The Yantra* is formed of a hollow neck of wood a yard in length, at each end of which are attached the halves of two gourds. Above the neck are sixteen frets over which are strung five steel wires fastened securely at both ends. The low and high notes and their variations are produced by the disposition of the frets.

The Víṇá (Hindi. Bín) resembles the Yantra, but has three strings.

The Kinnar resembles the Víṇa, but with a longer finger-board and has three gourds and two wires.*

The Sar-víṇá is also like the Víṇá but without frets.

The Amrití has the finger-board shorter than the Sar-víṇá, and a small gourd below the upper side, and one steel wire upon which all the scales may be played.

The Rabáb* has six strings of gut, but some have twelve and others eighteen.

The Sarmanḍal* is like the Ḳánún. It has twenty-one strings, some of steel, some of brass, and some of gut.

The Sárangi is smaller than the Rabáb and is played like the Ghichak.*

The Pinák, called also Sur-batána, is of wood about the length of a bow and slightly bent. A string of gut is fastened to it and a hollow cup inverted, is attached at either end. It is played like the Ghichak, but in the left hand a small gourd is held which is used in playing.

The A´dhaṭi* has one gourd and two wires.

The Kingara* resembles the Víṇá, but has two strings of gut and smaller gourds.