Nahr Ṭāb.—This river takes its rise in the neighbourhood of Sumayram,* increasing in size till it reaches Arrajān, where it passes under the bridge called Pūl-i-Thakān. Then it waters the district of Rīshahr and flows into the sea near Sīnīz.
Nahr Khwābdān.* —The source of this river is at Jūyikān. It waters the district round Nawbanjān, and then flows through Jallādjān until it joins the River Shīrīn, by which its waters reach the sea.
Nahr Jirrah.* —This river rises in Māṣaram, and it waters the district of Naḥast Masjān, thence passing on it waters Jirrah and its district, also part of the Ghundijān District. Beyond this it joins the Bishāpūr River, and thus its waters reach the sea.
Nahr Burāzah.* —The Burāzah River is that of Fīrūzābād, and its source is at Khunayfghān. It irrigates Fīrūzābād, with its district, and then joins the Thakān River, by which its waters reach the sea. This river has its name from Burāzah, the great engineer, who drained the [lake] off from round and about the city of Fīrūzābād [as described above].
Nahr Kur [Cyrus River].* —This river rises in the neighbourhood of Kallār, and it is a rebellious stream that will irrigate no lands unless a dam has been thrown across it to raise the level, and thus enable the waters to be led over the surface of the soil. Now the dams that have been built across its stream are the following: The Rāmjird Dam* is of very ancient construction, and it gave irrigation to all the villages of the Rāmjird District. It had, however, fallen to ruin, and has been restored recently by the Atabeg Chāulī, who has given it the name of Fakhristān [after himself, he holding the title of Fakhr-ad-Dawlah]. Next comes the ‘Aḍudī Dam,* the like of which, as is well known, exists nowhere else in the whole world. To describe it it must be known that the Kirbāl District [which lies round and about] originally was a desert plain without water. But ‘Aḍud-ad-Dawlah seeing this opined that if a dam were built here the waters of the River Kur would work wonders on this desert land. He therefore brought together engineers and workmen, and expended great sums of money to make side canals to lead off the waters of the river from the right and the left bank. Then he [paved the river-bed] above and below the dam, with a mighty weir [shādurwān] constructed of blocks of stone set in cement. Next he built the dam itself with [stones set in] tempered cement and sifted sand, so that even an iron tool could not scratch it and never would it be burst asunder. The summit of the dam was so broad that two horsemen could ride abreast across it without the water touching them, for to carry this off sluices were made. Thus, finally, the whole of the district of Upper Kirbāl received its irrigation by means of this dam. The Band-i-Qaṣṣār* [the Fullers’ Dam] had been built of old to water the district of Lower Kirbāl, and it too had fallen out of use; but the Atabeg Chāulī has likewise restored this to working order, and [some distance below it] the River Kur flows out into the Lake of Bakhtigān.
Nahr Masin.* —The source of this stream lies in the hill country near Sumayram and Sīmtakht. It flows down to join the River Ṭāb.
Nahr Shīrīn* [the Sweet-water River].—This river has its source on the frontier of the Bāzrang District, and it flows past Gunbad Mallaghān, giving water to many districts, for besides that of Gunbad Mallaghān it irrigates certain of the lands of Arrajān, finally flowing out into the sea between Sīnīz and Jannābā.
Nahr Bishāpūr.* —The source of this river lies in the mountain land about Bishāpūr. It waters the city of Bishāpūr and its district, as likewise the homesteads of Khisht and Dīh Mālik, and falls into the sea between Jannābā and the Māndistān District.
Nahr Thakān.* —The source of this river is at a village called Jatrūyah [or Chatrūyah], which same is a well-known village with its district belonging to the Māṣaram sub-district lying round about Shīrāz, all of which lands this stream waters. From here it flows on, passing in turn Kavār, Khabr, Ṣimkān, Kārzīn, Qīr, Abzar, and Lāghir, giving water for irrigation to each in turn, and finally irrigating part of the district round Sīrāf. In its last reach the river passes the village of Thakān, from which same it takes its name. Then finally it flows out into the sea between Najīram and Sīrāf, and in all the province of Fārs there is no stream that is more bountiful for irrigation purposes than is this Thakān River.
Nahr Purvāb.* —The source of the river is at a village called Purvāb. This is a most blessed river. Most of the district of Marvdasht is irrigated by its waters, and it flows to join the River Kur. This, therefore, as given above, is the description of the greater and most celebrated rivers of Fārs, and besides them there are many other streams and rivulets of lesser size, but these cannot be noticed lest the matter run to too great length.