Revolt of Layth b. Fana against Ḥasan b. Zayd,
and invasion of Ṭabaristán by Shárí, the
lieutenant of the House of Ṭáhir.

When Ḥasan b. Zayd arrived at Gurgán, news came from ´Amul that Layth b. Fana had revolted, so he left Muḥam­mad b. Ibráhím al-'Alawí at Gurgán and himself went to ´Amul. The Daylamites refused to obey Muḥammad b. Ibrá­hím, and began to loot and otherwise misconduct them­selves. He therefore wrote to Ḥasan b. Zayd, saying, “Thou knowest the evil character and vile nature of the Day­lamites, and their rebelliousness against thy authority. They will not obey me, and the people are afflicted by them.” But Ḥasan b. Zayd was occupied with Layth b. Fana, and had sent his army under Aḥmad b. '´Isá to Láriján, because its lord, Parwíz, had asked for help, representing that Layth b. Fana had gone to Ray, and had induced its governor to attack Láriján. He therefore sent his brother, Abú 'Abdi`lláh Muḥammad b. Zayd, to Gurgán.

Now there was a certain Daylamite named Dakiyya who had fled from Muḥammad with his people, and gone to Khurásán to Shárí, the lieutenant of the Ṭáhirids, whom he informed of the anarchy and unrest which prevailed in Gurgán, urging him to attack it, and promising to help him to obtain possession of it. So Shárí came from Isfará`in to Gurgán, and the Daylamites entirely deserted Muḥammad b. Zayd and Muḥammad b. Ibráhím, and went over to the invader. The two Sayyids came to ´´Amul, and waited until Shárí desired to provision his army, and sent out the Day­lamites, unarmed, to forage for provisions (f. 117b). One of the chief man of Gurgán named Isḥáq said to Shárí, “Do not give wealth to the Daylamites without good cause, or else they will deal treacherously with thee, as they have ever dealt with their amírs and rulers; for no one hath experienced at their hands aught but insolence, oppression, and ungenerous conduct.” The Daylamites were gathered together at Sulaymánábad; and the people of Gurgán, gentle and simple, were all afraid of the barbarities they might perpetrate. So Shárí and Isḥáq ordered them all to be put to the sword, and in one day 3000 of them were slain. News of this was brought to Ḥasan b. Zayd, and he was filled with malicious delight.

When it became known to Layth b. Fana that Shárí had taken Gurgán, he induced the Turk, who was the governor of Ray, to let him go to Ṭabaristán to take the country for him, and was permitted to proceed to Láriján. When he arrived, he found that Aḥmad b. '´Isá and the Masmu­ghán were both there, and had stopped all the roads, and cried threats and imprecations at them from the mountains. Layth b. Fana put his horse at the river, but was unable to cross. The Turk was afraid and said, “Surely he intends some treachery towards me.” So he ordered him to be seized and his head to be cut off: and this he sent to Ḥasan b. Zayd, offering at the same time his apologies for having invaded the country. Immediately after this news arrived that Shári, having collected much wealth, was about to leave Gurgán, and the Sayyid Ḥasan at once proceeded thither with his army. Shárí fled to Khurásán, while Ḥasan b. Zayd entered Gurgán, slew many of the common people, and plundered their property.