A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS BY EUROPEAN SCHOLARS WHICH DEAL WITH THE VARIOUS MATTERS TREATED OF IN THIS VOLUME

Only such Oriental works as have been translated into some European language are, as a rule, mentioned in this place; but the names of all those mentioned in the text are entered in the Index in italics, those actually cited being further marked by an asterisk. Many of them exist only in manuscript; and the extent to which these manuscripts can be consulted depends on the rules governing the various Libraries where they are preserved. Nearly all the great Continental Libraries are extremely generous in this matter, and freely lend their treasures to other Libraries, or even to individual scholars. Of English public Libraries, those of the India Office and the Royal Asiatic Society are the most liberal; next comes the University Library of Cambridge, then the Bodleian. The British Museum absolutely refuses, to the great detriment of scholarship, to lend manuscripts under any conditions whatever; and one or two English libraries possessing valuable col­lections of Oriental manuscripts even put difficulties ín the way of scholars who wish to consult the manuscripts on the spot. Of private collectors it would be unjust not to mention especially the extraordinary liberality of Lord Crawford, to whom the author of this book is under great obligations. Most unfortunately his fine collection of Oriental manuscripts has now passed into other and less generous hands. The books enumerated below are arranged according to subjects and periods, and only a selection of those deemed most important are mentioned, those adjudged most valuable being marked with an asterisk. The terms “Ancient” and “Modern” signify pre-Muhammadan and post-Muham­madan respectively. As a further guide I would also refer the reader to two excellent bibliographies, the first chiefly of works of Geography and Travel, given by Lord Curzon in vol. i of his great book on “Persia” (pp. 16-18); the second of works on Literature, History, and Philology in Salemann and Zhukovskí's “Persische Grammatik” (pp. 105-118). Very complete bibliographies of the subjects dealt with in Geiger and Kuhn's “Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie” will also be found prefixed to the various sections into which that great work is divided. A very useful list of works connected with Zoroastrianism is also prefixed to Professor A. V. Williams Jackson's excellent monograph on Zoroaster (New York, 1899).

A. GENERAL HISTORY AND PHILOLOGY.

*1. Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie, unter Mitwirkung von Chr. Bartholomæ, C. H. Ethé, K. F. Geldner, P. Horn, H. Hübschmann, A. V. W. Jackson, F. Justi, Th. Nöldeke, C. Salemann, A. Socin, F. H. Weissbach, und E. W. West, herausgegeben von Wílhelm Geiger und Ernst Kuhn (Strasburg, 1895 —). This invaluable work—a veritable Encyclopædia of Persian philology—comprises three volumes; of which the first treats of the early history of the Iranian languages, especially the language of the Avesta, Old Persian, and Middle Persian or Pahlawí; the second of the literatures of those languages and of Modern Persian, with a special section on the National Epic by Professor Nöldeke; and the third of the Geography, Ethno­graphy, History (down to modern times), Religion, Coins, and Scripts of Írán.

*2. Iranisches Namenbuch, von Ferdinand Justi (Marburg, 1895). An invaluable “Dictionary of National Biography,” so far as Persians bearing Íránian (as opposed to Arabic Muhammadan) names are concerned.

3. Dictionnaire géographique, historique et littéraire de la Perse et des Contrées adjacentes, extrait du Mo'djem el-Bouldan de Yaqout … par C. Barbier de Meynard (Paris, 1861).

*4. Chronique de … Tabarí, traduite sur la version persane de … Bel'ami …, par M. Hermann Zotenberg, 4 vols., Paris, 1867-74. This book will give the European reader the best idea of Universal History, including the History of Persia, as understood by the early Muhammadan historians.

5. Sir John Malcolm's History of Persia from the Most Early Period to the Present Time … (2 vols., London, 1815).

*

6. Clement Markham's General Sketch of the History of Persia (1 vol., London, 1874).

*

*7. Darmesteter's Études Iraniennes (2 vols., Paris, 1883). The first volume contains Études sur la Grammaire historique de la Langue persane; the second, Études sur la Langue, la Líttérature, les Croyances de la Perse ancienne.

8. Dr. C. E. Sachau's English translation of al-Bírúní's al-Átháru'l-báqiya , or Chronology of Ancient Nations (London, 1879), a work of great value and interest, containing an immense amount of varied information.

9. The Murúju'dh-Dhahab of -Mas'údí, text and French translation in nine vols. (Paris, 1861-1877), entitled Maçoudi: Les Prairies d'Or, texte et traduction par C. Barbier de Meynard et Pavet de Courteille.

B. ANCIENT HISTORY.

*10. Erânische Alterthumskunde, von Fr. Spiegel (3 vols., Leipzig, 1871-1878). This excellent work treats of the History, Religions, and Antiquities of Persia from the earliest times down to the fall of the Sásánian Dynasty.

11. Geschichte des alten Persiens, von Dr. Ferdinand Justi (Berlin, 1879). This covers the same period as the work last mentioned, but is smaller and more popular, and contains numerous illustrations and a map.

12. Aufsätze zur persischen Geschichte, von Th. Nöldeke (Leipzig, 1887). This is essentially an enlarged and revised German version of the article on the Ancient History of Persia (till the end of the Sásánian period) contributed by this great scholar to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

13. Le Peuple et la Langue des Mèdes, par Jules Oppert (Paris, 1879).

14. G. Rawlinson's Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, or the History, Geography, and Antiquities of Chaldæa, Assyria, Babylon, Media, and Persia. The first edition (London, 1862) com­prises four, the second (1871) three volumes, and the two last volumes in both cases deal with Media and [Achæmenian] Persia.

15. G. Rawlinson's Sixth Great Oríental Monarchy, or the Geography, History, and Antiquities of Parthia (London, 1873).

16. G. Rawlinson's Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy, or the Geography, &c., of the Sásánian or New Persian Empire (London, 1876).

17. G. Rawlinson's Parthia, in the Story of the Nations Series (London, 1893).

*18. Professor Th. Nöldeke's Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari übersetzt, und mit ausführlichen Erläuterungen und Ergänzungen versehn (Leyden, 1879). This is by far the best work on the Sásánian Period.

19. Professor Thomas Hyde's Veterum Persarum et Parthorum et Medorum Religionis Historia (first ed., Oxford, 1700; second edition, 1760). Though obsolete, this work is still interesting and suggestive.

20. W. Geiger's Ostiranische Kultur im Altertum (1882); English translation of the same by Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana: Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in Ancient Times (London, 1885).

C. ANCIENT PHILOLOGY.
(a) OLD PERSIAN.

21. F. Stolze's Persepolis (Berlin, 1882), with an Introduction by Nöldeke, and many beautiful photographs of the ruins and inscrip­tions.

22. M. Dieulafoy: L'Art antique de la Perse (Paris, 1884).

*23. Fr. Spiegel: Die Altpersischen Keilinscriften im Grundtexte, mit Uebersetzung, Grammatik und Glossar (Leipzig, 1862: second and enlarged edition, 1881).

*24. Dr. C. Kossowicz: Inscriptiones Palæo-Persicæ Achæmeni-darum (St. Petersburg, 1872). The Inscriptions are here printed in the appropriate Cuneiform type.

(b) AVESTA.

25. Eugène Burnouf: Vendidad Sadé, l'un des livres de Zoroastre, lithographié d'après le Manuscrit Zend de la Bibliothèque Royale … (Paris, 1829-1843).

26. H. Brockhaus: Vendidad sade, die heiligen Schriften Zoroaster's Yaçna, Vispered und Vendidad, nach den lithographirten Ausgaben von Paris und Bombay, mit Index und Glossar herausgegeben (Leipzig, 1850).

27. N. L. Westergaard: Zendavesta … vol. i, the Zend texts (Copenhagen, 1852-54).

28. Fr. Spiegel: Avesta … im Grundtexte sammt der Huz-vāresch-Uebersetzung (2 vols., Vienna, 1853-58).

29. K. F. Geldner: Avesta … (3 parts, Stuttgart, 1886-95).

30. Mills and Darmesteter's English translation of the Zend Avesta in vols. iv, xxiii, and xxxi of Professor Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East (Oxford, 1877, 1880, 1883, and second ed. of vol. iv in 1895).

*31. Darmesteter: Le Zend Avesta: traduction nouvelle avec com-mentaire historique et philologique (3 vols., Paris, 1892-93: vols. xxi, xxii, and xxiv of the Annales du Musée Guimet).

32. C. de Harlez: Avesta … traduit du Texte zend (3 vols., Liége, 1875-1877; second edition, Paris, 1881).

33. Fr. Spiegel: Avesta … uebersetzt (3 vols., Leipzig, 1852-63). There is an English translation of this by A. Bleeck (Hertford, 1864).

34. L. H. Mills: A Study of the Five Zoroastrian Gâthâs (Erlangen, 1894).

35. Ferdinand Justi: Handbuch der Zendsprache (Leipzig, 1864).

*36. C. de Harlez: Manuel de la Langue de l'Avesta (Paris, 1882).

37. A. V. W. Jackson: An Avesta Grammar … (Stuttgart, 1892); Idem, An Avesta Reader (1893).

38. Fr. Spiegel: Grammatik der altbaktrischen Sprache (Leipzig, 1867).

(c) PAHLAWÍ AND ITS CONNECTION WITH MODERN PERSIA.

*39. Martin Haug's Introductory Essay on the Pahlaví Language (pp. 152), prefixed to Dastur Hoshangji Jamaspji Asa's Old Pahlavi-Pazand Glossary (Bombay and London, 1870).

40. C. de Harlez: Manuel du Pehlevi des livres religieux et historiques de la Perse: Grammaire, Anthologie, Lexique (Paris, 1880).

*41. C. Salemann, Mittelpersische Studien in the Bulletins de l'Acad. de St. Petersbourg for 1887, pp. 417, et seqq = Mélanges Asiatiques, vol. ix, pp. 207 et seqq. Also the same scholar's article Mittelpersisch in vol. i of Geiger and Kuhn's Grundriss, pp. 249-332.

*42. West, Haug, and Dastur Hoshangji Jamaspji Asa: The Book of Arda Viraf: Pahlavi text … with an English translation and Introduction … (Bombay and London, 1872); Glossary and Index of the same (1874).

43. West: The Mainyo-i-Khard (or “Spirit of Wisdom”) Pazand and Sanskrit Texts (in Roman characters) … with an English translation… Sketch of Pazand Grammar and Introduction (Stuttgart and London, 1871).

*44. F. C. Andreas: Pahlawí text of the above, a facsimile of a MS. brought from Persia by Westergaard and preserved at Copen­hagen (Kiel, 1882).

45. Prof. Th. Nöldeke: Persische Studien I and II in vols. cxvi and cxxvi of the Sitzb. d. K. Ak. d. Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Class. (Vienna, 1888 and 1892).

46. A. Barthelemy: Gujastak Abalish, relation d'une Conférence théologique presideé par le Calife Mâmoun: texte pehlvi … avec traduction, commentaire et lexique (Paris, 1887).

47. P. Horn: Grundriss der Neupersischen Etymologie (Strassburg, 1893).

48. H. Hübschmann: Persische Studien (Strassburg, 1895). Idem, Armenische Grammatik (Leipzig, 1897).

49. Paul de Lagarde: Persische Studien (Göttingen, 1884).

50. Fr. Spiegel: Gramm. der Pârsisprache nebst Sprachproben (Leipzig, 1851). Idem, Die Traditionelle Literatur der Parsen in ihrem Zusammenhange mit den angränzenden Literaturen (Vienna, 1860).

*51. E. W. West: On the extent, language, and age of Pahlavi literature, in the Sitzb. d. philos-philol. Classe der K. Akad. d. Wissenschaften vom 5 Mai, 1888 (pp. 396-443: Berlin).