Dabistān - The Dabistān, or School of Manners, Volume 3

SECTION III. —OF SOME OF THE SAINTS AMONG THE MODERNS, AND OF THE SUFIS, WHOM THE AUTHOR OF THIS WORK HAS KNOWN.

The God-devoted lord Mawláná shah Badakhshí, when he had come from his accustomed abode to India, by the assistance of God was received among the disciples of Shah Mír of the Kádarí lineage, who had chosen his residence in the royal capital of Lahore, and acquired great knowledge by his studies. From the original compositions of this sect of holiness, we have the following quatrain:

Besides, the lord Mahi eddin Muhammed, the master of rank and dignity, the lord of the universe Dáráshukó,¹ having, according to his desire, hastened to wait on his person, obtained the object of his wish, so that, whatever was established as certainty among the theological propositions which he found for the benefit of the travellers in the vast desert, he sent it to Kachmír, where the lord Múláná sháh keeps his residence.

Any questions of every one who interrogates are asked from him, although they may fall from the tongue of the asker, and the hearing of every thing solicited comes from the asker, although he himself may not know it.

Some of this sect of Alides (may God sanctify their tombs!) also believe that the progress of perfection has no limits, because revelation is without limit, as it takes place every moment; hence it follows that the increase cannot be limited. So they say, if the Súfi live one thousand years, he still is in progress. Some of the ancient Shaikhs proffer, as a confirmation of this statement, that the Shaikh al islam, “the shaikh of the right faith,” said: There exists no more evident sign of bad fortune than the day of a fixed fortune; whoever does not proceed, retrogrades. It is reported as the saying of the prophet (may the benediction of the most High be upon him):

It was also said: “A traveller, who during two days goes on in the same manner, is in the way of detriment; he must be intent upon acquiring and preserving.”¹

The greatest part of this sect maintain the same doctrine, but, by the benediction of my Shaikh, the crier for help in the quarters of heaven, the teacher of the people of God, the godly, the lord Mulána Shah (the peace and mercy of God be his!), upon me, an humble person, fell, as if it were the splendor of the sun, and made it clear to me that the Súfi has degrees and a limit of perfection, that, after having attained it, he remains at that height; because with me, an humble broken individual, to remain at a height attained, is proficiency, inasmuch as every state has its perfection, and the perfection of a progressing state annihilates the progress. This is also the meaning of the before-quoted saying of the prophet; because there is lute freedom with those only who are united with bondage with those who tend towards God, and absohim, and the words “two days” refer to time. In the same manner my master (the mercy of God be upon him!) interpreted those words. The truth is, that they have not understood the saying, and have not penetrated into the interior sense of the figurative expression: because the latter refers in truth to the insufficiency of a contemplative man. And this sense agrees with that of the following authentic tradition of the prophet (the peace and blessing of the Highest be upon him):

“There are moments in which I am with God in such a manner that neither angel nor arch-angel, nor prophet, nor apostle, can attain to it.”

These words confirm his having once been in a lower station. It is said that the prophet (the peace and blessing of the most High be upon him!) was not always of the same disposition, the same state, and the same sort of constitution; but this is not so, but from the same approved tradition it is evident that the prophet (peace and blessing upon him!) was always in the same state, and no ascent nor descent was possible therein; because he says: “Yon place was at once so contiguous to me, that no cherub or no divine missioned prophet ever found himself in such a situation.” The time of a prophet is a universal one, and is free from temporariness: this time has neither priority nor posteriority—

Except this, the noble tradition has no meaning, which is also evident from the obvious interpretation, and moreover included in the state of perfection and constitution of Muhammed (peace and blessing upon him!). But, in the sense which they attribute to the words, a deficiency is necessarily implied. The state of the lord of the world (Muhammed) is always in the perfection of unity; this is the best to adopt, at times in a particular, and at times in a general qualification. There is also another interpretation which the Shaikhs (the mercy of the most High be upon them) gave to these words: inasmuch as the gradations of these Saints are infinite. Thus in the work nefhát ul ins, “the fragrant gales of mankind,”¹ the opinion of the Shaikhs is stated to be, that some of the saints are without a mark and without an attribute, and the perfection of a state, and the utmost degree to which Saints may attain, is to be without an attribute and without a mark. It was said:

Besides, those who acknowledge an ascent without a limit, if in the pure being and true essence of the glorious and most high God, who is exempt and free from ascent and descent, color, odor, outwardness and inwardness, increase and decrease, they admit a progression, it must also be admissible in the existence of a Súfi professing the unity of God. And if they do not admit a gradation of progress in God, then they ought not to admit it in the professor of the divine unity, who in the exalted state of purity and holiness became united with him. When a devotee among men, having left the connexion with works of supererogation, arrives at that of divine precepts, he realises the words:

“When thou didst cast thy arrows against them, thou didst not cast them, but God slew them.”¹

It may be said: Certainly, he who became one with God, and of whose being not an atom remained, he, from whose sight both worlds vanished, who in the steps of right faith arrived at the rank of perfect purity, and from truth to truth became God, what then higher than God can there ever be, to which the pious professor of unity may further tend to ascend? It is known:

Every one, as long as he is in the state of progress, cannot have arrived at the condition

Because care and fear derive from ascent and descent. Fear at ascending is in the expectation whether the ascent will succeed or not, but whoever disregards ascent and descent, and elevates himself above care and fear, he obtains tranquillity in tranquillity, and rectitude in rectitude. And the verse of the merciful is:

Hence is also understood, that the Súfi remains steadfast in the dignity of perfection, for rectitude is perseverance. O Muhammed! it is necessary; remain fixed in the dignity of professing the unity of God, which is free from the misfortune of inconstancy. And the verse of the merciful is:

“The day on which I perfected religion for your sake, and rendered complete my favor towards you.”

This indicates clearly the meaning that, by this perfection also, the prophet (upon whom be the peace and the blessing of the most High!) is manifested. And those who, on account of the infinity of revelation, hold progress to be perpetual, are not right: because, as long as the sight is illuminated by the light of the revelation, the revelationists and the illuminated are still separate, and not yet become one:¹ in this state there is duality and infidelity in the individual who has not yet been liberated from the idea of something double in himself, and he to whom an atom of something else but that one remains attached is reckoned, by all professors of unity and by all perfect saints, to be one who gives partners to God or an infidel, and in a state of deficiency.

Why dost thou not thyself produce revelation, so that thou mayest always be illuminated?^*

As this question, solved in this manner by me, humble individual, was very abstruse, I sent it to my friends, that, if there were occasion for further discussion, they might write to me, and thus the matter be better elucidated. God alone is all-sufficient; the rest is inordinate desire. What has been hitherto said is taken from the prince of the world (Dara sheko).

It should be known that, in the work Meráśed al ânáyet, “Observations upon the blessed favor,” is stated, that the sect, which in their (exalted) feeling¹ conquer the state of jazbet,² jamâ va vahedet, “attraction, union, and unity,” have acquired, by means of the superiority of the manifest name (the quality of) exterior deity, and interior and hidden creation. This sect is called, in the language of the Súfis, saheban-i-kereb³-i-feráis, “the masters of proximity to divine “precepts,” and this proximity is acknowledged to be that of divine precepts. This sect, which, on account of the proper meaning of the name of al báten, “interior,” may be brought into relation with expansive creation and hidden reality, this sect after jamâ, “union,” obtains ferk, “division,”¹ and this is called kereb-i-naváfil, “proximity of supererogation.” The lord Shaikh Muhammed Láheji states that jamâ, “union,” is contrary to ferk, “division;” and division is the veil of God before the creatures. Every one sees the creation, but acknowledges God to be without it; every one has the sight of God by means of the creation, that is, every one sees God, but the creation by itself affords no access to the sight of him.

Besides, the Mariyam of the world, the Fátima of the time and ages, the purity of human kind, the protecting intelligence, Jehán ára “the ornament of the world,” the begum, the lady, “the daughter of Abu 'l Muzafer Shíhábu 'd dín Muhammed sáhib-Kirán sání Amir ul muslemin sháh Jehán pádsháh ghází, the victorious lord, the bright star of religion, Muhammed, a second Sáhib Kírán, the Amir of the believers, Shah Jehan, the conquering emperor, having secretly followed, by the desire of her heart, the injunctions of the blessed Mullá shah, turned her face to the right rule, and attained her wish, the full knowledge of God. One of the wonderful speeches of this blessed and exalted personage, whom the author of this book knew, is the following: In the year of the Hejira 1057 (A. D. 1647) Mulla shah came to the house of a friend in Hyderábád. One of the persons present, by way of reproving allusion, began to ask questions about the hurt which the bégum of the lord received by fire. The teacher of morality said to him: “A slight garment imbibed with oil, when it takes fire, is easily burnt;” in such a manner came the misfortune upon the most pure form of her majesty. This person laughed and continued to revile. By accident, somebody came from the house of this person and said: “What, art thou sitting here, whilst thy sister is burnt, because fire fell upon her garment.” The master observed: “In such a manner, I said, befell misfortune on the illustrious princess; God has shown it to thee.”

The Sufi Mulla Ismâíl Isfahaní, seeking enjoyment, came from Iran to the great towns of India, and in Lahore visited the lord Míán Mír; he chose the condition of a Durvish, and from Lahore soon betook himself to Kashmir, where he abandoned the worldly affairs, and practised pious austerity. The author of this book saw him in Kashmír, in the year of the Hejira 1049 (A. D. 1639). The following verse is by him:

From Mírzá Muhammed Makím, the jeweller, the information was received that Mír Fakher eddin Muhammed Tafresí was occupied in Kashmir with reviling and reproving Mulla Ismâíl and Fakher, and said: “These belong to the infidels, and are destined to hell.” Mulla Ismâíl answered: “In this state I with held my hand from worldly affairs, and in this world never was associated to thee; in like manner in the future world, as, according to thy opinion, we are infidels, and go to hell, and not to heaven with thee; therefore it behoves thee to be satisfied and content with us, as we have left to thee the present and the future world. The Mobed says:

Mírzá Muhammed Mokim, the jeweller, further said: A person gave bad names to Fakheraye Fál; the latter, looking towards him, gave him no answer. When we asked him the reason of his silence, he replied: “A man moved his lips, and agitated the air; what does that concern me?” Fakher, the ornament of mankind, was not much addicted to religious austerity, but gave himself up to counselling, reforming, and correcting others. He assumed the surname of Tarsa, “timid, or unbeliever;” he called the Journal of his travels, Dair-namah, “Journal of a tavern (also monastery).” In this Journal are the following lines:

In the year of the Hejira 1056 (A. D. 1647), according to information received, Fakhera Tarsa left his old habitation in Ahmed ábad of Guzerat. The father of the Durvish, the pious Sabjáni, was an inhabitant of Hirát, but he was born in India. This illustrious person made a great proficiency in the sciences of philosophy and history, and acquired also a fortune; but he at last turned his face from it, and chose retirement and solitude; for many years he followed the footsteps of a perfect spiritual guide; he travelled to see monasteries and hermitages, until he became the disciple of Shaikh Mujed eddín Muhammed Balkhí Kâderí, who was free, virtuous, and remote from the world. The said Shaikh read the whole work of Shaikh Mohí eddín Arabi before his master, and his master perused it likewise with Shaikh Sader eddin Kautíví, who had heard the whole of it from Shaidh Mohí eddín. Ths pious Sabjáni frequently expounded the words of the lord Rais ul Mohedín, “the chief of the believers of divine unity,” Shaikh Mohí eddín Arabí, and those of the best Súfis, and as he was carried to the very limit of evidence, he found them conformable with the doctrine of the Platonists. The godly Sabjána studied the whole work of the celebrated Shaikh in the service of his perfect master. After this attendance, having resigned every thing into the hands of the fortunate Shaikh, he turned his face entirely to sanctity, and lived a considerable time retired in solitude, until his master declared to him: Now, thou hast attained perfection. The pious Sabjáni keeps nothing with him but the cover of his privities; he abstains from eating the flesh of any animal; he asks for nothing; if any sustenance be left near him, provided it be not animal food, he takes a little of it; he venerates the mosques and the temples of idols; and he performs in butgadah,¹ “house of idols,” according to the usage of the Hindus, the puja and dandavet, “worship and prostration,” that is, the religious rites, but in the mosques he conforms in praying after the manner of the Muselmans; he never abuses the faith and rites of others; nor gives he one creed preference over another; he always practises abstinence, but at times he breaks the fast with some fruits from the mountains, such as pine-kernels, and the like; he takes no pleasure in demonstrations of honor and magnificence to him, nor is he afflicted by disdain and contempt, and in order to remain unknown to men, he dwells in the Kohistan, “mountainous country” of the Afgháns and Kafris, and the like. The Kafrís are a tribe from Kabulistan, and are called Kafer Katóriz, who before lived upon mountains, in deserts and forests, remote and concealed from others.

The author of this book saw Sabjání in the year of the Hejira 1046 (A. D. 1636) in upper Bangash. This personage never sleeps at night, but sits awake in deep meditation; every one who sees him would take him for a divine being. Shaikh Sâdi says:

Sabjání appears a (divine) revelation in his actions; steps, attributes, and nature, and to have attained the summit of perfection. He said that, with respect to the other world, there are several classes of men. The one denies the absolute being; another interprets it in an abstract manner of reasoning, inasmuch as they have sufficient intelligence to be modest and conciliating. The distinguished Súfis, without interpreting the different systems of nations, which, in their separate creeds of various kinds and religions, differ about the beforesaid object, view in the bodies the agreeableness of imagery. Khiźer, Elías, Brahma, Ganésa, and all the gods of India, these and the like representations, which in this world have no reality, all are distinct objects of imagination. Essential is what was said by Abu Nazer Farábí (may God illume his grave!) that the common people view their creeds under the form of their imagination. The author of this book heard also from the lord, the pious Sabjání: The contemplative man sees every one whom he loves and esteems, frequently in dreams in a beautiful shape, and in an exalted state, although to other people he may appear iniquitous; and the person whom he knows to be depraved, will often be viewed by him in a repulsive condition, although to the crowd he may appear glorious and powerful. Hence follows, that the learned among the contemplative persons make use of a negative argument in their creed, in order that it may become evident what the truth really is. When any one sees a person of high rank, such as a prophet, an Imám, or any dignified individual, in a state of some deficiency, he views his own defects in his understanding, spirit, heart, or nature; and as these things are but seeming defects in the great personage, he must endeavor to remove them from himself. In like manner, if one sees a person in good health (appearing to him) in a state of illness, there is illness in his own state, and if he thinks him bad with regard to his own faith, he ought to be somewhat disposed to think that person good.

A disciple demanded some employment from Sabjání. The master asked him: “Hast thou devoted thyself to piety?” The answer was: “I have.” Then Sabjání said: “If thou art a Muselman, go to the Franks, and stay with that people; if thou art a Nazarean, join the Jews; if a Sonni, betake thyself to Irak, and hear the speeches and reproaches of those men; if thou professest to be a Shíah, mix with the schismatics, and lend thy ear to their words; in this manner, whatever be thy religion, associate with men of an opposite persuasion; if, in hearing their discourses thou feelest but little disturbed, thy mind keeps the tenor of piety; but if thou art not in the least moved and mixest with them like milk and sugar, then certainly thou hast attained the highest degree of perfect peace, and art a master of the divine creation.”

Yusef was a man belonging to the tribe of Durds,¹ and in his youth a hermit; at last, by his efforts, he found access to the intellectual world, and by the grace of God he carried it so far, that he was ranged among the disciples called Sanyásis, on account of their piety and knowledge, and among the learned followers of the celebrated master, who dwelt in Bárahmúlah, a village in Kachmir. It so happened that, when he devoted himself to his service, he found what he was in search of. Shaikh Aťar says:

Having known many countries and persons, he became impressed with the marks of revelations. So it happened that the author of this book heard from him what follows: “One night I saw in a dream that the world was deluged by water; there remained no trace of a living being, and I was myself immersed in the water. In the midst of this state I saw a kingly rider come, sitting upon his horse upon the surface of the water. When he came near me, he said to me: ‘Come with me that I may save thee.’ I replied: ‘Who art thou?’ He answered: ‘I am the self-existing being, and creator of all things.’ Then I began to follow him rapidly, and run along the surface of the water, until I arrived in a garden. There I put my foot on the ground, and, directing my sight to the right, I beheld a delightful spot, full of all sorts of odoriferous herbs and elevated palaces, huris (beautiful virgins), kaśurs (bridal chambers), and youths and boys, and all the gifts of heaven, as well as the blessed, occupied with enjoyments. Besides, at the left, I saw pits, black, narrow, and tenebrious; and therein, like bats, suspended a crowd of miserable beings whose hands and feet were tied to the neck. The horseman, after having invited me to a pleasure-walk in the garden, wanted to conduct me out of the delightful place, but I had resolved in myself that, like Idris, I would not go out of it. Then I stuck close to the door, and took fast hold of the post. When I awoke from sleep, I found my lips held fast by both my hands; and thus it was revealed to me that, whatever is, exists within mankind itself.

“Demand from thyself whatever thou wishest: for thou art every thing.”

It is related: That there was a man called Baháder among the Hindus, and he happened to have no male offspring in his house; therefore he came to Baba Yúsef, and demanded his benediction. Baba Yúsef gave him a bit of white earth, and said to him: “Let thy wife eat it.” When the man had done as was enjoined him, a boy was born in his house, and received the name of Rahu. This individual, by the favor of the friends of God, became a learned man, and acquired the surname of “independent,” as was said in the chapter of the Jnanian.¹

The Mulla, called Umer, prohibited Baba Yúsef to listen to music, and whatever gentle entreaties Baba Yúsef employed, he paid no attention to them; at last the Baba, in the perturbation of his mind, threw a small fragment of stone upon him, in such a manner that Mulla Umer lost his senses for some time; when he recovered, he prostrated himself before the Baba, went out, and was no more seen.

Yúsef, the inspired, was a durvish, devoted to the practice of restraining his breath, which he carried so far that he kept his breath during four watches (twelve hours).¹ One of his friends said to the author of this book in Kachmir, that Yúsef during a length of time ate nothing at all. The friend related: “I went one night to watch with him; he said to me: ‘Go and eat something.’ I replied: ‘I will; but it would be well that thou also shouldst take something to eat and to drink.’ His answer was: ‘Thou art not able to satisfy my want of food.’ I assured him: ‘I am able.’ He then ordered: ‘Go, bring what thou hast.’ I went home and brought him a great dish full of rice, a large cup of coagulated milk, with bread and other eatables, as much as might have been sufficient for ten gluttons; he eat up every thing, and said: ‘Bring something more.’ I went home, prepared a meal for twenty persons, and with the aid of the people of the house, brought it to him. He eat it up, and desired more. I returned home, and carried to him meats half cooked and other things. He eat up all, and said: ‘Bring more.’ I fell at his feet; he called out: ‘Have I not said to thee that thou wouldst not be able to satisfy my want of food.’”

One of his disciples related: Yúsef said, that he has seen God the Almighty in the shape of a man, sitting in his house. The author of this book frequented the society of many contemplative pious Súfis, and learned men of this sect, elevated in rank; if he should relate all he knows of them, he would have to write a copious work.

To sum up precisely the creed of all these sects, it may be said, that some do not agree upon beings perceived and beings probable, but all acknowledge the existence of appearances. These are called Súfistáyah, and in Persian Samrádí. All those who believe all ought to be comprehended in what is perceived, and deny any reality to things probable (or to the subjects of reason), are named Tábíâyah, “physiologists,” in Persian, Mansí. The belief of the latter is, that the world is composed of things perceived, and of individuals, children of Adam, and that animals are like plants: the one dries, the other shoots up afresh, and this occurrence will be repeated without end. Enjoyment is comprehended in eating, drinking, women, vehicles, and the like, and besides this world there is no other existence. Some agree upon the existence of things perceived and things probable, but differ npon the limits and laws. These are entitled Filásafa-i-dahriah, “secular philosophers,” in Persian Jáyákárí, “attached to temporariness.” This sect establishes a world of probabilities (composed) of nothing but things perceived, but they believe also the perfection proper to mankind is that, after a certain knowledge of an Almighty Creator, they attain the future spiritual existence in an exalted station of the rational world, and become blessed with an abundance of every beatitude; they acknowledge a powerful intrinsic virtue of the intellect in the acquisition of this everlasting beatitude, which, with the essence of wisdom, has no want of another gift of any sort whatever. Disgrace means the opposition to the mode of laudable reason, and law is the mode in which the wise have settled the common affairs of the individuals of mankind conformably with rectitude.

There is another sect which, assuming the conviction of a material and immaterial world, and the power of reason, believe in a prophet, and say, that these distinguished persons have established the law for the good of God's creatures and the order of cities; and to that effect they possess a knowledge of the highest and most perfect kind; they are supported by the self-existing Being for the establishment of regulations and the decision of what is legal and forbidden, and what they announce concerning the world of spirits, angels, the ninth heaven, the throne of God, the tables of destiny, the written characters, and the like, are all ingenious inventions, rendered sensible to the understanding of the vulgar under forms which strike the imagination and offer tangible bodies; in this manner, in the account of the other world, they represent figuratively paradise, and húrís, kasúrs, rivers, birds, and fruits, merely with the intention of subduing the hearts of the vulgar, as allurement often renders their minds inclined to the proposed ends. And what they relate of chains, bolts, and hell, is calculated for alarming and terrifying the people. This class of men, that is the philosophers, direct also their hints and interpretation to this object, and their disciples say, that their wish is to follow the indicated footsteps of the prophet; these are the pious sages to whom they give the title of “philosophers of God,” and in Persian Jánsáyi, “the polishers of souls.”

The sect which adopts the material and immaterial world, adopts also the precepts of reason, but not the laws of the prophet. These are named Sábíah .¹ Another sect agrees to the material and immaterial world, and to the precepts of religious reason. but they say that the law of the prophet is to be conformable with reason, and every prophet who appears is not to be opposed to his predecessor, and not self-complacently to exalt his law: these are the Yézdanían. Some adopt the law of tradition, which others, with respect to literal meaning, reject as contrary to reason.

It is known that there are five great religions, viz.: that of the Hindus, Jews, Magians, Nazárean, and Muselmans. Each of these five proffer claims that their law is the true one, and set forth demonstrations for the confirmation of its truth.

Finally, at the conclusion of this book let it be said that, according to the statement of some excellent personages, every thing relating to religion and law has been exhibited in the work Tabśeret ul âvam, “Rendering the Vulgar quick-sighted;” but at present this is not before the eyes of the author; on that account its contents remain unknown to him. The author begs further to say that, after having greatly frequented the meetings of the followers of the five beforesaid religions, he wished and undertook to write this book, and whatever in this work treating of the religions of countries has been stated, concerning the creed of different sects, had been received from the tongue of the chiefs of those sects or from their books, and, as to the account of the persons belonging to any particular sect, the author wrote down the information which had been imparted to him by their adherents and sincere friends, in such a manner that no trace of partiality nor aversion might be perceived; in short, the writer of these pages performed nothing more than the office of a translator.

Thus, by the aid of the generous King, was brought to a conclusion the printing of this work, entitled Dabistán al Mazáheb, “the school of sects,” in the month of October of the year 1809, since the Messiah's being carried to heaven,¹ the prophet, upon whom be the blessing (of heaven), which corresponds to the sacred month of Zí 'l Kâdah, “the penultimate month of the Muhammedans,” of the year 1224 of the Hejira of Muhammed, upon whom be the most excellent blessings and veneration, as well as upon his family and companions. Glory to God for his benefits! at the final conclusion.

In the name of the bountiful and merciful God.

After the praise of God, who is acquainted with things future and invisible, who painted the tables of existence of mankind, and in the Dabistán exhibited the truths of things by the information of names and by the representations of intellect, and put his mark thereupon; who bestowed on man, susceptible of guidance, the pittance of the verse:

He, the unity in whose being all the imaginable unities are lost, and the multitudes of contrary sects and religions are the exhibitions of his attributes.

Prayers of the pious, salutations of the saints, sacrifice for the holy spirits of the prophets and apostles, blessing and peace be upon our prophet and upon them! who are the guides of the roads, those who walk before us on the ways, parts of the whole.

The meanest of the weak servants in the post of ignorance, taking upon himself to offer a noble present to the lordship of the country of God's creatures in the empire of positive truths, and of the throne-ornaments belonging to the district of subtilties, represents, that the power of the omniscient and bountiful God (be his majesty displayed and his mercy diffused upon all!), has gratified the species of mankind, according to the exigency of natural genius, and the propensity of mind; and according to the choice of a special rule and the assumption of a particular religious opinion of each, in such a manner that a troop, having been invested with the garment of lawful religion, and another people with the golden texture of a convenient doctrine, they may become the manifestations of the lights of his perfect power and glorious miracle, and he knew by immediate knowledge, that such various kinds and cameleon-like forms, by which the inscrutable essence of his majesty can be viewed by glimpses, are means of possessing eternal beatitude, and obtaining the blessings of another world, inasmuch as the meanest of those who acquire the beauties of knowledge having arrived from the defile of ignorance and listlessness to the large expanse of the city of science and knowledge, may enjoy the advantages of concord, friendship, and society with each other.

In this manner, one day, when the discourse fell upon this subject in the service of the master of favour, the head of the sages of the age, the unequalled jewel of the multitude of the possessors of beneficence, the ornament of the council of experience and of success, the splendor of the assembly of the distinction of merit and of happiness, the man of exalted designs, knowing the enigmas of science and wisdom, and endowed with eminent virtues, WILLIAM BAYLEY SAHEB,¹ (may his prosperity be everlasting in the ways of celebrity), I expressed my sentiments as follows: That whích embraces the different tenets and sects, demonstrating in what respects they are either agreeing or conflicting with each other, is an object not destitute of difficulty nor of pretension; but the book called Dabistán, is incomparable for the assemblage of various tenets, and of general and particular creeds. Direction was therefore given that, as to execute the transcription of such a book is, on account of the errors which may be committed, an object of hesitation and reflection, it should therefore be drawn in the form of print. As obedience to the order of a lord is praiseworthy, necessary, important, and not devoid of various manifest advantages, therefore was printed the beforesaid copy, which is replete with the fundamentals of each religion and sect, and a collection of the dogmas of all creeds and sects explicitly and distinctively, in order to diffuse the useful notes and disseminate the precious gems in such a manner, that the colleagues in study may derive from the reading of this work an abundant advantage, and a sufficient satisfaction. Thus, a multitude of copies in this country, which came under the view of the editor, contained numerous errors, alterations, and contradictions of vicious expressions; afterwards, with extreme care and pains to obtain the authentic copy which had come into my possession from the town of the King of the World (Delhí), the doubts and faults have been, as much as possible, discarded, and the editor carried it to a manifest correction. Besides, on account of different idioms and technical phrases of each sect, the understanding and interpretation of frequent expressions of this book were difficult without having recourse to dictionaries; on that account, and for the convenience of those who consider and the utility of those who investigate, the editor, having inquired and examined as much as was possible, by means of the most esteemed books, such as dictionaries, interpretations, and commentaries of the learned of each sect, fixed the meaning of difficult words at the end of this book in some separate leaves, in such a manner that, without trouble and useless prolixity, the brides of those ideas may become manifest upon the exalted bridal seats of intelligence.¹ Moreover, for ranging the the vocables, the editor adopted the mode that under the first letter should be placed the chapter, and under the second letter the section, and he appended this vocabulary to the end of the book. He made also a list of errata, and concluded with an epilogue, in order that all those who reason and discuss upon these typical matters, may have the facility of understanding them. Thus, from God we expect grace and certain direction to righteousness and to favour.

AADIL (MULLA) of Kashghar, vol. II. pp. 334, 349, 355.

Aáisha, the favorite wife of Muhammed, III. 57 — accompanies the prophet on an expedition — remains behind on a night-march —is suspected; censured by Ali, against whom she conceives great hatred, 100 — called Sidikah — married when nine years old — after Muhammed's death the head of a party—wages war upon Ali—taken in battle—generously treated — dies forty-five years after the prophet—her tra- ditions of Muhammed, 213.

Aalemgir (see Aureng-zeb).

Aalem al Jabrut, “the world of spirits,” III. 239 n. 2 — the highest empyreal heaven, 248— the world of power, 267, 269.

Aalem al Malk, “the world of God's throne,” III. 239 n. 2, 268.

Aalem al Malkut, “the world of images,” III. 239 n. 2.

Aâráf, its various signification, III. 149 n. 1.

Aâyán Kharjíah, “external substances,” III. 231 n. 1.

Aâyán Sabitah, “fixed realities,” III. 223 n. 2. 230 n. 233.

Abab, title of the king of Kohistan, II. 452.

Abád, king, I. 20, 21.

Abád Azád, king of the second dynasty, succeeding the Mahabadian — retires from the world — his time described, I. 22, 23, 28.

Abadian, a sect of the Persian religion, I. p. 6.

Aban, name of an angel and a month, I. p. 61, 62 n. — the Angel of Water, 270 n. 296 n.

Abas, son of Muhammed Mirza, king of Persia, II. 146 n. 1.

Abás (Shah), son of Khodábendah Safavi, II. 146 — persecutes the Vahadiahs, III. 23 — attached to the religion of Ali, 24 n. 1 — reduced the Kurjis to order, 138.

Abbasides (Khalifs), the duration and end of their dominion, II. 450 n.

Abenama, a Saracen, translator of Aristotle, III. 207 n. 1

Abdal, “Santons,” III. 265 n.

Abd-allah, son of Aamar, governor of Basra, III. 55.

Abdallah, son of Serj, III. 55.

Abdallah, son of Sâd (or Sáid), son of Abu Serh (or Jerh), III. 55 n. 2.

Abdallah, son of Wahab, son of Saba, II. 356 n. 2.

Abd-alah Kalabi, a Muhammedan theologian, II. 329.

Abdállah Kuteb Shah, sovereign in a part of India, II. 70.

Abdallah Tahir Zavalimin, governor of Khorasan, I. 307.

Abd 'ul Khader, son of Ahdad, succeeds to his father—attacks and puts to flight Zafir Khan, II. 45, 46—submits to Shah Jehan, 47— date of his death, ibid.

Abdal mothleb, an ancestor of Muhammed, clears the well of Zemzem, near Mecca, III. 15 n.

Abd 'ul Kader Bédávani, an interlocutor with Abu 'l Fazil, III 96.

Abdul Latif Khaja, a distinguished personage of Maverah ul Naher, III. 99—his opinion upon sayings concerning Muhammed, 100.

Abdullah, father of Miyán Báyezid, III. 27, 28.

Abd-ul Malik Atás, an Ismâilah, protector of Hassan Sabah, II. 429.

Abdul Nabi, a distinguished lawyer of the Sonnites, under the reign Akbar, declares the taking of nine wives to be legal, III. 87.

Abd ul rahmen ben Ahmed Jami (Mawlana), II. 334—a short account of him, ibid., n. 1, 344.

Abd-ur-rahmen, a Maâviah, founder of the dynasty of Ommiades, in Spain, II. 361 n. 1.

Abdur-Rahman, son of Maljam, the assassin of Ali, II. 357 n. 2.

Abhi Chand, translator of a part of the Mosaic book, II. 299, 300.

Abhimana, selfish conviction, II. 10 n. 3.

Abhyasa, constant repetition, II. 124 n. 3.

Abhyásayoga, contemplation, II. 124 n. 1.

Abi al Abas Kalánasí, a Muhammedan theologian, II. 329.

Ab-i-zur, “Water of Power,” I. 331.

Abtin, of the lineage of Jemshid, I 88.

Abtin, receives instructions from Jemshid, I. 194.

Abu Abd allah Jabr, ben Abd allah al Ansari, III. 233 n. 3.

Abu Ali, physician and author (see Avisenna), quoted, I. 13.

Abu Ali, an adherent to Hassan Sabah, sends a body of men to the relief of the fort Alamut, II. 437.

Abu Ali, Vizír appointed by Hassan Sabah, in Alamut, II. 441.

Abu Ali al Jobbai, master of Abúl Hassan al Ashari, II. 330.

Abu Ali Hussain, son of Abdullah Sina — his history, II. 168 — his birth, 169 n. 1 — cures Amir Nuh —goes to Khorasan, ibid.—obliged to fly to Abyuverd — Georgia —cures a love-sick prince, 170, 171 —repairs to Rai—to Kazvin—to Hamdan—becomes a Vizir, 172— obliged to abscond—raised again to the Vizirat—composes a great work upon medicine, 173 — is brought to Isfahan—dies in Hamdan, 174 n. 2 — was never in Kachmir, 175.

Abubeker (Khalif), I. 98 — account of his deeds, reign, and death, 98, 99 n. 1; II. 332, 341.

Abu Hashem, the first Muhammedan Sufi, III. 221 n.

Abu Jâfir, Vakil of the invisible Imâm, II. 384.

Abu Jafr Almansor, the second khalif of the Abbasides, II. 398 n. 399.

Abu Jâfre Tusi—his account of the Muhammedan sects, II. 365, 379.

Abu 'l Bashr, name of Gilshah, I. 29.

Abu 'l Fazil (Shaikh), the minister of Akbar, ordered to interpret several foreign works, III 92, 93 —author of the Ayin Akbari — murdered by order of the prince Jehangir, ibid. n. 1—he received the sacred fire from Akbar, 95— placed confidence in Azar Kaivan, 96—his opinion about authors of books, ibid. — composes a sermon, 101—writes imperial ordinances, 121, 127—a book of advice to king Abas Safavi, 136.

Abul Faśel Ahmed ben Mussa al Arbeli, abridged the work Ihya of Ghazali, II. 350.

Abul Fazil (Rais), conceals Hassan Sabah in his house, II. 429.

Abulfeda, quoted II. 169, 173, 329 n. 1-2, 331 n. 358, 365, 383, 418 n. 2, 430, 433; III. 51 n. 2. 55 n. 1-2, 60 n. 312 n.

Abul Firaj, historian of the Arabs, quoted, III. 66, 106 n. 1.

Abu 'l Hassen, surnamed Lashkir Khan Mashhedi, quoted by the author of the Dabistán, III. 138.

Abu 'l Hassan Alí Ebn Muhammed Lamiri, the last Vakil of the invisible Imám, II. 385 — his last will, ibid.

Abu 'l Hasen Asharî, the founder of a Muhammedan sect, II 330 n. 1. —the opinions of this sect, ibid.

Abul Hassan Sayidi, brings a son of Nazar from Egypt to Almut, II. 443.

Abul Hassen Suri, III. 282.

Abu 'l Hassan Taherani, surnamed Isfaháni, son of Ghâib baig, surnamed Jâtímad eddoulah, III. 216.

Abu 'l Kassem, a name of the great prophet Muhammed, and also of Muhammed, son of Hassan, the last of the twelve Imáms, II. 383 n. 1.

Abulkasim Fandaraski (Mir), adorer of the sun, I. 140.

Abu 'l Kasem Hossain Ebn Ruh Ebn Ali Baher Noubakhti, Vakil of the invisible Imám, II. 385.

Abu 'l Kasem Kandersaki (Mir), III. 205, 206.

Abu Muhammed Mustapha, in his Life of Gusht-asp, mentions Zardusht's works as being very voluminous, I. 224 n.

Abu Muhammed Sahal ben And, surnamed Shosteri or Tosterí, III. 147 n. 1.

Abu Muslem Rázi, judge of Raí, II. 424.

Abu Mussa Jabr, ben Haíían al Sufi, III. 234 n.

Abu Naśr Muhammed Ebn Turkhan al Farabí, III. 170 n. 1.

Abu Nazer Farabí, III. 302.

Abu Sâid al Hassan, son of Hassan, son of Suri, II. 351.

Abu Tamim Moadd Moezzledin allah, the first acknowledged Fatimite Khalif, makes Cairo in Egypt his capital, II. 418 n. 1.

Abu Teher Ismâil, son of Kayem, the third Fatimite Khalif, II. 419 n. I.

Abu Yazid, called Dajál, the anti-Christ, II. 418 n. 2.

Abu Yezid (Bayezid) Taifer Bastami, III. 229 n. 1, 291 n. 1.

Achamana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 60 n. 1.

Ad, an ancient tribe of Arabs, II. 369 — adored four deities, ibid. n. 1.

Adab Bhat, a Jnánindra, vol. II. 107.

Adam (book of), the Genesis, II. 299—a translation of it, from the beginning to chapter VI, verse 8, in the Persian Dabistán, 300 — Variations therein, after comparison with seven copies of Arabic, Persian, German, English, and French Bibles, 301, 304.

Adem, “non-entity,” III. 223.

Aderian Shah, “the chief of fires,” I. 330 n. 2.

Adhad eddin al Iji, author of the Mewákif, “stations, posts” (or theses) of Metaphysics, II. 323.

Aditya, the solar vein, II. 132.

Adi granth, sacred book of the Sikhs, vol. II. 246 n. 1. 254 n. 4.

Adwâr and ikwár, cycles of years, III. 169.

Afâali, “belonging to action,” a kind of divine manifestation, III. 270.

Aferasdam, raising the breath, II. 135.

Afernigan, funeral repasts, I. 315— explained, ibid. n. 2, 319.

Aflátes (Pilatus), II. 307.

Aflatun (Plato), II. 374 n. 2.

Afrád, “rudimental units,” III. 17.

Afrasiab, king of Turan, extraordinary power of retaining his breath, II. 130 — concealed in a cavern—taken by Hum—dived into water—drawn out and killed by Khusro, ibid. n. 1.

Agama, a work on sacred science, II. n. 2.

Agastya, a star, and a saint — swallows the sea — makes the waters subside, II. 34 — his birth, ibid. n. 1—lowers the Vindhya range of mountains, ibid.

Agathius, quoted, I. 209 n.

Agatho demon, III. 105 n. 1—an Egyptian king, Knef — the good principle — the inoffensive serpent —Chetnuph, 106 n.

Aghlan herbi, a chief of the Moghuls—how he punishes the negligence of two Moghul soldiers, III. 115.

Aghush, the first king of the Arsacides, I. 225 n.

Agni, or Vahni, regent between south and east, II. 219.

Agni chakra, the circle of fire, one of the six regions of the human body, II. 151.

Agni Pramána. “the professors of fire,” II. 243.

Agnish toma, sacrifice of a goat to Agni, II. 82 — a sacrifice of five days, ibid. n. 1.

Ahádis, “traditions,” II. 380 n. 1.

Ahalyá, daughter of Gautama, II. 68.

Ahankara, a sphere, II. 10 — three modes of it, 13.

Ahdad, son of Jelál-eddin, son of Báyezid, receives the title of Rashid Khan, and is appointed to a command—the date of his death, III. 47.

Ahinsa, harmlessness, II. 125 n. 9.

Ahmadai of Tiran, a follower of Mazdak's creed, I. 378.

Ahmed, one of the names of Muhammed, II. 456 n. 2.

Ahmed, son of Nizam ul mulk, sent against the Ismailahs, II. 439.

Ahmed, surnamed Almistali, son of Montaser, II. 430 — his whole title Abul Kasem Ahmed al mistáli billah, ibid. n. 3.

Ahmed Tatvi (Mulla), author of the work Khálasa al hayat, quoted, II. 160.

Ahnud-jah, the first additional day of the Persian year, I. p. 62 n.

Ahnu Khushi, mechanics, I. 30 n.

Ahrá, name of a nosk of the Zand-avesta, I. 275.

Ahriman, evil demon, I. 9. — emblemed in a hawk, 75—different statements concerning him, 235, 236 n.

Ahriman, evil principle, produced by Time — anterior to Ormuzd, I. 236 n. 354, and n. 2—proceeds from apprehension, suspicion, or envy, 357—to last only for a certain period, 357, 358 and n.—an associate of darkness, 359.

Ah san Ulla, surnamed Zafer Khan, son of Khájah Abu 'l Hassan Tabrizi, a Moghul general, acts against Míyán Ahdád, III. 44.

Ahyáyi âlum al din, “the revival of the sciences of faith,” a work of Ghazáli, recommended for perusal in Akbar's ordinances, III. 123.

Ajapa, a particular mantra, II. 133 n. 2.

Aid, “feast,” III. 262.

Aid fitr, “the feast of breaking fast,” III. 261 n. 1.

Aid Kurban, “the feast of sacrifice,” III. 264 n. 1.

Ajem explained, I. 146 n. 1.

Aikáb, “vicissitude,” III. 284.

Aín ul Kazat, quoted, III. 262, 263.

Ajnyákhyam, the union of the coronal and sagittal sutures, II. 131.

Aisha Girda, a Sanyási, adept in restraining the breath, II, 147 — skilled in magic and sleight of hand, 148.

Aisia (Jesus), II. 297, 298, 305, 306, 307.

Aisuyah (Christians), II. 308—their

creed, 308, 312 — the ten commandments of God, 312, 313— five other commandments, 313, 314—seven sacraments, 315, 316 — authority of the Pope, 317 — Christian virtues, 317, 318 — fourteen gifts of God, 318, 319—Sins enumerated, 319, 321—the Gospel translated into different languages, 322.

Ak, asclepias gigantea, II. 80.

Akalis, “the Immortals,” a distinguished class of the Sikhs, II. 288 n. 1.

Akamnath, a Yogí and Saint—believed to have lived two thousand years—his speeches before Jehangir, II. 116, 117—went to Mecca —returns to Hindostan, 118.

Akas, ether, II. 39 — space, 40, n. 1.

Akba Abd ullah, son of Sâd, son of Abi Serj, III. 56.

Akbar (emperor), his code quoted, II. 165.

Akbar, Jelal-eddin, son of Hamayun and of Banu Begam — date of his birth, III. 49—permits and provokes religious disputes before him, 50, 97—his own creed exhibited, 75—the practices enjoined by him, 83, 86—establishes the worship of the stars, ibid.—secludes a number of children from society, to their fourteenth year, when they are found to be dumb, 91—approves the worship of the ancient kings of Persia, 91 —says prayers to the sun, 94— forbids the killing of cows, 95— invites fire-worshippers to his court, and establishes the preservation of perpetual fire, ibid. — orders the fixation of a new sentence of profession, 97 — proclaims a new faith, 98—a new era, 99— further regulations of Akbar, 102, 103, 104, 121 to 136—writes a book of advice to king Abas Safavi, 136 — remarkable speech of Akbar, 137 — employs men of all nations in his service, 138.

Akhárah, a Dakhani word for a sort of sacrificial wood, II. 80.

Akhbárin, “dogmatical traditionists,” II. 372 n. 1, 379, 387, 388, 391, 392.

Akhbár Nabi, “History of the Prophets,” quoted, II. 367.

Akhlák Naśeri, “a Treatise upon Morals,” composed by Nasir-eddin, II. 447, n. 2—recommended for perusal in Akbar's ordinances, III. 123.

Akhori, a sect, II. 129.

Akhshater-jah, the fourth additional day of the Persian year, I. 62 n.

Akhshi (Mobed), a Persian, founder of a sect—his epoch—opinion, I. 208, 209.

Akhshiyan, a sect, I. 208.

Akhtaristan, a work containing the Sipasian tenets, I. 35—a description of the worship and class of worshippers of each planet, ibid. 35 to 41, 42.

Akhun (Mulla) Derwezeh, author of the Makhan Afghani, a compilation on the ritual and moral practice of Islam, III. 47 n. 1, 48 n.

Akhyár, “the best,” III. 265 n.

Akl, “wisdom,” its various acceptations, III. 141 n. 2.

Akl fâal, “superior wisdom,” III. 181, 202, 203.

Akl Kulli, “the universal spirit,” III. 283.

Akmian, sect who kill and eat men, II. 129.

Akni, the south-east region, II. 35.

Aksa, name of a mosque, II. 339.

Alabek Tóshacin shergir, or Alabek Nushtekin Shergir, a Persian chief sent against the Ismâilahs, II. 439.

Aladed-doulah, son of Jafer Kakyuah, invites Abu Ali to Isfahan, II. 173—conquers the country of Tajed ud doulah, ibid.— employs Avisenna, 174.

Ala eddin Muhammed, son of Jelal-eddin Hassan, the seventh ruler of the Alamutians, II. 447—date of his death, 448.

Alâdiliats, “the party of the Just,” I. 101 n.

Alámah hallî, “the most learned ornament,” title of a distinguished theologian, II. 379, 380.

Alamut, a town and fort near Kazvin, II. 433—besieged by the Umrah of Malik Shah, and defended by Hassan Sabah, 436—its name changed into Buldet ul ikbal, 437 —besieged repeatedly by the Persians, 439—taken and destroyed by the Tartars, 450.

Alar, founder of a sect—an Iranian —his epoch and belief, I. 206.

Alartúsh, name of a Nosk, I. 273.

Alayi, the name of a wind, II. 133.

Alburz, mountain—its situation, I. 22 n. 232 n.—retreat of Zardusht for consulting Hormuzd, also the abode of Mithra, ibid. and 243 n.

Alep, or Haleb, a town in Syria, II. 432.

Alexander (Sekandr), supposed son of Darab, receives a book of Zardusht, forming a part of the Desátir, I. 278 n. — orders Persian books to be translated into Greek, ibid.—burnt the Nosks, for which he burns in hell, 279 n.

Alhíyát (Ilahyat) shafa, “hymns of recovery,” III. 207, 218.

Alhulíyat, a school of Súfis, III. 242 n. 1.

Ali, son of Abu Taleb, I. 47, 98 — account of his deeds, reign, and death, 100 n.; II. 332, 341—acknowledged as Imám and Khalif by the Shiáhs, 362—a chapter of the Koran, supposed to have been suppressed, concerning Ali, 368 to 371—wages war upon Mâaviah— kills with his own hands four hundred enemies, III. 59 n. 2— cuts off the head of a seller of onions and garlic, 60—was libidinous, 62—Muhammed's eulogy of Ali, 456 n. 1 — his poems and sayings, ibid.—a verse of his quoted, 232.

Ali, the son of Mámun Massar, king of Khórasan, II. 169.

Ali Ebn Abbas, Rumi, an illustrious poet—the date of his death, III. 123 n. 4.

Ali Ilahian, a sect residing in Kohistan, II. 451 — numerous in India, ibid. n. 1 — their creed, 452, 460.

Alíka, “heaven,” II. 127.

Ali Osman ben Ebil Ali el Ghaznavi (Shaikh), III. 265 n.

Ali Sani Amir Saiyid Ali of Hamadan, quoted, I. 90.

Ali Zikrihi-al sálam, surname of Hassan, son of Muhammed, the fourth ruler of the Alamutians, II. 442 — various versions upon his origin, 443, 444 — he is also called “the resurrection”—institutes a new era by the festival of resurrection, 445—is stabbed, 446.

Alkus, or Malkus, an enchanter, I. 314 and n. 1.

Al Melal u alnahal, “the means of curing wearisomeness and melancholy,” a work of Sheheristáni, II. 323 n.

Almutiah, a class of the Eastern Ismâilahs, II. 420.

Alp Arselan, the second Sultan of the dynasty of Seljucides, II. 425 n. 2.

Al rais, surname of Avisenna, II. 168, 169 n.

Alrang, the angelic world according to the Sipasians, I. p. 86.

Alráshid billah, the thirtieth Khalif of the Abbasides, killed by the hand of a Fedáyi, II. 442.

Amara-das, second successor of Nának, II. 253, 254 n. 2.

Amara nath, a sect, II. 128.

Ambaret Kant, author of a mystical work, translated by himself into Persian, II. 137.

Amedat ul matekad, “the Pillar of Believers,” a learned work, II. 351.

Amézish-i-Farhang, “intercourse of science,” how the Abadian Durvishes behaved to society, and to strangers introduced to them, I. 141, 142, 145.

Ami, “the Illiterate,” title assumed by Muhammed, II. 454 n. 1.

Amíghistan, work quoted, I. 15, 26.

Amir shir Khan, procures liberty to Jengis Khan, when the latter was a prisoner, III. 114.

Amir ul Múmenín Karan sani, title of the emperor Jehangir, II. 277.

Ammianus Marcellinus, I. 171.

Amr Khaiam, his verses quoted, I. 196.

Amral Kais, son of Hajr, king of the Arabs, a great poet, III. 65 n. 1.

Amrita Sara, a reservoir of water at Rampur or Ramasdur, in the Panj-ab, II. 254 n. 3.

Amshasfands (six), first celestial spirits after Ormuzd, I. 235 and n. 237.

Amur Nuh, son of Manzur Samani, cured by Avisenna, II. 169.

Amuzian, the learned, I. 20 n.

Ana Gura Roshni, one of the seven heavens of the Persians, I. 293 n. 1.

Ana hatam, the root of the nose, II. 131 n. 1.

Anahid, a genius, guardian of the germs of Zoroaster's posterity. I. 281 n.

Anahid, “free voice,” I. 81.

Ananta, a Vairagi, II. 196

Ananta Véda, the eternal Véda, II. 18.

Andarímán, follower of the Alarian sect, I. 206.

Andha-tamasa, great darkness, II. 179 n.

Anga, part — six angas of Hindu learning, II. 65 n. 1—enumerated, ibid.

Angad (Guru), immediate successor to Nanak, II. 253, 254 n. 1.

Anjir dasti, a Persian word for the Indian fig-tree, II. 80.

Aníran, an Angel presiding over the 30th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Anif-eddin Telmesani, III. 232 n. 1.

Ankahísh, name of a Nosk of the Zend-Avesta, I. 275.

Anna-prasanna, a rite of the Hindus, II. 56 n. 2.

Anquetil du Perron, quoted, I. 7 n. 18 n. 60, 61, and elsewhere — brought from India several Zand, Pehlevi, and Persian works—published a part of them in French, 223 n. 226 n. — his account of Zoroaster's life in chronological order, 280, 281 n —as translator of the Zand-Avesta, the principal authority concerning Zoroaster's religion.

Ansar, “protector, defender,” III. 27 n. 1, 52 n.

Anśus, “rays,” of Brahma, Vichnu, Mahadeo, II. 218.

Antun Bushuyah Wavaraj, a Frank and Christian, I. 137—becomes a Kalander — goes about naked — abstemious and humble, 138.

Anvari Sohili, “the Canopian Lights,” Indian work translated into Persian, I. 104 n.

Anumána, “inference,” II. 203.

Anushkan, a sect of the Persian religion, I. 6.

Apamána, “resemblance,” II. 203.

Apana, “flatulence,” II. 133 n. 1.

Apavarga, “beatitude,” II. 205 n. 6.

Apragraha, “not to ask any thing,” II. 125.

Apu (Apius), name of Esculapíus, III. 111 n. 2.

Aradah, numerical quantity, equal to one hundred radah (see radah), I. 25.

Arafat, a mountain near Mecca, a station of pilgrims to Mecea, III. 257 n. 1.

Aran, a class of Sanyasis, II. 139.

Arang, “the world of divinity” according to the Sipasians, I. 86.

Arani, plant to kindle sacrificial fire, II. 80 n. 1.

Arastu (lmam), arranged the logical science, II. 210.

Arastu (Aristotle), II. 374 n. 1.

Araz, numerical quantity, equal to one hundred raz (see raz), I. 25.

Ard (Ird), angel, presiding over the 25th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Ardai-Viraf, gives an account of heaven and hell, I. 283 — his epoch—follower and defender of Zoroaster's religion, ibid. n.— selected by the Mobeds—his soul absent from his body during seven days—on its return, narration of what had passed, 284 to 304.

Ardehil (town), its ancient name— fire-temple, I. 52.

Ardashir, etymology of the word, I. 304 n. 1.

Ardashir, disciple of Kaivan, I. 104.

Ardashir, a Dostur, brought the Vendidad from Sistan to Guzerat, I. 223 n.

Ardashir, a follower of Zardusht, called from Persia to Akbar's residence, III. 95.

Ardashir, king of Persia, I. 163.

Ardashir, son of Sassan, restores the religion of Zardusht, I. 266—goes to Kabulistan — erects a monastery, 276 n. 2.

Ardashir Babegan, king of Persia, I. 104 — account of his descent and reign, ibid. n 180 — assembles forty thousand Mobeds around him — selection made among them, 283.

Ardhanari, a sect, II. 128.

Arjasp, sovereign of Tur, invades Persia—is repulsed by Isfendiar, I. 191 n. 1 — invades Persia for the second time, ibid. and 371 — carries off two daughters of Gushtasp—is killed by Isfendiar, 191 n. 1.

Ardi behesht, name of an angel and month, I. 61, 62 n.—gives instructions to Zardusht, 241 and n. — appears in Gushtasp's palace, 257 —in heaven, 290.

Arirfah, “the ninth day of the moon,” III. 257, 258.

Aristotle, quoted, I. 212 n.—shows a knowledge of Zoroaster's works 224.

Arjunmal, the fourth successor to Nanak, II. 253, 254 n. 4—collects tribute, 271—imprisoned by Jehangir, 272 — dies of bad treatment, 273.

Ariz, “notary,” I. 156.

Armí, the most western town of Azarbijan, the native place of Zardusht, I. 263 n. 1.

Arnil, Armal, or Azbil, a place in the East of Kohistan, II. 451.

Arsh, the ninth heaven, III. 161.

Arsh-i-Kerim, “the throne of mercy,” III. 283.

Arshiya, “accountant,” to be attached to a king, I. 155.

Arsh-i-majid, “the throne of glory,” III. 283.

Arslan Shah, or Arslan Tash (Amir), besieges Alamut — put to flight, II. 437.

Artang, arzhang, a set of pictures, attributed to Mani — opinion of baron Hammer concerning it, I. 205 n. 3.

Artha, “objects of senses,” II. 204.

Arvand, son of Kái Nishín, I. 88.

Arzabad receives, without injury to his person, molten copper and brass on his breast, I. 266.

Asamán, angel presiding over the 27th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Asana, particular mode of sitting, II. 125 n. 3, 126.

Asana pancha, “five things,” II. 57 n. 5.

Asaph (or Assat) and Nayelah, two idols, represented by two rocks near Mecca (called Safa and Marvah), II. 410; III. 15 n.

Asari, “impression,” a kind of divine manifestation, III. 270.

Asbat, “confirmation,” I. 136.

Asefnivas, name of Greek sage, II. 160 n. 1.

Ashad, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 274.

Ashârian, the Muhammedan sect selected for salvation, II. 324, 330.

Ashem Vuhu, a particular prayer, I. 313 n. 1, 319, 321, 325.

Ashíánah (the seven) houses of the earths, II. 346.

Ashnud-jah, the 2nd additional day of the Persian year, I. p. 62 n.

Ashrákin, Ashrakian (Hukma), Platonic philosophers, II. 374—the ancients, who did not follow the prophet, 389.

Ashrám, a class of Sanyásis, II. 139.

Ashtád, angel presiding over the 26th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Ashu (Surush), angel of Paradise, I. 285.

Ashwan, pure spirits, I. 288.

Ashudád, “heaven-bestowed,” I. 335.

Ashur Beg Karamanlu, disciple of Farzanah Bahram, I. 133 — his precepts, 134 — manner of life, 135.

Asia, wife of Pharaoh, III, 51.

Asir eddin Mifazzel, son of Omar al Abheri, III. 218.

Askar, also called Sermenrai, city in Syria, II. 383 n. 1.

Askaram, the 19th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta—its contents, I. 274 n.

Asmání, celestial, I. p. 21.

Aspár, a numerical quantity, equal to one hundred shamár (see Shamár) I. 24.

Asparam, the 17th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta—its contents, I. 274 n.

Assad Allah al Ghaleb, “the lion of God,” the victorious, 98, 100 n.

Astarám, name of a Nosk of the Zand Avesta, I. 275.

Asta va Zand, Asta wasta, instead of Zand-Avesta, I. 231.

Asterabad, capital of Georgia, II. 372.

Astéyam, not stealing, II. 125.

Aśvamedha, sacrifice of a horse, II. 37—what understood by it, 38.

Asul Fikah, “the science of the fundamentals of religion and law,” II. 375 n. 1.

Aśulin, “solid reasoners,” II. 379.

Asúlújía, supposed one of Aristotle's works (translated into Arabic) III. 207 n. 1.

Asuras, “demons,” churn the ocean, II. 42 n. 1.

Asurviváha, a form of marriage among Hindus, II. 72.

Atala-loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12—an infernal region, ibid. n. 8.

Atarid, “Mercury,” Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Atharva-Veda, II. 64.

Athurnan, name of the first class of the people, I. 18. n.

Atilia, a sect, II. 129.

Ativáhika, “surpassing the wind in swiftness,” epithet of the subtile body, II. 178 n. 2.

Atmá, “spirit,” II. 204.

Atmáchand, a Sankhya philosopher, II. 123.

Atma - jnani, Indian philosopher, III. 221.

Atma Ráma, a Yogi, known under the name of Bahet Barvang, author of a mystical work, II. 137.

Atuni, an aged matron and recorder of occurrences to the great princess, I. 170.

Avach hata, “emaciated by abstinence,” II. 241.

Avadhúta, a class of Sanyásis, II. 141.

Avatára, “descent,” II. 17—explanation of it, 28, 29—explanation of Avátars by the author of the Dabistán, 30, 31, 32.

Avayava, “a regular argument or syllogism,” II. 207—consisting of five members, ibid. n. 4.

Aubúdiyet, “devotion,” III. 241 n. 2.

Awen Khan, or Ung-Khan (Prester John), a Christian prince, protector of the fugitive Tamujin, later Jangis-Khan, III. 119 n. 1.

Avidya, one of the five failings, II. 120.

Avisenna (see Abu Ali Sina), his interpretation of Muhammed's ascent to heaven, 177 to 200.

Avivèchana, one of five failings, II. 120 n. 6.

Aureng zeb, son of Shah Jehan— imprisons his father—his brother —is proclaimed emperor—defeats

Darashiko—orders the execution of the latter, III. 285 n. 1.

Awtad, “posts or stakes,” III. 265 n.

Ayaá sahrim, the fourth Gáhambar, I. 347.

Ayám, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Ayin Shakib, grandfather of Ayin Hosh, translator of the Desnad into popular Persian, I. 378.

Ayin Hoshpúyár, a follower of Mazdak's creed, I. 378.

Ayipanthi, a sect, II. 128.

Ayin Shakib, a Mobed, cuts his tongue, I. 186.

Ayin Tush, son of Fartush, kills his father for having mortally wounded a deer, I. 184.

Ayin vojud, “a real being,” III. 270.

Ayu, “science of medicine,” II. 65 n. 1.

Azád áwa, “free voice,” I. 81.

Azadah, a Brahman, eats with Muselmans, II. 114, 116.

Azad Bahman, “first intelligence,” I. 6, 149 n. 1.

Azar, name of an angel and of a month, I. 61, 62 n.—appears in Gushtasp's palace, 257.

Azar Ayin, ancestor of Azar Kaivan, I. 87.

Azarbad, son of Márasfand, I. 238, 304, 305 — his epoch referred to that of Zoroaster, 304 n. 2—confirms Ardai Viraf's account by a miracle, 305 n.

Azar Bahram, ancestor of Azar Kaiván, I. 87.

Azar Bahram, the name of the angel of victory, I. 345, 346, and ibid. n. 1.

Azar Barzin, grandfather of Azar Káivan, I. 87.

Azar bijan, the native country of Zardusht, I. 263.

Azar Hóshangian, a sect of the Persian religion, I. 6, 87.

Azar Hushang, “fire of wisdom,” I. 147.

Azarián, a sect of the Persian religion, I. 6.

Azari-Káus, a fire-temple, I. 52.

Azar Kaivan, author of poems, I. 76, 84, 119 — his lineage, 87, 88 — account of his life and sayings, 89 to 104 — his death, 105 — his twelve illustrious disciples, 119— called by the emperor Akbar; does not attend him, but sends him a wonderful book, III. 96.

Azar Khirad, a Mobed, author of a book in which the Nosks of the Zand-Avesta are enumerated, I. 272.

Azar Khirad, name of a fire-temple, I. 52.

Azar Khurdád, name of a fire-temple, I. 284.

Azar Khurin, ancestor of Azar Kaivan, I. 87.

Azar Mihtar, son of Azar Sásán, ancestor of Azar Kaivan, I. 87.

Azar Nosh, ancestor of Azar Kaiván, I. 87.

Azar Roshni, one of the seven heavens of the Persians, I. 293.

Azár Sásan, the fifth, a prophet, I. 30.

Azar Zertusht, father of Azar Kaivan, I. 87.

Azizi, an author, quoted, I. 82 and n. 1. 89, 96, 101, 154; III. 203.

Aziz Nasfy (Shaikh), III. 252.

Azrail, an angel—his function, II. 337.

Azrawan, guardian angel of the cypress trees—is invoked by Zardusht to protect the cypress planted by the prophet, I. 309.

Azz-eddin Almoka dessi, author of a poem entitled “The Birds and the Flowers,” II. 168 n. 1, 338; III. 250 n.

Bábá Jév, son of Hargovind, II. 281 — why he did not succeed his father, 281, 282.

Bábá Piara, founder of a sect, II. 233, 234.

Bábá Rin Haji (also Goraknath), supposed foster-father of Muhammed, II. 129.

Babeciah, a name of the Ismâilahs, II. 42 n. 1.

Bád, angel presiding over the 22nd day of the month, I. 62 n.—the 22nd day of the month, 270.

Badakshan, country situated to wards the head of the river Oxus, II. 420 n. 1.

Badakshi (Mulla Shah), in Kachmir, II. 115.

Badhata, a disciple of Hargovind, previously a thief, II. 283, 284.

Badih eddin Madar, founder of the sect of Madárins, II. 224 n. 1.

Bagh, the 4th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, vol. I. 272 n.

Baghantast, the 15th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta — its contents, I. 274 n.

Baghdád (town), tomb of Musa, I. 48—its fire-temple, 51.

Bahá-eddin Zakaria (Shiah), III. 29—a short account of him, ibid. n. 1.

Baha ed-doulah, a prince of the Búyi dynasty, II. 173.

Baha ed-doulah, son of Taj ed-doulah, king of Persia, II. 173.

Baharam (planet), Mars, I. 2—description of his form as planet— angel presiding over the 20th day of the month, 62—angel of victory, 345—his character and functions—under what animals represented, 346 n. 1.

Baha uddin Muhammed Amalí, becomes a disciple of Azar Kaiván, I. 140.

Baháv eddin Muhammed (Shaikh), III. 205.

Bah din, “true faith,” I. 232.

Bahidinian, believers of the eternal doctrine, I. 233.

Bahín ferah, “the highest dignity,” a work upon the sanctity of the stars, III. 110.

Bahin neshisten, a particular mode of sitting, II. 104.

Bahman, the name of an angel and of a month, l. 61, 62 n.—gives instructions to Zardusht, 240— appears in Gushtasp's palace, 257.

Bahman, disciple of Kaivan, I. 106 —his fight with Farshid, ibid.

Bahman, son of Isfendiar, I. 52, 87, 185—throws Zal into chains, 192 —revenges the death of his father upon Zal, 193 n. 2 — allegories ascribed to him, 361, 362.

Bahman Yesht Pehlvi, an epitome of the true Bahman Zand, the Apocalypse of the Parsees, I. 264 n. 2, 267 n. 1.

Bahman Yesht Zand, contains an interpretation of the tree of seven branches, seen by Zardusht in heaven, and other predictions, I. 265 n. 1.

Bahram, governor of Khorassan, I. 186.

Bahram-azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Bahram Gur, king of Persia, I. 106 —account of his deeds, ibid. n. 1. 107—one of the seven prophets, 112 n. — happiness of mankind during his reign, 266.

Bahzad, a celebrated painter, I 205.

Bahzad, a Yasanian chieftain, his conduct on a march with the army, I. 161.

Báj, Váj, a rite of the Parsees, I. 296 and n. 318, 319.

Baj-i-hamdastaní, “voluntary contribution,” I. 158.

Báiteriyat, a branch of the Zaydiyat, II. 363 n. 1.

Baitu 'l mâmur, “the house of delightful culture,” in heaven, III. 194.

Baizah, a town in the province of Fars, III. 218 n. 6.

Baizavi, surname of Naśir eddin Abu Said Abdalla Ben Omar, III. 218 n. 6.

Baká, “eternal life,” III. 274.

Bakhta, a place in the east of Kohistan, II. 451.

Bakhshí, “paymaster,” I. 156.

Bakhti, “worship,” II. 176.

Baki Ali (Mirza), quoted, II. 140.

Bakkal, “merchant class,” II. 78.

Bala, “strength,” the killing of animals, II. 153.

Bali, a monarch, sent to hell by Vichnu, II. 22 and n. 1.

Balik Nátha, a great adept in restraining the breath—blesses the author of the Dabistán, II. 137.

Balkh (town), its situation, I. 48— its fire-temple, 52.

Balsúkúma, a Telinga word for a sacred tree, II. 80.

Ban, a class of Sanyássis, II. 139.

Bandí, a Vairagi, chief of the Sikhs, II. 288.

Bang, an inebriating beverage, Muhammed the prophet drank of it, II. 222.

Banin, mother of Miyan Bayezid, III. 28.

Barabrissos, or Barbelissos, a plain on the banks of the Euphrates, III. 60 n.

Barashnom, a sort of purification, I. 325 n. 2.

Baratha, brother of Arjunmal, II. 273.

Barbud, a prophet, I. 112 n. 3.

Bardesanes, quoted, I. 335 n. 2.

Barínían, supreme beings, I. 18.

Barkíarok, son of Malik Shah, II. 437 — called also Kassem and Rokn-eddin—his contest with his step-mother, his half-brother, and two uncles, 438 n. 1.

Bármiânek, a magnificent temple of the Tibitans, II. 291.

Bárnîgárî, “registrar,” I. 156.

Barósu (Ferosu), see Bahman, III. 141.

Baroz, “apparition,” III. 277.

Barsom, a bundle of thirty-five branches of trees, I. 316 n. 319.

Barzakh, “the interval of time between the death and the resurrection of man,” III. 278, 279, 280.

Barzinkaroos, a sage, educates Zardusht, I. 224, 225.

Barzomchin, a knife with an iron handle, I, 320.

Bas, name of the third class of the people, I. 19.

Bastam, a town of Khorassan, III. 229.

Bastami, see Abu Yezid Taifer ben Issa.

Bastan nameh, work quoted, II. 130.

Batardín, “enemies of the faith,” I. 300.

Batenian (The), “interiors,” a class of Ismâilahs, often confounded with them, II. 400 n. 2 — their creed, 401 to 404—means they employ to make converts to their faith, 404 to 407—their interpretation of several religious practices, 408 to 410 — their opinion upon the office of prophet and Imám, 410 to 411.

Báyazid, a disciple of Imám Jafr Sadik, II. 390.

Bayley (William, esq), patron of the editor and supervisor of the Calcutta edition of the Dabistán, his eulogy, III. 317.

Bazm-gah-i durvéshan, “the Durvesh's banquetting — room,” work composed by Ferzanah Khushí, 104, 108, 119.

Beausobre, quoted, I. 206 n. 373.

Bedr, a place of the valley of the same name, near the sea, between Mecca and Medina; there Muhammed's great victory, III. 100.

Bedr al Jemali, Amir Aljíyûsh, commander-in-chief of the Egyptian troops, II. 430.

Beh din, name of a religious sect, I. 212.

Bellamy (John), his English translation of the Hebrew Bible, II. 301, 302, 303.

Belfour (F. C.), quoted, II. 391 n. 3.

Ben Shonah, surname of Mohib eddin Abu 'l Valid Muhammed ben Kamal eddin, al Hanefi, III. 291 n 1, 312 n.

Bentinck (William, lord), governor-general of India, abolishes the sacrifice of the widows, II. 76 n. 1.

Beresht, the 9th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta—its contents, I. 273 n.

Berzasp, a disciple of Tahmúras, III. 169.

Bhadra, “August-September,” II. 21.

Bhadram, “right way of worship,” II. 155.

Bhaga, “female organ,” II. 152.

Bhagavat (purana), quoted, II. 15.

Bhairava, a name of Siva, II. 219 — eight Bhairavas, ibid. n. 3.

Bharatis, a class of the Sanyàsis, II. 146.

Bhartari, a Jnani, II. 101.

Bharthy, a class of Sanyasis, II. 139.

Bhatakpùr, a place in the hilly country of Afghanistan, sepulchre of Bayezid, III. 42.

Bhavan (Shaikh), a Brahman, became a Muselman, III, 89.

Bhruva, eyebrows, a region of the human body, II. 132.

Bhum (Mars), see Marikh, vol. II. 44.

Bhurloka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12—one of the three spheres, 13.

Bhuvanas, worlds, II. 10—fourteen worlds, ibid. n. 1.

Bhuvarloka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — one of three spheres, 13.

Biaraz, equal to one hundred araz, see araz, I. 25.

Bibi Alai, daughter of Jelal-eddin, the chief of the Roshenians, III. 46.

Bida, name of Jengiskhan's tribe, before he raised it to pre-eminence among the Tartars, III. 113.

Bimarástan, “hospital,” I. 165.

Binab, “revelation,” I. 85.

Binandah, “inspector,” I. 179.

Binavali, among the poets known under the name of Wali, II. 114, 115, 116.

Birang, “the empyreal world,” according to the Sipasians, I. 86.

Birber (Rajah), declares the sun to be an object all-comprehensive, III. 93.

Birman, Birmun, the same as Brahman, I. 18.

Bishutan, a brother or a confidential friend of Isfendíar, I. 259 n. — receives hallowed milk from Zardusht, 259.

Bîst Lad, “low foundation,” I. 151.

Bivar-asp, name of Zohak, I. 33 n.

Bó Ali (Abu Ali Avisenna), quoted, II. 46.

Bocharí, surname of Muhammed, son of Ismâil al Jisfi, author of a celebrated collection of traditions concerning Muhammed, III. 53 n. 1, 57, 58.

Bonnet, quoted, III. 240 n. 2.

Bopp (Francis), maintains the genuineness and antiquity of the Zand language, I. 223.

Borahs, a sect residing in Guzerat, followers of Mullah Ali, II. 451 n. 1.

Borak, the animal upon which Muhammed ascended to heaven, II. 339 n. 2; III. 180—is an emblem of reason, 181 — the vehicle of devotion, 246, 248.

Borda, title of an Arabic poem, I. 2 n.

Brahma, Creator of all things, II. 4 —whence he proceeded, 14, 16— how represented, 17—nine Brahmas, 34, 218 — the life of Brahma, 49—his day and night, 50 n.— four-faced, eight-armed, 217.

Brahma chari, II. 63, 125 n. 12.

Brahmanda, a region of the human body, II. 132 n. 5,

Brahmans, the first class of the Hindus, their destination, II. 48 — their functions, 77, 78 — their conduct, 84, 85.

Bráhmarshi, a class of Richis or sages—seven of them named, II. 27 n. 2.

Brahma Sampradayis, a class of the worshippers of Vichnu, II. 179 n. 2.

Brahma uttama, the most excellent Brahma, II. 91.

Briggs (John, general), translator of the Ferishta, quoted, I. 41 n. — of the Siyar-ul Mutakherin, quoted, 289.

Brissonius, quoted, I. 171, 209, 288.

Bud-andoz, “collector-general,” I. 157.

Buddha-avâtar, the ninth Avátar of Vichnu, II. 24 — when it took place, ibid. and n. 1.

Buddhists, called also Jatis (Yatis), II. 211 n. 1.—their belief — many of them traders, ibid.

Búfastal, Buftal, “science of future events,” corresponding to one of the Nosks of the Zand-Avesta, I. 273 and n. ibid.

Buldet-ul ikbal, a name of the fort Alamut, II. 437.

Bun Dehesh, a work composed by a disciple of Zardusht, I. 224 n.— translated from the modern Persian into French, by Anquetil, 225 n.—its contents, 226 n.— translated from the original Zand into Pehlvi—when written, ibid. n.

Burhan, miracles, III. 48.

Burnouf (Eugene), established the genuineness and antiquity of the Zand language, I. 223 — published the lithographed Zand text of the Yasna—revises, comments, and interprets the same, I. 226 n.

Butgadah, “house of idols,” III. 301 n. 1.

Buzurg-abad, for Mahábad, I. 21 n.

Buzerg-Mehr, minister of Nushirvan, I. 104 n. 112 n. 147.

Byasa (Vyasa) visits Iran, addresses Zardusht, hears a chapter of the Zand-Avesta, and, converted, returns to India, I. 280, 283.

Cahen, his French translation of the Hebrew Bible, II. 301, 302, 303.

Callisthenes, I. 279 n.

Canun fil thabi, title of a work composed by Avisenna. II. 173 n. 3.

Carpentarius (Jacobus), Claramontanus Bellovacus, III. 208.

Cedrenus, quoted, I. 215 n. 1.

Chadah, a tribe of Kchatriyas, II. 112.

Chahnal, Ch'halana Avatar, III. 213 n. 1.

Chaitra, March-April, II. 18.

Chakra, the summary of the four ages of the Hindus, stated, II. 48.

Chakra, disk, weapon of Vichnu, II. 17—what it means, 32.

Chanda, on prosody and verse, II 65 n. 1.

Chandra bakta, “worshippers of the moon,” II. 242.

Changragatcha-nameh, a Persian poem, I. 213 n. 224 n.

Chanyud Pul, or Chinawad Pul, “bridge of judgment,” I. 285 and n. 2.

Chardin (Chevalier), traveller in the East, I. 225 n.

Charvak, a Sceptic philosopher, II. 197, 198 n. 4 — his creed, 198, 202.

Châtayi Khan, son of Jangis Khan, III. 115—dashes his horse against his brother, the Khalif—obtains

his pardon, 116 — the countries inherited from his father, enumerated, ibid. n.

Chatra, umbrella, I. 18.

Chatramán, Chatri, the same as Kchatriyas, the second class of the people, I. 18.

Chatur Vapah, a Dandahar-Sanyasi (see these words), highly abstemious, II. 142 — an adventure concerning him, 143, 144, 145— blesses the author of the Dabistán, ibid.—his death, 146.

Chauki Navîs, “register-keeper,” I. 156.

Chehar Kúb, “four blows,” a mode of invoking God, I. 77.

Chet harten, “a chapel,” a temple among the Tibetans, II. 290, 291.

Chetnuph (Agatho demon), III. 106.

Ch'hala, “misconstruction,” II. 209 —of three sorts, ibid. n. 2.

Chid, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 274.

Chinon (Gabriel de), traveller in the East, I. 225 n.

Chiran jivah, “long-lived,” surname of Parasu-Rama, II. 23.

Chistápá, the wife of Baharam Gul, a beauty of her times, tries the sanctity of Muselmans and Hindus, II. 226.

Chivarina, a Brahman of Kachmir, burns himself, II. 103, 104.

Choharas, low class of men, II. 245, 246.

Chúda Karana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 56 n. 3.

Cicacole, town of India, in the Northern Circars, I. 46.

Cicero, quoted, I. 340 n. 1.

Clement (St.), of Alexandria, is not unacquainted with Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.—quoted, 277 n. 1—304 n. 1.

Clitarchus, author, quoted, I. 17 n.

Colebrooke (Thomas), quoted, II. 4, 10, 37, 65, 93, 119, 120, 122, 177, 198, 210, 451 n. 1; III. 1 n. 1. 43.

Ctesias, quoted, I. 33 n.

Daâi, missionary, particular dignity among the Ismâilahs, II. 432 n. 2.

Dabati, the Caspian sea, in Parsi works, I. 231.

Dadistan, hall of justice, I. 43.

Dadistan Aursah, or Davershah, Daversah, or Sah daver, work quoted, I. 131.

Dadram, a Persian festival, I. 63.

Dád-Shikar, “equity-hunt,” I. 185.

Dad-sitaní, “lawyer,” I. 160, 168.

Dadu Panthians, a sect, II. 233.

Dadu, Durvish, and founder of a sect—an account of him, II. 233.

Dai, name of an angel and a month, I. 61, 62 n.

Daibader, angel presiding over the 8th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Daibadin, angel presiding over the 23rd day of the month, I. 62 n.

Dabamiher, angel presiding over the 15th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Dair-namah, a work of Fakher, III. 298.

Daityas, “demons,” churn the oceans, II. 42 n. 1.

Daldal, name given by the Ulviahs to the fourth heaven, II. 468— signifies also Muhammed's mule and Ali's horse, ibid. n. 1.

Dalmah, “cultivator,” II. 78.

Dama bhavani, name of a spring, II. 167 n. 2.

Daman-i-bad, “sound of the wind,” II. 134.

Damudar Dás Kaul, a learned Brahman of Kachmir, holds Akas to signify space, II. 40.

Dana phal, a rite of the Hindus, II. 58 n. 3.

Dandahari, a class of Sanyásis, II. 140.

Dandorat, “prostration,” II. 101.

Danish nameh Káteb Shahi, work quoted, II. 372.

Darab the Great, king of Persia, son of Bahman, I. 87.

Darab the Less, king, son of Darab the Great, I. p. 87.

Dara-i-Gunah, name of an angel, I. 7.

Daran Sarún, king and magician, attempts to destroy the child Zardusht, I. 219—invited to a feast by Zardusht's father, 228.

Dara Shiko, son of Shah Jehan, defends his father—defeated by Aurengzeb, his brother—delivered up to the latter—executed, III. 285 n. 1, 294.

Dartha, sacrificial grass, II. 57 n. 1, 2, 80.

Darji, “demon,” I. 324.

Darkúbín, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Darun, an office celebrated particularly for the sake of a king, I. 258 and n. — also a little cake, ibid.

Darun fusesté, “offered bread,” I. 315.

Darun miezd, “religious rites,” I. 315, explained, ibid. n. 1, 316.

Darun Yeshté, a Parsi office, also banquet, I. 333, and n.

Darwands, enemies to good, I. 301 and n.

Dastan, surname of Zal, I. 191,

Daláteri, the chief of a class of Sanyásis, II. 139—his adventure with Goraknath, 140.

Davárah, a chief of the Sikhs—his dispute with Pertab-mal, II. 112.

Davaserujed, the 18th Nosk of the Zand-Avesta — its contents, I. 274 n.

Danda (David), II. 298.

Daud Isfahaní, the chief of a Muhammedan sect, II. 329 n. 332.

Dáud Kaiséri (Shaikh), III. 232 n. 1.

Daulet Khan Kaksal, quoted, II. 281.

Daulet Khan Lodi, II. 247—a short account of him, ibid. n. 2.

Dawir Haryar, author of Dara-i-Sekander — a speech of his quoted, I. 34, 360.

Dayab, the north-west region, II. 35.

Dáyu, a Vairági—a legend of him, II. 192.

Deh Ak, a name of Zohak, I. 74.

Derick Desatir, “the little Desatir,” I. 65 n. 1.

Desatir, “heaven-sent book,” I. 20, 44, 66, 123.

Desnad, the volume which contains the doctrine of Mazdak, I. 375, 378.

Destánír, for Desatir, I. 20 n.

Deva, a free-minded Brahman, II. 279, 280.

Déva archaka, worshipper of an idol, II. 102.

Deva Kanya, “daughters of the gods,” name given to public women, II. 154.

Dhaids, one of the lowest classes of men, II. 245.

Dhanam, “meditation,” II. 125, 127.

Dhanu, “military tactics,” II. 65 n. 1.

Dharanam, “fortitude,” II. 125 n. 6, 126.

Dharma sastra, civil and canon laws, II. 66 n

Dhritarashtra, son of Vyása, II. 68.

Dihyat ol kalbi, “the ape-dog,” form in which the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammed, II. 453 n.

Din, angel presiding over the 24th day of the month, I. 62 n.

Dinbahi, “true faith,” I. 231, 232.

Diodorus Siculus, quoted, I. 33 n. 1.

Diogenes Laertius, quoted, I. 209.

Dion Chrysostomus mentions Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.

Disa, quarters of the world, eight, II. 219 — their names, ibid.

Div, demon, I. 180.

Dóazdah Hamast, the fifth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 273 n.

Doghduyah, mother of Zardusht, I. 215 — her dream in the sixth month of her pregnancy, ibid. 216—interpretation of the dream, 217, 218.

Do giti, “two worlds,” the great volume of God, I, 65 n. 1.

Donatus (Aelius), I. 171.

Dortous de Mairan, II. 305.

Dosha, “error,” subdivided into three parts, II. 205.

Dostur, “prime-minister,” to whose department the public revenue is attached, I. 155.

Dostur, “superintendent,” I. 18 n.

Draupadí, daughter of Drúpada, II. 68.

Drishtanta, “comparison,” II. 207.

Drupada, Raja of Panchala, II. 68.

Druses, a sect of the Ismáilahs, disciples of Hamza, son of Ali, II. 421 n. 1.

Dubois (abbé), quoted, II. 37 n. 1, 73 n. 1.

Dukh, “pain,” II. 205.

Duníahs, a particular sect, III. 25.

Dup Néreng, “prayer,” I. 283 n.

Durds, a sect in the mountains of Kachmir — brothers have but one wife, II. 244, 245; III. 304 n. 1.

Durgá, a name of the wife of Siva, demands the sacrifice of a man from a villager, II. 162 — from Vichnu-nath Deo, and his son, ibid.—how represented, 163 - the human sacrifice continued to the time of the author of the Dabistán, ibid. — eight Durgás, and their names, 220.

Dvésha, hatred, II. 120, 205,

Dwapar-yug, the third age of the Hindus, its duration, II. 24, 47.

Dwaraka, town of India, account of it, I. 53 and n. 1.

Dyani, “contemplator,” II. 240.

Eichhorn, quoted, II. 300.

Elmacin (George), author of a History of the Saracens, quoted, III. 8 n. 1, 55 nn. 1 and 2.

Enka (also called Simurgh), “the foundation of material substance,” III. 237 — divinity, 249—a fabulous bird, ibid. n. 1 —an allegory connected with it, ibid. n. 1.

Eristratus, grandson of Aristotle, compared to Avisenna, II. 171 n. 1.

Erpenius (Thomas), translator into Latin of Elmacin's History of the Saracens, quoted, II. 358 n. 1; III. 8 n. 1.

Erskine (William), translated the Memoirs of Zehir-eddin Muhammed Baber, quoted, II. 247 n.

Esculapius (Iskalapius), disciple of Hermes, III. 106 n.—called Apu, 111 n. 2 — confounded with the sun, 112 — with Serapis, ibid. n. 1.

Esha âad avizmidi, a form of prayer, I. 318, 319.

Eshem, the demon of envy, wrath, and violence, vanquished by Káiomers, I. 268 n. 1.

Espintaman, the third ancestor of Zardusht, I. 215 n.—signifies excellent, ibid. — name of Zardusht's father, I. 233.

Eva, the mystical meaning of the name, III. 146.

Eudemos, disciple of Aristotle, quoted upon the opinion of the Magi concerning space, II. 41 n.

Eudokia (the empress), attributes to Zoroaster several books, I. 224 n.

Eudoxus, quoted, I. 212 n.

Eusebius, testifies that, in the fourth century after J. C., there existed sacred works concerning the theology and religion of the Persians, I. 224 n.

Fabricius, quoted, III. 106 n. 208 n.

Fakher eddin Muhammed Tafresi (Mir), III. 297, 298, 299.

Falek atlas, “the crystalline sphere,” arrival at it, III. 248.

Falek sabitah, “the heaven of the fixed stars,” arrival at it, III. 247.

Faná, “annihilation,” III. 268, 274.

Farab, a town situated on the occidental confines of Turkestan, III. 170 n. 1.

Farabí, surname of a great philosopher, III. 170 n. 1, 302.

Faramand, disciple of Fariraj, his opinion, I. 196.

Faramandiyah, a subdivision of the Samradian sect, I. 196

Fard, a measure of time, I. 14.

Fardát, “inspiration,” I. 11.

Farhád, son of Alad, I. 180.

Farhád, a follower of Mazdak's creed, I. 378.

Farhang, “judge,” I. 166.

Farhang-dár, “judge,” I. 160.

Farhang Dostúr, one of the compilers of the testament of Jemshid, I. 195—a travelling merchant of the Yekanah binan sect, ibid.

Farhang Kesh, “excellent faith,” the system of Hushang, I. 145.

Farid eddin (Shaikh), quoted, I. 66.

Faridun, king and prophet, I. 30— son of Abtin, 88 — kindles the holy fire—his epoch and duration of his reign, 50 and n.—suspends by his prayer a rock in the air, 51 — enjoins the slaughter of noxious animals, 74.

Far-i-Izad, “the splendor of God,” name of the angel guardian of Zardusht, I. 221.

Fariraj, son of Farshid, a sectary of the Samradian faith, his opinion, I. 196.

Farírajíyah, a subdivision of the Samradian sect, I. 196.

Farishta Manish, “angel-hearted,” I. 180.

Farjud, “miraculous power,” I. 72.

Farmah, a month of a Farsál (see Farsal), I. 27.

Farnishin, a particular position in praying, I. 78.

Farógh pirai, name of a fire-temple in Najf, I. 51.

Farroz, a day of a Farmáh (see Farmah), I. 27.

Farsál, the revolution of a planet, I. 26, 27.

Farshid, son of Fartosh, a sectary, I. 196 — his opinion, ibid.

Farshidiyahs, a subdivision of the Samradian sect, I. 196.

Fartáb, “revelation,” I. 11.

Fartosh, a sectary of the Samradians, I. 195—his doctrine, ibid.

Fartoshian, a subdivision of the Samradian sect, I. 196.

Fartúsh, a merchant of the Khodayi sect, I. 201.

Faruk, “separator,” surname of the Khalif Omar, I. 98, 99 n.— name of the Koran—two Faruks, III. 4—a passage of the second, 5.

Farúmad, or Farúyad, or Ferdid, a town in the country of Tus, where Zardusht planted a cypress, I. 307 n.

Farun Faro Vakhshur, name given to the conservative angel of mankind, I. 149.

Farzanah Bahram (doctor), son of Farhad, author of the Sharistan-i danish wa gulistan-i Binish —a precept of his quoted, I. 77—his account of Azar Kaiván, 88, 93— Ferzanah's descent, life—attainments, with the aid of his master, Kaiván — anecdote concerning both, 109—his death, 110 quoted in the life of Zardusht, 245.

Farzanah Bahram the Less, son of Farhad, author of Arzhang Máni, I. 121 — his death, 122—he translated into Persian the works of Shaikh Ishrak Shuhab udden Maktul, 122-his austerity, 122, 123.

Farzanah Farshid wird, a disciple of Kaiván, his lineage, I. 105— description of a fight between him and Bahman, 106—his death, ibid.

Farzanah Kharrad, disciple of Kaiván, his origin, I. 103—an anecdote of him, 104—his death, 105.

Farzanah Khiradmand, disciple of Kaiván, his descent, fight with Rustam, I. 106, 107.

Farzanah Khushi (Mobed), author of Bazm gah-i Durvehan, I. 104, 119—a quotation from this work, 120, 121.

Farwardin, name of an angel and a month, 60 and n. 1, 61.

Fasakh, “fracture,” III. 150.

Fas hawdi, work of Shaikh Mohí eddin, III. 234.

Fatimah, daughter of Mu hammed, wife of Ali, II. 398 n. 1; III. 51— her inheritance disputed to her— the gate of her house burnt - she never spoke to the enemies of her husband, 52 n. 1, 53 n.

Fatimite (Khalifs), descendants of Ismâil, II. 398 n. — of Ali and Fatima, the daughter of the prophet, 401 n.—the termination of their dominion, 450 n.

Fatúhát, “victories,” III. 281.

Favaid Madaniy, “Useful Notes by a Citizen of Medina,” work quoted, II. 272, 381, 382.

Favaimasihan, “science of future events,” contained in the sixth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 273 and n.

Favardigan, “five supplementary days of the year,” I. 312— their names, 62, 326, 327.

Favátah, “Prolegomena,” title of a work of Maibedí, III. 226, 237.

Fayz, “emanation,” and other significations, III. 230 n. 2.

Fedak, a castle near the town of Khaibar—an inheritance of Fatima, III. 51 n. 2 — taken from and restored to the family of Ali, 52 n.

Fedayi, name of the devoted followers of Hassan Sabah, and the doctrine of the Ismâilahs, II. 435 n. 2.

Ferdid, see Feruyad.

Ferehengiram, name of Venus, I. 38 n.

Ferhad, celebrated architect, I. 112.

Ferhengí Shuuri, quoted, III. 267 n. 1.

Ferhósh, an ancient Persian king, chose seven poets, each of whom, on one day of the week, recited his verses to the king, III. 107.

Ferid eddin Attlar, a work of his quoted, III. 96 n. 1, 249 n. 1.

Ferishta (History of), I. 41 n. 1.

Ferk, “division,” III. 295 n. 1.

Fersendaj, faith of Máhábad, I. 21 n. 1.

Ferzábad, another name of Máhábad, I. 21 n.

Ferz Desátir, or “the Great Desátir,” I. 65 n. 1.

Ferz-zemiar, “great prayer,” I. 79.

Feśus ul hikem, “the bezels of philosophers,” a work of Mohi eddin Ibn Arabi, III. 91.

Fikah, “jurisprudence,” II 375 n. 1.

Firrah Kári, disciple of Shidosh, how he was revenged on the peasantry of Achan, who had offended him, I. 115, 126.

Foucaud, professor of Tibetan, II. 292.

Foucher (abbé), a learned French author, his opinion about the Zand books, I. 225 n. — quoted, 278 n. 373.

Fortia d'Urban (marquis), II. 305, 306.

Frank, his French translation of the Hebrew Bible quoted, II. 301, 302, 303.

Fransâi (Padri), II. 305.

Gada Naráyana, master of a sect, II. 229.

Gahambara, “six periods of creation,” 1.312—six festivals, 346— origin of it, and description of the creation, 348, 349, 350.

Gah Havan, “sunrise,” I. 316 n.

Gah-i-zarin, “golden place in heaven,” I. 288.

Gáh-numás, “astrologer,” I. 169.

Gandharva, “science of music,” II. 65 n. 1.

Gandhara-viváhah, a form of marriage among Hindus, II. 72.

Ganésa man, appointed tutor of the author of the Dabistán, II. 145.

Gangavara, place of pilgrimage, in Kachmir, II. 166.

Gangu, a boy ten years old, initiated in idealism, II. 105.

Garbha ádána karma, a rite of the Hindús, II. 54 and n. 2.

Garcin de Tassy, quoted in the notes of vol. I. pp. 1, 2, 3; II. 115, 168, 224, 342, 368; III. 29 n. 235 n. 259 n. 1, 286 n.

Gautama, husband of Ahalya, II. 68.

Gáya, Giya, town in India, a place of pilgrimage, I. 53 and n. about it.

Gaya mereta, or Gayo mard, the primitive man, I. 355 n.

Gayatri, “sacred prayer,” II. 61 n. 1.

Ghaib al ghaiyub, “the mysterious hidden,” III. 248, 267, 268 n. 1.

Ghaib imkani, “the possible disappearance,” III. 278.

Ghâibet kaberi, “the great absence,” II. 377.

Gházi khan Badakshí, a great logician, III. 97.

Ghaib maháli, “the illusive disappearance,” III. 278.

Ghâibet sârí, “the minor absence,” II. 377.

Ghasal, “ablution,” II. 59, 60, 61 — how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, 408; III. 259.

Ghalálí Abu Hamed Muhammed Ebn Muhammed Ghazálí, surnamed Hajjet ul islam Zain eddin al Tusi, II. 349 — a short account of him and his works, ibid. n. 2.

Gilshah, assumes the government in obedience to Heaven, I. 29.

Gird-koh, a fort, taken by the Ismâilahs, II. 439—taken by Holágu, 450 n.

Gita govinda, poem composed by Jayadiva, II. 180 n. 1.

Giti kharid, “a pious gift,” I. 289 and n. 2.

Gladwin, quoted, I. 9 n. 14.

Glaire (Monsieur), his French translation of the Hebrew Bible, II. 301, 302, 303.

Gnostics (The), make great use of Oriental cosmogony and psychology, as derived from Zoroaster, I. 224 n.

Gódána, “gift of a cow,” II. 57 n. 4.

Gokhastah (Ahriman), I. 345.

Gómedha, “sacrifice of a cow,” II. 83.

Gopinath (Raí), author quoted, I. 54.

Goraknáth, name of the divinity—a saint—adopted by a class of Yogis, II. 128 n. 1. 129.

Goya Kasem, author of an account of Sectaries, II. 230.

Goyastah, Gojestah, Gosakhtah, the evil spirit, I. 337.

Grihasthà, “married men,” II. 213, 241.

Gul shen-raz, “The Mystery of the Rose-Bower,” II. 102; III. 142, 228 n. 233.

Guna, “property,” II. 14 n. 1.

Gundwar, a particular sect, II. 241 —kill strangers, 242.

Gurgín, a Persian chieftain, whose dignity remained more than a thousand years in his family, I. 163.

Guru Govind, son of Tégh Bahader, founder of the national greatness of the Sikhs, author of the Dasama Padshah grantha, “The Book of the Tenth King,” II. 288 n. 1.

Guru-mata, great council of the Sikhs, II. 288 n. 1.

Guruva gurinah, Brahmans of Kachmir, II. 103.

Gusbaspian, a sect, I. 278 n.

Gushtasp, son of Lohrasp, I. 88— receives Zardusht, 245 and n. 2 hears his doctrine, 246, 247, 248 — demands a proof of the truth of the Zand-Avesta, and a miracle, 249—doubts of it, 250 —displeased with Zardusht, 251 —throws away the Zand-Avesta, and imprisons the prophet, 252— finds his charger palsied, ibid.— calls Zardusht, and accepts the conditions for the cure of the horse, 253—punishes the enemies of the prophet, 254, 255 — requests the grant of four wishes, 256 — sees four angels, and falls senseless from his throne, 257, 258—on the tasting of hallowed wine, ascends to heaven, 259 — establishes fire-worship in his kingdom, 260—calls Jangrangháchah to Iran, 276 — is said to have travelled in India, ibid. n. 2.—relates and explains a parable of Zardusht, 368, 369.

Gwalior, a fort in the province of Agra, II. 274.

Habib Ajemi, III. 229 n. 1.

Habs-i-dam, imprisonment of the breath, I. 111.

Hadis hasen, “an elegant tradition,” II. 386.

Hadis músik, “a strong tradition,” II. 386.

Hadis sahih, “an authentic tradition,” II. 386.

Hadis sâif, “a weak tradition,” II. 387.

Hadokt, a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 271, 275.

Hafiz of Shiraz, a poet, quoted, I. 81, 89, 106, 111, 113, 119, 121, 125, 127, 129, 143; II. 144, 216, 296; III. 25, 26.

Haft-aureng, “seven thrones,” III. 267 n. 1.

Haft khan amèkhi, seven places of union, II. 131.

Haft-sur, seven ramparts in Istakhar, I. 48.

Haj, III. 258.

Hajab, “veil,” III. 273 n. 1.

Hajer ul ásvad, “the black stone of Mecca,” III. 168.

Hajet ul hak, surname of Avisenna, II. 168.

Haji Khalfa, quoted, III. 218 n. 2.

Hak al yakín, “the truth of conviction,” title of a work, III. 225.

Hakem beamr allah, a Fatimite Khalif, adored as a God by the Druses, II. 421 n. 1.

Hakem ben Hasham, an imposter, and rebel against the ruling Khalif, III. 3 n. 1.

Hakikat, “truth, reality,” III. 29, 36.

Hakiket al hakáyek, “reality of realities,” III. 222.

Hakim dostur, a learned contemporary of Mohsan Fani, III. 205— his creed, 210, 211.

Hal, “state,” its meaning in the terminology of the Sufis, III. 242 n. 2.

Halál, “the new moon,” III. 261.

Hálnámeh, a work of Báyezid, III. 27, 28 — extracts from this work, 34, 38.

Hambalîah, a Muhammedan sect, II. 355.

Hamdan, town in Persia, II. 172.

Hamestan, one of the seven heavens, explanation of them, I. 293 n.

Hamid eddin Nagóri, author of a Commentary upon love, III. 241.

Hamilton, Charles, III. 88 n. 1.

Hamiyál, bad deeds, I. 328.

Hammer (baron), quoted, I. 82 n. 205 n. 3; II, 300, 323, 350 363 n. 1, 405 n. 1, 423, 442 n. 2, 456; III. 97 n. 1, 123 n. 4, 177 n. 1, 212 n. 1, 221 n. 1, 232 n. 1, 241 n. 1.

Hamshpata mihdim, the sixth Gáhambar, I. 347, ibid. n. 1.

Hamza, uncle of Muhammed, the prophet, killed in battle, III. 11 n. 1.

Hanbal Ahmed Ebn Hanbal, the head of a Muhammedan sect, II. 328, 329, 332.

Hanifa, or Abu Hanifa al Noman Ebn Thabet, founder of a Muhammedan sect, the Hanefites—his sepulchre, I. 51; II. 329 n.; accused to have been attached to have been attached to Magism, III. 63.

Hanifiáh, name of a Muhammedan sect, II. 355.

Hansa-mantra, a particular prayer, II. 134 n.

Hansa radja, a Brahman, II. 184.

Hanuman, a deity, II. 219.

Hanuman, chief of savage tribes, called monkeys, ally of Rama, II. 23 n. 3.

Hara, a mount near Mecca, appeared interposing between the two sections of the moon, miraculously cloven by Muhammed, III. 68 n. 1.

Hara Ráma puri, a Sanyási and Jnání, his speech, conduct, death, II. 108, 109.

Haratirth, a holy place of Kachmir, II. 166.

Hâr-azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Harbanists, Harnanites, a sect of Sabæans, III. 311 n.

Harbayántis, a sect of Vaichnavas, II, 181.

Hardwar, a place in the province Delhi, holy place of the Hindus, II. 197 n. 1.

Harem, “royal apartment,” I. 25.

Hargovind, son of Arjunmal, II.

248 — a warlike Guru — why he wore two swords in his girdle, 273 n. 4—imprisoned by Jehangir during twelve years, 274 — serves Shah Jehan — acts in the Panjab—wars with Shah Jehan's troops, 275—retires to the mountainous country of Raja Tarachand, 276—spreads far his religion, 276 — his creed, 277—a parable of his, 277, 279—date of his death, 280.

Harjayi, or Harrayi, a Guru of the Sikhs, II. 273—son of Bábá Jóv, and grandson of Har-govind, 281, 282 — the seventh Guru of the Sikhs—friend of the author of the Dabistán, 282.

Haridas (Gosain), founder of a sect, II. 232, 233.

Har Krishna, successor to the Guru Harrayi of the Sikhs, II. 288 n. 1.

Harun (Aaron), II. 298.

Harun, a Jew, convert and disciple of Farzanah Bahram, I 136, 137.

Haryali, a Dakhani word for the Sanscrit Durva grass, II. 80.

Hasan, son of Ali, the last of the legitimate khalifs, II. n. 1.

Hash-o bash, “presence and absence” at court, I. 161.

Hashaviyat Ashâriah, a class of Muhammedans, II. 334.

Hashtanagar, “eight townships” in Afghanistan, III. 41.

Hashú, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 274.

Hassan al Basrí, a short account of him, II. 389 and n. 1; III. 18 n. 2.

Hassen ben Hassáin ben Ali ben Abiakil, eminent in scholastic theology, II. 378.

Hassan, son of Sábáh, a deputy of the Imám, author of a book—abstract of it, II. 411, 417—his lineage, 423, 424 n. 1 — comes to Nishapur, 426—his favor and disgrace at court, 427, 429—his travels, 429—goes to Egypt, 430 — favor and disgrace there—goes to Syria, 430, 431—travels, spreads his doctrine, gains the fort Alamut, 432, 433 — purchases it, 434 — acquires Rudbar and Kohistan, 435 — his conduct and domination, ibid. n. 2. — orders the death of two of his sons, appoints his successor, 441—date of his death, 436, 442.

Hassan Fakráni, a minister of Kia buzerg Umid, II. 441.

Hassan Mázinderáni, killed Alá-eddin, ruler of the Almutians, II. 447.

Haválet, “giving in charge,” a term of the Ismâilahs, II. 406.

Haváyi mânavi, “the true soul,” III. 142.

Hazaj, Arabian metre, I. 1, 2.

Hazarahs, a tribe distinct from the Afghans and Moghuls, III. 43 — a short account of them, ibid. n. 1.

Hazeret ghaib musaf, “the presence of the relative mystery,” III. 238.

Hazeret jamáh, “the presence of the vest,” III. 239.

Hazeret muśaf ghaib, “the presence of the mysterious relation,” III. 238.

Hazeret shahádet mutlak, “the presence of the absolute evidence,” III. 238.

Hedáyah al hikmet, “the Guide to Science,” III. 217.

Hedaya fil foru, “the Guide in the Branches of the Law,” quoted, III. 88.

Herámes (Idris, Enoch), establishes fumigations and wine sacrifices, II. 160.

Herbelot, author of the “Bibliothèque orientale,” quoted, I. 49, 57, 101, 112, 130, 138, 144, 145, 212, 222, 308; II. 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 323, 325, 330, 361, 383, 419 n. 2, 429; III. 12 n 2, 15 n. 27 n. 79, 123 n. 1, 158 n. 1, 171, 217 n. 1, 241 n. 1.

Heresfetmád, name of Zoroaster's father, according to the Desátir, I. 215 n. 280 n.

Hermes al Hermes, III. 105 — his epoch, several Hermes, 106 n. 1.

Hermippus, treats expressly of Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.

Hermodoros, a Platonic philosopher, quoted, I. 212 n.

Hernán, the founder of a sect, branch of the Sabeans, III. 105 n.

Hernánites, or Herranites, a sect, III. 105 n.

Hero, son of Armenius, compared to Arda-Viraf, I. 304 n. 1.

Herodotus, quoted, I. 17, 171, 209, 340; II. 37; III. 111.

Hertushad, name for Zardusht, in the Desátir, I. 280 n.

Hétu, “cause, reason,” II. 208.

Hètwabhasa, “fallacious argument,” 209 n. 1.

Hikmet al âin, “the science of what is essential,” III. 218.

Hirbed, ascetic, learned man, I. 17, 18—minister for the purpose of adoration, 241.

Hirbed Sar, the pure high-priest, I. 147.

Hirbed, a descendant from Zardusht, and learned contemporary of Mohsan Fani, III. 204.

Hitcherasp, an ancestor of Zardusht, I. 215 n.

Hokh shéthrôtemâé, a short prayer, I. 334—variations of the name, ibid. n. 1.

Holágu Khan, son of Tuli Khan, becomes master of the person of Rukn-eddin, and of the fort Maimun-diz, II. 449 n.—takes more than forty castles of the Ismâilahs —completes the conquest of this sect, 450 n. — marches towards Baghdad — takes the town and the khalif, whom he puts to a cruel death, ibid.

Hom, a tree, its juice employed in sacrifices, I. 315 n. 1.

Hom, the first apostle of the law, I. 355 n.

Homa, burnt offering, II. 55, 62— when to be performed by a Brahman, 77, 78, 81, 82, 101, 199.

Honover, “pure desire,” II. 26 n. 1.

Hormuz-azar, “a fire-temple,” I. 47.

Hormuzd, a person of the Radian sect, I. 203.

Hormuzd (Jupiter), description of his form, I. 36, 37 — angel presiding over the first day of every month, 62 n.

Hoshidar, father of Bahram, entitled Hamawand, and, by the nation, Shapur, I. 270.

Hóshwázhen, “a trance,” I. 85.

Hoshyar (Mobed), author of the Sarud-i-Mastan, “the Songs of the intoxicated,” his descent— becomes a disciple of Kaiván, I. 110—his mode of devotion — manners, 111, 113—his death, 112.

Hosain, Husain (Imám), son of Ali, where killed, I. 47 — account of his death, II. 359 n. 1.

Hossáin, a son of Hassan Sabah, put to death by order of his father, II. 441.

Hossain Fáni, a chief of the Ismâilahs, defends Mumin-abad, II 437.

Hossâin Fáni, the daâi of Kohistan, put to death by a son of Hassan Sabah, II. 441.

Hossain Mansúr Hallaj, a disciple of Joneid, III. 291 n. 1.

Hossain, son of Máyin eddin Maibedi, III. 217 n. 2, 226.

Hossein (Shaikh), of Khorassan, contemporary of Mahmud Shebisterí, III. 237 n. 3.

Hostanes Archimagus, makes first known in Europe the Persian religion and philosophy, I. 223 n.

Hotukhshan, name of the fourth class of the people, I. 19 n.

Hrid, “heart,” one of the six regions of the human body, II. 150.

Hudah, son of Jái Alad, I. 177.

Huo, the niece of Jamasp, third wife of Zoroaster, I. 281 n.

Hur, Huri, “celestial virgin,” III. 159, 162.

Huristar, name of the first class of the people, I. 18.

Hushang, king and prophet, I. 30, 31—son of Siamuk. 88.

Hushiar (Mobed), carries in his arms the author of the Dabistán, in his infancy to be blessed by Chatur Vapah, II. 145.

Hushián, a sect of the Persian religion, I. 6.

Húshídar, a descendant from Zardusht, I. 232.

Hushídarmah, a descendant from Zardusht, I. 232.

Hushiar Refik Nikarindah, a person of the tribe of Maksud chep, II. 361.

Hushyar (Mobed), his works, quoted, I. 72.

Húvíyat, “essence,” III. 222.

Huz ul Hayat, a Persian work, of Ambaret Kant, containing the sayings of Goraknath, II. 137.

Hyde (Thomas), quoted, I. 17 n. 60, 70, 95, 112, 145, 206, 210, 215, 219, 222, 224, 245, 246, 255, 263, 275, 283, 284, 296, 297, 305, 306, 314, 324, 326, 331, 337.

Jâafriyah, a town in Arabian frak, I. 307 and n. 3.

Jabel al âamli, a celebrated theologian, II. 381.

Jabr, Shemseddin, III. 234 n.

Jaber, Jaberiah, a Muhammedan sect, II. 350 n. 2, 352 n. 1.

Jabilka, a fabulous town, III. 279.

Jábilsa, a fabulous town, III. 279.

Jabrîl, an angel, his functions, II. 337—emanated from the tenth power of intelligencc, III. 145— similar to human nature, ibid. — cleaves the breast of Muhammed, and washes his heart, 177 n. 2 — his form described, 178, 179—directs Muhammed on his way to heaven, 182, 283—conducts him to his own celestial mansion, 190 — to the heavenly tabernacle, 194 — remains behind the prophet, 195 n. — he is the highest secretary and first intelligence, 236—brings happy news to Muhammed, 240 — figures as the science of divinity, 246 — the image of wisdom, 251.

Jacob, son of Joseph (Rabbi), translator of the five books of Moses from Arabic into Persian, II. 300.

Jád, a measure of time, I. 14.

Jádar, superintendant of police, I. 169.

Jadongois, solicitor of money from the wealthy, I. 292, 320.

Jadú, a Fakir, disciple of Sath rah, II. 110 — his free conduct—death, 110, 111, 112.

Jâfr Mosuddek, son of Muhammed meetum, “the expected,” II. 399 n. 1.

Jâfr sadik, the sixth Imám, II. 390 —son of Muhammed Baker—his birth and death, ibid. n. 1.

Jaganath, a boy, eight years old, who ridiculed idolatry, II. 105, 106.

Jágar prarȧg, a sect, II. 128.

Jagaravasťha, “state of being awake,” II. 92.

Jagat ambá, mother of the universe, name of Máyá, II. 150.

Jagganath, town with a holy temple, II. 70.

Jaghir, allotment made by the state to an individual, I. 176.

Jagrat, “awaking,” I. p. 85.

Jahad, “holy war upon unbelievers,” III. 262.

Jahandas, a Sikh, pretender to the dignity of a Guru, anecdote of him, II. 282, 283.

Jahan Navard, an individual of the Paikarian sect, I. 204.

Jahmi Ebn Sefwan, head of a sect, II. 352 n. 2.

Jai Afram, son of Abád, called to the throne, I. 23 — assumes the government and restores the institutes of his father, 24, 88.

Jai Alad, son of Jai Afram, the last monarch of the Jai dynasty, I. 24, 88.

Jala bhakta, “worshippers of water,” II. 243.

Jalpa, “debate,” II. 208 n. 4.

Jamáât, “assembly,” II. 324 n. 2.

Jamáâtí, a Muhammedan sect, II. 326.

Jamah, “union,” III. 222, 295 n. 1.

Jamál Gili, a learned man in Kazvin, and secret Ismâilah, protected by Ala-eddin, II. 447.

Jamana, “eructation,” II. 133 n. 1.

Jamasp, brother, or minister, of Gusht-asp, prophet, supposed author of a Persian work, translated into Arabic, I. 112 and n. 3 — receives hallowed milk from Zardusht, 259 — Jamasp's words quoted, 358, 359, 360, 361.

Jamblicus, his life of Pythagoras, quoted, I. 277 n. 1.

Jamen, servant of Madar, killed, devoured, restored to life, II. 224, 225 — a saint of that name, proves his virtue, 226.

Jami (Maulavi), the surname of Abdal Rahmen, quoted, I. 83; III. 173 n. 2.

Jam i-Kái Khusro, work of Azar Kaiván, quoted, I. 76.

Jamshaí, also called Yekanabín, a sect, I. 193.

Jamshasp, son of Jemshid, son of Tahmúras, I. 193.

Jamshaspians, a sect, I. 193.

Janaka, king of Mithila, a legend of him, II. 255, 256, 261 to 266.

Jana loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12—region of the sons of Brahma, ibid. n. 5.

Jangaman, sect of Hindus — their belief, II. 218.

Jangrangháchah, master of Jamasp —writes to Gushtasp — disputes with Zardusht, I. 276—adopts his faith, 277.

Jani (Gosain), founder of a sect of Vaichnavas, II. 234.

Jápa, a rite of the Hindus, II. 55— muttering prayers, 126.

Jarudiyat, a branch of the Zaydiyat, II. 363 n. 1.

Jasa, a Brahman, in whose house the Kalki-avatar is to take place, II. 24.

Jashen Sudah, a work of Mobed Hushyar, I. 72.

Jashn-i-Sadah, “festival of Sadah,” work of Mobed Hoshyar, I. 112.

Jata Karma, a rite of the Hindus, II. 55 and n. 2.

Játi, “futile argument,” II. 209 —twenty-four enumerated, ibid. n. 4.

Jats, a low class of Hindus, II. 112 —a short account of them, 270 n. 1.

Javedan Khirad, book ascribed to Jemshid, I. 32 n. 145 n.

Jaya diva, a Rámánandi, author of a mystical poem upon Krichna and Radhá, II. 180 n. 1, 182 n. 1.

Jáyakarí, philosophers, attached to temporariness, III. 308.

Jazbet, “attraction,” III. 294 n. 2.

Iblis, “Satan,” II. 347 n. 1—ordered to adore Adam, III. 8 n. 2, 9 n. — the power of imagination, 146.

Ibn Makanâ Saheb-i-Mah Kashgher, III. 80, 210.

Ibrahim (Mulla), a zealous adherent to the creed of the Shiâhs, II. 364.

Idris (or Enoch, see Hermes), III. 106 n. 1.

Jehan Ara, epitome of the History of Persia, I. 31.

Jelal Bokhari (Said), III. 256 n. 1.

Jelal-eddin, sultan of Khorazm and other provinces, retires before Jangis Khan, II. 449 n.—gains two battles over the Moghuls— flies towards the Indus—is overthrown in a battle on that river— destroys his whole family, and passes the river, III. 117 n. 1.

Jelál-eddin, son of Miyán Bayezid,

III. 42—succeeds to his father's dignity, ibid.—brought before the emperor Akbar—flies—takes Ghizni—cannot maintain himself, 43 — is defeated and killed, 44.

Jelal-eddin Bokhari, founder of a sect, II. 226 n. 2.

Jelál-eddin Hassan, ben Muhammed, ben Hassan, the sixth ruler of the Alamutians, II. 446 n. 2— date of his death, 447.

Jelál-eddin Rumí (Mawlana), the most celebrated mystical poet of the Orient, III. 123 n. 4.

Jelal-eddin Rumí (Mawlana), disciple of Mohi-eddin, III. 234 n. 1,

Jelalian, a sect of Muhammedans, II. 226, 227, 228; III. 256 n. 1.

Jemál-eddin mátaher, writer upon prophecy and unity, II. 379.

Jemálian, a sect, III. 256.

Jemshid, king and prophet, I. 30, 31 — a law of his quoted, 73—son of Tahmúras, 88 — his sentiments expressed to Abtin, 194.

Jemshid, author of many philosophical works, 195.

Jengis Khan, dates of his birth and death, I. 160 n. 1; III. 113 and n. 1, 119 n. 1—destroys the dominion of the Seljuk dynasty, II. 449 n.—divides his empire before his death, ibid. — worshipper of the stars, III. 112 — subject to trances and epileptic fits — particulars relative to them — practises divination by means of combs, 113—made prisoner, recovers his liberty, 114 — is just and equitable, ibid. - appoints his successor, 115—his last advice to his sons, 118, 119—duration of his dynasty, 121 n. 1.

Jeresht, the fourteenth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 274.

Jermághun, a general of Oktayi Khan, sent with a force against Jelal-eddin, king of Khorassan, whom he defeats, III. 116, 117.

Jermshar, name of Jemshid, I. 31 n.

Ihhrám, “penetential veil,” III. 257 n. 1.

Ihtilam, how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, II. 408 n. 2.

Jin, “spirits of fire,” III. 236.

Jitèndriya, “who has subdued the senses,” II. 239.

Ijtihad, “rational dialectics,” II. 378 n. 2.

Jiva, “life,” II. 123, 124.

Jivánasp, son of Sásán, resides in Kabulistan, I. 276 n. 2.

Jívatátma, “the vital principle, or spirit,” II. 92.

Ilahíah, followers of the religion of Akbar, III. 48.

Ilam-eddin, named Buzin-Khan (Hakim) built Vizirabad, a town, II. 194.

Ilhám, “inspiration,” III. 174 n. 1.

Imám, Imámat, a religious dignitary, and office — conditions thereof, II. 362, 363 — twelve Imáms, enumerated, 367, 368 n. 1 — their prohibitions of science, 375 — instructions, 376— seven Imáms of the Ismâilahs, 400; III. 172, 173.

Imánah (The), a class of Muhammedan sectaries, II. 388; III. 12.

Imámiyat âsulín, a sect, II. 385.

Imbal, a fort in Khazazm, surrenders to the besieging Moghuls for want of water, at the very moment of a heavy fall of rain, III. 120.

Imkan, “possibility,” III. 141— four sorts of it, ibid. n. 1.

Jnana skandha, “personality,” II. 197.

Jnánam uttamam, “the highest state of beatitude,” II. 95.

Jnáni, possessor of the Vedanta science, II. 96.

Jnánindra, particular class of Jnanis, II. 103.

Jnapti skandha, “the knowledge of animal nature,” II. 198.

Indra, “the window of life, the passage of the soul,” where placed, II. 154.

Indra, regent of the East (Purva) II. 219.

Indrazaharáyog Vasishta, name

given to the instructions of Vasishta to Rama, II. 28.

Indriya, “exterior senses,” II. 204 —six senses, 206.

Insan Kamil, “the perfect man,” III. 276 n. 2.

Jóli handi, a sect, II. 128.

Jog-Vasishta (also Yog-vasishta, and Vasishta-yog), name given to Vasishta's instructions to Rama, II. 28, 96, 256, 268.

Joneid Abu 'l Kasem, III. 273 n. 1.

Jones (sir William), denies the authenticity of Zoroaster's works published in French, I. 223 n.

Jorjani, author of the Commentary upon the Mewakif, II. 323.

Jorjaní, author of Definitions, quoted, III. 141 n. 1, 174 n. 1, 224 n. 1, 229 n. 2, 230 n. 1, 231 n. 2, 239 n. 2, 276 n. 2.

Jourdan (Am.), translator of a work of Mirkhond, II. 423.

Iradet, a mystic term of the Druses, III. 64 n. 2—other definitions of it, 224 n. 1.

Iraj, son of Feridun, permits destructive animals to be eaten, I. 74.

Isána, the north-east region — regent between the north and east, II. 35, 219 n. 1.

Isápúcha, worship of God, II. 126.

Isfandarmend, Isfandarmaz, name of an angel and a month, I. 61, 62 and n. 230 — gives benedictions and instructions to Zardusht, 242.

Isfandamaz-jah, the third additional day of the Persian year, I. 62 n.

Isfendiar, son of king Gusht-asp— promoter of fire-worship, I. 50, 88—his history and death, 191 n. 1—receives one grain of the hallowed pomegranate from Zardusht, and becomes brazen-bodied, 260—allegories ascribed to him, 363, 364, 365, 366 — a prisoner in the fort Gambadan, 371.

Ishaîa (Isaiah), the Hebrew prophet, quoted, II. 298, 306, 307.

Isháret, “Indications,” title of a work, III. 218 n. 3.

Ishmata, one of the five failings, II. 120.

Ishrak Shuhab uddin Maktul (Shaikh), his works translated into Persian, I. 122.

Ishrakian, “Platonists,” I. 83.

Ishtam, “sacrifice, oblation,” II. 155 n. 4.

Iskander (Alexander), seeks the fountain of life, I. 57, 68 and n. 1 — explanation of this allegory, ibid.

Islam, the Muhammedan faith, II. 322 — its principal part, 341 to 357, 355.

Ismâil (Imám), son of Jafr sadik, II. 297, 398 n. — his disappearance — different versions about it, 398, 399.

Ismail Bég, a follower of Mazdak's faith, I. 378.

Ismâil Isfahani (Mulla), III. 297.

Ismail Safavi, king of Persia, his system with regard to hereditary dignity, I. 163.

Ismail Sufi, of Ardistan, a descendant from Musa, I. 52 n. 200.

Ismail Súfi (Mulla) of Isfahan, quoted, II. 52.

Ismâiliah (The), II. 397, 399 n. 1— acknowledge the legitimate succession from Jâfir to his son Ismâil, 399 n. 1—their creed, 400 to 404 (see Batenian) — different names given to the Ismâilahs, 421 n. 1—duration of their existence, and overthrow by Holágu, 450 n. —remains of this sect in Persia and India, ibid. n.

Isráfil, an angel, his function, II. 337 — one of the powers of the sun, III. 145.

Istakhar, town of Persia, I. 48 and n. 8.

Istidád, “disproportion,” III. 233.

Istidlal, “the arguers,” a sect, II. 390—once called Masháyin, ibid. n. 4.

Istidráj, “a sort of miracle,” III. 274 n. 1.

Istinsak, “washing the nostrils,” III. 259.

Istinsar, “drawing up water through the nostrils,” III. 259.

Isvára, “the necessary being,” II. 123.

Ita ahu Virio, a form of prayer, I. 313 and n. 1, 319, 321.

Itláf sarf, “absolute excellence,” III. 283.

Jují, son of Jengis Khan, the countries destined to him by his father enumerated—dies before his father, III. 116 n.

Jush, or Gush, angel presiding over the fourteenth day of every month, I. 62 n.

Justin, I. 33 n. 1.

Jyotisha, “astronomy,” II. 65 n. 1, 165.

Jyotish toma, “sacrifice of four goats,” II. 82, 83.

Ized, explained, I. 95 n.

Ized Dahman, a celestial being, who blesses the just man and conducts his soul to heaven, I. 258 n.

Izeshné, the Pehlvi name of a work, part of the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n. —translated into French, 226 n. —explained, 316 n.

Kâbah, holy temple of Mecca, by whom built, I. 47 n.; II. 409 n. 2—frequently mentioned as the Kiblah of the Muhammedans, see Kiblah.

Kabir, a disciple of Rámanandrá, II. 186 n. 2—a Vairagi—his first meeting with his master, 187 to 188 — some of his speeches, 189 —his charity, 190—after his death Hindus and Muhammedans claim his burial, 191—his corpse disappears, ibid n. 1.

Kacha, son of Vrihaspati, his legend, II. 225 n. 1.

Kadariah, Kadarian, a Muhammedan sect, II. 325 n. 1, 353 n. 1.

Kadr, “God's particular will,” II. 352 n. 1, III. 233.

Kaf, a fabulous mount, II. 260 n. 2; III. 249 n. 1 (see Alburz).

Kafris, called Kafer Katóriz, a tribe from Kabulistan, III. 301.

Kahgyur, one of the principal religious works of the Tibetans, II. 291 n. 2.

Kah Zand, “little Zand,” I. 352, 353.

Kajak, name of God with the Tibitans, II. 289 n. 1.

Káim makám, “vice-regent,” III. 203.

Kai-Kaús, the second king of the Kayan dynasty, his epoch, I. 52 and n. 5 — his attempted ascent to heaven and downfall explained, 56.

Kai Khúsro, king and prophet, I. 30, 163—resigns the crown—disappears suddenly, 192 n.—kills Afrasiab, II. 130 n. 1—lives still, by means of a peculiar mode of breathing, 136.

Kai Kobad, son of Zab, I. 88.

Káí Nishín, brother of Kai-Káus, interprets the adventure of his brother, I. 56 — son of Kai Kobad, 88.

Kaívan azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Kakak (Ibrahim), founder of a sect, his life, conduct, speech, II. 229, 230.

Kakan, a sect founded by Ibrahim Kakak, II. 229.

Kála-dek (Kaladíya), peculiar rite of the Sactians, II. 155.

Kalem, “scholastic theology,” definition thereof, II. 327 n. 2, 375 n. 1.

Kalian Bharati, a Sanyasi, his ac-

count of Shah Abas, king of Persia, II. 146, 147.

Kalinga, name of a province in India, II. 3.

Kalinga, a city, in which is the temple of the tortoise, II. 70.

Kaliśakha, sacred tree, II. 80.

Kála-skandha, ibid. n. 6.

Kali Warastah (Imám), “the Humble,” his verses quoted, I. 138.

Kaliyug, the fourth age of the Hindus, II. 24—when it begins, ibid. n. 1—its fixed duration, 48.

Kalki-Avátar, the tenth Avátar of Vichnu, II. 24 — when to take place, ibid.

Kalpa, a part of the Vedas, on ceremonies, II. 65 n. 1.

Kámada, sexual love, II. 154.

Kamál, a distinguished Vahádi, killed by Abás, III. 23, 24.

Kamál eddin, son of Miyan Báyezid, III. 42.

Kamer (the moon), the son of Atri, the Sage, II. 39—bears the title of superior wisdom, III. 200, 201 —a mixed light with a particular property, 202—the seal of perfection, 244.

Kam-hibdas, a sect, II. 128.

Kám Jóí, a follower of the Samradian doctrine—verses of his quoted, I. 200.

Kamkár, an ascetic of the Samradian sect, I. 197 — author of a treatise containing amusing anecdotes, 198 — examples of them, ibid. 199, 200.

Kamran (Hakim), of Shiraz, performs a supposed miracle, I. 117.

Kamran of Shíraz (Hakim), relates a speech of Chatur Vapah, II. 145.

Kamran, of Shiraz, a Peripatetic, III. 205 — his erudition — conduct, 206, 207 — death—burial, 208— his opinions, 211, 216—his behavior towards another sect, 217 —the books which he read with his disciples, 217, 218, 219.

Kamus, a Khodayi (merchant), I. 201.

Kanesh bhat, a Jnánindra, II. 107.

Kanigaram, a place on the borders of Kandahar, III. 28.

Kanťa, wind-pipe, II. 132.

Kapal-ásan, a particular rite of devotion, I. 123.

Kar, a class of Sanyásis, II. 139.

Kárana, “cause,” II. 17.

Kárana sarira, “the original frame,” II. 177 n.

Karankabánta, a Dakhani word for a sacred tree, II. 80.

Karanyáksha, a demon, carries the earth under water, II. 20.

Kargi, a Telinga word for the Sanscrit Durva, sacrificial grass, II. 80.

Karkh, a quarter of Baghdád, II. 490 n, 2.

Karmáh, Saturn's stay in each mansion of his orbit, I. 27.

Karmah hormuzi, Jupiter's stay in each mansion of his orbit, I. 27.

Karmatians, a sect, founded by Hamadan, surnamed Karmata, II. 421 n. 1.

Karsal, a Saturnian year, I. 27.

Karsal hormuzi, Jupiter's period, I. 27.

Karun, Korah, the cousin of Moses, according to the Muhammedans, III. 70 n. 1.

Karuna, “tenderness, pity,” II. 121.

Kásam Khan, quoted, III. 203.

Kaseb, “acquisition,” II. 353 n.

Kashef mâni, “inner revelation,” III. 274.

Kashef ul mahjub, “the revelations of the veiled Being,” III. 265.

Kashef suri, “exterior revelation,” III. 274.

Kashial, a place in the mountains of Kashmír, inhabited by a particular sect, their customs, II. 244.

Káshmȧr, Kichmar, town in Khorassan, where is Zardusht's cypress-tree, I. 280 n. 306 and n. 3.

Kashti, “sacred girdle,” I. 297 — description of it, ibid. n. 314.

Kasimirsky, translator of the Koran into French, quoted, III. 72 n. 1.

Kasur, its mystical signification, III. 159, 162.

Kaśyapa, a sect, II. 128.

Katha, Krishna's advice to Arjuna, II. 96.

Kavi-śastra, “poetics,” II. 165.

Kawser, a river of paradise, II. 344 n. 1—in Gabriel's heavenly mansion, a source like wine, III. 190 n. 1.

Kayastha, the writer cast, belonging to the fourth class among the Hindus, II. 114 n. 1.

Kayomors, name equivalent to Gilshah, etymology of both names, I. 29 n.—son of Yásan Ajam, 88.

Kaz??a, God's universal judgment, II. 352 n. 1; III. 233.

Kazil Saruk, a general of Malik-shah, besieges Múmin-ábad, a fort of the Ismâilah, his army disperses, II. 437

Kazl-bash, “red-head,” name given to the Persians by the Turks, I. 160 n. 1.

Kazvin, town of Persia, II. 172.

Kchatriyas, the second class of the Hindus, their destination, II. 48 —what they are to learn—to perform, 78.

Kerámet, “prodigy,” III. 173 n. 2.

Keramiah, Keramian, a Muhammedan sect, II. 331.

Kerát, “chanting,” III. 260.

Kera-Tabitian, the inhabitants of Tibet, their religion, II. 289, 292.

Kerb, “proximity,” III. 294 n. 1.

Kerbela, town, sepulchre of Imám Husain, I. 117 — its ancient name, 51.

Kerges, a fabulous bird, I. 36 n. 1.

Kerimdád, son of Jelál eddin, son of Báyezid, delivered up to his enemies and put to death, III. 47.

Kermabah, place of resort for the Persian kings, III. 107 n. 2.

Kersi, the throne of God, the crystaline heaven, II. 346.

Kesayi Tivari, a Brahman of Benares, settled at Lahore, II. 90.

Kesesrob, the tenth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 273 n.

Khadijá, Muhammed's wife, II. 300, 398 n.

Khadira (Khandira), sacrificial wood, II. 80.

Khaibar, a town in the Arabian province of Hejaz, III. 51 n. 2.

Khair al Bian, a book of the Roshenian, III. 44.

Khair eddin, son of Báyezid, III. 42 n. 1.

Khákani (Hakim), quoted, III. 14, 168.

Kháki, merchant of the Shidabian sect, I. 207.

Khala, quitting and reassuming the body at pleasure, I. 86.

Khalâ, “divesting,” a term of the Ismâilahs, II. 406.

Khaled, son of Valid, and general of Abu bekr, defeats the army of Musaylima, who is killed, III. 4 n. 1.

Kharchang (Crab), constellation which the Persian astronomers represented by a tortoise, II. 19.

Khatar hari, a sacred tree, II. 80.

Khashar, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Khatem, “the seal,” III. 244.

Kherka, the patched coat of ascetics, II. 228.

Khesht, the twelfth Nosk of the Zand - Avesta, its contents, I. 274 n.

Khizr (Elias), discovers the fountain of life, I. 57 n. 2, 58 n. 1.

Khodádád (Mobed), founder of a sect, his opinion, I. 201.

Khoda Jai (Mobed), quoted, I. 76 — disciple of Azar Kaivan—his attainments and austerities, 118— author of a Commentary upon Kaíván's poems—his death, 119.

Khodaiyan, a sect, followers of Mobed Khodádád, I. 201.

Khogiah Shams-eddin Muhammed, III. 217 n. 1.

Khur, angel presiding over the 11th day of every month, I. 62 n.

Khurastar, noxious animals, I. 292.

Khurdad, name of an angel and a

month, I. 61, 62 n.—gives benedictions and instructions to Zardusht, 242—appears in Gushtasp's palace, 257.

Khurramiah, a name of the Ismâilahs, II. 421 n. 1.

Khurshid chehar, one of Zardusht's three sons, I. 293 n. 1.

Khurshid Páyah, the solar sphere, I. 289.

Khushnudi namah, certificate of good behaviour, I. 176.

Kia Buzerk umid, successor to Hassan Sabah in Alamut, II. 436, 441 — his conduct, 442—duration of his reign, ibid. n. 1.

Kiblah, that part, or object, to which people direct their face in prayer, I. 33 n.—term frequently used in the whole work.

Kík Khan, of the family of Chaghat-Khan, proves his love of practical justice, III. 119, 120.

Kimiáyi Sâadet, “alchymy of felicity,” a work of Ghazáli, recommended for perusal in Akbar's ordinances, III. 123.

Kiranya Kashipu, a demon slain by Vichnu, II. 21.

Kirfah, “good deeds,” I. 311, 313 and n. 2.

Kimna, a form of prayer, I. 325 and n. 1, 331.

Kisálihazza, place of pilgrimage in Kachmir, II. 166.

Kishtovar, a town in Lahore, II. 108 n. 1.

Kitabal Jafr, III. 234 n

Kleuker (John Frederic), translated the Zand - Avesta, from French into German, with Comments, I. 223 n.

Knef, the good principle of the Egyptians, III. 106 n.

Kobad, the eighteenth king of the Sassanians, supports the prophet Mazdak — expelled from Persia, recovers the throne, I. 193 n. 1.

Koheli, a tribe of Kchatriyas, II. 194.

Kohistan (Khorassan), one of the principal seats of the Eastern Ismâilahs, II. 423.

Koran (The), quoted, II. 331, 333—declared the summary of four sacred books, 340 — quoted, 354, 358, 371, 396 n. 1, 400 n. 1, 454; III. 8 n. 2, 68 n. 1, 72, 79 n. 2, 88 n. 1, 101 n. 5, 146, 149 n. 1, 150, 155, 159 n. 1, 161, 166, 212 n. 1, 234, 253, 271, 274 n. 1, 290.

Koshá, sheaths constituting the subtile frame of the rudimental body, II. 177 n.

Kote, equal to ten millions, II. 35.

Krichna-Avátar, the eighth Avátar of Vichnu, II. 24.

Krichna, a Kchatriya, II. 24—when he appeared, ibid.—has 16,000 wives—explanation of it, 31, 32, 183.

Krichna paksha, the dark half of a month, II. 18.

Krita yugam, the age of the righteous, III. 47 n. 1, 50 n.

Kufah (town), burial-place of the Imám Abu Hanifah—its fire-temples, I. 51, 52.

Kular, a Dakhani word for the Indian fig-tree, II. 80.

Kumbi, cultivator, II. 78.

Kunda, sacrificial hole or pit in the ground, II. 79.

Kundeli, snake—a vein of the human body, II. 134.

Kundízh-húkht, temple erected by Zohak, I. 50.

Kunti, wife of Pandu, II. 67 n. 4.

Kurban, “sacrificing,” III. 262.

Kurbet, proximity to God, III. 29, 36, 37.

Kurma-Avátar, tortoise Avátar, II. 18.

Kurutaman, paradise, I. 290.

Kusa, sacrificial grass, II. 79.

Kushnuman, a short prayer, I. 332 and n. 1.

Kutwal, police-officer, or inspector — instructions for his conduct, III. 132 to 136.

Kuvala lotus, birth of Brahma, II. 16.

Kuvèra, regent of the North (uttara), II. 219.

Labíd, one of the seven Arabian poets, whose poems were suspended in the temple of Mecca, III. 65 n. 1.

Lachmana, brother of Rama-chandra, II. 36.

Lahjan, a town in the province of Gilan, III. 141 n. 3.

Lajard (Felix), member of the French Institute, quoted, I. 293 n.

Láli, translator of a work of Jamasp, I. 112.

Lamas, “pilgrims,” their customs, II. 291.

Lamiser, a fort taken by the Ismâilahs, II. 439—destroyed by Holágu, 449 n.

Lanka (Ceylon), II. 23—a fort, built of golden ingots, ibid.

Larang, name of the Divinity, I. 86.

Lárásun, place of pilgrimage in Kachmir, II. 166.

Lashkár Navís, “army-registrar,” I. 156.

Lassen (Christian), maintains the genuineness and antiquity of the Zand language, I. 223 n.

Lawh-i-Mahfúz, “the tables of destiny,” III. 283.

Leibnitz, quoted, III. 240 n. 2.

Leo X. Pope, III. 208 n.

Leyden (John), quoted, II. 246, 247 n.; III. 42 n. 47, 48.

Lim Sar, “dwelling on high,” I. 151.

Linga, “virile organ,” II. 152 n. 3 —naked rudiment of the body, 177 n.

Linga purusha, visional subtile body, II. 178 n. 1

Linga sarira, “visional body,” II. 177.

Lord (Henry), traveller in the East, I. 225 n.

Lohrasp, son of Arvand, I. 88 — cured of a malady, and converted, by Zardusht, 255—imprisons Isfendiar, 191 n. 1 — supposed length of his reign, 278 n. — is killed in battle, 371.

Lubhani, author, quoted, II. 193.

Lulies, public women in Persia, I. 118 n. 1; II. 70.

Lunchîta-kéśa, “hair-pluckers,” a class of Buddhists, II. 212 n. 2.

Lunugi, “unitarians among the Jatis,” a class of Buddhists, II. 213.

Lycophron, quoted, 112 n.

Maâd, “resurrection,” III. 278.

Mâaviah Ebn Abi Safian, II. 356— a short account of him, 358 n. 1, 361—collector in Syria, III. 55.

Mabzad, son of Gurgín, although a lunatic, maintained in the government, I. 163.

Machá, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Macrobius, quoted, I. 205.

Mada, “joy, pleasure,” II. 121.

Madárian, a sect, II. 223.

Madhu Acháris, a class of the worshippers of Vichnu, II. 179.

Madhwácharya, founder of the sect of Brahma Sampradáyis, II. 179 n. 1, 181 n. 2.

Madhur, a descendant of Gurgin, becomes a lunatic, I. 163.

Mafid (Shaikh), founder of a system of scholastic theology, II. 379, 380.

Magi, see Mobed, I. 17 n.

Mah (the moon), represented as a man, I. 40.

Mah, angel presiding over the twelfth day of every month, I. 62 n.

Máh-ab, brother of Mihrab, I. 173 —resigns his person to servitude for another slave, 144.

Maha ásana, peculiar mode of sitting, II. 134.

Mahá-atma, a distinguished class of Jatís, II. 213 — the miraculous power of one of them instanced, 214.

Mahabad, first king, I. 15 — his acts, 16, 17.

Máhábad, place of pilgrimage, II. 166.

Mahabadas, fourteen kings, I. 21.

Máhábádian dynasty, its duration, I. 14.

Mahabet Khan, III. 216.

Mahábharat, poem, quoted, II. 42, 67 n. 2.

Mahábharat, translated by Abul Fazil, III. 101—quoted, 110, 111.

Mahadéo (Siva), with a serpent round his neck, II. 32, 217 — what it means—what his attribute of destroyer, 32—proceeds from the navel of Víchnu—eight-faced, eight-armed — rides upon a bull — dressed in an elephant's skin, rubbed with ashes, 217— three-eyed, ibid.

Mahadeo, a Saktian, sitting upon a dead body, II. 159.

Maha jyóti, “great light,” II. 235.

Mahakah, “assertors of truth,” a class of Muhammedan theologians, II. 380.

Maharloka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — its situation, ibid. n. 4.

Mahásebi, a learned Muhammedan, II. 329 n. 2.

Maha Singh, son of Bahader Singh, the Raja of Kishtovár, disciple of Hara Ramapuri, II. 108, 109.

Mahá tala loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — an infernal region, ibid. n. 12.

Máhatap indra, a Jnanindra, II. 107.

Mahat tatwam, “essential nature,” II. 10 — whence it proceeded, 13 and n. 5.

Mah-azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Mahdi, “guide,” I. 130 n. 1—title of the twelfth Imám, II. 383.

Mah-dinah, ancient name of Medina, I. 51.

Mahésh, see Siva, II. 4.

Mah-gah, old name for Mecca, I. 48.

Mahin-azar, name of a fire-temple, I. 52.

Mahir Chand, a goldsmith, disciple of Akamnath, II. 116.

Mahisha Asura, a demon, under the form of a buffalo, killed by Durga, II. 163.

Máhlad, a governor of Khorassan —orders his head to be cut off by the son of a man whom he had unjustly put to death, I. 159.

Mahmud (Shaikh), quoted, II. 191.

Mahmud, son of Malik Shah—his contest with his half-brother, Barkiarok, II. 437 n. 1.

Mahmud of Ghiznah, son of Sebek teghin, the founder of his dynasty, I. 197 and n. 1.

Mahmud Beg Timán, disciple of Farzanah Bahram, a seer of one God—his treatment of a wounded dog, I. 135 — his devotion, 136.

Mahmud Sabak teghin, founder of the dynasty of the Ghasnavis, persecutor of Avisenna, II. 170 n. 1.

Mahmud Shebisteri, I. 82; III. 225 n. 1, 237 n. 3.

Mahmud Tarahi, head of a sect, III. 12 n. 1.

Mahna, name of a veín, II. 132.

Mah Páyah, lunar sphere, I. 289.

Mahs, mark of a man's former state, III. 20.

Mahsan Khan ghazi, a Moghul chief, defeats Miyan Báyazid, III. 41, 42 n. 1.

Mahtra, Mathura, town in India, account of it, I. 53 and n.

Máhyár, a person mentioned in the Samrad namah, I. 201.

Mahyársur ilm, ancient fire-temple, I. 51

Mah Zand, “great Zand,” I. 352, 353.

Magha, January-February, II. 58.

Mâjazet, “extraordinary thing,” III. 173 n. 1.

Maibed, a town of Persia, III. 217 n. 2.

Maibedí, see Hossain, son of Mâyin eddin, III. 217.

Majeddin Abu Taher Muhammed ben Yakub, compiler of a celebrated Arabic Dictionary, and of other works, III. 94 n. 1.

Majed-doulah Abu Taleb Rustam, the eighth prince of the Buyi dynasty, II. 172 n. 2.

Majezub, a class of Súfis, III. 251 n.

Majezub salik, a class of Súfis, III. 251.

Mâikail (Mikáil), an angel presiding the truth of professions, II. 337 — proceeds from the moon, III. 145 — the greatest of all angels, 193.

Maiku Khan, or Mangu Khan, son of Tuli Khan, son of Jengis Khan — rules in Tartary, II. 449 n.— orders the death of Rukn-eddin, 450 n.

Majmirah, a name of the Ismâilahs, II. 421.

Maimun, surnamed Kaddah, the ancestor of Said Muhammed Obaid-alla, Mahdi, II. 418 and n. 1.

Maizad, or Miezd, I. 319.

Makabil Ben Soliman, a Muhammedan theologian, II. 332.

Makam, “station,” its meaning in the language of the Súfis, III. 242.

Makhan Afghani, a miscellaneous compilation on the ritual and moral practices of Islam, III. 47 n. 48.

Makhdúm ul mulk, under the reign of Akbar, declares the pilgrimage to Mecca unnecessary, III. 87.

Maknâyah, a name of the Ismâilahs, II. 421 n. 1.

Makr Ilahi, “divine fascination,” III. 274.

Makrisi, his account of the Jews, quoted, II. 304; II. 419 n. 1, 423.

Maksud chep, a tribe of the people of Shekunah, II. 360, 361.

Maktul (Shaikh), his opinion about the heavenly bodies, III. 171 — composer of hymns, 205.

Malá-tulasi, a rosary of the Tulasi shrub, II. 184.

Malcolm (sir John), author of a History of Persia, quoted, I. 53 n. — of a Sketch of the Sikhs, quoted, II. 246 n. 1, 247 n. 1, 248 n. 1, 249 n. 1, 250 n. 1; III. 24 n. 1, 229 n. 1.

Malik, the keeper of hell, III. 155.

Malik Ehn Ans, head of a Muhammedan sect, II. 328 n. 1, 332.

Malik Salakin, governor of the fort Arak, III. 117 — ravages of the plague during the defence of his post against the Moghuls, 118.

Malik Shah, son of Alp Arselan, II. 426 n. 1.

Malik Shah, versified in Persian— Zardusht's hundred gates, I. 310 n. 1.

Malik Táj-eddin, king of Ghor, III. 114—relates an anecdote relative to the discipline of the Moghuls, 115.

Malik Yakúb, lord of Shekunah, II. 356.

Malkîah, a Muhammedan sect, II. 355.

Mamun, the seventh khalif of the Abbasides, restores the castle Feduk to the posterity of Ali, III. 52 n.

Mana, name of a vein, II. 132.

Manas, mind, the interior sense, possessing the three attributes of the divinity, II. 99, 100, 204.

Mânavi (Manlavi), his verses quoted, I. 115, 130; III. 242.

Mandára, mountain, serving as a churn-staff of the ocean, II. 19 and n. 2.

Mani, painter, son of Fáten, his epoch—doctrine—fate, I. 205 n. 3—further account of him, 372, 373 n.

Manjíat wa mahelkat, “The Causes of Salvation and Perdition,” a work recommended for perusal in Akbar's ordinances, III. 123.

Manichæism, short account of it, I. 372, 373 n.

Mani puram, pit of the stomach, II. 131 n. 1, 132, 150.

Manir, a learned contemporary of Mohsan Fáni, III. 204, 205.

Manistán, world of similitude, I. 21.

Manishram, name given to Mars in the Desatir, I. 37 n.

Mankahú, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Mansi, “physiologists,” III. 308.

Mansur I. son of Abdel malek, sixth king of the Samánis, origin of the dynasty, II. 169 n. 2.

Mansur, the son of Aziz, surnamed Alhakem ba amra, II. 422 and n. 1.

Mantek al tair, “the colloquy of the birds,” quoted, III. 249 n. 1.

Manthar, a region of the human body, II. 131.

Mantik (Al.), logic, II. 327 n. 2.

Mantra, form of prayer, II. 79.

Manu, quoted, II. 50, 55 n. 3, 59, 71, 87, 88, 119, 179.

Manvantara, reign of a Manu, its duration stated, II. 50 n.—Manavanturas innumerable, ibid.

Manuhar Kuchwáhhah (Rai), quoted, II. 53.

Manu-Ráma (Sri), an austere Brahman, in Lahore, II. 89, 90.

Manushya bhakta, worshippers of mankind, II. 244.

Maragha, in Azerbijan, the residence of Hulagu, famous for its astronomic observatory, under the direction of Nas ir eddin, III. 114 n. 1.

Márásfand, angel presiding over the twenty-ninth day of the month, I. 62 n.

Mard, a period of time, I. 14.

Mardad (Amardad), name of an angel and of a month, I. 61, 62 n. — gives instructions to Zardusht, 243.

Márga sirsha, August, II. 83.

Mârifat, “true knowledge,” III. 29, 36, 37.

Marikh, Mirrikh (Mars), son of the earth, II. 38—a demon of a malignant influence, 44.

Marraccius, author of the Prodromus, translator of the Koran, II. 323.

Mâruf Karkhí, a Súfi, II. 390 n. 2, 276.

Marzaban, ben Abdullah, ben Maimun al Kadah, the founder of the Batenian, II. 400 n. 1.

Marzái, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Masakh, “metamorphosis,” III. 150.

Másháyîn, “Peripatetics,” II. 373 n. 2.

Mash had, holy sepulchre, III. 2 n. 2.

Mashia and Mashiana, the first man and woman sprung from earth, I. 268 n. 1, 355 n.

Masjed al Nabi, the mosque of the prophet, I. 47.

Masnad, a Guru, or spiritual chief of the Sikhs, II. 271.

Masnad es sahih, work of Muhammed, called Bocharí, III. 53.

Mâsúm, “defended, preserved,” a name of Muhammed, the Askerite, II. 386 n. 1.

Matâh, temporary marriage, III. 62 —various opinions about it, 88 n. 1.

Matakalem, Matakalman, Matkalmin, II. 327 n. 2, 373, 391.

Mâtakellam al-Ashari, a title of Sheheristani, II. 323.

Matákherin (Sûfis), “the modern,” II. 389.

Mâtalah, Matalites, a Muhammedan sect, II. 325—their opinions, ibid. n. 1.

Mâtazalah, “separatists,” II. 325, 327, 352 n. 2.

Matemed Abási, son of Motavakel, his epoch, II. 384 n. 1.

Materidi, or Abu Mansur Muhammed al Hanefí (Shaikh), II. 349 n. 1.

Máth, “monastery,” II. 179 n. 1, 180 n. 1.

Mátris, personified energies of the Gods, eight names of them, II. 220 n. 2.

Matsherâin (Súfis), orthodox Súfis, II. 374.

Matsya-Avátar, Fish-Avátar, II. 18.

Mavafek Nishapuri, a very learned Sonnite, II. 424 n. 2.

Mawakif, Stations, Posts, or Theses of Metaphysics, title of a celebrated work, II. 323 n. 328 n.

Maveli (perhaps Mahesvari), an idol in the town of Bister (perhaps Bidzergur), a legend of this deity, II. 163, 164.

Máuninas, Sanyásis, keeping silence, II. 148.

Máyá, the magic of God, II. 91.

Máyá Sakti, spouse of Sivá, II. 149 —her seat in the human body— her description, 151.

Mazak, uncommon exaltation of mind, III. 294 n. 1.

Mazda, Maz-dao, Mezda, great, or all-knowing, I. 325 and n. 1—a form of prayer, ibid. 331.

Mazdak, prophet, I. 104 n. 193 n. — unable to injure the pure faith, 267—contemporary of king Kobad, 373—put to death under Nushirvan, ibid.—account of his doctrine, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378.

Mazheri, of Kachmir, quoted, II. 171.

Mazmaza, rinsing the mouth, III. 259.

Medina, town in Arabia, burial-place of Muhammed, its ancient name, I. 51 and n.

Mediomah, couin to Zardusht, I. 231 n.

Mediozerem, holy oil, I. 290 n. 1.

Meftah al alum, “the key of sciences,” title of a work, III. 218 n. 5.

Meiners, denies the authenticity of Zoroaster's works, published in French, I. 223 n.

Merad Baigh, an enemy of Jelal-eddin, the Roshenian, III. 44.

Meraséd al ânayet, “Observations upon the blessed Favor,” III. 294.

Merát ul Mohakakin, “the Mirror of the Investigators of Truth,” work of Shaikh Mahmúd Shosterí, III. 147.

Merikh (Mars), Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Mershed (Hakim), a disciple of Kamran, III. 219.

Mertebah, “degrees,” III. 266.

Mertebah ahadiyat, “degree of unity,” III. 222.

Mervan, son of Hakim, son-in-law of Osman, the Khalif, III. 55.

Mervan Muhammed ben Mervan, ben Hakem, the last of the Ommiahs, II. 361.

Mian Báyezid, the head of a sect, III. 26—his lineage, 27, 28—becomes the disciple of Khájah Ismâil, 28—his sayings and principles, 29, 38—his deeds—practises highway robbery, 39—composes works in several languages, 40—said to have been an illiterate man—makes war upon the Moghuls, 41—with various success, ibid. n. 1 — date of his death, 42.

Mian Lal, a Vairagi, II. 196.

Mian Mir, III. 297.

Miduyzaram, the first Gáhámbar, I. 346.

Midyúshaham, the second Gáhámbar, I. 346.

Mihin Farush, author of a Treatise concerning Zardusht, I. 244.

Mihr Ized (Mithra), name of an angel and of a month, I. 61 62 n.

—his character—how represented —his functions, 286 n. 1. 287, 311.

Mihrab arch attar, symbol of Venus, I. 49.

Mihrab, a disciple of the son of Farhad — how he relieved an old workman, I. 142, 143.

Mihran, physician, follower of the Shidabían faith, I. 207.

Mikat ítinás, place of assemblage for the pilgrims of Mecca, II. 409.

Milad, a follower of the Alarian sect, I. 206.

Milan, an Iranian, founder of a sect, his opinion, I. 204.

Milanian, a sect, I. 204.

Mimansa, explanation of the word, II. 4 n. 66 n.

Mina, a valley, near Mecca, where the pilgrims throw stones, III. 76.

Mina, semen virile, I. 227 — name of a vein, II. 132.

Minú, “azure heaven,” I. 150.

Minucheher, son of Iraj, king and prophet, I. 30, 88.

Mínúiván Mínü, “heaven of heavens,” I. 152.

Minu Sar, “|celestial abode,” I. 151.

Miri, a Telinga word for the fig-tree, II. 80.

Mirkhond, quoted, II. 423 n. 2, 424 nn. 1, 2, 425, 427 n. 1, 437 n. 1, 439, n. 4, 441 n. 1, 446 n. 2, 449 n.; III. 234 n.

Mir Sáid, Sharif of Jarjan (Georgia), quoted, II. 29.

Mir Said Sherif Amely, a theological disputant under Akbar, III. 90.

Mirtasi (Said), distinguished among the learned of the Imámîyat, II. 379.

Mirza, the son of Nur-eddin, son of Báyezid, killed in battle, III. 47.

Mirza Haider, a noble Muselman, becomes a Vairagi, II. 193.

Mirza Khan (Mulla), III. 205.

Mirza Salah, a noble Muselman, becomes a Vairagi, II. 193.

Mishteri, “Jupiter,” Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Mithra (Mihr), distinct and subordinate to Ormuzd — his character among the Chaldeans and Arabs — his religion and worship in later times, I. 286 n.

Mitrata, “friendship,” II. 121.

Míyán Ahdád, son of Omar Shaikh, the son of Báyezid, III. 44 — reduced to great straits by the forces of the Moghuls, killed in the defence of a fort, 44, 45 — heroic conduct of his daughter, 45.

Mizan, “balance,” title of a book composed by Váhed, III. 16, 17.

Mizan, one of the compilers of the Testament of Jemshid, I. 195 — a travelling merchant of the Yekanah binan sect, ibid.

Mizumah, name of an angel, I. 231.

Moallakat, poems suspended in the temple of Mecca, III. 65 n.

Mobed, learned man, ascetic, I. 17, 18.

Moez eddin (also Jelal-eddin, and Jelal daulet) Abu 'l fettah Malik-Shah, see Malik Shah, II. 426 n. 1.

Mohajirin, emigrants from Mecca with the prophet, III. 52 n.

Mohib eddin Abu 'l Valid Muhammed ben Kamal eddin, al Hanefi, known under the surname of ben Shonah, III. 291 n. 1, 312 n.

Mohi eddin Ibn Arabi — his work quoted, III. 91—the date of his death, ibid.—quoted, 232 n. 1, 234 n. 1.—his opinion upon Pharáoh's faith, 257, 265 n. 272, 285, 300.

Mohi-eddin, son of Zangui and Bibí Fatima, III 235 n.

Mohl (Julius), translator of Mojmel al Tavarikh, I. 29 — editor of “Fragments relative to the Religion of Zoroaster,” 275 n.; III. 245 n. 1.

Mojassemian, “Corporealists,” a Muhammedan sect, II. 231 n. 1.

Mojmel al Tavarikh, quoted, I. 29 n. 33 n. 1 — furnishes confirmation of Zardusht's epoch as given in the text, I. 344 n.

Mokanna, “covered by a veil,” surname of Hakem ben Hasham, III. 3 n. 1 — the mode of his suicide, 26 n. 1.

Monachism, III. 18 n. 2, 274 n. 2, 275.

Monkir, an angel visiting the dead, III. 153.

Montaser, “victorious,” surname of Ismâil Khalif, II. 419.

Montaśer (also Moadd Mostanser Billah), receives and protects at his court Hassan Sabah, II. 430.

Moore, author of the Hindu Pantheon, quoted, II. 49 n. 1.

Moses (Musiâ), II. 298; III. 271 n. 1, 273 — did not open a passage through the Nile—destroyed Korah from covetousness, 70 — performed false miracles, 71.

Moses Koras, III. 207 n. 1.

Motasem (Al.), Khalif, II. 329.

Muadan Ushshaffai Iskandari, a selection taken from several medical treatises, quoted, II. 46.

Mudgha-Avátar, “the Stupid Avátar,” the meeting of Parasu Ráma and Ráma Chandra, II. 26, 27, 28.

Muezin, “crier on the top of mosque,” III. 261 n. 1.

Mugjifat Parsi, work quoted, I. 112.

Muha, “ignorance,” II. 205.

Muhammed, the Arabian prophet, selects a class of believers for salvation, II. 324 — ascends to heaven, 339 n. 1 — his spirit first created, 344 — the father of all spirits, 347 — date of his death, III. 4 n. 1, 61 n. — loses some teeth in battle, 54 n. 1 — undertakes an expedition to Tabuk, 56 n. 1—falls in love with Zeinah— marries her, 59 n. 1—passages in the Old and New Testament referred to Muhammed, 66 n. 1, 67 n. 1—he attacked caravans — killed animated beings — libidinous, 71—took nine, even twenty-one wives, 79 nn. 1, 2, 100 n. 2— his ascent to heaven allegorized, 177, 200 — visited and accompanied by the angel Jabril — bestrides Borak, 178, 181 — leaves the mountains without stopping on his way, enters the temple of Jerusalem, 182, 184 — drinks a cup of milk — sees prophets and angels, 184, 185—upon a ladder, arrives at the heaven of the universe, 186, 187 — at the second— the third—the fourth—and fifth heaven, 187, 188—sees hell, 188, 189—the sixth—the seventh heaven, 189—the eighth heaven—five mansions — four seas, 191 — angels, how occupied, 192 — a sea without borders—a great desert —the angel Mikáil, 193—the heavenly tabernacle, 194 n. 2 — passes through several thousand curtains — reaches the green rail—receives the Koran, 195 n. 1—his impressions, 196, 199—returns to his bed, still warm, 199, 200—moves about in extacy, 240.

Muhammed Abu Jafar Ebn Jerir el Tabari, mentions Zardusht's revelations upon parchment folios, I. 224 n.

Muhammed Ali, of Shiraz, disciple of Farzanah Bahram; his conversion of a thief, I. 132.

Muhammed Akil, assumed name of Ayin Hosh, see the latter, I. 378.

Muhammed Amin Asterabadi, gives currency to the creed of the Akhbarins, II. 372, 381, 391, 396.

Muhammed, son of Hassan Askeri (Imám), still alive and concealed — his absence divided into two epochs, II. 383—also called Abu 'l Cassem—the expected—the stable—and, in particular, Mahdi, “the guide,” ibid. n. 1—the duration of the two epochs stated, 384 n. 2, 399—his other titles, 403 n. 1.

Muhammed Báker dámád (Mir), III. 205.

Muhammed ben Abdullah, Mahdi, the last of the age, II. 418.

Muhammed ben Ahmed al janaid, eminent in analogy, II. 378.

Muhammed Ebn Bábúyah Alkamî, II. 380.

Muhammed Buzerg Umid, third ruler of the Alamutians, II. 442 n. 2.

Muhammed Ebn Keram, the founder of a Muhammedan sect, II. 331 n. 1.

Muhammed Doulet, successor to Barkiarok, on the throne of Persia, II. 439.

Muhammed Habib, successor of Jâfr Mosuddek, II. 399 n. 1.

Muhammed Hakim (Mirza), son of Humáyun Padshah, contemporary of Bayezid, III. 41.

Muhammed, son of Hassan, the fifth ruler of the Alamutians—his conduct, and the duration of his reign, II. 446 n. 2.

Muhammed Khan (Shaikh), minister of Sultan Abed Ullah Kateb, II. 296—verses of his Eulogy quoted, ibid.—his death, ibid.

Muhammed Kuli, friend of Mohsan Fáni, gives information about the sect of Musaylima, III. 3.

Muhammed Kuli, a follower of Mazdak's creed, I. 378.

Muhammed Kuli Salim, his verses quoted, I. 309.

Muhammed Láheji (Shaikh), see Shems eddin—Muhammed ben Yahya ben Ali Lahjani.

Muhammed al mahtadí, ben Abdullah, ben Ahmed, ben Muhammed, ben Ismâil, ben Jafr Sadik, Imám, II. 418.

Muhammed, son of Malik Shah, II. 437.

Muhammed Makim (Mirza), III. 297, 298.

Muhammed Mahadi, the third Khalif of the Abbasides, subdues Mokanna, the chief of a powerful sect, III. 3 n. 1.

Muhammed Mahdi, descendant from Indian parents—the date of his birth and death—left followers in several parts of India, II. 450 n.

Muhammed Mâsúm (Mulla), of Kashghar, II. 348—also called Shaikh Hossan, ibid. 349, 364.

Muhammed Mokhdar, ancestor of Mansur, son of Aziz, II. 422.

Muhammed (Mulla), a Súfi, translator into Persian of some parts of the Jog Vasishta, II. 28.

Muhammed Múmin, an authority adduced by the author of the Dabistán, II. 364.

Muhammed (Nur baksh), author of Sahifah al Auliya, I. 130.

Muhammed Núrbakhsh Mír Said, III. 245 n. 1, 263, 277.

Muhammed Razai Kazvini (Amin), quoted by the author of the Dabistán, II. 387.

Muhammed Sâid Sarmed, a Rabbin, becomes a Muselman, II. 293— falls in love—behaves like a Sanyási, 294—verses composed by him quoted, 295—his information concerning the religion of the Jews, 297—revises the Persian translation of the beginning of the Genesis, 300.

Muhammed Sáid Beg, assumed name of Farhad, see Farhad, I. 378.

Muhammed Said of Isfahan, disciple of Farzánah Bahram, I. 132—how he received a naked Faker — his death, 133.

Muhammed Said, of Samarkand (Mulla), follower of Bahram, I. 137.

Muhammed Shariz, of Shiraz (styled Amir ul Unra), his verses quoted, I. 144.

Muhammed, Sultan of Kharasm, dies on receiving the intelligence of the fort Imbal having surrendered to the Moghul, wherein were his mother and several women, III. 120.

Muhammad Yzedi (Mulla), his opinion, III. 92.

Muhammed ben Yákub, compiler of the dictionary Al Kamus, “the Ocean of the Arabic language,” II. 377 n. 2.

Muhammed Yakub Kashmiri, a Vakil of Sâid Khan Terkhan, III. 47.

Mujed eddin Muhammed Balkhi Kâderí (Shaikh), III. 300.

Mujmal al Hikmet, “Compendium of Philosophy,” quoted, II. 45.

Mujtahid, “Casuist,” II. 391—explanation of the term, ibid. n. 3.

Mukasa, allotment made by the state to an individual, I. 176.

Mukayed va Kasret va badáyet, “compass, abundance,” and “primitiveness,” III. 283.

Mukiman, a class of Súfis, III. 251.

Mukti, “final beatitude,” II. 94 —“emancipation,” 127.

Mukti, “liberation from the body,” II. 8.

Múk Zhup, “four blows,” a mode of invoking God, I. 77.

Muládhara, one of the seven (or six) circles of the human body, II. 131 and n. 1, 150.

Múlana Sháh, III. 286, 287, 296.

Mula Prakriti, the root of all, II. 9 n. 1.

Mulla, Sultan, III. 219.

Múmin-ábád, or Maimun diz, a fort of the Ismâilahs, besieged and defended, II. 437—taken by Holágu, 449 n.

Mundi, a name of Vairagis, I. 196.

Munji, a sort of grass, II. 53 n. 1, 56 n. 5.

Murad baksh, son of Shah Jehan, imprisoned by Aureng zeb, his brother—dies in prison, III. 285 n. 1.

Murdah Khab, Murdah Khasp, par ticular mode of sleeping of the Sipasians, I. 111.

Mumin, “right faith,” III. 262.

Murid, “he who wills,” III. 224.

Murtaza, “the Chosen,” title of Ali, II. 454 — collected the Koran, for which was however substituted another, compiled by Osman, 457.

Musa (Imám), his tomb — date of birth and death, I. 48 n.

Musa, a Jew, convert and disciple of Farzanah Bahram, I. 136, 137.

Musaylima, the founder of the sect of Sadikiahs, III. 1, 2 — once a Moslim—declares himself a prophet, 2 n. 1 — his miracles—his book—he is killed in battle, 3, 4 n. 1, 10 n. 1.

Múshteri, Jupiter, the director of the angels, and teacher of the system of Brahma, II. 44.

Mussa, son of Jafr Sadik, head of the Saffavean monarchs of Persia, II. 398 n.

Mutawakal, the tenth khalif of the Abbasides, orders Zardusht's cypress to be cut down, and to be transported from Kashmar to Baghdád, I. 307 — cut in pieces by his guards, 308.

Mutavel, “Commentary,” title of a work, III. 218 n. 5.

Nabhi chakra, a region of the human body, II. 132.

Nader, the sixth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta—its contents, I. 273 n.

Nafhat al Uns, “the fragrant Gales of Mankind,” a work of Jami, quoted, III. 96, 97 n. 1, 289.

Nafi, “negation,” I. 136.

Nagarikot, a fortress in Lahore, II. 109 n. 1.

Nagmeddin Ali Ben Omar al Kazvini, disciple of Naśir eddin, III. 217.

Nahid (Venus), represented in the form of a man, I. 38, 39.

Nahid-azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Najem eddin Ahu 'l Hassan Ali, son of Muhammed, surnamed Dabiran al Katebi al Kazvini, III. 218 n. 1.

Najem eddin Abu 'l Jenab Ahmed, son of Omar, III. 277.

Najf, burial-place of Alí, I. 47—its ancient name, 51.

Náin Javet, quoted hy the author of the Dabistán, III. 87, 89.

Nairrita, regent between south and west, II. 219.

Naisan, a Syrian month (April), also spring - rain — fabulous belief about it, II. 259 n. 2.

Nakd al Faśus, “the ready Money of Bezels,” work of Jâmi, III. 235.

Nakir, an angel visiting the dead, III. 153.

Nak shatras, twenty-seven stellar mansions, II. 83, 219.

Náma-Karana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 55.

Namaskara, “respectful salutation,” II. 235.

Nan, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Nanac, founder of the Sikh religion, II. 246—a Kchatriya—devoted to piety, 247, 248—his creed, 248, 249—favors the Moghul invasion —an anecdote of him, 249, 250, 251 — his poems, 252 — his children—where he died, 253 n. 2 — successors, 252, 253, 254—supposed to have formerly been Janaka, sovereign of Mithila — a legend of the latter, 255, 256, 261 to 267 — Nanak appeared successively in the four ages, 268, 269—for saving the former inhabitants of hell, whom he had once brought up to the world, 269.

Nânakî, sister of Nanak, II. 247 n. 1.

Nanac-Panthians, or Sikhs, II. 246.

Nánac-pautras, descendants of Nánac, extant in our days, II. 252, 253 n. 2.

Narain Dasi, a Ramanandi, II. 194.

Naráyana, name of God, II. 16 — of Vichnu, 17 — how represented, ibid.—the lotus rises from his navel, 217.

Narayanían, a sect of the Hindus, II. 232.

Narmedha, sacrifice of a man, II. 83 — practised by the Saktians, 155.

Narsinha, “Man-lion Avátar,” II. 21.

Nasír eddin (Khajah), the surname of Muhammed ben Hassan, or ben Muhammed al Tusi, II. 417 n. 2—is sent to Almut, 447—accompanies Rukn-eddin to the fort Maimundiz, 449 — instigates Holágu to march to Baghdád, 450— directs an assembly of philosophers and astronomers at Maragha, in Aderbijan, III. 114.

Naseb, Navaseb, name of a sect, II. 350, 354, 366.

Naser Khusro, a poet, quoted, II. 312.

Náśer Khusro (Amir), a learned poet, II. 419 n. 2.

Naser Motashem, lord of Kohistan, sends Khajah Nasir to Almut, II. 447.

Nasikh, “obliteration,” III. 149.

Nas'ir eddin Abu Said Abdalla ben Omar, III. 218 n. 6.

Náska, Nosk, book, treatise, chapter of the Zand-Avesta—twenty-one enumerated, I. 272, 273, 274, 275 n.—three additional expected, 275 n.

Nasudi, “husbandmen,” I. 20 n.

Natik, “speaker, legislator,” II. 403—seven Natíks enumerated, ibid. n. 1.

Natiri, a sect, II. 128.

Navágher, a fort of the Roshenian, III. 44.

Navand, “writer,” I. 157, 174.

Naubar, name of a Commander— his conduct on a march, I. 161.

Nauder, son of Minutheher, I. 88.

Náúroz, great festival on the first six days of the year, I. 268 and n. 1—commemorates several great

events of the world and of Persia, I. 268 and n. 1.

Náuzodi, a rite of the Parsees, I. 289 n. 2.

Náya, “ethics,” II. 66 n. 1.

Náyari, a sect, II. 128.

Nazar, the eighth king of the Péshdadians—its epoch, I. 52 and n.

Nazar, son of Montaśer, is superseded in the succession to the throne by his brother, II. 430.

Nazaratus, perhaps a name for Zoroaster, I. 277 n. 1.

Nazer Ushruf (Maulavi), editor of the printed edition of the Dabistán — his epilogue, III. 315 to 319.

Nehajat alekdam fi élm al Kelam, work of Sheheristaní, II. 323 n.

Nek Khoy, a person treated of in the Samrad Namah of Kámkar, I. 201.

Nerioseng, a genius, guardian of the germs of Zoroaster's posterity, I. 281 n.

Neriosengh, a Dostúr, translator of the Yasna into Sanscrit, I. 226 n.

Nezam Thanasir (Shaikh), II. 273.

Niaram, the sixteenth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta — its contents, I. 274 n.

Nicolaus, of Damascus, mentions Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.

Nigamana, “the conclusion in a syllogism,” II. 207 n. 4.

Nigraha, “subjugation, termination of a controversy,” II. 209 n. 5.

Nikudar Oglan, the first of Jengis Khan's successors who professed the Muhammedan faith, III. 119 n. 1.

Nimánujas, a class of Vairagis, II. 185.

Nirang, the world of superior bodies, according to the Sipasíans, I. 86.

Nirnéya, “ascertainment,” II. 208 n. 2.

Nirnudis, “rationalists,” a sect, I. 278 n.

Nirukta, explanation of difficult words, II. 65 n. 1.

Nisarian, “warriors,” I. 20 n.

Nish-Kramana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 56 n. 1.

Nívah-i-chaminah, “quitting and reassuming the body,” I. 85.

Niyama, “particular posture,” II. 125 n. 2, 126.

Niyátús, a Greek philosopher, interrogates Zardusht, I. 277, 278, 279.

Niyayish, form of prayer, I. 336 and n. 1.

Nizam al Mulk Tusi, II. 424 n. 2, 425—his connection with Hassan Sabah, 425, 428—his work, called his “Testament,” ibid. n. 1—is assassinated by Abu Táher Adani, a Fedáyi of Hassan Sabah, 437.

Nóusarí, a town in the district of Gúzerat, inhabited by fire-worshippers, III. 95.

Nukeba, “chosen,” III. 265 n.

Nuniar, “vision during sleep,” I. 84.

Nurakhi language, the Greek, I. 278 n.

Nurakhis, a sect, I. 278 n.

Núr allah, of Shoster, author of Mejálísu-'l Múminin, II. 451 n. 1; III. 1 n. 1.

Nur eddin, son of Miyen Bayezid, III. 42.

Nur eddin Muhammed Jehangir Padshah, appoints Hindu judges for the Hindus, II. 165.

Nuristan, region of light, I. 7.

Nushád, “law,” I. 15.

Nushirvan, king of Persia, I. 103 — account of his reign, 103, 104 n. 184—restores the aged world to youth, 266—praised for his justice, III. 60, 61.

Ohod, a mountain, half an hour's distance from Medina, III. 54 n. 1.

Ohsson (D'), quoted, III. 19 n. 257 n. 1, 259 n. 1, 260, 261 n. 1.

Oktáyi Khan, son of Jengis Khan, appointed Khalif, III. 115 — the countries which he ruled enumerated, ibid. n. 1 — his behaviour to his brother, who had offended him, 116 — date of his death, ibid. n. — was liberal and generous, 117.

Olshousen, editor of fragments relative to the religion of Zoroaster, I. 275.

Omar Ben al-Khetab, I. 98 — account of his deeds, reign, and death, 99 n. 1; II. 332, 341 — prevents Muhammed from writing a last will, III. 53.

Omar Khayám, of Nishapur (Hakim), II. 425 n. 1.

Omar Shaikh, son of Miyan Báyezid, III. 42.

Omm Hani, daughter of Abu Thaleb, III. 177 n. 2.

Ommiah, son of Abd-ul-Shems, ancestor of the great family of Mâaviahs, II. 361 n. 1.

Orcha, a place in the district of Narwar, III. 93.

Ormuzd (Hormuzd), the good principle opposed to the evil—statement concerning both, I. 235, 236 n. 354 n. 2.

Orobio (Isaak), a learned Jew, author of a remarkable work, II. 298 n. 1.

Oshederbámi, the first posthumous son of Zoroaster — epoch of his appearance and deeds, I. 281 n. —otherwise called Assar Avaster, 293 n. 1.

Oshedermáh, the second posthumous son of Zoroaster, epoch of appearance and deeds, I. 281 n. — otherwise called Ozwar túr, 293 n. 1.

Osman, I. 98—account of his deeds, reign, and death, 99, 100 n.; II. 332, 341 — calls from banishment Hakim, the son of As, III. 54, 55 —several blamable acts attributed to him, 55.

Osman, son of Said ul Umrul Asadi, the first Vakil of the invisible Imám, II. 384.

Onkelos, a Hebrew commentator of the Bible, quoted, II. 302.

Oweis, great Shaiks, III. 265 n.

Padiav, Pávyáb, “water, plain water,” I. 331 n. 1, 345—etymology of the word, ibid. n. 1.

Padma asan, “lotus-seat,” a particular position in praying, I. 78.

Pajem, the seventh Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 273.

Paikár, a sage from Iran, founder of a sect, his epoch, and opinion, I. 204.

Paikarian, a sect, I. 203.

Paikaristan, image-temples, I. 35.

Paikar Pazhuh, of the Paikarian sect, I. 204.

Paíman (Payman)-i-Farhang, “the code of Máhábad,” I. 33, 147— several translations of it, by whom made, ibid.

Pámárak, “sacrificial wood,” II. 80.

Pancha-homa, sacrifice of five goats, II. 83 n. 1.

Pancha Kalushani, five failings, II. 120 n. 6.

Panchala, one of the thirty-eight divisions of central India, II. 68.

Pancha tantra, five things, II. 57 n. 5.

Pandu Raja), the nominal father of the five Pandavas, II. 67, 68.

Pankila, the earthen vein, II. 132.

Panthi, tribe, sect, II. 128, 129 n. 1.

Pápîha, a bird, supposed to drink but rain-water, II. 259 n. 1.

Parama atma, necessary, self-existing Being, II. 96.

Paramátma, great Spirit, II. 96.

Parantarush, or Partarush, or Turbitarosh, name of a celebrated magician, I. 221 — his declaration concerning Zardusht, 221, 222—invited to a feast by Zardusht's father, 228, 229.

Parasara, father of Vyása, II. 67, 68 n. 1, 69.

Parasu Ráma, Ráma with an axe, the sixth Avátar of Vichnu, II. 23 — exterminator of the Kchatriyas, ibid.

Parbatah, a class of Sanyásis, II. 139.

Pari-dokht Roshenak (Parysatis Roxana) I. 278 n.

Pariksha, “evidence,” II. 203.

Paristar (Mobed), son of Khurshid, disciple of Azar Kaiván, and of Mobed Sarosh, author of The Taprah-i-Mobedi — his particular position at prayers, I. 123 — his death, 124.

Parvardigar-i-gunah, name of an angel, I. 7.

Parviz (Khusro), son of Hormuz, grandson of Nushirvan, I. 145— expelled from Persia—returns— marries Mary, or Shirin, the daughter of the Greek emperor Mauritius — his victories, defeats, death, 145 n. 2—his verses, addressed to the Roman emperor, quoted, 146.

Pásáyi, the name of a wind, II. 133.

Pashutan Daji (Dostur), brought the Sadder from Kirman to India, I. 310 n. 1.

Pátála loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 13— an infernal region, ibid. n. 2.

Pátanjala, the Yoga system of phílosophy, II. 165.

Patanjali, the Sage, founder of a philosophy and of a sect, II. 165 n. 6, 231 — his school and opinion, ibid. n. 1.

Patet Iran, a form of prayer, I. 342.

Patirasp, grandfather of Zardusht, I. 215 n,

Pavaj, a particular rite, I. 331.

Pavana bhakta, “worshippers of the wind,” II. 243.

Pavanáhari, “wind-eater,” II. 248 n. 2.

Pawn Pishna, a saint among the Tibetans, II. 290 —singular custom of succession, ibid.

Pausanius, mentions Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.

Pa-Zand, a dialect derived from the Zand, I. 223 n.

Philo, quoted, I. 209 n. 1.

Pend-nameh, III. 229 n. 1.

Perah Káivan, a Yezdanian and Vairági, II. 192—some of his speeches, ibid.

Perí, a class of Sanyásis, II. 139.

Pertábmal Chadah, a Jnaní, his dispute with Davárah, a Jat, II. 112 — his free speeches and actions, 113.

Peshkár (Mobed), son of Khurshíd, disciple of Azar Kaiván, adept in suppressing the breath, I. 124.

Petrus Nicolaus ex Castellaneis Faventinus, III. 207, 208 n. 1.

Phala, “fruit, consequence,” II. 205.

Phani, a serpent, II. 58 n. 5.

Pharâoh (Pharâun), II. 298—a mention made of a precept of his religion, III. 91 — his faith and character, 272 n. 1.

Píára Panthíán, a sect, II. 233, 234.

Píl Azar, a merchant of the Shidrangian sect, I. 203.

Pimasidim, a name for the sixth Gâhambar, I. 347 n. 1.

Pinda pradána, a rite of the Hindus, II. 58 n. 1.

Pirah-i-Yazdan, “the ornament of God,” I. 151.

Piránah Kohely, a Vaíragi, II. 194 —his opinion, ibid. 195.

Pisácha, demon, II. 72.

Pisácha-viváha, a form of marriage among Hindus, II. 72.

Pitishahim, the third Gáhambar, I. 347.

Pivar-asp, name of Zohak, I. 33 n.

Plato, shows a knowledge of Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.—quoted, 237 n. 1, 304 n. 1; II. 374 n. 2, 402 n. 2.

Pliny (H. N.), quoted, I. 218 n.— mentions Zoroaster's works, 224 n.—quoted, 244 n.

Plutarch, I. 209, 212 n.

Pokhtanga (Afghanistan), perhaps the country of the ancient Aspagani, III. 41 n. 1.

Pocock, quoted, II. 300, 323, 324, 327, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 375; III. 171 n. 1, 173 n. 2, 312 n.

Prahlada, son of Kiranya Kashipu, II. 21.

Prakriti, nature, II. 9—explained, ibid. n. 1—according to the Sankhya system, 119 n. 2.

Pralaya, catastrophe of the world, II. 51.

Pramána, “proof,” subdivided into four parts, II. 203.

Pramiti, “true knowledge,” II. 204.

Prana, “breath,” II. 133 n. 1.

Pranáyáma, peculiar mode of breathing during prayers, II. 125 n. 4, 126, 135.

Prapura paroksha, “absence from the former body,” I. 85.

Pratijná, “proposition in a syllogism,” II. 208.

Pratyáhára, “abstraction,” II. 125 n. 5, 126.

Pratyaya, “evidence,” I. 85.

Pravritti, “activity,” II. 204 n. 8.

Prayága, “place of pilgrimage,” II. 166 — five principal places so termed, ibid. n. 2.

Prayójana, “motive,” II. 207 n. 1.

Prester John, name given by Europeans to the king Awenk Khan, or Ung Khan, III. 119.

Prétya bhava, “reproduction,” II. 205 n. 3.

Prithivi bhakta, “worshippers of the earth,” II. 243.

Puchan-i-Púch, “the hell of hells,” I. 153.

Pujáris, worshippers of the image of a Deity, II. 213.

Pungsavana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 54 and n. 3, 55.

Puranas, II. 66 n.

Purshasp, son of Pitarasp, descended from Faridun, the father of Zardusht, I. 215.

Purva, the sixteenth day of the month, II. 86.

Purusha, the divine male, Brahma himself, the embodied soul, II. 119 n. 1, 120.

Pythagoras, instructed by the Magi, perhaps by Zoroaster, I. 277 n. 1 —placed in the time of Gushtasp, ibid. 278.

Quatremère (Étienne), quoted, II. 430 n. 2.

Rab-un-naw, name of an angel, I. 7.

Rád Gúnah, founder of the Radian sect, I. 201—his opinion, 202.

Rádah, one hundred Aspár, see Aspár, I. 25.

Radhâ Vallabhis, a sect of Vaichnavas, II. 182 n. 1.

Radian, a sect, I. 201.

Rafíah, poet quoted, I. 129.

Rafíah Mirzah, quoted, II. 109.

Rafiâ 'l Kader, III. 216.

Rafs, Ravafes, name of a sect, II. 350, 353, 365.

Rága, mental affection, II. 120— sensual lust, 205.

Rah beri, “Way-Guides,” name of occidental philosophers, III. 139.

Rahmániah, a name of the followers of Musaylima, III. 2.

Ráhu, a demon destroyed by Vichnu, II. 42 n. 1.

Rai, the most northern town of Jebal, supposed native place of Zardusht, I. 264.

Rai, town of Persia, II. 172.

Raja-yogi, a superior Yogí, II. 101.

Rajas, passion, one of the three properties, II. 14, 146, 176, 178.

Ráis sufid, “chieftain,” I. 176.

Rakshasa, explained, II. 17 n. 4.

Rákshasa-vivaha, a form of marriage among the Hindus, II. 72.

Ram, angel presiding over the twenty-first day of the month, I. 62 n.

Ráma Avátar, II. 23.

Ramachandra, II. 23 n. 2—son of Dasaratha — when born, ibid. 183 n. 1.

Ramachandra deo, raja of Orissa, causes an image of Durga to be cast by a goldsmith—legend concerning it, II. 161, 162.

Ráma-das, the third successor of Nanak, II. 253, 254, n. 3.

Rámánanda, founder of the sect of the Rámánandis, II. 180 n. 1.

Rámánandis, a sect of Vaichnavas, II. 180 n. 1, 181.

Rámánuja acharya, the founder of the sect of Rámánujas, II. 185 n. 1.

Ramanujas, a class of the Vairagis, II. 185 n, 1.

Ramazan, a fast of thirty days, III. 261 n. 1.

Ramazastan, or Ramzsitan, of Zardusht, work quoted, I. 569; II. 136.

Ram Bhot, a Hindu, becomes a disciple of the son of Farhad, I. 139—his prediction, ibid.

Ram Chand, a Kchatriya, disciple of Ram Bhot, I. 139.

Rámdais, “servants of God,” name given by the Sikhs to the deputies of their Gurus, II. 282.

Rang, the elementary world, according to the Sipasians, I. 86.

Rang-a rang, the world of the four elements, according to the Sipasians, I. 86.

Ras, the head of the dragon—a demon destroyed by Vichnu, II. 41, 42.

Rasakh, “firmness,” III. 150.

Rasan, a linear measure, I. 285 and n. 2.

Rasátála loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 13—an infernal region, ibid. n. 1.

Rasi, son of Muktedir Abasi, II. 384.

Rask, establishes the genuineness and antiquity of the Zand language, I. 223 n.

Rash-Rast, or Rashni Rast—his representation, character, functions, I. 287 and n. 1, 311.

Rast yug, the age of the righteous, its duration, II. 47.

Raushibár, name of a vein of the human body, II. 134.

Rauzat-us-safa, quoted, I. 33 n. 1, 192 n. 193.

Rauza-us-safa, work of Mirkhond, translated by D. Shea, I. 20 n. quoted, 243 n.

Ravaets, correspondence between the Dosturs of Persia and India, I. 224 n.

Ravákín, name of Oriental philosophers, III. 139.

Rawal Bundi, a town on the road from Panjab to Kabul, I. 203.

Ravana, sovereign of the demons— of Lanka, overthrown by Ráma, II. 23, 183 n.

Ravand, “courier,” I. 157.

Ráz, equal to one hundred Arádah, see Arádah, I. 25.

Razi ben al Khatib, abbreviator and commentator of Avisenna's work, entitled Shafa, II. 173.

Razvan, “the porter of heaven,” III. 155.

Refík, “follower,” distinctive name of the Ismâilahs, II. 436 n. 3.

Rehtishtáran, name of the second class of the people, I. 19 n.

Reiske, editor and translator of Abulfeda (quoted with Abulfeda).

Resalah vajudíah, or Resalah fel vujud, “Treatise upon Existences,” work of Jami, III. 221 n. 1.

Resh, angel presiding over the eighteenth day of the month, I. 62 n.

Reteshtai, the eighth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta — its contents, I. 273 n.

Reza (Imám), son of Musa, the eighth Imám, his mausoleum— date of his death, I. 48; II. 390.

Richi, a kind of saint, explained, II. 27 n. 2—seven classes of them enumerated, ibid.

Riccioli, quoted, II. 305 n. 2; II. 305.

Richardson, denies the authenticity of Zoroaster's works published in French, I. 223 n.

Rijez, a metre, III. 212 n. 1.

Rig-Véda, II. 64.

Rikat, “attitudes of devotion,” III. 260, 261.

Roham, a painter of the Milanian sect, I. 205.

Roseus (Franciscus), III. 207 n. 1.

Roshenian, a sect, III. 26.

Rozah, “fasting,” III. 262.

Roz-azar, name of a fire-temple, I. 52.

Roz-gah, place of assembly, I. 182.

Rozistan, “day-station,” I. 168, 182.

Rozistan, a place in which the king was seated, surrounded by his ministers, I. 43.

Rubúbiyet, “divinity,” III. 342 n. 1.

Rudbar, a fort in the province Jebal, II. 423 n. 1.

Rudra, a name of Mahadeva—eleven of them, II. 34, 218.

Ruhen mar, name of a vein of the human body, II. 134.

Rukn-eddin Khúrshah, son of Ala-eddin, the eighth ruler of the Alamutians, II. 448—vanquished by Holagú Khan — is sent to Maiku Khan (or Mangu Khan), 449 n.— killed on his journey, 450.

Rukva, bowing the head with the hands upon the knees, III. 260.

Rupa-skandha, “whatever is perceived and understood,” II. 197, 198 n. 3.

Rustam, a son of Zal, restores Kai Kaus to the throne — his epoch, I. 57 and n. 1, 110.

Rustam, a disciple of Kaivan—his descent — fight with Farzanah Khiradmand—death, I. 106, 107.

Rúya, vision during sleep, I. 84; II. 93.

Rúzistar, name of the fourth class of the people, I. 19.

Saâdah, a tract of Arabia, II. 332 n. 1.

Sâad eddin Taftarani, III. 218 n. 5.

Sâadias, a learned Jew, translator of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Arabic, II. 300.

Sabæism, worship of the heavenly bodies, I. 379—ancient and modern, III. 311 n. 312 n.

Sabda, “sound,” II. 203.

Sabiah (Sabæans), III. 310—derivation of the word, 310 n. 1— their creed, 311 n.

Sabjana (Sabjaní), III. 256, 265, 269, 270, 281, 282, 283, 299, 301, 302, 303.

Saber Mashedi, quoted, II. 140.

Sada, one of the six regions of the human body, II. 151.

Sada asana, peculiar mode of sitting, II. 134.

Sadah, the sixteenth night of the Persian month Bahman, I. 112 n. 2.

Sadah, a disciple of Hargovind, his character, II. 284, 285.

Sadananda, a chief of the Saktians —uses daughters and wives of his disciples—sits naked, drinking in a burial place, II. 159.

Sad-der, “hundred gates,” a summary of their contents, I. 310 to 351.

Sad-der nasem, in prose, I. 310 n. 1 —the original in Pehlvi.

Sad-der nazem, in verse, I. 340 n. 1 —by whom versified in Persian— when terminated — by whom brought to India—translated into Latin, ibid. n. 1.

Sadder Bundehesh, work written by a disciple of Zardusht, I. 224 n.

Sader eddin Kautivi, III. 300.

Sader Jehan, adopted the Ilahi religion, III. 104.

Sâdi (Shaikh), quoted, I. 108, 127; III. 126, 128, 229 n. 1, 269 n. 1, 301.

Sadik, true, sincere friend, or instructor—whose epithet, II. 412 n. 1, 413.

Sadikiahs, a sect, followers of Musaylima, III. 1—their creed, 4 to 11.

Sad-wakshur, name of Hushang, I. 32 n.

Sad-yuman (Sapet man), “excellent,” name of an ancestor of Zardusht, I. 215 n.

Safa, and Marvah, two remarkable rocks, near Mecca, II. 339 n. 409, 410 n.

Safandarmuz, the angel of husbandmen, I. 292.

Safiah, a name of the Ismâilahs, II. 421 n. 1.

Safin, a plain on the banks of the Euphrates, the field of battle between the armies of Mâaviah and Ali, III. 60 n.

Safina, freeman of Muhammed, II. 358 n. 1.

Sag díd, “the dog saw,” presenting a dog to a dying person, I. 335 n. 2.

Saha deva, son of Vyasa, a legend of him, II. 255, 268.

Saheban-i-kereb-i-ferais, “the masters of proximity to divine precepts,” a sect of Súfis, III. 294.

Sahi-din, “upright in faith,” I. 180.

Sahifah al Auliya, “Volume of the Saints,” work of Muhammed Nur baksh, I. 130.

Sahi Kesh, “flourishing faith,” I. 147.

Sahi Keshan, I. 241.

Sahu, “recovering from ebriety,” I. 85, 86.

Said, Abu-Muhammed Obaid alla, the founder of the Fatimite Khalifs in Africa, II. 401 n. — lays the foundation of a new capital, 418 n. 1.

Said ben Hebatallah, abridged and commented Avisenna's work, entitled Shafa, II. 173.

Said (Sayyad) Cabiru 'ddin, a master of the Sadikíyahs in India, III. 1 n. 1.

Said (Saiyid) Hasan of Shiraz, quoted, I. 90, 91.

Sâid Khan Terkhan, puts to death a son of Jelal-eddin, III. 47.

Saiva-Sanyasis, called also Avadutas, II. 218 — war between them and the Súfis, ibid.

Saivas, worshippers of Siva, II. 217.

Sajud, “prostration,” III. 260.

Sakah, Sijah, Thegjazis, names of the wife of Musaylima, III. 8 n. 1.

Sakar, a class of Sanyasis, II. 139.

Saklapes, see Serapis, III. 112.

Sakti, power, generic name given to women by the Saktians, II. 154.

Saktians, followers of Siva, of austere manners, II. 164.

Saktian, a sect of Hindus, their belief, worship, and customs, II. 148 to 168.

Sakti púja, profligate intercourse with women—worship of the Saktians, II. 153.

Sakunat, “dwelling in God,” III. 29, 37.

Salaimaniyat, a branch of the Zaydiyat, II. 363 n. 1.

Salam, a numerical quantity, equal to one hundred thousand, I. 24.

Salarbar, “usher with a silver mace,” I. 169.

Sale (George), translator of the Koran into English, quoted, II. 323, 325, 328, 330, 344 n. 1, 369, 404, 405, 453 n.; III. 76 n. 1, 80 n. 2.

Salikan, a class of Súfis, III. 251 n.

Salim, poet, quoted, I. 88.

Sama, tranquillity, II. 126.

Samadharanam, “fortitude,” II. 125 n. 8, 127.

Samadhi, deep and devout meditation, I. 85.

Samak Asur, stole the Veda, II. 18.

Samán Sálár, “head-steward,” to be accompanied by two supervisors and two recorders of occurrences, I. 155.

Samarah, a town in Chaldæa, I. 307 and n. 2.

Samartagans, the orthodox of the Hindus, II. 53.

Sama véda, II. 64.

Sameri, a magician, contemporary with Moses, III. 80—Aaron himself, ibid. n. 2.

Sami, sacrificial wood, II. 80.

Sampradaya, a sect, schism, particular doctrine, II. 186 n. 1.

Samrad, or Samwad, meaning of it, I. 195, 200.

Samradian, a sect, I. 195.

Samrad namah, work composed by Kamkar, I. 201—quoted, II. 98.

Samudras, seas, seven of them, II. 41.

Sanabad, town of Tus, there is the mausoleum of Imam Reza, I. 48.

Sanakaras, “incorporeal beings,” II. 237.

Sandebar, a cavern and miraculous spring, in Kachmir, II. 166, 167.

Sandhya, a rite of the Hindus, II. 61 n. 1.

Sangati, assembly of the Sikhs, II. 285.

Sanja nath, an adept in restraining the breath, lived seven hundred years, II. 138.

Sanicher (Saturn), son of the Sun, II. 38.

Sanjnya-skandha, “knowledge or belief arising from words,” II. 198 n. 1.

Sanishin, peculiar mode of sitting, described, II. 135.

Sankara Acharya, a sage, I. 276 n. 1.

Sankara acharya, an author upon

the Vedanta, II. 96, 102—maintains the universality of illusion, 103—preceptor of Saha diva, Raja of Kachmir, 141.

Sankara Vijaya, a work containing an account of various sects, II. 128 n. 4.

Sankhya (The) doctrine stated, II. 119, 123.

Sansaya, “discernment,” II. 206, 207.

Sanskara skandha, “whatever enters the mind,” II. 198 n. 1.

Sanson (D.), traveller in the East, I. 225 n.

Santanu, ancient king, son of Riksha, II. 67 n. 3.

Santarem (viscount), quoted, II. 307 n. 1; III. 87.

Sanyal, book of the Sipasians, II. 136.

Sanyasí, one who resigned the world, divided into ten classes, II. 139, 218—battle between Sanyasis, and Jelalis and Mandaris, 231.

Saónos, particular mode of sleeping of the Sipasians, I. 111.

Sapta chakra, seven circles of the Yogis, II. 131 — six chakras of Hindu philosophers, ibid. n. 1.

Sapt anshis, seven Richis, seven stars in the constellation of the Great Bear—name given to holes in a cavern, II. 167 — names of the seven Richis, 220 n. 4.

Sarabi, author quoted, I. 9.

Sarai, royal abode, I. 42.

Saraist, a particular rite of devotion, I. 123.

Sarang, the world of human beings, according to the Sipasians, I. 87.

Sarapréma, a state of beatitude, II. 95.

Sarat, bridge of judgment of the Muhammedans, I. 285.

Sardah, “primary genus,” I. 324.

Sarira, “body,” II. 204, 205.

Sarosh (Mobed), son of Kaivan, son of Kamkar, his lineage—conduct, I. 113—his works, supposed miracles, 114—causes rain to cease, phantoms to appear, 116.

Sarsash, a descendant from Zardusht, I. 232.

Sarsati, a class of Sanyasis, II. 139.

Sarud-i-Mastan, work of the Mobed Hushyar, quoted, I. 72, 76, 79; II. 136.

Sarúrak, or Saruregh, a tyrant, I. 314.

Sarush (Mobed), author of the Zerdusht Afshar, I. 77.

Sarúsh (Mobed), a Yazdanian—his account of Zardusht's origin, I. 213.

Sasan, five individuals of that name, their lineage, I. 87.

Sasan, the Fifth, the last of fifteen Persian prophets, I. 105—account of him, ibid. n.—his commentary on the Desatir, and the code of Zardusht quoted, 277.

Sasan (Azar), or the first son of king Darab the Less, I. 87.

Sastra, institute, science, II. 141.

Sathrah, “a Fakir,” II. 109.

Satra Payah, sphere of the fixed stars, I. 289.

Sattee, a widow burning herself with the corpse of her husband, her recompense after death, II. 75—in a future birth appears as a man, 76—not to be forced into fire, ibid.

Satva (Satek), one of the three properties, II. 14, 149, 176, 178, 180.

Saturn, description of his form, I. 35, 36.

Satyam, “truth,” II. 125.

Satya loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — abode of truth, ibid. n. 7.

Satyanath, a sect of Hindus, II. 128.

Satyavati, mother of Vyása, also called Yojana gandha, II. 67 n.

Satya yugam, the age of the righteous, II. 47 n. 1.

Sáut Mutluk, “absolute sound,” I. 81.

Sayah ban, and Sayah dar, umbrella, I. 19.

Schmidt (Isaak Jacob), II. 292 n. III. 113.

Schmölders (doctor), quoted, II. 391.

Seer, a measure of weight, II. 223 n. 2.

Sefand, the thirteenth Nosk of the Zand - Avesta — its contents, I. 274 n.

Selden, author quoted, I. 18 n.; III. 80 n. 2.

Selsebil, a source, sweet like clarified honey, in Gabriel's heavenly mansion, III. 190 n. 1.

Serapis, the sun of autumn — the Egyptian Chmun — Esculapius — has a serpent — is Osiris — Helios Serapis — Jupiter Serapis — his temples in different countries, III. 112 n. 1.

Serat ul mustakim, “the Right Road,” a work composed by Mujeddin Muhammed, son of Yakub, son of Muhammed Firozobadi, III. 94.

Serósh, Serúsh, Ized, or angel, etymology of his name, I. 7 n.— presiding over the seventeenth day of the month, 62 n. — his functions, 287, 288, 289.

Serud nath, an adept in restraining the breath, II. 137.

Sésha, the king of the serpent-race, II. 16 n. 2.

Setud-yesht, the first Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 272—its contents, ibid.

Seven, a sacred number, principally with the Ismáilahs, II. 400 n. 1.

Sevras, or Sravakas, name given to the Jains in different parts of India, II. 212 n. 1.

Sewras, pious mendicants, II. 195 n. 1.

Shabdiz, horse of king Parviz, I. 112 n. 3.

Shabistan, “night-station,” I. 168, 182, 187.

Shadbar, a Persian festival, I. 63.

Shad darsá, “six objects of the six senses,” II. 206.

Shádib, founder of a sect, his epoch —opinion, I. 207.

Shád Késh, a person mentioned in the Samrad namah, I. 201.

Shádmán (Mirza), a chief of the Házárahs, III. 43 n. 1.—wounds Miyan Jelal eddin, 44.

Shafa, a work of Avisenna, II. 173 n. 3.

Sháfâya, a Muhammedan sect, II. 355.

Shafei, surname of Muhammed Ebn Edris al Shâfei, the founder of a Muhammedan sect, II. 329 n. 350.

Shah abad eddin pur, place of pilgrimage in Kachmir, II. 166.

Shahádet, its meaning in the phraseology of the Súfis, III. 238 n. 4.

Shahbáb uddin Maktul (Shaikh), quoted, II. 45.

Shah Badakshi (Mawlana), III. 284.

Shaher dar, “governor,” I. 157.

Shah Jhuna, master of the Choharas, II. 245.

Shah Fattah ulla Shirazi (Hakim), establishes the new era of Akbar, III. 99.

Shah Jehan, opposes Hargovind, II. 275—sends an army against Harrayi, 282— is imprisoned by his son Aureng-zeb, III. 285 n. 1— date of his death, ibid. — his whole title, 296.

Shah Mir Kadarí, III. 284.

Shahnah, intendant of police, I. 157.

Shah - namah, poem of Ferdusi, quoted, I. 20 n. 31 n. 33 n. 50, 52, 55, 58, 163, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 213, 259 n. 344; II. 52, 130.

Shah namah naser, composed by some of the Magi, I. 213—quoted, 246, 255, 284.

Shah Nasir Khusrau, poet, his verses quoted, I. 365.

Shah ristan, work of Farzanah Bahram, quoted, I. 212.

Shah rivar, name of an angel and of a month, I. 61, 62—gives instructions to Zardusht, 242.

Shah Salám úlla, quoted by the author of the Dabistán, III. 137, 138.

Shah Zadah (The Dostur), author of the volume of Sad der, I. 310.

Shaí or Shayi, “God-worshipper,” I. 24.

Shai Giliv, son of Jai Alád, assumed the government, I. 24, 25, 88, 185.

Shai Mahbul, succeeds to the Shaíyán empire, I. 24, 25 — son of Shai Giliv, 88.

Shal grama, eagle - stone, II. 54 n. 2.

Shamar, a numerical quantity equal to one hundred salám, see Salám, I. 24.

Shams ed-doulah (or Samsamed dulah), the tenth prince of the Búyi dynasty, II. 172 n. 3.

Shamsen ul mali Kabus, son of Vashamger, king of Giorgia and other provinces, II. 170 n. 2— imprisoned by his ministers, 171.

Shamseyat, minor suns, II. 51.

Shamsiyah, the title of a work, III. 217 n. 1.

Sham-uddin, a surname of Shidab, author of a treatise entitled Razabad — a follower of the Akhshíyán doctrine, I. 208.

Shanderban Shah Jehani (Munshi), III. 286 n.

Shankar bhat, a Jnanindra, II. 107 —his conversation with a goldsmith, ibid.

Shapur, king of Persia, contemporary of Mani, I. 205 n. 1—and of Azarbad, I. 305 n.

Sharf-eddin al Busiri, author of the Arabic poem Borda, I. 2 n.

Sharh-i-ashk, “Commentary upon Love,” III. 241.

Sharh-i-Gulshen-raz, “Commentary upon Gulshen-raz,” III. 141 n. 3.

Sharh mahtaśer, “Abridged Commentary upon Gulshen-raz,” III. 237.

Sharh movákef, “Commentary upon the Stations (Theses of Metaphysics),” II. 379 n. 2.

Shat, a title of honor, I. 36.

Shat Desátir — its prayers recited by the Sipasians, I. 59, 60 — a comparison from that work quoted, 65.

Shat Kaivan, lord Saturn, I. 12.

Shat Mah, lunar lord, I. 12.

Shat Piráyi, name of a fire-temple in Baghdád, I. 51.

Shedad, a fabulous personage, contemporary of Jemshid, II. 459.

Shedosh, ancient chief of poets, III. 107 —resists the love of the queen Shuker — sues a woman, adorer of the sun, 108 — is afflicted with a malady—the king sends his wife to him—Shedosh resolves upon a self-sacrifice to the sun, 109 — remains safe in the midst of flames — recites his verses, confesses his fault, but asserts his respect for the queen, 110.

Shehad eddin Omar Sohrawerdi, quoted, III. 231 n. 2.

Sheheristâni, the surname of Al Fath Muhammed Ben Abdalkerim, a doctor of the Asharian sect, II. 322 n. 1. — date of his death — two of his works mentioned, 323 n. 1; III. 105 n.

Shekunah, an eastern part of Kohistan, II. 356.

Shemseddin Muhammed ben Yahya ben Ali Lahjani (Shaikh), III. 141 n. 3, 237, 279, 295.

Sherah-feśus, “Commentary upon the Bezels,” work of Dáus Kaiseri, III. 232 n. 1.

Sheriât, external law, III. 29, 35.

Sherif Khan Atcah, an enemy of the Roshenians, III. 44.

Shesh-kákh, Persian prayer to the stars and to fire, I. 79.

Shiâts, I. 101 n.; II. 324, 327, 362 —their creed, 364, 365, 366, 368.

Shí and láshi, “being and not being,” III. 223 n. 1.

Shidabian, a sect, I. 207.

Shidah, one of the compilers of the Testament of Jemshid, I. 195 — a travelling merchant of the Yekanah-binan sect, ibid.

Shidastan, region of light, I. 9.

Shídayi (Mulla), an eloquent Hindu and poet, II. 107.

Shidistan, abodes of the forms of the luminous bodies, I. 35.

Shidosh, son of Anosh, quoted, II. 51.

Shidósh, son of Anosh, recounts miracles, I. 117 — descended from Zardusht — disciple of Azar Kaiván, 125—his travels, mode of devotion, 126—vision, mode of life, 128 — sickness, 129 — his words quoted, 130 — his death, 131— verses on his death by the author of the Dabistán, ibid.

Shidrang, founder of a sect, I. 203 —his epoch and opinion, ibid.

Shídrangian, a sect, I. 203.

Shid Shídan, effulgence of light, I. 10.

Shikar-i-dad, “equity-hunt,” I. 185.

Shiráb, a follower of Mazdak's creed, I. 378.

Shirín, wife of king Parviz, I. 112.

Shir Muhammed Khan, governor of Kalinga, II. 70.

Shis, see Hermes, III. 105 n.

Shosteri (or Tosteri), surname of Abu Muhammed Sahal ben And, III. 147 n. 1, 236.

Shudah band, “recorder;” two to be attached to every vizir, I. 155.

Shumar Afin, rosary, I. 371.

Siátín, demons, III. 236.

Siddhanta, “demonstrated truth,” II. 207—is fourfold, ibid. n. 3.

Sifáti, “belonging to attributes,” a kind of divine manifestation, III. 270.

Sifátiah, attributists, II. 324 n. 4, 330.

Sigar-ul Mutakherin, by Mir Gholain Hussein Khan, quoted, II. 289.

Sikhs, followers of the religion of Nanak, II. 246 — their opinions, customs, character, 285, 288—a short account of them from 1664 to our days, 288 n. 1.

Sikshya, on pronunciation, II. 65 n. 1.

Silkh, “estrangement from exterior observances,” a term of the Ismâilahs, II. 406.

Silpa, “mechanics,” II. 65 n. 1.

Silvestre de Sacy (baron), quoted, II. 304, 390, 391, 400 n. 1, 404 n. 411, 421 n. 1, 432, 436, 444; III. 27, 64 n. 229 nn. 1, 2, 230 n. 2, 277 n.

Simaí, the universe, II. 13.

Simantónnayana, a rite of the Hindus, II. 55 and n. 1.

Simnad, chapter of the Zand-Avesta, I. 282, 283

Simúrgh (also called Enka), a fabulous bird, I. 55 and n. 1, 191 n. 1; III. 237.

Sinjar, the sixth Sultan of the Seljucides, sends an army against the Ismâilahs, II. 440 n. 1 — finds the dagger of an Ismâilah fixed in the ground near his bed, 440— makes peace with the Ismâilahs, 441 n. 1.

Sipasi, “adorers,” I. 147.

Sipasian, sect of the Persian religion — their tenets and ceremonies, I. 5, 6, 32, 33.

Siráj-eddin Ansari, an ancestor of Miyán Báyezid Ansari, III. 27 n. 1.

Sirát, “the bridge of the last judgment,” its allegorical signification, III. 151, 152.

Siroz, part of the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n.

Sitá, the daughter of the king of Mithila, wife of Rámachandra, II. 23—carried away by Rávana, recovered by her husband, ibid. n. 3.

Sítanú, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Situd gher, the second Nosk of the Zand-Avesta—contains an interpretation of a tree of four branches seen in a vision by Zardusht, I. 265 n. 1 — its general contents, 272 n.

Siva rátri, Siva's night, II. 58 n. 4 —his followers bound to drink wine on that night, 164 n. 1.

Siva, the destroyer of existences, II. 4—whence he proceeded, 14.

Siyamak, king and prophet, I. 30, 31 — a tradition concerning him, 54 — his words quoted, 69—son of Kaiomors, 88.

Siya Zhup, “the three weights or blows,” a mode of invoking God, I. 77.

Smartas, see Samartagans, II. 53.

Smriti sastra, the written law, II. 165.

Smriti, Hindu institutes, II. 88.

Sodarshan, nephew and pupil of a great anonymous Jnání, II. 105.

Sohail, the star canopus, the same as Agastya, a saint, II. 34.

Solinus, quoted, I. 218 n.

Sómana, the lunar vein, II. 132.

Sonnat, Sonnites, explained, II. 324 n. 1 — their creed, 332, 333, 334.

Sosiosh, the third posthumous son of Zoroaster — epoch of his appearance and deeds, I. 282 n.

Srikakul, the capital of Kalinga, II. 3.

Sri Kanta, a learned Kachmirian, II. 164, 165.

Srivaras, a class of Buddhists, II. 212.

Stephanus, I. 171.

Sthúla sarira, elementary body, II. 176 n. 2, 177 n.

Stone (black), emblem of Saturn, I. 49 and n.

Strabo, author, quoted, I. 17 n. 209 —mentions Zoroaster's works, 224 n.—quoted about the barsom, 319 n. 2, 340 n. 1.

Sva-bhavah, the self-existing, II. 13.

Svámi préma, a state of beatitude, II. 95.

Svapna, vision during sleep, I. 84.

Svapna avast ha, the state of sleep or dream, II. 92.

Svayuktí, a state of beatitude, II. 95.

Subahani, his verses quoted, I. 195.

Suchi, purity, II. 126.

Sud (Sudi, Sudin), name of the fourth class of the people, I. 19.

Sudarhsan Kal, a Jnanindra, II. 107.

Sud bar, intercalary days of the Persians, I. 62.

Sudras, the fourth class of the Hindus, their destination, II. 49.

Sufiahs, Sufis, derivations of the word, III. 220.

Súfis (Muhammedans), divided into fourteen families, their names, II. 221.

Sufi uddin, the ancestor of the Safavean dynasty, their origin, 52 and n. 6.

Sugriva, chief of savage tribes, called monkeys, ally of Ráma, II. 23 n. 3.

Suhrab, one of the compilers of the testament of Jemshid, I. 195—a travelling merchant of the Yekanah-binan sect, ibid.

Suja, son of Shah Jehan—obliged by Aureng-zeb to fly to Arrakan, where he dies, III. 285 n. 1.

Suidas, quoted, I. 212 n. 224 n.

Sukha, “sensual delight,” II. 206.

Sukla pakcha, the light half of a month, II. 20.

Sukhá sváda, enjoyment, I. 85.

Sukshma śarira, rudimental body, II. 177 n.

Sultan Khajah, buried according to the old Persian mode, III. 102.

Súm, “fasting,” how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, II. 408.

Sumbul, town where the Kalki-Avátar is to take place, II. 24.

Su-Meru, mountain of gold, abode of celestial beings, II. 41—account of it, ibid. n. 1 — residence of Brahma, 260 n. 1.

Sumitra, son of the Ray of Kalinga, held Akas to be space, II. 39.

Sun, description of his form, I. 38.

Sun, the issue of Kaśyapa, II. 38— twelve suns, 35, 218 — attributes and adoration of the sun, 235— prayer to him, 236 n. 237—Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Sunai, author quoted, I. 88, 110; II. 26.

Suraj nath, an adept in mastering the breath—lived not less than seven hundred years, II. 138.

Sura loka, the heaven of Indra, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12— one of three spheres, 13.

Suras, gods, whirl the ocean, II. 42 n. 1.

Suristar, name of the third class of the people, I. 19.

Sûrwar (Sûryar), a particular sect, II. 241 — kill strangers, 242.

Surúsh manish, seraph-hearted, I. 180.

Surya-makhan, worshippers of the sun, II. 235—two classes of them, 237—their conduct and opinion, 238, 239.

Susvapna, revelation during sleep, I. 84, 85.

Su svapna avasťha, “the state of good sleep,” II. 93 n. 1.

Sutála-loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12—an infernal region, n. ibid. 10.

Sútra, thread, a rite of the Hindus, II. 56.

Swarga loka, heaven, II. 237.

Swádishthanam, umbilical region, II. 131 n. 1, 150.

Swetakéta, pronounces an imprecation against adulterous women, II. 69.

Syncellus, I. 33 n. 1.

Tábiâyah, “physiologists,” III. 308.

Tabkat Náserí, “the degrees of Naśer,” a work of Naser eddin Túsi, III. 114 n. 1.

Tabsar, window, place of observation in a lofty pavilion for the king, I. 42, 43, 168.

Tabúk, a place situated about half-way between Medina and Damascus, III. 56 n. 1.

Taherir, writings (of Euclid), III. 218.

Tahlil, “praise of God,” III. 35.

Tahmúras, son of Hushang, king and prophet, I. 30, 31—a saying of his quoted, 73, 88.

Táj eddin (Shaikh), son of Shaikh Zakria Jondeheni Dahluvi, expounder of mystic doctrine, III. 91.

Tajeli, “a transitory vision,” III. 269 n. 1.

Tajerid, “divestment of what is accessory,” III. 218 n. 2.

Tajik, a tribe of a mixt origin—their habitations — enemies of the Rosheniah, III. 48 n.

Takash teghin, the Atabek, or lieutenant-general of Persia, supports Barkiarok, II. 438 n. 1.

Takbir, “pious exclamation,” III. 259.

Takwiyat mâni, “the strengthening of sense,” III. 263.

Talamites, a name of the Ismâilahs. II. 42 n. 1.

Talátala loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — an infernal region, ibid. n. 11.

Talbiyat, “pilgrimage,” II. 409 — the principal rites and ceremonies performed by the pilgrims at Mecca enumerated, ibid. n. 3, 410. n.

Talkhís al Meftah, “Explanation of the key,” title of a work, III. 218 n. 5.

Tamas, darkness, ignorance, one of the three properties, II. 14, 149, 176, 178.

Tamlik, “hereditary property,” III. 52.

Tamma, a Brahman, II. 67.

Tamud, a tribe of Arabs, II. 369.

Tamujin, or Temuz Khin, original

name of Jengiskhan, I. 160 n. 1, III. 112.

Tanásokh, “transmigration,” III. 277.

Tanmatra, elementary matter, II. 177 n.

Tanzil, revelation from heaven, II. 411 n. 1.

Tapa loka, one of the fourteen spheres, II. 12 — the abode of ascetics, ibid. n. 6.

Tápasa, devout austerity, II. 126.

Tapasya, penitents, II. 239 — their practices and opinion, 240, 241.

Taprah-i-Mobedi, “the sacerdotal kettledrum,” work of Mobed Paristar, I. 123.

Tarab, a distinguished Váhadi — killed by Abás, III. 23, 24.

Tara lochana, a Brahman belonging to the Saktians, II. 157 — his relations with Ahsen ulla, the governor of Kachmir, ibid. 158.

Tarbávaśtha, the moving state, II. 94.

Tarikat, “religious rule,” III. 35.

Tarka, science of dialectics, II. 203 —divided into sixteen parts, ibid. arguing, 208 — translated into Greek by order of Alexander, 210.

Tarka-Sástra, logic and dialectics, II. 165.

Tarnak nath, a sect, II. 128.

Tarsa, a Christian, etymology of the word, II. 305.

Tasbih, rosary, III. 35, 36.

Tashah hud, “ritual profession of religion,” III. 260.

Tashbiáh, “assimilators,” a Muhammedan sect, III. 350, 401.

Tâtil, Tatilian, “the indifferent,” a Muhammedan sect, II. 350, 351 n. 401.

Tatva, reality, truth, II. 11 n. — intellect, 16.

Tatwas (categories) of the Sankhya philosophy, twenty-five of them enumerated, II. 122.

Tavalji Khan Beg, besieges and takes the fort Bahar, II. 164.

Tavernier (J. B.), traveller in the East, I. 225. n.

Táwil, the allegorical sense of the Muhammedan doctrine, II. 411.

Tawrit, “the Old Testament,” II. 340 III. 50.

Tayir Bahader, a general of the Moghuls, besieges the fort Arak in Sistan — a plague among the Moghuls, III. 117.

Tazkerah, “commemoration,” work of Naśir eddin, III. 218 n. 4.

Tazkeret-ul awlia, “The History of Saints,” a work of Ferid eddin Attlar, III. 96 n. 1.

Tchechshúnesh, an ancestor of Zardusht, I. 215 n.

Thales Milesius, quoted, I. 205 n. 1.

Thávesar (Sthátáras), name of Sanyásis, standing upon one leg, II. 148.

Theopompus, shows a knowledge of Zoroaster's works, I. 224 n.

Tholuck (F. A. D.), quoted, I. 82; III. 241 n. 2, 291 n. 1.

Tedlis, “artifice,” a term of the Ismâilahs, II. 406.

Tegh Bahader, successor to the Guru Har Krichna of the Sikhs, II. 288 n. 1—put to death by the Muhammedans, ibid.

Temiram, name of Mercury, I. 39 n.

Tersún Badakhi (Mulla), quoted by the author of the Dabistán, III. 104.

Timarí, one appointed to protect the helpless, such as children and the infirm, I. 173.

Timsar, a title of honor, I. 36.

Tímúr, name of a year and a month, I. 28.

Tir-azar, a fire-temple, I. 47.

Tinab, vision during sleep, I. 84.

Tir (Mercury), description of his form, I. 39.

Tir, name of an angel and a month, I. 61, 62 n.

Tirah (mountains of), perhaps the district of the ancient Thiræi, III. 41 n. 1.

Tirah Késh, a person of the Radian sect, I. 203.

Tirth, place of pilgrimage, II. 166.

Tirthah, a class of Sanyásis, II. 139.

Tohfat ol ebrar, “a present offered

to the Pious,” work of Jâmi, III. 220 n. 1.

Torru, of Busáwárí, a Mobed in Guzerat—his opinion about Zardusht's native place, I. 263, 264.

Touhid, “coalescence with God,” III. 36.

Treta yugam, the second age of the Hindus—its duration, II. 47.

Trikarana, three causes, the three chief deities, II. 17.

Tripujas, worshippers of the three kingdoms of nature, II. 243.

Trismegist, see Hermes, III. 106 n. 1.

Trisula, trident, weapon of the goddess Durga, II. 163.

Tuba, “the tree of heaven,” III. 158 n. 1.

Tulasi, a small shrub, II. 184 n. 2.

Tuli Khan, fourth son of Jengis Khan, rules the kingdoms Khorassan and Kabul — dies soon after his father, II. 449 n.; III. 116 n.

Tunadil, fierce demon, I. 180.

Tundbar, noxious animals, I. 20.

Turbaratur, or Turbaraturhash, a Turk, kills Zardusht, 371 — is consumed by the splendor of the prophet's rosary, 372.

Turbaraturas, or Tur - Bratur, or Turi-Brátush — variations of Parantarush, the name of Zardusht's enemy, I. 314.

Turkan Khatun, wife of Malik Shah — her contest with Barkiarok, her step-son, for the succession of her own son, Mahmud, to the throne, II. 438 n. 1.

Turner, author of “Embassy to China,” quoted, II. 292.

Tus (town), by whom built, I. 52 — two towns of that name, II. 365 n. 1.

Tutianush, a Greek philosopher, interrogates Zardusht, 227 n. 1, 280 n.

Tyagî, one who abandons all exterior things, II. 240.

Tyrhoot, a district in the province of Bahar, II. 261.

Vád, measure of time, I. 14.

Váda, “discussion,” II. 208.

Vahadiahs, a sect, followers of Vahed Mahmud, III. 12—their tenets, 14 to 16—their customs, speeches, traditions, 18 to 22.

Vahashtusht, the fifth additional day of the Persian year, I. 62.

Vahedet mahs, “unmixed unity,” III. 283.

Vahedet-i-mokam, “solitariness of station,” III. 222.

Vahed Mahmud, head of a sect—his birth, III. 12 — placed in perfection above Muhammed, 13 — his system of the creation of the world, 17, 18.

Vaidya vidya, the medical science, II. 165.

Vaikúnta, the heaven, or world, of Vichnu, II. 178 n.

Vairag, a sect of Hindus, II. 128.

Vairagis, a sect of ascetics, II. 184.

Vaisakha, April-May, II. 21.

Vaisya, the third class of the Hindus — their destination, II. 49.

Vakam, wrong way of worship, II. 155.

Vakshur, “prophet,” III. 209.

Vali, “a saint,” III. 264 n. 1.

Valid, son of Akba Abd-ullah, son of Sád, son of Abi Serh, III. 56.

Vamana, Dwarf-Avátar, II. 21—an account of it, 22 and n. 1.

Vans Kennedy, quoted, III. 83 n. 1.

Vanyasîs, “inhabitants of woods,” II. 241.

Vard, a measure of time, I. 14.

Varuna, regent of the West (Paśchima), II. 219.

Vásálet, “union with God,” III. 29, 36, 37.

Váśilan, a class of Súfis, III. 250 n. 1.

Vasishta, a holy sage, II. 27—his birth, ibid. n. 1 — instructor to Rama, 28.

Vásuki, sovereign of the snakes, II. 19.

Vattier, translator of the logic of Avisenna, III. 176 n. 1.

Váyu, regent between north and west, II. 219.

Vayu-purana, quoted, II. 14 n. 3.

Vazu, “ablution,” how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, II. 408; III. 259.

Udaharana, “the instance in a syllogism,” II. 207 n. 4.

Udámvara, glomerous fig-tree, II. 80.

Udana, pulsation in the head, neck, and temples, II. 133 n. 1.

Udásîs, ascetics, II. 241.

Véda, the generic term for the sacred writings of the Hindus, II. 5 and n. 1 — enumeration of the four Védas, 64, 65 n. 1—the constituent parts of a Véda, ibid.

Védaná-skandha, sentiments excited by pleasing or unpleasing objects, II. 198 n. 1.

Vedata, II. 65 n. 1—defined, 142.

Vedanta sara, work quoted, II. 10 n. 1.

Vedantians, followers of the Vedanta, II. 90 — substance of their creed, 90, 96.

Vehest Mantsre, the third Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 272 n.

Vendidad, part of the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n.

Vendidad Sadè, collective name of three works belonging to the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n.

Vendidad, the twentieth Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 275 n.

Veshap, Veshtasp, the eleventh Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, its contents, I. 274 n.

Vèzhahderun, “internally pure,” title of Súfis, III. 221.

Vichnu, the Preserver, II. 4—whence he proceeded, 14—account of his nature and character, 175, 176— four-armed, 217 — his weapons, ibid. — one thousand Vichnus, 218.

Vichnunath deo, Raja residing in Naranya-pur — by orders of Durga, sacrifices men, II. 162.

Vijnnyána-skandha, “intelligence,” II. 198 n. 1.

Vidura, son of Vyasa, II. 68.

Vidya-skandha, “what is perceived by senses,” II. 197.

Vilayet, “holiness,” III. 264.

Viraf-nameh, Persian poem, by a disciple of Zardusht, I. 224 n.

Viraf-nameh, a poem, in Zand, in Pehlevi, and Persian, in verse and prose, by different authors, English translation of it, I. 285 n. 1.

Viraj, the primeval and universal manifested being, II. 37.

Vispe Khirad, “the knowledge of every thing,” I. 316 n.

Vispered, part of the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n.

Vispered, a part of the fifteenth Nosk, I. 316 n.

Visvamitra, a Kshatriya saint, becomes a Brahman, II. 220 — his speech to Rama chandra, 256 to 260, 266 to 268.

Visuddham, the hollow between the frontal sinuses, II. 131 n. 1.

Vitala-loka, one of the fourteen regions, II. 12—an infernal region, ibid. n. 9.

Vitanda, “controversy,” II. 208 n. 5.

Vitruvius, quoted, I. 205 n. 1.

Viváhah, matrimony, II. 57 — five forms of marriage enumerated,

71, 72—eight forms of Manu, 71 n. 1.

Vizhak, “local director” of a king's private property, I. 155.

Ulemai Islam, work written by a disciple of Zardusht, I. 224 n.

Ulviahs, a sect of Ali Ilahians, II. 457 n. 1—their creed, 458.

Umaviyah, a sect, II. 356.

Umer Khakani (Hakim), quoted, II. 51.

Umer Khiyam, quoted, III. 151.

Vojud, “existence,” III. 223.

Upanaya, “the application in a syllogism,” II. 207 n. 4.

Upangas, four of them, II. 66 n.

Upanishad, II. 65 n. 1.

Upavedas, II. 65 n. 1—four enumerated, ibid.

Upèksha, endurance, patience, II. 121.

Uraman, a peculiar manner of reading Pehlavi poetry, I. 63.

Urfi, of Shiraz, author quoted, I. 6, 96, 129; II. 158.

Uria, sent to death by David, II. 298.

Vrittaya, qualities, II. 121.

Usam (Mulla), III. 219.

Ustuvar, “supervisor,” two of them attached to every vizir, I. 155.

Utáred (Mercury), the son of the regent of the moon, II. 39.

Utarini, a Telinga word for a sort of sacrificial wood, II. 80.

Uweis Karni, the founder of a monastic order, III. 19.

Vyakarana, grammar, II. 65 n. 1.

Vyana, wind, expanding through the whole body, II. 133 n. 1.

Vyasa, son of Parasara, his works, II. 67 n. 2, 68, 220.

Uttara Mimansa, II. 4 n.

Waj-péya, sacrifice of three goats, II. 82 n. 3.

Wakhtar, “the East,” I. 323.

Wakia naviz, “news-writer,” I. 157.

Wakshur-i-simbari, surname of Zaratusht, I. 30.

Wakt, “time,” its technical signification, III. 231 n. 2.

Wali, or Shah Wali Ullah, also Shems Wali Ullah, an author of Hindustani poems, edited in Paris, 1834, II. 114, 115 n. 2 — his Persian verses quoted, 115, 116.

Wankawish, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Warakt and Khurah-i-Yazdan, light of the Almighty, I. 290.

Ward, author of a work on the Hindus, quoted, II. 22, 27, 41, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73.

Wasel Ebn Ata, founder of a Muhammedan sect, II. 325.

Wazda, name of a Nosk of the Zand-Avesta, I. 275.

Werka ben Nafil, cousin of Khadija, translator of the Old and New Testament from Hebrew into Arabic, II. 300.

Wilson (Horace), quoted, II. 10, 11, 18, 19, 27, 34, 53, 54, 97, 68, 71, 80, 82, 114, 119, 122, 128, 166, 179, 180, 181, 191, 219, 223.

Xenophon, quoted, II. 37 n. 1.

Yad Afraz, rosary, 371.

Yahuds, Jews, their religion, II. 293 to 299.

Yajna, sacrifice, II. 79 n. 1—mode of sacrificing a goat, 80, 81—in which months to be offered, 83.

Yajno pavita, “sacrificial cord,” II. 57 n. 3.

Yajúsh Véda, II. 64.

Yâkub (Shaikh), a grammarian of Kachmir, quoted, III. 92.

Yâkub Tarfani (Tarkhani), II. 349, 355.

Yama, religious restraint, II. 125 n. 1.

Yáma, regent of the South (Dakshina), II. 219.

Yarshanom (for Barashnom) a sort of purification, I. 325, ibid. n. 2.

Yasan, son of Shai Mahbul, I. 24, 25, 88—succeeds to his father in the government, 26.

Yásan Ajam, the last king of the Yasanian dynasty—etymology of Yasan, I. p. 26, 181.

Yasht, a Zand word, signifying prayer, devotion—its etymology, I. 258 n. 1 — explanation of it, 312 n. 2.

Yasna, the Zand name of a part of the Zand-Avesta—French translation of it, under the Pehlvi name, lveshne, revised and commented, I. 226 n.—double edition of the lithographed text of this work, ibid.

Yatha ahu virio, the three first words of a prayer, I. 272.

Yatis (Jatis), pious mendicants, II. 195 n. 1 — a distinguished class among Buddhists and Jainas, 212, 213, 241.

Yazadian, Yazdanian, a sect of the Persian religion, I. 6.

Yazdanian, “godly,” how otherwise called, I. 147.

Yazdan Sitai, disciple of Mobed Sarosh, causes rain to fall, I. 115— other supposed miracles of his, 116, 117, 118.

Yazid, son of Mâaviah, II. 358 n. 1, 359 n. 1—descends from Pharaoh, III. 21.

Yekanah bin, “seers of thirty,” a sect, I. 123, 193.

Yeshts Sades, part of the Zand-Avesta, I. 225 n.

Yezdejird, son of Sheriar, the last of four Persian dynasties — duration of their reigns, I. 30, 31.

Yoga, devotion, with other significations, II. 124 n. 3, 127.

Yogi, a devotee, II. 100, 101, 127.

Yojana, a measure of distance, II. 10 n. 2.

Yojanagandha, wife of Parasara, mother of Vyása, II. 67, 68.

Yudishťhira, worshipper of the sun, III. 111—the sun appears to him, provides him with food for twelve years, by means of a miraculous kettle, ibid. n. 1.

Yugmakam, sacrifice of two goats, II. 82.

Yusef, a man of the tribe of Durds, a Sanyasi, III. 304 — his vision, 305—his miraculous powers, 306, 307.

Yusefzei, a wild tribe in Kabul and Peshaver, III. 48 n.

Zab, son of Nauder, I. 87.

Zabratus, perhaps a name for Zoroaster, I. 277 n. 1.

Zád, measure of time, I. 14.

Zafer Khan ibn Khaja, Abul Hasen Taramzi, governor of Kachmir— his connexion with Tara-lochana —obliged to quit Kachmir, retires to Kabul, and Lahore, II. 158.

Zaherah, “Venus,” Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Zaid, son of Ali, son of Zain el-abeddin, the founder of the Zaydiyat sect, II. 363 n. 1.

Zakaria (Moulana), his conversation with Báyazid, III. 32, 33.

Zakat, “alms,” how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, II. 408; III. 35.

Zakum, “the tree of nature,” III. 159.

Zamiad, angel presiding over the twenty-eighth day of the month, I. 62 n.

Zamini-Serush, terrestrial angel, I. 9.

Zanab, the tail of the dragon—a demon destroyed by Vichnu, II. 41, 42.

Zanadil, “benevolent,” I. 180.

Zanar, a thread, I. 66 n. 1; II. 53.

Zand, an ancient language, in what countries spoken, I. 223 n.

Zand-Avesta, work of Zoroaster, I. 222 — various interpretations of this word, ibid. n. 1—translated into French, and German, 223— five books enumerated to which this name properly belongs, 225 n.—when written, ibid.—quoted, 7, 18, 31, 149, 193, 213, 214, 216, 223, 232, 236, 241, 257, 258, 264, 265, 268, 280, 282, 283, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 297, 310, 319, 321, 325, 331, 332, 334, 335, 346, 347, 357, 358; II. 26, and elsewhere, the chief authority concerning Zoroaster's religion.

Zarbád, descendant from Zardusht, disciple of Azar Kaivan, I. 125.

Zaratusht, prophet, I. 30.

Zaratusht Bahram (Mobed), author of Zaratusht-namah, his account of Zardusht's birth, I. 214, 215— son of Pazhdu, 276.

Zardusht, the variations of his name in different languages enumerated, I. 211 — various epochs attributed to him, 212, 213 n.— his legendary origin, 213 — various opinions about his ancestors, 215 n. 1 — he laughed on coming into the world, 218—escapes destruction in all the attempts of the magicians to destroy him, 219, 220, 221, 226, 227—his conduct in his fifteenth year, 229— in his thirtieth year travels towards Iran; his adventures on the road, 229, 230, 231 — beholds a vision, ibid. — is visited by the angel Bahman, and transported to heaven, 232, 233 — explanation of the vision, 234 — Zardusht converses with God, 235, 236, 237— sees Ahriman in hell, ibid.—delivers a person from bell, ibid. n. — undergoes severe trials, 238.— receives a mission to king Gushtasp, 239—on his return receives a flock to be protected, 240—further instructions from several angels, 241 — puts the magicians to flight by reading one chapter of the Zand-Avesta, 244—destroys two kings rejecting his doctrine, 245—arrives at the court of king Gushtasp, 245—his access and reception, ibid. n. 246 — plants a cypress before the king's palace,

246 n. — refutes and confounds the sages around the king, 247, 248 — presents and reads the Zand-Avesta, 249, 250—scheme of the philosophers against him, at first successful, 251, 252 — offers to cure the king's palsied charger under conditions, to which the whole royal family submits, to adopt his faith, 253, 254 — his innocence proved, his enemies punished, 254, 255 — cures and converts Lohrasp and Zerir, 255 —prays God to grant four wishes to Gushtasp, 256—is declared a prophet by four angels before the king, 257, 258—causes Gushtasp to ascend to heaven, 259 — distributes hallowed milk to several persons, ibid.—recites some sections of the Zand to Gushtasp, who orders the fire-worship to be established in every city, 260— Zardusht explains to the king his prophetic mission—equal to that of Muhammed, who acknowledges it in the Koran, 260, 261, 262 — Zardusht's native country and town, 263 and n. 1, 264—his request of immortality, not granted, 264 — on tasting something like honey in heaven, he sees in a vision hell, and a tree with seven branches, 264, 265—explanation of it, 266, 267—on the termination of the millenium, many evils predicted, 268, 269—mixed with some consolatory events, 270, 271 —is killed by a Turk, 371—abstract of his doctrines, 379—principal epochs of it, 380.

Zardusht namah, a Persian poem, I. 213 n. 224 n.

Zarvam akarene, “boundless time,” the parent of the two principles, good and bad, I. 326 n. 354 n. 2.

Zati, “essence,” a kind of divine manifestation, III. 270.

Zatk and fatk, “the shutting and opening,” III. 169.

Zaydiyat, a Muhammedan sect, II. 363—divided into three principal branches, ibid. n. 1.

Zehel, “Saturn,” Muhammed's arrival at it, III. 247.

Zehir-eddin Muhammed Baber, II. 246—short account of him, ibid. n. 2 — his Memoirs, 247 n. — his four expeditions towards India, 249 n. 2 — conquers India, III. 27.

Zeinah (Zenobia), wife of Zaid — enamors Muhammed—is divorced from Zaid and married to Muhammed, III. 59 n. 1.

Zeman baig, III. 216.

Zemzem, sacred well at Mecca, III. 14 n. 1—an emblem of the sun, 168.

Zena, “coit,” how interpreted by the Ismâilahs, II. 408.

Zerdusht Afshar, work of Mobed Surush, quoted concerning a position of a devotee in praying, I. 77, 80.

Zerir, brother to king Gushtasp, cured of a disease and converted by Zardusht, I. 255.

Zering Goash, a dog in hell — his action, I. 287 n. 2.

Zikádah, the eleventh Arabian month, I. 46.

Zilhajah, an Arabian month, III. 257,

Zindbar, innoxious creatures, I. 20.

Zohak, his epoch and empire, I. 33 n.—his two serpents, 55.

Zohrah (Venus), the son of Bhrigu, II. 39 — the director of the demons, author of sciences and religions of the Barbarians, 44.

Zoroaster (see Zardusht), the principal events of his life, in chronological order, I. 280 n.

Zo ul narain, surname of the khalif Osman, I. 98, 100 n.

Zu 'l-Ulum, “master of sciences,” title of Kaivan, I. 101, 102.