibn ‘Ammâr, ii. 254. About him see a note of De Slane in his translation of Ibn Khallikan, vol. ii., p. 545 Mantiḳ aṭ Ṭayr, a mystical Persian work by Farîd ad Dîn ‘Aṭṭâr, i. 277 Mareb, or Marib, Dyke of, i. 41, 48, 279, 288, 372, 422–425 Markh tree, ii. 233 Mârût, i. 434. See Hârût Marw, or Merv, a town in Khorasan, i. 455; ii. 89, 90, 235 Marwâzi, the derivative adjective formed from Marw, i. 455; ii. 235 Marwah, Mount, near Mecca, ii. 43, 280 Marwân ibn Mohammed, the fourteenth and last Khalif of the Omayyide dynasty, ii. 248 Mary, i.e., the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, i. 348; ii. 197, 271 Massoretic, i. 71 Mas‘ûd, the Seljûk Sultan, i. 25, 38 Mas‘ûdi, the Historian, i. 42 note, 422, 423, 425, 426, 467; ii. x Matrimony, ii. 120, 126, 271 Matron, ii. 120, 127 Mâ’u ’s-samâ, a beautiful woman, mother of Munzir, King of Hira, ii. 27, 198 Mâ’u ’s-samâ, son of, the sobriquet of ‘Âmir bin Ḥarîsah al-Azdi, see, ii. 199 Mâwân, a place, i. 130 Mâwîyeh and Jelîleh, wives of Kolayb Wâ’il, i. 527 Mâwîyeh, a Queen of the family or tribe of Ghassân, i. 289 Maydâni, celebrated for his collection of Arab proverbs, i. 69, 73, 74, 91, 273, 332, 335, 339, 474, 476, 490, 495, 520, 523; ii. 205, 211, 243, 261, 273, 278, 286, 300, 301 Maymûn ibn Khizâm, the name of the hero in Naṣîf al Yazaji’s Assemblies, which see, i. 99 Mayyâfâriḳîn, a town of Diyâr Bekr, i. 220, 452 Mazar [Al], a town near Basra, ii. 163 Mecca, i. x, 39, etc. See Appendix A Medîd, an Arabic metre, i. 56 Medina, i. x, 93, 295, 307, 318, 370, 396, 397, 428, 429, 538; ii. xi, 37, 50, 57, 200, 202, 214, 226, 292 Mediterranean, The, i. 91; ii. 252 Mehren, a German Orientalist, translator and author, ii. 250 “Mejma ‘al Baḥrayn,” or “the confluence of the two seas,” by Naṣîf al Yazaji, a work resembling the Assemblies of Ḥarîri, i. 99. See Naṣîf and Assemblies of Naṣîf Melek Shah, the son and successor of Alp Arslan, and the third Sultan of the Seljukide dynasty, i. 5, 526 Mendicancy, i. 83; ii. 169 Merâghah, a place in Azerbijan, i. 132, 133 Merâj, a sub-tribe of the sons of Ḳays, i. 476 Merdâs ibn ‘Âmir, second husband of Khansâ, the Poetess, i. 389, 390 Meshân, a place to the north of Basra, i. 10, 29, 38 Meslemet ibn ‘Abd al Melîk, brother of Welîd and Sulaymân, the sixth and seventh Omayyide Khalifs, i. 320 Mesopotamia, ii. 219 Messiah, The, i. 267 Methḥij, an Arab tribe in whom the art of divining was hereditary, i. 332, 428 Metonymy is the use of indirect expressions, i. 273 Metre, i. 47, 57, etc. See Appendix A Metres, i. 57, 275, 293, 297, 306, 367 Metres, Names of Arabic. See Basîṭ, Hezej, Kâmîl, Khafîf, Medîd, Mujteth, Munsariḥ, Muteḳârib, Rejez, Reml, Sarî‘, Ṭawîl, Wâfir Metres, Names of Persian. See Ḳarîb, Jedîd, Mushâkil Metrical verse, i. 42 Midian, The inhabitants of, i. 431 Mîm, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, and prefixed to certain chapters of the Koran, i. 53, 96 Mina, a place near Mecca, connected with the Pilgrimage, i. 148, 342, 393, 463; ii. 40, 136, 279 Mirkhond, the Persian Historian, ii. x Miṣr [Egypt and Cairo], ii. 25 Mite, a small unstamped piece of metal used as a coin, i. 142, 331; ii. 35, 288 Moab, i. 44, 60, 87 Moḍar, name of an Arab ancestor, and applied to his descendants and race, i. 10, 64, 65, 352, 359, 387, 428, 438, 474 Mo‘allaḳah, or prize poem, suspended at Mecca, i. 61 Mo‘allaḳah, of ‘Amr ibn Kulthûm, i. 56, 351, 361, 501, 539 Mo‘allaḳah, of ‘Antarah, i. 56, 295, 317, 331, 438 Mo‘allaḳah, of Ḥârith ibn Ḥillizeh, i. 56, 61, 383 Mo‘allaḳah, of Imr al Ḳays, i. 56, 61, 376, 386, 394; ii. 267 Mo‘allaḳah, of Lebîd, i. 56, 306, 316, 446, 501 Mo‘allaḳah, of Ṭarafeh, i. 56, 284, 293, 358, 380, 407, 411, 439, 448, 473, 487, 495; ii. 301 Mo‘allaḳah, of Zohayr ibn Abi Sulmè, i. 56, 306, 400, 460 Mo‘allaḳât, or prize poems, suspended at Mecca, i. 39, 56, 61, 64, 332, 351, 358, 384 Moghayrat [Al] ibn Sho‘beh, sent by Mohammed to destroy the idol-goddess Allât, i. 405 Mohalhil ibn Rabî‘ah, the Poet. His real name was Adî, but called Mohalhil on account of the beauty of his poetry. The first ḳaṣîdeh, composed about his brother Kolayb Wâ’il, is attributed to him, i. 60, 448, 449, 529, 530 Moḥallib [Al], Governor of Mowṣil, i. 326 Mohammed, the Apostle, i. 14–18, etc. See Appendix A Mohammedan, i. v, 1, 3, 6; ii. 207, 275 Mohammedans, ii. 201, 231, 306 Mohammed ibn al Ḥasan al Ḥanafi, an author, i. 358 Mohammed ibn al Mustanîr, a pupil of Sibawayh, the Grammarian, ii. 286 Mohammed ibn Ka‘b, one of the Companions of the Prophet, ii. 239 Moḥârib ibn Ḳays, one of the supposed names of Kosa‘î [Al], which see, i. 351 Mokhâriḳ, the real name of Mâdir the Befouler, which see, i. 375; ii. 246 Moloch, to whom human sacrifices were made, i. 393 Monk, ii. 120, 128, 270 Monkery, i. 370; ii. 128, 270 Monks, i. 370; ii. 253, 271 “Monumenta Vetustiora Arabiæ,” by Schultens, i. 377, 384, 496, 522 Moon, The (its twenty-eight stations, or mansions, i. 313, 314, 443), i. 490; ii. 20, 76, 90, 128, 221, 234, 252, 253 Moons, ii. 63, 114, 252, 253 Morocco, i. 67, 304, 410 Morr, sister of Temîm, and mother of Barrah, which see, i. 318; ii. 225 Morrah, Family of, i. 527, 529 Morrat ibn Thohl ibn Shaybân ibn Tha‘labeh, father of the two wives of Kolayb Wâ’il, i. 527 Mosaic, i. 89, 516 Moses, i. 44, 46, etc. See Appendix A Moses, Hand of, i. 409 Moslem, i. 13, 17, 23, etc. See Appendix A Moslems, i. 20, 30, 69, etc. See Appendix A Mo‘taḍid [Al], the sixteenth Abbaside Khalif, i. 470 Mo‘tamid, the fifteenth Abbaside Khalif, i. 351 Moṭarrezi, Arabian Jurist, Philologist, and Grammarian, i. 76 note, 306, 312, 349, 351, 356; ii. 197, 284 Mo‘taṣim [Al], the eighth Abbaside Khalif, i. 76, 344, 437, 515 Mother of the Koran, i.e., its first chaper, i. 171, 373; ii. 175; sometimes called the twice-read chapter, at i. 120, 301; ii. 296, 297 Mother of various qualities, i. 218, 450, 451 Mo‘ṭî ibn Iyâs, the Poet, i. 285 Moṭ‘in [Al] ibn al Ḥakam: the story about him, i. 404 Moultan, i. 67 Mowṣil, or Mosul, i. 139, 326 Mu‘âth, son of Jebel, a Traditionist, i. 267 Mu‘âwiyeh, a warrior of the tribe of Sulaym, and brother of Ṣakhr and Khansâ, the Poetess, i. 387, 388 Mu‘âwiyeh, the first Omayyide Khalif, i. 309, 333, 369, 436, 439, 458, 482; ii. 228, 229, 255 Mu‘âwiyeh, the son of Hisham, the tenth Omayyide Khalif, i. 320 Mubarrid [Al], the Grammarian, ii. 293 Muezzins, or callers to prayer, ii. 178, 188, 191, 206 Mufâkharah, or poetical contest, i. 30, 430 Mufti, or jurisconsult, i. 77; ii. 37 Muhâjir, a refugee exile from Mecca, who came to Medina with and after Mohammed, i. 396 Muhâjirûn, plural of the above, i. 373 Muir, Sir William, his “Life of Mohamet,” ii. 226 Muhallab [Al], and his sons, all distinguished for valour and virtue, ii. 255 “Mujmil,” The, a work by Ibn Fâris, i. 270 Mujteth, an Arabic metre, i. 282, 387, 395, 398 Muḳaddimeh fî’t trîkh, a work by Ibn Khaldûn, i. 497 Mukhaḍram, i.e., any poet who was contemporary with the preaching of Islâm, i. 67 Muḳtadir b’illâh [Al], the eighteenth Abbaside Khalif, i. 469–471 Mukhtaṣar al Ma‘âni, a shorter commentary on Rhetoric and Plagiarism, i. 99, 481–483, 486, 500 Mulḥatu ’l-i‘râb, a grammatical treatise by Ḥarîri, ii. 263 Munâfarah, The, a contention before an umpire on the titles of a man or tribe to nobility or honour, i. 375, 488, 537; ii. 281 Munakhkhal [Al], the lover of Mutejarradeh, Queen of Hira, i. 519 Munkar, the angel who visits the dead, ii. 192 Munsariḥ, an Arabic metre, i. 342, 347 Munshi, or official writer, i. 11, 28 Muntaṣir [Al], the eleventh Abbaside Khalif, i. 469 Munthir ibn Mâ as Semâ, King of Hira, i. 76, 385, 491 Munzir [Al], father of Sajahi, the Prophetess, ii. 245 Munzir bin Imr al Ḳais, King of Hira, ii. 198, 199 Murrah, an Arab tribe, i. 387, 388. See Benû Murrah Murîr, or Murin, an Arab of the tribe Kalb, who was taken captive by the Jinn, ii. 270 Muṣ‘ab ibn ‘Omayr, a martyr, i. 401 Muṣ‘ab ibn az Zobayr, Governor of Irak, i. 326 Musammaṭât, verses explained, i. 366, 367, 375 Musaylimeh, or Musaylamah, the Liar and false prophet, slain after Mohammed’s death, i. 93; ii. 245, 290 Mushâkil, a Persian metre, i. 57 Mustarshid billah [Al], the twenty-ninth Abbaside Khalif, i. 25, 26 Muṭawwal, a longer commentary on Plagiarism, i. 481. See Mukhtaṣar Mu‘tazil, the name applied to the leader of the heretodox sect of the Mu‘tazilûn, i. 467 Mu‘tazilûn, or Seceders, i. 39, 464, 467, 468 Mutejarradeh, wife of No‘mân ibn al Munthir, King of Hira: the story about her, i. 519 Muteḳârib, an Arabic metre, i. 328, 375, 418, 447 Mutekellimûn, or scholastic divines, i. 5 Mutelemmis, the Poet. His real name was Jerir, son of ‘Abd al Masîḥ, and uncle of the poet Ṭarafeh, i. 16, 162, 347, 358–361 Mutemmim ibn Nowayrah, a Poet to whom a proverb is attributed, i. 305, 495 Mutenebbi [Al], the Poet, i. 14, 57, 61, 462, 471, 482–484, 525, 526; ii. 193, 219, 238, 264 Mutewekkil [Al], the tenth Abbaside Khalif, i. 469 Muṭî‘ l’illâh [Al], the twenty-third Abbaside Khalif, i. 456 Muttaḳi [Al], the twenty-first Abbaside Khalif, i. 487 Muwaṭṭ, one of the oldest collections of the Ḥadîs, compiled by Imâm Mâlik, ii. 235 Muwelledûn, so the poets are called after the first century of Islâm, i. 67 Muzayḳîyâ, a name given to a person because he tore up his clothes every evening, i. 41, 86, 288, 423. See Amr ibn ‘Âmir Muzayḳîyâ, or The Tearer Muzdalifeh, a general meeting-place of the pilgrims near Mecca, and divided from Mina by the Wadi Moḥassir, i. 342; ii. 32 Myths of modern origin, ii. 231 Na‘âmeh, a mare belonging to Abû Na‘âmeh, i. 327 Naba‘ tree, ii. 234 Nabaṭ, a collective noun for the Nabateans, said to be descendants of Seth, ii. 170, 300 Nâbighah [An], or Nâbighat ath Tohbyâni, the Poet, i. 339, 382, 389, 518–520; ii. 5, 190, 289, 308 Naḍr [An] ibn Al Ḥârith, the teller of Persian stories in the time of Mohammed, and denunciated in the Koran, i. 31, 539 Naḍr [An] ibn Shemîl: the story about him, i. 471 Nâfi‘, eldest brother of the poet Imr al Ḳays, i. 386 Nâfi‘ ibn al Azraḳ, a leader of the Azârikah sect, i. 327 Najrân, a celebrated town of Yemen, i. 269, 404; ii. 113, 114, 255, 256 Najrân ibn Zayd, founder of Najrân, ii. 256 Namir [An] ibn Ḳâsiṭ, Tribe of, i. 472; ii. 198 Nakîr, the angel who visits the dead, ii. 192 Namirî, a man of Namir alluded to in a proverb, i. 472 Naṣb, or the use of the nominative and accusative case in certain Arabic phrases, i. 243, 245, 249, 538. See Raf‘ Nasîb, or mention of the beloved one in a Ḳaṣîdeh, i. 61 Naṣîbîn, a city in the Diyâr Rabî‘ah, i. 214, 215, 445, 447, 452 Naṣîf al Yazaji of Beyrout, a modern author of some Assemblies, i. 62, 98, etc. See Appendix A and Assemblies of Nasîf Naṣr ibn ‘Aṣim, a scribe connected with elucidating the pronunciation of words in the Koran, i. 94 Nawâr, wife of the poet Farazdaḳ, i. 157, 349, 350 Nazr bin Kananah, father of Koraysh, ii. 225 Needle, i. 145, 146 note, 148–150, 166, 337–339, 341; ii. 40, 41, 159 Nefl, an observance left to be performed by the believer spontaneously, not absolutely commanded, i. 329. See Fard Nehavend, a place, i. 526 Nehemiah, i. 87 Neighbours, Duty to, i. 121, 122, 153, 171 Nejd, a province or district in Arabia, i. 63, 64, 283, 316, 376, 426, 428, 449, 480, 516, 527; ii. 119, 136, 178, 234, 242, 280 Nejm ad Dowleh, the Poet who celebrated in verse Ḥarîri’s merits, i. 38 Neo-Hebrew, or Rabbinical literature, i. 88 Nile, The, ii. 108, 252, 253 Nimrod, i. 369, 489 Nisabûr, a town, i. 271 Nizâm al Mulk, the Wazîr of Alp Arslan, and his son Melek Shah, i. 5, 6, 526 Nizâmîyeh, The, a celebrated school at Bagdad, i. 6 Nizâr, an Arab ancestor, i. 9 Noah, i. 44, 87, 267, 279, 369, 407, 431, 432, 466; ii. 96, 196, 260, 304 Noah, the name of the seventy-first Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 404 Nöldeke, Theodor, author of the “Beitrage zur Kenntness der Poesie der alten Araber,” and other works, i. 388, 389 No‘mân ibn Beshîr, one of the Companions of the Prophet, and Governor of Ḥimṣ [Emessa], i. 336 No‘mân, son of Munthîr, King of Hira, known as No‘mân Abû Ḳâbûs, i. 385, 435, 501, 518, 519 No‘mân, son of Zowrâ, his use of a proverb, i. 455 Nonnosus, a Byzantine author, i. 491 Notes to the Assemblies of Ḥarîri, i. 265–540; ii. 187–310 Nowayri, an Arab author, i. 324 Nowfal, a man connected with a woman and a proverb i. 346 Numbers, Book of, i. 44, 406 Nûn, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, i. 53 Nushirvan, or Khosru Nushirvan, the Persian Sasanian monarch of great fame, i. 344, 451 ‘Obayd, a horse, i. 52 ‘Obayd allah ibn Ziyâd, a supporter of the Omayyides, i. 458 ‘Obayd allah, son of Ḥarîri, became chief Kadi of Basra, i. 38 ‘Obayd ibn al Abraṣ, a poet killed by one of the Kings of Hira, and connected with a proverb, i. 74, 385 Ockley, Simon, Orientalist and Historian, i. 333 Oḥud, Battle of, ii. 226, 245 ‘Okâz, The fair of, i. 16, 387, 389, 475, 492, 538; ii. 291 ‘Okbari, an Arab writer, i. 345, 346 ‘Omân, a district of Arabia, i. 426, 441, 445, 446; ii. 93, 100, 238 ‘Omar ibn ‘Abd al ‘Azîz, the Orthodox and the Saint, i. 334, 337, 358, 364, 458 ‘Omar ibn al Khaṭṭâb, the second Khalifah, i. 3, 14, 16, 60, 93, 285, 288, 289, 307, 324, 364, 377, 390, 396, 406, 445, 455, 479; ii. 163, 226, 253, 255, 275, 306 Omayet ibn Abî ‘A’ith, a poet, i. 539 Omaymeh, a woman, the subject of some verses of Isḥâḳ ibn Khalaf, i. 435 Omayyeh, House of, or the Omayyides, i. 17, 326, 364, 384, 458; ii. 247, 248 ‘Onaynah, a person mentioned in a verse addressed to the Prophet by ‘Abbâs, son of Merdas and Khansâ, the Poetess, about some booty, i. 52 Orfa, the ancient Edessa and Roha, a very old and important town, so called by the Turks, i. 489 ‘Orḳûb, a man proverbial among the Arabs for breaking his promises, i. 184, 397 Oriental, i. v, vii, 453; ii. 209, 217, 309 Orientals, i. 1, 132, 145, 473; ii. 279 Orientalist, i. 46, 98, 453 Orientalists, i. 2 Oriental Translation Fund, Old and New Series, ii. vii, viii, x Osmanlis, The modern, i. vi ‘Othmân bin ‘Offân, the third Khalifah, i. 93, 94, 280, 288, 326, 327, 364, 431, 493 ‘Othrah, a tribe, i. 307 Owârah, Second day of, on which a great crime was committed by ‘Amr ibn Hind, i. 361 Ows, an Arab ancestor and tribe, who, with his brother Khazraj, fixed themselves at Yathrib, afterwards called Medina, i. 295, 397, 426 ‘Ozza [Al], a goddess, one of the Arab idols, i. 404, 405 Palmer, E. H.: his translation of the Koran, ii. xi; his Arabic Grammar, ii. 280 Palgrave, the traveller and author, i. 64, 321, 441, 504 Pandarus, of Trojan war renown, distinguished as an archer, i. 351 Paradise, 138, etc. See Appendix A Paris, i. 459 Paris, of Trojan war renown, i. 91 Paronomasia, or a play upon words, i. 83–85, 87, 229, 234 Peace, City of, i.e., Bagdad, i. 207, 243, 391 Pearl, i. 151, 153, 208, 211; ii. 63, 101, 112, 143, 267 “Pearl, The, of the Diver,” a grammatical work by Ḥarîri, i. 12, 72, 73, 539 Pearls, i. 151, 154, 197, 204, 209, 216; ii. 246 Pehlvi, i. 33 Peiper, C. R. S., a translator, in 1832, into Latin of the greater part of Ḥarîri’s Assemblies, i. 101; ii. 252 Pencil, i. 145, 147 note, 148–150, 340, 341; ii. 114, 116, 170 Pentateuch, The, i. 86, 312 Perceval, Caussin de, author of “Essai sur l’Histoire des Arabes,” and other works, i. 279, etc. See Appendix A Persia, i. 223, 332, 326, 358, 361; ii. 217 Persia, Western, i. 287; ii. 169 Persian, i. vi, 5, 33, etc. See Appendix A Persian Gulf, i. 4, 441; ii. 93, 238, 241 Persians, i. vi, 31, etc. See Appendix A Pharaoh, i. 211, 305, 314, 394, 409, 431, 438, 466, 499 Philologers, or Philologists, i. 7, 90; ii. 232 Philological, i. 68; ii. 1, 217 Phrases, i. 68–71, 74, 76, 243; ii. 89 Pilgrim, ii. 10, 31–33, 46, 47, 85, 161, 202, 278, 280 Pilgrimage, one of the five things on which Islâm is founded, i. 36, 39, 77, 130, 181, 316, 348, 392, 460, 492; ii. 31, 33–35, 37, 46, 142, 202, 204, 206, 245, 250, 279 Pilgrims, i. 77; ii. 31–33, 35, 125, 177, 184, 266, 306, 308, 310 Plagiarism, i. 30, 481–483 Pliny, i. 425 Pocock, Edward, a learned English Orientalist of the seventeenth century, i. 325, 392, 404, 405, 436, 468 Poem, i. 41, 55, etc. See Appendix A Poems, i. 14, 17, etc. See Appendix A Poet, i. 8, 16, 28, etc. See Appendix A Poetry, i. 7, 8, 13, etc. See Appendix A Poets, i. 8, 13, etc. See Appendix A Prayer, one of the five things on which Islâm is founded, i. 392, 410, 411, 462, 463; ii. 37, 42–44, 113, 165, 180, 188, 191, 199, 212, 236, 244, 251, 271, 275, 276, 280, 295, 297, 298, 305 Prayers, ii. 179–182, 191, 298, 299 Preface in nearly all Arabic works, i. 50 Preface of Chenery, i. v–x Preface of Ḥarîri, i. 25, 29, 32, 37, 50, 75, 77, 103–107; and the notes thereon, 265–278, 329, 343, 348, 383, 475, 524; ii. 256, 274 Preserved Table, The, supposed to be a divine record on which all the actions of mankind are written down, ii. 257 Preston, Reverend Theodore, Professor of Arabic at Cambridge, translated into English, in 1850, twenty of Ḥarîri’s Assemblies, i. 101; ii. 89, 109, 226, 227, 251, 252 Priam, the famous King of Troy, i. 91 Procopius, the Byzantine author, i. 491 Prophet, The, i.e., Mohammed, i. 4, 5, 16, etc. See Appendix A Prophets, The, i. 104, 267, 268, 466, 469; ii. 96, 231 Prosody, i. 8, 45, 47, 48, 54, 55, 57, 100, 275; ii. 248 Proverb, i. 27, 29, etc. See Appendix A Proverbial, i. 281, 285, etc. See Appendix A Proverbs, i. 69, 70, etc. See Appendix A Proverbs, Arab. These are quoted from Freytag’s Latin Edition in three volumes, as follows: Volume i. 281, 289, etc. See Appendix A Volume ii. 273, 277, etc. See Appendix A Volume Iii. See Appendix A Proverbs, Book of, i. 88 Psalms, Book of, i. 44–46, 59, 85, 86, 88, 89 Purslane, or the plant Rijlah, a kind of bitter herb, ii. 103, 104, 245 Pyrenees, The, i. 67 Pythias, or Phintias, the Pythagorean, celebrated for his friendship with Damon, i. 385 Quaraqir, a watering station, ii. 262, 263 Qutrub, a little animal always on the move, ii. 172, 286, 302 Râbi‘ah, daughter of Ishmael of the tribe Ḳays, a woman of Basra, celebrated for her piety, i. 80; ii. 104, 246 Rabî‘ah, or Rabî‘at al Faras, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 9, 10, 29, 64, 448, 497, 527, 530. See Benû Rabî‘ah Rabî‘ah, or Rabî‘at ibn Naṣr, a Jewish King of Yemen, to whom two Diviners predicted the advent of Mohammed, i. 372, 373 Rabî‘ [Ar], a suburb of Bagdad, i. 244, 493 Rabî‘ [Ar], the chamberlain to Al Manṣûr, the second Abbaside Khalif, i. 493. See Abû ’l Faḍl ar Rabî‘ ibn Yûnus Rabî‘ ibn Ziyâd, a boon companion of No‘mân ibn al Munthir, King of Hira, i. 501, 502 Rabbins, The, i. 85 Râḍi [Ar], the twentieth Abbaside Khalif, i. 470 Raf‘, or the use of the nominative and accusative case in certain Arabic phrases, i. 243, 245, 249, 251. See Naṣb Râfi‘ aṭ-Ṭâ’î, the Guide, ii. 262, 263 Raḥbah, a town on the Euphrates, the city of Mâ‘lik, the son of Ṭowk, i. 158, 351 Raḳâsh, sister of Jathîmet al Abrash, King of Hira, i. 42; the story about her, i. 494 Raḳîm [Ar], The men of, alluded to in the Koran, i. 414, 415 Raḳḳah, a town, i. 351 Ramaḍân, The, or fasting month. Fasting is one of the five things on which Islâm is founded, i. 139, 392; ii. 44, 206, 307 Ramlah, a town, ii. 31, 141, 142 Rass, Men of, i. 431 Rawâḥat ibn ‘Abd al ‘Azîz, of the tribe of Sulaym, and first husband of Khansâ, the Poetess, i. 389 Râwi, or reciter, i. 15–21, 62, 99, 178, 383, 384; ii. 24, 233 Rayy al Mahdîyeh, a place in Persia, i. 223, 224, 228, 364, 455, 459 Râzi [Ar], the Commentator, i. 24 Râzi, the derivative adjective of Rayy, i. 455 Razwa, name of a mountain near Medina, ii. 87, 232 Rebekah, i. 44 Reinaud, who, with Derenbourg, wrote the preface to the second edition of De Sacy’s Ḥarîri, i. 3 note; his introduction to “Géographie d’Abulféda,” ii. 310 Rejeb, sacred month of, i. 387, 388 Rejez, an Arabic metre, i. 12, 18, etc. See Appendix A Reml, an Arabic metre, i. 349, 366 Renan, Ernest, author of the “Histoire des langues Semitiques” and many other works, i. 311 Rhetoric, i. 63, 83, 99, 485, 486; ii. 72, 89, 217 Rhyme, or Rhythm, i. 48–54, etc. See Appendix A Rhymed prose, i. 42, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 76, 163, 281, 309, 538; ii. 31, 58, 108 Ribâb, an Arab tribe, i. 428 Ribâb, son of Ṣaghr, and Diviner at Thamûd, i. 433 Ribâḥ ibn Murrah, the solitary survivor of the tribe of Ṭasm, i. 381 Riddle, i. 504, 514; ii. 14, 79, 114, 115, 119, 259 Riddles, i. 81, 106, 200, 243, 247, 248, 250, 274; ii. 74, 76–81, 113, 115, 140 Risâleh, a kind of ornate letter or address, i. 28, 271 Rodayneh, supposed wife of Samhar, a maker of lances, and both sold them, i. 446 Rodwell, J. M., translator of the Koran, ii. xi, 208, 228, 232, 240, 256, 257, 276, 292, 296, 297, 301, 305, 307 Roha [Ar], name given by the Arab conquerors to Edessa, in Northern Mesopotamia, a very ancient town, formerly known under various names, i. 242, 488, 489 Roha ibn al Belendi ibn Mâlik, who is said to have given the name of Roha to the above town, i. 489 Roman, i. 1, 74, 289 Romans, i. 5, 286, 289; ii. 8 Rome, i. 46, 92; ii. 8 Ruba‘î, or quatrain, one of the four kinds of Persian poetry, viz., the Ghazal or ode, the Ḳaṣîdeh or elegy, and the Mesnevi, i. 57 Rubeh, the Philologist, i. 356 Rückert, Frederick, the German Poet and Orientalist, translator of Ḥarîri’s Assemblies, a very free translation, i. 2, 158, 169, 328, 342, 348, 354; ii. 141, 147, 230 Rûm, People of, so the Arabs call the Byzantines, i. 22, 24, 442, 466 Rustem, a Persian hero, i. 31, 539 Ruth, Book of, i. 425 Saba, The bands of, an allusion to the bursting of the dyke of Mârib, i. 204, 288, 422 Saba, The country of, or Sheba, i. 291, 422, 424, 442; ii. 245 Saba, the son of Yashjob, the son of Ya‘rob (the first person who spoke Arabic), the son or descendant of Ḳaḥṭân, i. 422, 423, 426 Sâbât, a place where lived a cupper, ii. 159, 294 Sabæans, The, i. 426 Ṣabbân [Aṣ], a commentator, i. 315 Sacy, Sylvestre de, the second edition of his Ḥarîri, edited by MM. Reinaud and Derenbourg, i. 3 note; ii. 196, 203, 223, 230, 232, 250, 252, 266, 267, 290, 309 Sacy, Sylvestre de, translator of some of Ḥarîri’s Assemblies, with Commentaries on them, and author of “Mémoires sur l’Histoire des Arabes avant Mahomet,” “Chrestomathie Arabe,” and other works, i. 3 note, 12, 24, etc. See Appendix A Ṣâd, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, and how used, ii. 147, 152 Ṣa‘dah, a town in Yemen, i. 79; ii. 83, 88, 224 Sa‘dân, a plant, i. 305 Sa‘d at Taftâzâni, a commentator, i. 99 Sa‘d ibn Abî Waḳḳas, an early convert to Islâm, and Arab General, i. 285, 472 Sa‘d ibn al Hashraji, grandfather of Ḥâtim Ṭay, ii. 278 Sa‘d, son of Dabbah, connected with a proverb, i. 474 Sa‘d, son of Shems, of the tribe of Jarm: the story about him, i. 528 Sa‘di, the Persian Poet, i. 5, 316; ii. 235 Ṣafâ, Mount, near Mecca, ii. 34, 280 Ṣâfir, or whistler, a word with several disputed meanings, ii. 104, 246 Ṣafwân ibn al Mo‘aṭṭal, the person who found ‘Ayisheh asleep in the desert, i. 430. For the whole story of the slander about her, see Mirkhond, Part ii., vol. ii., pp. 435–442 Saḥbân Wâ’il, the most celebrated preacher and orator of the early days of Islâm, i. 197, 200, 309, 310, 322, 417, 527; ii. 272 Sâḥib al Khabar, the official title of Ḥarîri, i. 11 Sâḥib ibn ‘Abbâd, a prince to whose court Badî‘ az Zemân, or Hamadâni, went, i. 271 Sahl, or Sahil ibn Hârûn, a poet who wrote an address in praise of glass, i. 229, 434 Sa‘îd ibn al-Âs: when a boy Mahommed gave him a robe, ii. 140, 277, 278 Sa‘îd ibn Salm, a very stingy man, ii. 293 Sajâḥ, or Sajâḥi, the Prophetess, i. 495; ii. 103, 245. For her story, see Mirkhond, Part ii., vol. iii., pp. 23–28 Sakâbi, the name of a horse, ii. 66, 214 Saḳâlib, or Slaves, i. 466 Ṣakhr, a warrior, and brother of Khansâ, the Poetess, of the tribe of Sulaym, i. 80, 180, 387–391; ii. 104, 246 Ṣakhrah, the wife or sister of Ḥoṣayn, who was killed by Al Akhnas: the story about it, i. 476 Ṣakhr ibn Nahshal: the story about him, i. 299 Sale, George, translator of the Koran, ii. xi Ṣalâh ad dîn, or Saladin, the Sultan, i. 11 Ṣâliḥ, the Prophet, sent to warn the people of Thamûd, i. 267, 268, 415, 432; his pedigree, i. 432, 433 Salmân, the Persian, an early convert to Islâm and intimate associate of Mohammed’s, ii. 84, 225, 226 Salsabîl, a fountain in Paradise, ii. 30 Salutations, or salâm, i. 195, 413 Samarcand, i. 344; the Sughd of, i. 368; ii. 8, 194, 310 Samaritans, i. 88 Samhar, a maker of lances, or perhaps a place in Abyssinia where they are made, i. 215, 446 Ṣamṣâmah, the name of a sword, ii. 157, 292 Samson, i. 86 Samuel, Book of, i. 373 Samuel ibn ‘Âdiyâ, a Jew, and an exemplar of good faith among the Arabs, i. 243, 490–492 San‘â, a town in Yemen, i. 108, 278, 280, 466; ii. 211, 224, 256 Sanscrit, i. 33 Sarâb, a she-camel: the story about her, i. 528, 530 Sarâb, or resemblance of water in the desert, ii. 191 Sarah, wife of Abraham, i. 87 Sarḥah tree, ii. 3 Sarî‘, an Arabic metre, i. 292, 384, 448, 469 Ṣa‘ṣa‘ah, or Ṣa‘ṣa‘at ibn Najiyeh, grandfather of the Poet Farazdaḳ, i. 349, 436 Sâsân al Akbar, son of Bahman, son of Isfendiyâr, son of Kushtâsif, a Prince of Western Persia, and the reputed chief of all the beggars, i. 83; the story about him, i. 287; ii. 27, 169, 171, 172 Sâsân, or Sassanids, one of the royal dynasties of Persia, i. 288 Sâsân, The race and people of, also applied generally to the race of beggars, i. 113, 215; ii. 169, 170, 175 Sâsâni, a beggar, i. 288 Sâsâni phrases, i.e., the cant of beggars, mountebanks, prestigiators, and the like, i. 76 Satan, i. 325, 355, 398, 450; ii. 242, 271–273, 282, 284, 296, 309 Satans, ii. 297 Saṭîḥ, the Diviner, is said to have foretold the advent of Mohammed, i. 210, 371, 372, 423, 438 Saul, King of Israel, i. 453 Sâweh, a town between Rayy and Hamadân, i. 163, 164, 364, 499 Sayf ad Dowleh, the Arab Prince of Hilleh, i. 462 Sayl al ‘Arim, or the flood of the mounds or dams, i. 41, 424 Schildburg, a town in Germany, ii. 146 Schmölder’s “Écoles philosophiques chez les Arabes,” i. 468 Schultens, Albert, a German Pastor, Orientalist, and Critic, i. viii, 101, 294, 314, 377, 384, 496, 522 Scirtus, an ancient river on which Edessa was situated, now called Daysan, i. 489 Scotch, ii. 147 Scripture, i. 490 Scriptures, i. 32 Seasons of rain, wind, or heat: their names, etc., i. 443, 444 Sejelmâseh, a place to the south of Mount Atlas, i. 344 Sejestan, i. 309 Seleucidæ, The, i. 489 Seljuk, the name of a powerful Tartar chief, whose descendants founded the three dynasties called after him that reigned in Persia, Kirman, and Anatolia, i. 3, 455 Semâweh, the desert which lies between Syria and the Euphrates, called the Syrian Desert, i. 168, 170, 373 Semites, The, i. 434 Semitic, i. 43, 45, etc. See Appendix A Serûj, a city in the neighbourhood of Edessa, i. 13, 21, etc. See Appendix A Serûji, The, i.e., Abû Zayd, i. 24, 150, 196, 215, 222, 344; ii. 14, 15, 17, 81, 89, 90, 96, 102, 112, 141, 144, 163, 176, 195 Seth, son of Adam, i. 337; ii. 170, 300 Sha‘b, a tribe in Yemen, ii. 247 Sha‘bi [Ash], or Amir ibn Abdallah, of the tribe Sha‘b in Yemen, a great scholar and lawyer, knowing the Koran by heart, i. 81; ii. 104, 247 Shâfi‘î [Ash], the Imâm, i. 78, 269, 329, 358, 391; ii. 57, 192, 212, 250 Shâfi‘î, one of the four Mohammedan rituals, i. 34, 358 Shah Nameh, the Persian epic, by Firdousi, the Persian Poet, i. 451 Shahrestani [Ash], a writer on religions, i. 327, 468 Shaibah, an Arab ancestor, described, ii. 204 Shakespear, ii. 102 Shamar, one of the Tobba‘ Kings of Yemen, ii. 310 Sham [Ash], a region of the earth settled by Shem, son of Noah, i. 466; ii. 31 Shanfara [Ash], the Poet, and celebrated for his speed of foot, i. 340, 353, 357 Shann: the story about him, ii. 104, 248, 249 Sha‘ûb, a name of death, meaning the “Severer” or “Separator,” ii. 3, 189 Shawâhid, or proofs of lexicography and grammar, i. 67, 275 Shaykh, The, i. 29, 116, 130, 167, 176, 187, 188, 216, 222, 242, 315, 405; ii. 4, 12, 29, 61, 63, 106, 108, 111, 112, 120, 124, 130, 132, 141, 143–146, 148–151, 154, 156–162, 176, 250, 272 Shaykh Abû Ḥâmid al Isfarayni, a jurisconsult, i. 358 Sheba, grandson of Abraham, i. 427. See Genesis xxv. 3 Sheba, or Saba, Queen of, i. 379, 415; ii. 245. See Bilkîs Sheba, son of Raamah, grandson of Cush, i. 426, 427. See Genesis x. 7 Sheba, son of Joktan, whom the Arabs identify with Ḳaḥṭân, i. 426. See Genesis x. 28 Shebâm, Vines of, a place celebrated for its wines, i. 374 Sheddâd, a poet and writer of an address in praise of gold, i. 229, 434 Sheddâd, father of ‘Antarah, the warrior poet, i. 317 Sheddâd, son of ‘Ad, and builder of Irem with the columns, i. 368, 441, 468 Shem, one of the sons of Noah, i. 228, 279, 369, 432, 466, 479 Sheref ad Dîn Abû Naṣr Anûshirwân al Iṣfahani, the Wazir, and the traditional patron of Ḥarîri, i. 24, 26 Sheref ad Dîn, an author, i. 530 Sherîshï, the Andalusian Commentator, whose full name is Abû ‘Abbâs Aḥmed ibn ‘Abd al Mu’min al Ḳaysî ash Sherîshi, so called from having been born at Xeres, i. 38, 69, 146, etc. See Appendix A Shiḥr [Ash], a place in Yemen, i. 441, 445, 517 Shiḳḳ, the Diviner, one of the most famous personages of ancient Arabia, i. 371, 372, 423 Shiraz, i. 358, 498; ii. 71, 217 Shîrîn, a famous beauty, wife of the Khosru Perwez, and often alluded to by the poets and romancists, i. 80, 451; ii. 104, 245 Sho‘ayb or Jethro, a Prophet according to Moslem belief, i. 267, 268 Shylock, ii. 102 Sîbawayh or Sîbawayhi, a Persian, but great Arab scholar and grammarian, author of the Kitâb, i. 65, 72, 245, 249, 301, 497–499, 503, 509; ii. 245, 286 Sidney, Sir Philip, at Zutphen, i. 471 Ṣiffîn, Battle of, i. 7, 327, 458; ii. 242 Sikbâj, a kind of food, i. 450, 451 Simon, an Apostle, i. 531 Sîn, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, and how used, ii. 146, 151, 152 Sinân, the subject of a proverb, i. 330 Sind, i. 467 Sinjâr, a city of the Diyâr Rabî‘ah, i. 206, 207 Ṣinn and Ṣinnabar, the name of the first two days of a week in the early spring, which brings back the winter’s cold before the warm weather sets in, i. 254, 518 Sirâh, the same as Mina in the Nejd, i. 426 Ṣirâṭ, the narrow path or bridge between heaven and hell according to Moslem belief, i. 166, 367; ii. 11, 192 Sîrat ar Resûl, the title of Ibn Hishâm’s Biography of Mohammed, and means literally the conduct or way of living of the Prophet, i. 371, 373, 430, 440, 539 Sirius, the star, i. 128, 313, 443 Slane, McGuckin de, the translator of Ibn Khallikân, i. 94 note, 271, 293, 491, 492 Sleepers, The seven, i. 31, 399, 414, 450 Sofyân ibn al Abrad al Kelbi, an Arab General, i. 327 Sohâ, a star, i. 242, 489, 490; ii. 56, 76, 221 Sohayl ibn ‘Abbâd the Râwi, or reciter in Nasif’s Assemblies, i. 99 Sohayl, the star Canopus, i. 242, 489; ii. 221 Sokman, a Turkish chief, i. 21 Solomon, i. 267, 291, 348, 373, 379, 415; ii. 77, 222 South, The, ii. 265 Spain, i. 5, 34, 352, 370, 410 Spanish, i. 357 Spider, The, name of the 29th Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 407 Spotted, The, a composition or address giving the name to Ḥarîri’s 26th Assembly, i. 258, 261, 264, 524, 532 Star, i. 313; ii. 137, 141, 279 Stars and constellations, i. 313, 314, 443–445; ii. 5, 19, 21, 30, 32, 44, 75, 80, 126, 133, 138, 159, 196, 232, 296, 297, 304 Steiner’s ‘Die Mu‘taziliten oder die Freidenker in Islâm,’ i. 468 Steingass, Dr. F., the translator of the last 24 Assemblies of Ḥarîri, ii. vii–x St. John, Church of, in Damascus, i. 369 Style of the Assemblies, i. 83, 105, 106; ii. 90 Su‘âd, a name used by the Arabs to signify a cruel and capricious mistress, i. 62 note, 245, 496 Sua‘yd, son of Ḍabbah, connected with a proverb, and the story about him, i. 474, 475 Su‘da, a woman, i. 106 Sûdân, The, i. 344 Ṣûfî, i.e., an ascetic and mystic, ii. 309 Ṣûfi metonymies, i. 450 Ṣuḥâr, a town in the district of ‘Omân, ii. 95, 238 Suidas, the supposed compiler of a Greek Lexicon, i. 91 Sulayk, a vagrant robber and very fast runner, i. 159; the story about him, i. 352, 353 Sulaym, Tribe of, i. 387–389. See Benû Sulaym Sulayma, wife of Ṣakhr, the warrior, i. 388, 389 Sulaymân, the seventh Omayyide Khalif, i. 344, 400 Sulekah, a black slave, mother of Sulayk, i. 352 Sullân, Battle of, in which, under Rabî‘ah, the sons of Ma‘add defeated the people of Yemen, i. 488 Summary by Chenery of the last 24 Assemblies of Ḥarîri, i. 75–83; ii. 113, 146 Sunneh, i.e., the ordinances and precepts of Tradition only, i. 411, 412, 490. See Farḍ Sunni, or orthodox sect of Mahommedanism, i. 39 Ṣûr [Tyre], ii. 24 Surahbîl, an ancient Arabian monarch, and the builder of the Ghomdân, which see, i. 279 Sura, or chapter of the Koran, i. 31, 52, 53, etc. See Appendix A Suras, or chapters of the Koran, i. 16, 51–53, 95, 96, 301, 464 Ṣurr-durr, a poet, ii. 201 Sûs, the ancient Susa, i. 258, 260, 525 Suwâ‘, an Arab idol of the people of Noah, mentioned in the Koran, ii. 20, 196 Suwá, a watering station, ii. 262, 263 Suyûti, the Egyptian author, i. 62 note Syria, i. 3, 4, 13, etc. See Appendix A Syriac, i. vi, 66, 90, 97, 340, 489, 514 Syrian, i. 34, 90, 289, 338 Syrians, i. 88, 90, 283 Ta’abbaṭa Sherran, an Arab poet of the early age, and a great runner, i. 317, 353, 398, 453, 537 Tabâbi‘ah, the descendants of Tobba‘, i. 279 Tabaqah, ii. 104; the story about her, ii. 248, 249 Ṭabari, the Arab Historian, i. 316, etc. See Appendix A Tâbi‘, or one who had conversed with the Companions of Mohammed, ii. 247 Tabrizi, a Commentator, ii. 212, 241 Tâbûk, Expedition to, ii. 57 Taghlib, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 10, 376, 448. See Benû Taghlib Tâ’if, a place near Mecca, ii. 289 Ṭâ’i‘ l’illah [Aṭ], the twenty-fourth Abbaside Khalif, i. 456, 457 Taim Allah ibn Sa‘labah, an Arab tribe, and the story connected with it, ii. 291, 292 Tajanni, a woman, ii. 149 Tales of pleasure after pain, i. 260, 532 Ṭalḥah bin Abdallah, an early convert to Islâm, but fought later on with Zobayr and Ayisheh against ‘Ali, i. 327, 472 Ṭalḥah, The family of, at Basra, noted for its generosity, i. 309 Ṭalḥat aṭ Ṭalḥât, Governor of Sejestan, i. 309 Ṭalḥat ibn Ṭâhir, a prince of Khorasan, i. 449 alkhîs al Miftâḥ, a work on rhetoric by Jelâl ad dîn Mohammed, i. 99 Tâmir, the Jumper, ii. 104, 247 Tanîs, a town, ii. 108, 109, 112, 252, 253 Ṭanṭarâni [Aṭ], author of a poem, i. 488 Tanûkhiyeh, The, an old Arab tribe, i. 494 Ṭarafeh, a pre-Islâmite Poet, and author of one of the Mo‘allaḳât, i. 14, 16, 56, etc. See Appendix A “Ta‘rîfât,” a work by Jorjani, i. 266, 273, etc. See Appendix A Tartary, i. 520 Ṭasm, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 381, 466 Tassy, Garcin de, the French Orientalist, i. 277, 481, 486 Ṭawîl, an Arabic metre, i. 55, 56, 278, 336, 439, 460, 485, 487 Ṭay, Tribe of, i. 292, 348, 426. See Benû Ṭay Ṭaybeh was the name which the city of Yathrib received from Mohammed, but afterwards called Medinet an Nabî, i. 257, 522; ii. 37, 38 Ṭaylasân, The, or cloak of a dervish or preacher, i. 459 Tebriz, a town, i. 80; ii. 101, 102, 106, 108, 141 Te Deum, The, i. 442 Tejnîs, i.e., paronomasia, or alliteration, or homogeneity in sound or in letters between each two successive words, i. 82, 238, 485, 486, 500, 532; ii. 146 Tekoah, i. 87. See Jeremiah vi. 1 Tekwîr [At], or “The Folded-up,” the name of the eighty-first Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 53 Temâ’im, i.e., amulets or beads or necklaces, i. 113, 285 Temîm, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 10, 94, 318; ii. 83, 214, 215, 231. See Benû Temîm Temîmi, i.e., of the tribe of Temîm, ii. 83, 87, 225, 231 Tesnîm, a fountain in Paradise, i. 208, 430 Testament, Old, i. 43, 89, 279 Teutonic, i. 85 Thaghâm tree, ii. 27 Thaḳîf, a tribe, i. 64, 405 Tha‘labeh, son of Amr ibn Amir Muzayḳîyâ: the story of his migration, i. 288, 289, 425, 426 Tha‘labî [Ath], the Author, i. 270–272 Thames, The, ii. 306 Thamûd, People of, destroyed by God for their wickedness, i. 31, 208, 373, 431–433, 441. Compare the Koran, Tabari, and Mirkhond Thamûd, son of ‘Âbar, son of Aram, son of Shem, son of Noah, an Arab ancestor and tribe, i. 432, 466 Tharîd, an Arab dish made of meat, milk, and bread, highly esteemed, i. 382, 383, 429, 430 Thât al Athl, The Day of, i.e., the day on which a celebrated fight between certain Arab tribes occurred, i. 388 Thât al Koṣûr, the old name of the town Ma‘arrat an No‘mân, in the north of Syria, i. 336 Thawwab, son of ‘Amr, the opponent of Ṣâliḥ, the Prophet at Thamûd, i. 433 Theocritus, the celebrated Greek Poet, i. 91 Theology, i. 63 Thobyân, an Arab tribe, i. 316, 317, 382 “Thousand and One Nights,” i. 329, 440. See “Arabian Nights” Thu’l Ḳarnayn, a supposed prophet, and mentioned in the Koran, xviii., i. 85, 93, but who he was is doubtful. There was another of the same name, the one called “The Greater,” the other “The Lesser,” two-horned, i. 31 Thû’l Kefl, the prophet mentioned in the Koran, i. xxi, 85, but who he really was is doubtful, i. 267, 268 Thunder, the name of the thirteenth Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 409 Ṭîb, a town, ii. 15, 24 Tiflis, the well-known town in the Caucasus, ii. 50, 58, 208 Tigris, The, i. 9, 380, 391, 399, 445; ii. 104, 194, 245 Tihâmeh, a district of Arabia, i. 372, 428, 527; ii. 70, 125, 178 Timur, or Tamerlane, History of, by Ibn Arabshah, i. 50, 98, 489 Tobba‘, name of the Himyaritic Kings of Yemen, i. 279, 372, 381; ii. 184, 310 Tobba‘, People of, i. 431 Ṭofayl ibn Dallâl, the Dârimi, supposed to be a celebrated dinner-hunter, and father of all intrusive guests, also connected with a proverb, “More intrusive than Ṭofayl,” i. 195, 215, 407, 411, 495; ii. 221 Ṭofayli, a jargon, or kind of language, applied to various kinds of food, also an intruder uninvited while people are eating or drinking, i. 214, 407, 408, 411, 450 Toghril Beg, the grandson of Seljuk, i. 3 Tom Thumb, i. 59 Tophet, i. 393 Tow’am the Yeshkari, a poet, i. 484, 485 Ṭoways, a musician and singer, i. 437 Toothpick, i. 140; its qualities described, i. 144, 153; ii. 182, 244 Tradition, i. 20, 24–27, etc. See Appendix A Traditional, i. 100, 267, 371, 421, 463; ii. 271, 298 Traditionary, i. 41, 99 Traditions, i. 6, 14, 29, etc. See Appendix A Translation, i. 45, 49, 70, etc. See Appendix A Translations, i. 45, 90, 340 Translations of Ḥarîri into Latin, English, German, French, etc., i. 101, 102 Translator, i. 1, 101, 275; ii. 89, 132, 147, 258 Translators, i. 90; ii. x Transliteration, i. x; ii. ix, x Transoxiana, or Mawarannahr, i. 344; ii. 306 Trojan, i. 92 Troy, i. 91 Tumâḍir, daughter of ‘Amr, son of Ḥârith, son of Sherîd . . . son of Sulaym, and sister of the warriors Ṣakhr and Mu‘âwiyeh, i. 387, 390; ii. 147, 246. See Khansâ [Al], which was her bye-name, or nickname Tunis, i. 410 Ṭûr, Mount, ii. 19 Turkish, i. vi, 4, 84; ii. 252 Turkoman, i. 4 Turkomans, i. 21 Turks, The, i. 3, 4, 466, 489 Ṭûs, a town in Khorasan, i. 258, 260, 261, 526 Tyre [Ṣûr], a city, ii. 24 Tzetzes, The Byzantines, two brothers, Isaac and John, i. 92 and note, 539 ‘Ufâr tree, ii. 233 Umaiyah bîn Aṣ Ṣalt, a poet, ii. 215 ‘Umarân [Al], a term applied to the two immediate successors of Mohammed, viz., Abû Bekr and ‘Omar, ii. 253 ‘Umay, a famous depredator, ii. 189 Umm Jemîl, wife of Abû Lahab, i. 439 Umm Salamah, the sixth wife of Mohammed, ii. 20 Ur of the Chaldees, i. 488 Uwais, or Uways al Karani, the most eminent ascetic and devotee of Kufa, ii. 100, 242 ‘Uzrah, an Arab tribe, ii. 143, 280. See Benû ‘Uzrah ‘Uzrî, i.e., of the tribe of ‘Uzrah, ii. 255 Venetian, i. 341 “Venice, Merchant of,” ii. 102 Verses indited or recited by Abu Zayd, i. 110–112, 115–117, etc. See Appendix A Verses by his pupils, ii. 148–154 Verses by his son, i. 148, 184, 239, 240; ii. 65, 66, 68, 158 Verses by his young wife, ii. 106, 142 Verses by the father of Akhzam, ii. 278 Verses of Ḥârith, son of Hammam, i. 114 Verses of the Generous Entertainer, ii. 133 Verses of the Kadi, ii. 125 Verses of the Kadi Ibn Qitri, ii. 167 Verses of the Poet Abû Nuwas, ii. 299 Verses of the Poet Abû ‘Obâdeh, i. 114, 115 Verses of the Poet Abû ’l Atâhiyah, ii. 228, 253, 254 Verses of the Poet Abû ’l Ḳâsim as Sâlimî, ii. 238 Verses of the Poet Abû ’t Taiyib, ii. 238 Verses of the Poet Abû ’sh Shamaqmaq, ii. 293 Verses of the Poet Afwah al Awadi, ii. 230 Verses of the Poet Akhṭal, ii. 227 Verses of the Poet Farazdaḳ, i. 318, 350; ii. 225 Verses of the Poet Ṣurr-Durr, ii. 201 Verses of the Poet Ibn Ar Rumi, ii. 297 Verses of the Poet Ibn Ḳanbar, ii. 267 Verses of the Poet Imr al Kays, i. 374; ii. 267 Verses of the Poet Iṣhâḳ ibn Khalaf, i. 435; ii. 209 Verses of the Poet Jerîr, ii. 225 Verses of the Poet Ka‘b ibn Zohayr, ii. 305 Verses of the Poet Kaṭâmi, ii. 241 Verses of the Poet Komayt [Al] ibn Zayd, ii. 242 Verses of the Poet Laqît, ii. 293 Verses of the Poet Mutenebbi, ii. 193, 238 Verses of the Poet Nâbighah, ii. 190, 289, 308 Verses of the Poet Tarafeh, i. 284, 359, 360, 380; ii. 304 Verses of the Poet Zohayr, ii. 212 Verses of the Poet Zohayr bin Jinab al Kalbi, ii. 237 Verses of the Poet Zû’l Rummah, ii. 284 Verses of various Poets, i. 273, 280, 309, etc. See Appendix A Versicle, i. 47, 48 Versicles, i. 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 51–53, 297 Versification, i. 52–54, 57, 126, 366; ii. 156, 289 Victory, the name of the forty-eighth Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, i. 213 Wabâr, a region between Yabrîn and Yemen, said to be inhabited by Jinn, i. 403, 479 Wabâr, son of Irem, son of Shem, i. 479 Wadi Moḥassir, near Mina, i. 342 Wâdi‘ah, son of ‘Amr Muzayḳîyâ, i. 426 Wadd, an idol of the people of Noah, and alluded to in the Koran, ii. 20, 96, 197 Wâfir, an Arabic metre, i. 55, 56, 496 Wâḥidi [Al], an Arab Author, according to whom there are four gardens, or paradises of the earth, as named, i. 368 Waḥshî, the negro slave who killed Hamzah at the battle of Ohud, and Musaylimeh, in Yemâmeh, ii. 245 Waḳwâḳ, The island or country of, i. 467 Wâ’il, an Arab ancestor, i. 448, 528 Wâ’il, son of Ḥojr, a Kayl, or prince, who made his submission to Mohammed, i. 438 Wâṣil ibn ‘Aṭâ, the founder of the sect of the Mu‘tazilûn, or Seceders, and a lisper, i. 464, 467, 468 Wâsiṭ, a town between Kufa and Basra, ii. 14, 15, 194 Wâsiṭi, i.e., of Wasit, proverb and story about it, ii. 194 Wâthiḳ [Al], the ninth Abbaside Khalif, i. 497 Wazîr, i. 5, 24–26, 28, 29, 469–471, 493, 526; ii. 155, 188, 201 Weil, Dr. Gustav, German Orientalist and Historian, i. 5 note, 327, 471, 493; ii. 255, 283 Welîd [Al] ibn ‘Abd el Melik, the sixth Omayyide Khalif, i. 17, 65, 344, 369, 383, 458, 520 Welîd ibn Moghayrah, a man much respected by the Koraysh, and an opponent of Mohammed’s, i. 415; ii. 292 Welîd ibn ‘Oḳbah, connected with a proverb, i. 324 Welîd [Al] ibn Yezîd, the eleventh Omayyide Khalif, i. 437 Wellington, Duke of, i. 71 West, The, i. 1, 3, 164, 194, 204, 262, 304, 410; ii. 57, 138, 171, 179, 265, 286, 308 Western, i. 23 Wine, i. 173, 174, 180, 188, 244, 248, 485, 495; ii. 8, 13, 14, 21, 47, 50, 56, 71, 72, 75–77, 112, 133, 136, 163, 166, 219, 220, 222, 223, 259, 276 Wolf’s Tail, The, i.e., the false or lying dawn, i. 162, 358 Wüstenfeld, Henry Frederick, German Orientalist and Historian, i. 373 Xeres, the town in Spain, i. 265 Xerxes, i. 92 Yabrîn, a town, and a desolate region in Southern Arabia, said to be inhabited by Jinn, i. 446, 479; ii. 123, 265 Yaghûth, one of the false gods, or idols, mentioned in the Koran, i. 404 Yaḥya ibn Khâlid, the Bermeki, Wazir to Hârûn ar Reshîd, the fifth Abbaside Khalif, i. 72 Yâjûj, or Gog, i. 466 Yarbû‘, Tribe of, i. 495, 518 Ya‘rob, said to be the first man who spoke Arabic, i. 86, 426, 466 Yashjob, son of Ya‘rob, i. 426 Ya Sin, the name of the thirty-sixth Sura, or chapter, of the Koran, ii. 256 Yathrib, or Medina, i. 295, 397, 428, 522; ii. 57 Yathrib, or Yatrib, a place near Hojr, in Yamâmeh, i. 397 Yemâmeh, a town and district of Arabia to the East of Mecca, i. 397, 479; ii. 156, 262, 265, 290, 291, 297 Yemen, i. 10, 64, etc. See Appendix A Yezîd i., the second Omayyide Khalif, i. 458 Yezîd ii., the ninth Omayyide Khalif, i. 485 Yorkshire, ii. 308 Yûnus ibn Ḥabîb, the instructor of Sîbawayh, the Grammarian, i. 498 Zâ, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, use of which is explained with Zâd, ii. 147, 153, 154, 289 Zabîd, a city in Yemen, ii. 62, 63, 211 Zacharias, a prophet according to the Moslem belief, i. 267; ii. 223 Zâd, a letter of the Arabic alphabet, use of which is explained, ii. 147, 153, 154, 289 Zafâr, a place, i. 279 Zakât, or legal alms, ii. 46, 48, 91, 199 Zalim ibn Ṣarrâq, or Ṣâriq, whose bye-name was Abu Sufrah, ii. 255 Zamakhshari, or Jâr Allah, the Commentator, on the Koran, i. 39, 65, 97, 316, 500, 513, 521, 532; ii. 307 Zamzam Well, ii. 34 Zarḳâ’ Al Yemâmeh, a woman celebrated for her powers of eyesight, and said to be the first who used koḥl, or collyrium, for the eyelids, i. 296, 381, 382; ii. 181, 297, 309 Zarîfeh, or Zarîfet al Khayr, a Divineress, the wife of Amr ibn Amir Muzaykîyâ. She had a dream about the breaking of the dyke of Mareb, i. 41, 42, 48, 372, 373, 423 Zayd, a name used in a grammatical example, ii. 272 Zayd, a youth, and supposed son of Abû Zayd, i. 130 Zayd ibn Arḳam, the Traditionist, ii. 298 Zayd ibn Thâbit, said to be the first Editor of the Koran, i. 93 Zayd, the adopted son of Mohammed, i. 307; ii. 299 Zayd to ‘Amr, a phrase meaning from one person to another, i. 257, 522 Zaynab, wife of Zayd above mentioned, divorced by him, and afterwards married to Mohammed, his seventh wife, i. 307 Zaynab, a woman, ii. 150 Zayn al ‘Âbidîn, son of Al Ḥosayn, son of ‘Ali, i. 350 Zebbâ [Az], a Queen, wife of Jathimet al Abrash, i. 73, 80, 277, 382; ii. 104, 190, 246 Zebbâ, wife of Al Ḥârith ibn Sulayk, the Asadi, i. 408 Zenj, The, a black race, i. 467 Zerenj, Castle of, i. 309 Zillah, wife of Lamech, i. 43 Zindîḳ, or Freethinker, i. 493 Ziyâd, a scamp, ii. 196 Zobaydeh, wife of Hârûn ar Reshîd, i. 80; ii. 104, 245 Zobayr [Az] bin Al-Awâm, an early convert to Islâm, joined ‘Âyisheh and Ṭalḥah bin Abd allah in the rebellion against ‘Ali, i. 327, 472 Zodiac, Signs of the, i. 313, 314; ii. 234 Zoharah, the woman who seduced Hârût and Mârût, i. 434 Zohayr bin Janab al Kalbi, the warrior poet, ii. 237 Zohayr ibn Abi Sulme, the pre-Islamite poet, and author of one of the Mo‘allaḳât, i. 56, 306, 400, 460; ii. 212 Zonâm, a flute-player, i. 209, 438 Zowrâ, a name applied to the Tigris in the neighbourhood of Bagdad, and to the eastern part of the city itself, i. 176, 380 Zû’l Rummah, a poet, ii. 284 Zull, son of Zull, i.e., Nobody, son of Nobody, ii. 18, 195

[The undermentioned names are included in the Index, but as the references to them throughout the work are very numerous, it has been considered best to show them separately, so as to lighten the Index itself.]

Abû Zayd, the name of the improvisor in Ḥarîri’s Assemblies, i. 21–28, 35, 37, 38, 42, 58, 71, 75–83, 106, 108, 112, 113, 117, 120, 121, 125–130, 133, 140, 142, 151, 152, 156, 158, 161, 164, 167, 168, 175, 176, 180, 181, 185–187, 190–192, 194, 198, 204, 206–208, 213–215, 217, 218, 220, 223, 228, 229, 232, 234, 241–243, 253, 256–259, 264, 272, 274, 278, 281, 286, 287, 289, 294–296, 298, 299, 301, 302, 306, 307, 310, 311, 313, 318, 320, 321, 325, 331, 336, 347, 348, 365, 368, 376, 378, 382, 383, 391, 399, 402, 417, 421, 433, 434, 441, 442, 447, 452, 453, 466, 489, 521; ii. 1, 2, 6–8, 14, 15, 17, 25, 30, 31, 35, 37, 39, 45, 48, 55, 58, 62, 63, 69, 71, 72, 74, 81, 83, 89, 90, 92–94, 97–103, 105, 108, 109, 119, 120, 122, 123, 127, 130–132, 141, 147, 155, 156, 163, 167, 169, 175, 181, 190, 195–197, 207, 215, 218–220, 222, 225, 233, 245, 247, 261, 262, 266, 277, 282, 283

Alfîyeh, The, by Ibn Mâlik, i. 12, 55, 98, 273, 290, 300–302, 304, 312, 315, 331, 363, 442, 496, 501–503, 508, 509, 512, 513

‘Ali, the fourth Khalifah, i. 7, 14, 31, 60, 281, 290, 327, 333, 350, 364, 401, 415, 416, 452, 457, 458, 472; ii. 239, 283, 293

“Anthologie Grammaticale Arabe,” by De Sacy, i. 12, 296, 384, 400, 401, 409, 413, 418, 419, 427, 438, 498–500, 502, 508, 513, 524, 525, 532, 538; ii. 270

Arab, i. 3, 5, 10, 12, 15, 19, 27, 34, 40, 41, 44, 47, 48, 51, 55, 62, 64, 66, 67, 73, 90, 95, 98, 99, 106, 275, 277, 279, 283, 286, 288, 297, 300, 309, 312–314, 320, 327, 332, 338, 340, 346, 356–358, 360, 361, 363, 383, 384, 400, 420, 422, 448, 455, 456, 459, 478, 488, 491, 497, 503, 506, 514, 515, 525, 527; ii. 2, 37, 125, 132, 137, 139, 163, 199, 219, 220, 229, 233, 244, 246, 248, 255, 270, 276, 286, 304

Arabia, i. 9, 10, 41, 43, 164, 279, 288, 371, 374, 422, 426, 438, 441, 504, 527; ii. 93, 202, 238

Arabic, i. v–vii, ix, x, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12 16, 18, 20, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 47, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 73, 83–87, 89,

This appendix shows the names of people, places, and things as spelt by Mr. Chenery in 1867, compared with the transliteration of the present day by Dr. Steingass, who prefaces the subjoined list with the following explanatory remarks:

“The system of transliteration observed by me is based on two distinctive principles: Firstly, to represent, to the exclusion of every element of doubt, the written Arabic character, which, excepting some slight variations in the shape of the letters, has not altered ever since the Koran was first committed to writing; secondly, to select the representative symbols so as to make them fit in with the transliteration of other Oriental languages in England, particularly with that of the diverse idioms of India, partly derived from Sanscrit.

“The former of these principles applies especially to the vowels, and aims at the uniform rendering of the three unvariable signs for the elementary vowels Fatḥah (‘a’), Kasrah (‘i’), and Ẓammah (‘u’), taken by themselves and in connection with the weak consonants Yâ (‘y’) and Wâw (‘w’), irrespectively of their sounds, or the way in which they are pronounced. Pronunciation has changed, and probably will go on changing, in different times and places, and is therefore in all languages, as English illustrates in the most striking manner, only to be acquired by oral instruction. When it is made the basis of transliteration, it leads unavoidably to inconsistencies. To begin, for instance, with the beginning: The name of the first letter ‘Alif,’ which, with the original sound of its initial, has, thanks to Greek, survived until this day in the first syllable of the English word ‘alphabet,’ is spelt by Mr. Chenery ‘Elif,’ because it is thus pronounced by the modern Arabs. But for the same reason he should write ‘El Ḥârith’ instead of ‘Al Ḥârith,’ for ‘El’ is the pronunciation now given by most Arabs to the article, and adopted, e.g., in Professor Wright’s Arabic Grammar. Again, if Mr. Chenery spells ‘Moslem’ instead of ‘Muslim,’ he may with equal right transliterate ‘Ḥâreth’ instead of ‘Ḥârith,’ the last syllable of either word having Kasrah for its vowel. Another point of divergence between the two systems refers to Fatḥah, followed by a quiescent Wâw or Yâ, in which case the Sukûn over the weak consonants indicates that their consonantal character submerges in their cognate vowel element, which forms with the preceding Fatḥah the diphthongs corresponding to the Greek and , in Roman letters ‘au’ and ‘ai.’ I therefore would have written ‘Zaurâ’ for Chenery’s ‘Zowrâ,’ and ‘Zaid’ for his ‘Zayd’ (why not ‘Zeyd’ in analogy with ‘Zowra’?).

“With regard to the second principle concerning the consonants, I substitute the symbols ‘Ẓ,’ ‘T̤,’ and ‘Z̤’ respectively, for Mr. Chenery’s ‘Ḍ,’ ‘Ṭ,’ and ‘Ẓ,’ or in other words, I would spell ‘Tumâẓir’ for his ‘Tumâḍir,’ ‘T̤ûr’ for his ‘Ṭûr,’ ‘Z̤âhir’ for his ‘Ẓâhir,’ etc. Thus the first two of his letters with a single dot underneath, ‘Ḍ’ and ‘Ṭ,’ remain available for the transliteration of cognate letters in some of the Indian languages. ‘Z̤’ for his ‘Ẓ’ recommends itself as a correlative of ‘T̤,’ both consonants represented thereby having in Arabic similar outlines and a strong organic affinity, and ‘Ẓ’ for ‘Ḍ’ is justified by the relation of the transcribed letter to that designated by Chenery and myself by ‘Ṣ,’ the Arabic character of which has the same shape, and from whose peculiar sibilant sound it inclines towards ‘Z.’

“Chenery’s ‘Th’ corresponds to my ‘S̤,’ and when underlined, as in ‘Jathîmeh,’ to my ‘Ẕ,’ the object of which substitutions is to avoid as much as possible the use of compound letters in the transliteration. If in this respect the time-honoured ‘Gh’ and ‘Kh’ are preserved, they should be underlined, in order to indicate that they are not to be pronounced separately, but as a single sound—the ‘Kh,’ for instance, somewhat like the Scotch ‘ch’ in ‘loch.’ This is of prosodic importance when the letters occur in the middle of a word; for if in the transliteration of the Arabic ‘lughah,’ for instance, the constituent parts of the compound character were kept separate in pronunciation as in the English word ‘loghouse,’ it would, according to the laws of Arabic prosody, form a spondee, while in reality it is an iambus.

“There is one point more to consider in every system of transliteration, namely, the avoidance of diacritical signs altogether as far as feasible. This applies to the letters Kâf and Ḳaf (Qâf). Their distinction by means of a dot below the second one has much in its favour, but, on the other hand, both occur so frequently in Arabic, that the accidental breaking off of the dot in type or its omission by oversight may cause numerous mistakes. In France and England, therefore, the second letter was represented by ‘C,’ of which the English dictionary word ‘cadi’ is a remnant; but the different pronunciation of ‘C’ before ‘E’ and ‘I’ from that before other vowels led to its abandonment. The same objection, however, does not exist against my transcribing the guttural in question by ‘Q,’ and this practice gains more and more in extension.

“After an attentive perusal of the above remarks, and by aid of the annexed alphabetical list, the student of Arabic will have no difficulty to retransliterate, according to my system, any of the names of persons, places, and objects which the editor has taken great pains in altering from the original spelling of vol. ii. into that of vol. i.: