THE THIRD CLIMATE.
Asafi, North Africa	2	.	30	.	According to Ibn Sayd. Lon. 7° and called also Safi. It serves as the port to Morocco from which it is 4 days' journey distant. Abulf. It is marked on the maps.
Fás, Do.	18	.	32	.	Fez.
Island of Jarbah, Do.	39		32	.	Called Jerba in Keith Johnstone, an island in the Gulf of Cabes (Syrtis Minor) off the Tunis Coast.
Sejelmásah	25	.	31	30	Yáḳút places it 10 days' journey from Fez to the S. According to Reinaud, stated to be the modern Tefile by Walkenaer. See his note and refer­ences II. II, 189. Abulf.
Marákash	21	.	29	.	Morocco.
Tádelá, Mauritania	22	.	30	.	Tadla, between Morocca and Fez.
Telemsán	24		33	40	Pronounced according to Reinaud Telemsén, with the imálah, and Yáḳút, Tenimsán. The latter says it consists of two walled towns a stone's throw from each other, one of which, the modern, is called Táfirzit and the ancient, called Aḳadír, analogous to Fusṭáṭ and Cairo. Reinaud's refer­ences are to Leo the African who has given an extended notice of this town. Notices et Extraits, t. XII. p. 662, and the Abbí Bargés. Journ. Asiat. Tom. 41.
Mediterranean Coast, Mau­ritania	25	.	.	.
Biskarah	32	.	30	35	This name has already occurred with a different location in the 2nd Climate. The name has a variant Selah, in the text.
Táhart-i-Ụlya	35	30	29	.	Upper Tahart.
Táhart-i-Sufla	36	30	29	.	Lower Tahart; Yáḳút says that these two towns face each other and lie 5 miles apart, and he calls the Upper the ancient, and the Lower, the modern, both being 6 stages distant from Misí­lah. The place is subject to fogs and cold and heavy dews and rain, and Yáḳút in his extended notice of its situa­tion and history gives two assuring instances of its proverbial character in this respect. Its princes belonged to the Benu Rustam. They traced their descent directly to Bahrám the freed­man of the Caliph Othmán a descendant of Bahrám Gor.
Saṭíf, Africa	37	.	31	.	Saṭíf, south-west of Constantine.
Mesílah	38	40	30	25	Pronounced also Emsíla. In the maps Msila in the province of Biskarah, a town founded by the Fatimite Caliph Ḳáim bílláh A. H. 315 (A. D. 927) who gave it the name of Muḥammadíyah. Abulf. II, I. 191.
Bájah Do.	39	5	31	.	Situate according to Abulf. between Bugie and Tunis, at one march distant from Thabarca, and 5 from Kairawán. The river Maguyla flows between it and Bone. This fixes its position as the Beja of Keith Johnstone, in the province of Tunis.
Ḳaírawán ”	41	.	31	40	This is not to be confounded with the ancient Cyrene as Gibbon notices has been done by one eminent geographer.
Mahdíyah ”	32	.	32	30	Founded by the Mahdi Ụbaydúllah the founder of the Fatimite Dynasty, (v. Suyútís Hist. of the Caliphs, Jarrett, p. 3 et. seq). It is situate on the coast below Monaster.
Tunis	42	30	38	31
Lower extremity of the Egyptian Sea, Egypt	44	.	30	22
Middle of Syria	44	35	33	38
Island of Rhodes	44	30	36	.
Súsah Africa	44	40	32	30	On the Gulf of Hammamet, north-west of Monaster.
Aṭrábulus ”	44	.	32	30	Tripoli.
Túzar ”	46	30	29	.	Province of Tunis on the Shatt Kabír.
Zawílah ”	49	40	30	.	In the Fezzan. This was the name also of a quarter in the city of Mahdíyah and of Cairo. Abulf. v. De Sacy. Chrest. Arab. I. 495.
Kaṣr i-Aḥmad ”	51	25	33	30	On the border of the Barkah country according to Ibn Sayd, on the east of the province of African proper. It is but a small village serving as a store for goods of Arab merchants. The desert intervenes between this and Barḳah. Abulf.
Barkah ”	52	45	32	.
Tulmaitha	44	.	38	10	Situate at the foot of the mountains of Cyrenaica on the sea-shore. The ancient Ptolemais.
Madínah-i-Surt	57	.	31	.	Sort in Keith J. is a district on the litoral of the Gulf of Sidra, the Syrtis Major: Abulf. quoting Ibn Sayd makes it a town formerly one of the capital cities of the country but destroyed by the Arabs. The Fatimite Caliph Al Muịzz constructed reservoirs in the desert for use on his journeys from Sort and Fayyúm.
Aḳabah, northern extremity of Egypt.	39	.	30	.
Bahnasa	61	32	28	35	This village stands on part of the site of the ancient Oxyryuchus which received its name from a fish of the sturgeon species (accipenser sturio Linn.) which was an object of religious worship. There remain some broken columns of the ancient city and a single Corinthian column without leaves or volutes, partly buried in the sand, probably of the age of Diocletian. It became the site of an episcopal see. Geog. Dict. Smith.
Iskandariyah	61	54	30	58	Alexandria.
Rashíd	62	20	31	.	Rosetta.
Miṣr	63	.	30	20	Cairo.
Dimyáṭ	68	50	31	25	Damietta.
Fayyúm	68	50	29	.	The canal which connects, or connected it with the Nile, is said by Abulf. to have been constructed by the patriarch Joseph, to whom a great number of the ancient monuments have been ascribed. This tradition does not appear, according to Reinaud, to date till a little preceding the commencement of our era.
Ḳulzum	66	30	29	30	Niebuhr places the ruins of the ancient <Greek> a little to the north of Suez. v. Tab. XXIV, Descp. de l'Arab.
Tinnís, one of the Egyptian isles	64	30	30	40	An island in Lake Tinnís (Lake Men­zaleh) a little south of Port Said.
Ghazzah, frontier of Pales­tine	66	10	32	.	Gaza.
Arísh	66	15	26	35	The text is in error in the name which should be <Arabic>. It is on the litoral between Palestine and Egypt and marked by Ibn Khaldún, (Proleg. 110) as on the extreme frontier of Egypt. Edit. Quatremère.
Bait'ul Muḳaddas	66	30	31	50	Jerusalem.
Ramlah	66	50	32	10
Ḳaisaríyah	66	15	32	30	Cæsarea.
Ammán, a dependecy of Balḳá	66	20	31	3	Rabbath Ammon, the ancient capital of the Ammonites (Deut. iii 11.). It was besieged by Joab and taken by David (2 Sam. xi. 1. xii. 26-31). Its destruction denounced by Jeremiah (xlix. 3. Ezech. xxv. 5). It was restored by Ptolemy Philadelphus, who gave it the name of Philadelphia. Geog. Dict. W. Smith.
Asḳalán Palestine	66	30	32	15	Ascalon.
Yáfá. Palestine	66	15	32	40	Jaffa.
Karak	66	50	31	30	Kerak-Moab is the district corresponding to the country of Moab. The chief town of the same name is marked in Keith Johnston.
Ṭabaríyah of the Jordan	68	15	32	5	Tiberias.
Baísan	68	.	32	50	Beth san, or Scythopolis, in the LXX. Judges i. 27 <Greek>. It was a city of the Manas­sites, locally situated in the tribe of Issachar. In the time of Saul it was occupied by the Philistines who after the battle of Gilboa hung the bodies of Saul and his sons to its walls. Placed by Josephus at the S. extremity of Gallilee, who calls it chief city of the Decapolis. Ptolemy reckons it one of the cities of Cœlesyria. Dict. Smith. Cœlesyria is now called El Bikáạ or incorrectly Bakáa, low-lying plains, The name of Cœle or Hollow Syria is explained by Avienus.
					Hæc Cœle est Graio sub nomine: namque duobus
					Ut conclusa jugis vallis vice, multa cavatur.
					Ab Zephyro Casius mons imminet: axe diei
					Consurgentis item Libanus premit arduus arva. Desc. Orbis terræ.
Akká, coast of Syria	68	20	33	20	Acre.
Ṣúr, coast of Damascus	68	35	32	40	Tyre.
Ḥajar	68	30	28	30	This is probably Ḥajar Shughlán, a for­tress belonging to the Knights Templars, in the mountain of Lokkám, near Anti­och, overlooking the lake of Yaghra. Yáḳúṭ.
Ṣaidá, litoral of Damas­cus	68	55	33	.	Sidon.
Bạlbạk, of Damascus	70		38	50
Damascus, capital of Syria	70	.	33	30
Hít, Syria, on the Euphrates	78	20	33	15	Not in Syria (Shám) as Abul Fazl writes, but in Arabian Iráḳ.
Ḥillah, in Iráḳ	79	.	.	32	There are several of the name; the Ḥil­lah of Bani Kailah, between Wásiṭ and Baṣrah; the Ḥillah of Dabais b. Afíf u'l Asadi, between Baṣrah and Ahwáz, and the Ḥillah of Baní'l Marák near Mausil. The Ḥillah of the text is on or near the ruins of Babylon.
Kúfah, on a branch of the Euphrates	79	30	31	30	The ruins of this once famous town alone are left
Anbár, Ịráḳ	79	30	33	5
Ụkbará do.	79	30	33	30	On the Tigris, ten parasangs from Bagh­dad.
Baradán, on the Tigris	79	50	33	30	In the map, near a small affluent of the Tigris. The text has Bardán, I follow the orthography of Yáḳút.
Baghdád	80	.	33	25
Madáin-i-Kisra, opposite stood the palace of the Khusraus	80	20	33	.	The ancient Ctesiphon, described by Strabo, as the winter residence of the Parthian kings, and by Tacitus “sedes imperii.” See its description in XXIV Chap. Decline and Fall.
Ḥajar, of Ḥijáz	80	30	28	30	This name occurs in the 2nd Climate with a different location. Yáḳút men­tions three others, but of no significance.
Bábil, Ịráḳ	80	55	32	15	Babylon.
Nuạmáníyah do.	81	20	33	.	Between Baghdad and Wásiṭ. It is the chief town of the Upper Záb. Abulf.
Ḳaṣr Ibn i Hubayrah do.	80	30	32	45	One letter (<Arabic>) is omitted in the text of the minutes of latitude. This town is on the Euphrates having Karbala a short distance directly to the west on the desert. It takes its name from Yazíd-b-Omar-b. Hubairah, governor of Ịrak, in the time of Marwán al Ḥimár. Abulf.
Jarjaráyá, Ịráḳ	80	30	33	3	Near the Tigris between Baghdad and Wásit.
Famu's Ṣilḥ do.	80	45	32	40	<Arabic> omitted in min of Lon. On the W. of the Tigris, 7 parasangs from Wásit. It was here that the espousals of the Caliph Mamún with Burán took place.
Jalúlá do.	81	10	33	30	Deg. of Lat. wrongly printed in text. It was here that Yezdajird was defeated in 16. A. H. and fled to Rai. It is both a town and river according to Yáḳút, the river being named from the multi­tude <Arabic>) of the slain. The Jalúlá is probably the present Dyálah. See my Transl. Hist. of the Caliphs p. 135, and 231 for the note above.
Wásiṭ do.	81	30	32	25
Ḥulwán do.	82	55	34	.
Baṣrah do.	84	.	33	.
Ubullah do.	84	.	30	15	At the mouth of the Tigris canal of the same name which leads to Bạsrah, four miles in length.
Ahwáz, in Khúzistán	85	.	31	3	On the river Kárun.
Tustar do.	84	30	31	30	Now Shuster.
Arján do.	84	30	30	32	Or arabicised Arraján, 60 parasangs from ´Suk u'l Ahwáz and 60 from Shiráz and one day's march from the sea. Meynard. Dict. de la Perse. On the frontier of Fárs on the Khúzistán side. Abulf.
Askar Mukram in Khúzistán	84	35	31	15	Eight parasangs from Tustar. It was called after Mukram-b-ul Mạzá des­patched by Ḥajjaj-b. Yusuf against Khuzád-b. Bás.; his stay in this town gave it the name of the Camp of Mukram. Abulf.-Yáḳút.
Island of Suḳuṭra, off Khúzistán	84	30	33	.	At p. 48, this is placed as a dependency of India without mention of Lon. or Lat.
Ḥiṣn i Mahdi, in Khúzistán	85	15	30	15	According to Yáḳút and Ibn Haukal, the waters of Tustar, Daurak and Ahwáz unite near the fort and form a large riveṛ that disembogues in the sea. Azízi makes it 11 parasangs from this to Ubulla.
Síníz, Persian gulf	84	45*	32	.	The 5 in min. of Lon. omitted in text:—A small town almost in ruins in the Ahwáz, district; from this to Jannábah the road runs along the sea coast. Abulf.
Abbadán do.	106	30	30	.	At the mouth of the Tigris.
Rám Hurmuz, in Khúzistán	85	45*	31	.	5. Omitted in text. The town is marked in Keith Johnston.
Isfahán, Persia	86	40	22	25
Kázrún do.	87	30	29	55
Shúshtar do.	86	20	21	30	This is the same as Tustar which is the Arabic form of the name (Yáḳút). Abul Fazl has given it a different Lon. and Lat. to Tustar above; it is probably a copyist's interpolation.
Shápúr do.	87	55	30	.	The ruins of this town above Kisht and near Kázrún are marked in K. J. The word is Sábúr in Yáḳút, a corruption he says of Sháhpúr. It is also a district and Sábúr was one, but not the largest, of its towns. It was built by one of the monarchs of this name of which there were three, the captor of Valerian, (A. D. 240.) Sapor II (310.) Sapor III (385.)
Ụmán do.	67	20	21	.	No such name occurs in Faristán and indeed no other than the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula of which according to Yáḳút the Long. is 34° 30', Lat. 19° 45'.
Naubandaján	107	55	30	10	According to Yáḳút a town of impor­tance in the district of Sábur, and said by Ibn Faḳih to be its chief town. He distinguishes it from the town Sháhpúr or Sabur, but Guyard (II. II. 95. n.) makes them the same. Yáḳút states that Naubanján was a fort in the city Naubandajan. The former name is in Keith J., the latter not.
Jannábah known as Gan­dábah	87	25	30	.	In K. J. Gunáwa, on the Persian Gulf.
Abarḳúh in Fárs	87	20	31	30
Firozábád ”	87	30	28	10
Shiráz ”	88	.	29	36
Síráf ”	89	30	29	30
Shabánkárah ”	89	.	28	23	This name does not occur in any work I have consulted.
Istakhr ”	88	30	30	.	Persepolis.
Yezd ”	89		32	.
Hiṣn Ibn Ụmárah in Fárs	94	.	30	20	According to Abulf doubtful whether in Fárs, or Kirmán; now in ruins. The route from ´Siráf, along the sea coast is across wild mountains and deserts. In ancient days said to have been held by a chief alluded to in the Koran Ch. XVIII. “and there was a king behind them who took every sound ship by force (Sale).” There have been a great many kings who have done the same and not all of ancient times.
Darábjird in Fárs	90	.	28	15	This name is derived from Daráb=Darius and jird arabicised form of Persian Gird circuit, enclosure, town. Dárab is the name of the town in K. J.
Báfd, Kirmán	82	.	29	.	Marked in K. J.: lead mines in its vicinity.
Sírján ”	90	30	29	20	The text has omitted the final <Arabic> which occurs in Abulf. and Ibn Haukal. Ibn Haukal calls it the largest city of Kirmán.
Kirmán	91	30	30	5
Ṭabas Kílaki, Khurásán	92	.	33	.	A town in the desert between Naísabur, Isfahán and Kirmán. It is divided in two, one being called T. Kílaki and the other T. Masinán, but they form properly but one town. A celebrated silk of this name is exported. Abulf.
Zarand of Kírmán	92	.	30	40	According to Ibn Haukal, it exports a a stuff for linings known Bitánah; equiv. Pers. ‘asṭar.’ See Dozy. Suppl. Dict. Arab, under <Arabic>
Bardsír ”	92	30	30	.	In Abulf. Bardasir. Bardashir and Kawáshir, between Sirján and the desert, two marches from Sirján, the name a contraction, it is said, of Ardeshir (Babegán) Sec. Dict. de la Pers. 90.
Khabís ”	93	.	30	.	Marked in K. J.
Bam	94	8	28	30	One of the principal towns and has three large mosques. Marked in K. J.
Ṭabas Masinán, Khurásán	92	.	33	.	See above under Ṭabas Kílakí.
Khúwáah, desert of Sístán	94	40	33	.	Pronounced by the inhabitants khásh, A town in Sijiatán on the left of a traveller going towards Tustar (B??) at one day's march from Sijistán, watered by stream and canals and well wooded with palm trees. Yáḳút. This direction is obsoure and the town is not in the maps. The Sijistán above-mentioned must be Zaranj.
Zaranj, ancient town of Sistán	97	.	32	30	Capital of Sijistán and called also by its name. Yáḳúb-b-Leith as Saffár, founder of the Saffaride dynasty had a castle here. ?? Shahristán on the Helmand, was the capital before Zaranj but the river having changed its course and abandoned the town, the inhabitants left it and built Zaranj at a distance of ?? farsakh. See these names in the Dict??dela Pors. or in Yáḳút.
Kíj, of Mekrán	99	.	23	30	Prinoipal town of Mekrán and 5 days' march from Tiz its chief port. Dict. de la Pers.
Jáliḳ ”	99	.	30	.	An error probably for Jáliḳán, but the latter is placed by Yáḳút in Sijistán, and by some authorities in the territory of Bast. There is no Jáliḳ traceable
Kháltán Mekrán	99	.	28	30	Not traceable.
Ram	99	.	33	35	This name so occurs in Abulf. and cor­rected by Reinaud to Zarom. The latter is placed by Ibn Haukal on the borders of Khurásán, but reckoned as belonging to Máwarannahar. Yáḳút makes it a small town on the road to the Oxus lead­ing from Tirmaz and Amol. De Slane makes Zomm to mean a cluster of Kurd villages. Ibn Khaldún I. 133 n.
Bust in the Garmsír of Ḳandahár, on the Hal­mend	100	.	33	.	The stages from Síjistán to Bust or Bost are given by Ibn Haukal (Ouseley, p. 203.)
Takítábád?	101	5?	33	.
Rukhkhaj of Sístán	103	.	32	50	In Abulf. Arrnkhkhaj with the Arabic Art, the ancient Arachosia, comprehending the present provinces N. E. of Ba??, Catob, Gandáva, Ḳandabár, Sewistán and the S. W. of Kábulistán v. Dict. Geog. Smith.
Barwín, Sístán	101	56	28	16	Abulf. and Yáḳút have Sarwán. It is two marches from Bust.
Maimaud, originally of Zabulistán, now of Ḳan­dahár	102	40	33	20	This name is written Mimand in Abulf. and Yáḳút. The min. of Lat. are omitted or misprinted in the text.
Ghaznah, Zabulistan	104	20	33	36
Ribiṭ Amír	105	.	34	.	Not traceable.
Ḳandahár	107	50	38	20
Nahlwárah, India	108	20	28	30	See p. 59 when this is written as Nahr­walah but with a different location. The name was originally Anbilpúr (v. Vol. II. p. 262) and Anc. Geog. India, p. 320.
Multán India	108	25	29	40
Laháwar (Imhor) ”	109	20	31	15
Dahli (Dolhi) ”	114	38	28	15
Tánesar ”	94	.	30	.
Sháhábád ”	94	.	30	12
Sambal ”	105	30	28	35	This must be the Sambalaka of Ptolemy, in Rohilkand. See McCrindle. Ptol. p. 133.
Amroha ”	95	15	29	.
Pánipat ”	108	10	28	52
Baran ”	94	15	28	48	Vol. II. p. 2 6.
Bághphat	94	30	28	12	Vol. II. p. 286.
Kol	95	2	28	20
Himálya Mons	95	.	31	50
Kót Kror?	.	.	21	.
Siálkót ”	109	.	33	.
Sulṭánkoṭ ”	.	.	28	30
Jhelam ”	90	35	33	15
Rhotás	90	30	38	15
Fort of Bandnah?	.	.	33	10
Parasháwar (Peahawar) ”	83	40	38	28
Farmul ”	.	.	32	15	Kabul being preaumably ?? in Hin­dustan. See Vol. II. p. 399.
Sunnám ”	110	25	30	30	In the I. G. occurs Sunam town in Karm­ghar ?? of Patíala State.
Sírhind ”	111	33	30	30	So spelt in every MS.
Rúpar ”	93	40	31	.	See Vol. II. p. 310. Súbah of Lahor for this and following name.
Máchhiwárah ”	.	.	.	.
Páel ”	98	5	30	15	v. Vol. II. p. 295.
Ludhiánah ”	98	.	30	55
Salṭánpúr ”	94	25	32	.
Kalánúr, where the acces­sion of His Majesty took place		.	.	.	See Vol. I. and Emperor Akbar. Graf Noer. p. 70 and Vol. II. p. 319.
Désuhah ”	.	.	.	.	v. Vol. II. p. 316.
Parsaror, near Dera Gházi Khán	37	.	30	.	Vol. II. p. 110-320.
Amnábád ”	91	15	32	.	In the Sarkár of the Rechnau Doáb. II. p. 319 where the name should be Amná not Uminábád. The text has <Arabic> for <Arabic>
Súdharah ”	.	.	.	.	Vol. II. p. 321.
D??ah? ”	.	.	.	.	Var. Dalfiah. Difhah.
Bhérah ”	.	.	.	.	Vol. II. p. 322.
Khuaháb ”	84	20	33	20	Do. 323.
Hazúrah	.	.	.	.	Do. 322.
Chandniwaṭ	.	.	.	.	Do. 320.
Aṭak, Benares, founded by His Majesty.
Hardwâr, Mangláur and the fort of Galer? ancient cities	.	.	.	.	Vol. II. p. 292.
Charṭháwal	94	.	29	15	Vol. II p. 292.
Kairánah	94	30	29	15	Do.
Jhinjhánah	94	30	29	15	Do. 286.
Baghrah, near Muzaffar­nagar	85	30	29	30	Do. 291, where it is spelt Baghrá.
Chahat ”	90	.	32	.	Vol. II. p. 296.
Bangash ”	87	5	38	15	I find no other name but the Tumán of Bangash which is scarcely applicable here.
Dorálah ”	.	.	.	.	Vol. II. p. 296.
Nahtaur ”	.	.	.	.	Do. 291.
Kethal ”	93	30	29	59	Do. 296.
Rohṭak ”	98	50	29	.	Do. 287.
Jhajhar	94	.	28	15	Vol. II. p. 286.
Máhim	93	20	28	58	Do. 243.
Haibatpúr	.	.	.	.	Do. 318.
Púrbi, in the Punjáb	92	.	31	20	So in the text, but Gladwin omits this name and to Haibat adds Pati which is its proper designation. I believe the MS. of the text corrupt here and for Púrbi should be read Pati and prefixed to the name above it The form of the entry adds to the suspicion that it is an error.
Khiẓrábád ”	94	15	30	20	The text is in error in the degree of Lon. v. Vol. II. 296.
´Saḍhúrah ”	94	20	30	25	Do. Do.
Safídan ”	98	15	29	25	Do. 287, where it is written Safi­dún.
Jínd ”	93	25	29	15
Karnál ”	95	4	29	15
Hánsi Hiṣár ”	112	15	22	45	Do. pp. 294-295.
Saháranpúr ”	94	15	30	.
Deoband ”	94	47	29	15
Ambálah ”	98	55	29	25
Bhúmah ”	.	.	.	.	Do. 291, where it is written Bhúnah.
Hatnáwar ”	.	.	.	.	Do. 104.
Sampat; here the refer­ence to India ceases	89	55	29	.	I do not find this name?
Ṣanjar?	.	.	.	.	Var. Janḥah. The only approach to this name in Abulf. is the ancient San­garius, the present Sakaria which flows into the Black sea, E. of Constanti­nople, called also the river of Angora from its passing near that town; 54° Lon. and 41°. Lat. in the Resm u'l Mámúr. Abulf. II. 64.
Aghmát, extreme W. of Mauritania	.	.	.	.	Lon. 11° 30' Lat. 28° 50' N. of the Daren Mts. and the capital of the country before Morocco and S. E. of it. Abulf. II. I. 188. Between it and Morocco the distance was three fasahk, and 14 marches thence into Miknessa, 182.
Hadiyán ?	.	.	.	.	Var. Tadela. already mentioned.
Rạh	.	.	.	.	Var. Rúḳah; var. Darạh mentioned p.
Riyásah ?	.	.	.	.
Maufalúṭ, Upper Egypt	62	20	27	40	On the Nile a little N. of Usyút.
Fusṭáṭ ”	63	.	30	10
Abu Tíj ”	62	30	28	.	On the W. bank of the Nile in the Usyút territory, abounding in the poppy-plant, 24 miles from Usyút and Ikh­mím Abulf. Reinaud considered the name pronounced by the Arabs. Abu Tíg. to be probably a corruption of <Greek>, pointing to a Greek origin.
Ushmúnain ”	62	45	28	.	The 4 in min. of Lat. omitted in text; marked Eshmoom in K. J. It is in the dual form of an Arabic noun, meaning the two Ushmúns, so named, Reinaud supposes, from its greater importance, there being other towns similarly designated. It was the ancient Hermo­polis Magna and there are still some striking remains of its former magnificence. The principal deities worshipped were Typhón and Thoth. The former represented by a hippopotamus on which sat a hawk fighting with a serpent. Thoth, the Greek Hermes, the Ibis-headed god, was with his accom­panying emblem the Ibis and Cyno­cephalus or ape, the most conspicuous among the sculptures on the great portico of the temple. This portico was a work of Pharaonic times. v. Geog. Dict. Smith.
Munyah ”	63	.	28	45	Min. of Lat. in text 5' for 45', called also Munyat u'l Khusaib. but in K. J. as Miniet Ebn Khaseeb. Yáḳút however carefully points its orthography.
Ḳábis, Africa	42	40	32	.	Cabes in the Gulf of that name. In Ptolemy <Greek> or <Greek> in the Regio Syrtica. Pliny describes the sur­rounding country as very fertile but the harbour bad. In its neighbour­hood were warm mineral springs the Aquæ Tacapitanæ, now El Hammat el Khabs v. Geog. Dict. Smith.
Súsah, coast of Africa	44	10	32	40	N. of Monaster, and direct S. of Tunis. It was from here that the Moslem fleet set sail for the expedition against Sicily. Abulf. II. 199.
Safáḳus Do.	45	30	31	50	40' Lon. omitted in text. In K. J. Sfákus, and pronounced Sfaks. Rein. II. 200.
Ghadámis, in the Jaríd country	49	10	29	10	Or Ghudámis, on the borders of the Tripoli and Algerian territory to the extreme south. Yáḳút describes the process of tanning here as incomparable, skins becoming as soft as silk. The Beled el Jaríd in K. J is marked considerably above Ghudámis W. of the Shott Kabír.
Nábulus, of Jordan	67	30	32	10	Nábulus in Samaria, the ancient Neapolis supposed to be identical with Sichem of the Old Test. Traditions of Jacob's well and Joseph's tomb still survive and its connection with the adjacent sacred Mount of Gerizim and identification as the city of Samaria where Philip preached, distinguish its remarkable history. See Smith's Geog. Dict.
Ṣalṭ, of Jordan	63	10	32	3	Text has Lon. 68° for 63°. Es Salṭ or Ramoth Gilead, but in the Geog. Dict. the site is said to be uncertain. Eusebius describes it as 15 miles W. of Philadelphia. Ibid.
Azrạát, (the two Azrás) of Damascus	.	.	.	.	The name is incorrectly spelt and should be <Arabic>. There are two villages of the name in the Ghúṭah of Damascus, both marked in K. J.
Ṣarkhad Do.	70	20	32	15	A fortified town and tract near the Ḥaurán country, according to Yáḳúṭ. In K. J. Sulkhad or Salcah.
Hal?	.	.	.	.	A note in the text considers this an error for Ḥillah already mentioned.
Ḳádisíyyah, in Ịrák	79	25	21	45	Misprint, in min. of Lat. of 5 for 45', Cadesia with Ḥiráh and Khawarnak, says Abulf., are all three on the borders of the desert on the W. and Ịráḳ on the E. This famous field determined the fate of Persia under the Caliphate of Omar.
Ṣarṣar ”	79	55	33	20	Text; misprint of deg. of Lon. Between Baghdad and Kúfah and at 3 parasangs from Baghdád. There are two, an Upper and a Lower. Abulf. II. II. 75.
Ḥírah ”	79	27	31	30	The text has Khírah for Ḥirah and a misprint of the min. of Lon. The mis­prints or errors in Lat. and Lon., the deg and min. of which are expressed in the notation of Arabic letters, are two frequent for further notice. They are as often inexact as correct. Ḥírah is one parasang from (III) Kúfah It was the residence of the kings of Ḥíráh of which one Mundhir-b. Imri 'l Kais became a Christian and adorned his capital with fine churches. Abulf. but Caussin de Perceval (Essai. sur l' Hist. Arab.) doubts his Christianity, his persecution and protection of his Christian subjects alternating according to his caprice, II. 79.
Basá of Fárs	89	15	29	.	In Arabic Fasá and now so-called. The relative noun in Arabic is Fasáwi, in Persian Basásíri which cognomen was given to Abu'l Hárith Arslán the Turk whose master was of Basá. Abúlf. The short lived success of Al Basásíri who captured Baghdad for the Fatimite Caliph, Al Mustansir, from Al Ḳáim bi'amrilláhi, is briefly recounted by Weil Gesch. der. Cal. pp. 92, 102: see also my Hist. of the Caliphs, p. 437, and his life in Ibn Khall.
Dárá	.	.	.	.	In Abulf. this is in the 4th Climate, a small town at the foot of Mt. Maridín in Mesopotania. There is another of the name in the mountains of Ṭabaristán. Abulf.
Ghaznah	.	.	.	.	This has already been mentioned.
Tíb, in Khúzistán	83	.	32	.	Between Wásiṭ and Ahwáz. Abulf.
Ḳurḳúb in Ahwáz, said by some to be in Ịrák	84	43	33	.	Seven parasangs between Ḳurḳúb and Ṭib and ten between it and ´Sús. Abulf.
Jubbi, Khúzistán	84	35	30	50	Jobba in Abulf. and Jubbah in Yáḳút. There are several of this name given by Yáḳút; a cluster of villages between Damascus and Baạlbak: a village in Nahrwán; a village in the Khurásân dist. and also a place in Egypt the birth-place or home of the grammarian Sibawaih. Jubbi is the relative adjec­tive and not the name.
Khansá, China	174	45	23	30	Lon. illegible in text. This in Abulf. is Khánkou or properly Khánfou, a port of China on the river. According to Guyard, Khansa is Hang-tcheon-fou, the Kinsay of Marco polo. II. II. 122. visited by Ibn Baṭúṭah II. 284.
Salá, Mauritania	14	10	33	30	Now Salee or Sla, in K. J. on the W. coast.
Samairam, near Isfahán	.	.	.	.	In Yáḳút Sumairam, a town half-way between Isfahán and Shiráz.
Bam	.	.	.	.	Already preceded.
Balnán ?	.	.	.	.
Balzam (<Arabic>)	.	.	.	.	The text suggests (<Arabic>) Palermo, which seems plausible as the simple omission of the dot over the <Arabic> would effect the change, but the name is in strange company and Abulfeda places it in the 4th Climate.
Baiḍá, Fárs	83	15	30	.	According to Yáḳút a well-known city called Dár Saféd the white city, Arabicised into Baiḍa, the white, on account of its citadel which was seen at a long distance; Istakhri describes it, as the largest town of the district of Istakhar and called the white. Its Persian name was Nasáik; it was nearly as large as Istakhar and was 8 farsakhs from Shiráz.
Jausén or Júsain ?	.	.	.	.
Kínah ?	.	.	.	.
Jor, in Fárs	.	.	.	.	Lon. 78° 30'. Lat. 31° according to Yáḳút who places it at 20 farsakh from Shiráz, pronounced by the Persians Gor. It is said that Malik Aḍdu'd Daulah-b. Buwaih used to make frequent excur­sions of pleasure to it and the people used to say that he had gone to ‘Gor’ i. e., the grave. The ominous sound induced him to change the name to Firozá bád. The original city is ascribed to Ardeshir-b.-Bábak, who gave it the name of Ardeshir Khurrah. Yáḳút's notice of this town is interesting.
Damindán, in Kirmán	.	.	.	.	The name of a large town in Kirmán with mines of iron, copper, gold, silver, sal ammoniac and tutty in a mountain in the vicinity. This mountain is called Dumbáwand, lofty and volcanic. It con­tains a huge cave in which is heard the sound of rushing waters. When the vapourous smoke is thick around its sides, the people of the town assemble to obtain the sal ammoniac which is deposited, of whlch ⅕ is taken by the Sultan and the rest divided amongst the people pro ratâ Yáḳút from Ibn u'l Fakíh. This must not be confounded with the mountain of Dumbáwand on the frontiers of Rayy of which marvellous legends are recorded by Yáḳút.
Sabḳah	.	.	.	.	I do not trace this name.
ạlabah	.	.	.	.
Ain u'sh Shams, Egypt	.	.	.	.	Lon. in Abulf. varying according to different authors between 53°, 30' and 61°, 50' and Lat. between 29°, 30' and 30°, 20'; said to be the residence of Pha­roah, of which some ruins still remain, among them the needle of Pharoah, at half a day's journey from Cairo. Abulf. II. 167. This is the famous Heliopolis, with the semitic names of Beth Shemesh and On (Gen. xli. 45. Ezech. xxx. 17.) which may dispense with a description. The two needles of Pharoah were seen and described by Abdu'l Latif in his monograph on Egypt. Edit. Joseph White, p. 60.
Ain Járaḥ	.	.	.	.	Said by Yáḳút to have been a small village near Aleppo with which a gross legend is connected but the position is obscure.
Kadwál ?	.	.	.	.
Kafarṭáb		.	.	.	Aṭwál, Long. 61°, 30' Lat. 34°, 45', placed by Abulf. in the 4th Climate. Yáḳút locates it in the desert between Aleppo and Mạrrah; there are no walls and it is dependent on rain water.
Kafartúthá	.	.	.	.	Atwal Lon. 66°, 35', Lat. 37°, in the 4th Climate in the Diyár Rabíạh. Yáḳút places it at 5 farsakh from Dara in Mesopotamia. Also the name of a village in Palestine.
Najdah ?	.	.	.	.
Kawárah ?	.	.	.	.
Marbúṭ	.	.	.	.	Mentioned by Yáḳút as one of the vil­lages of Alexandria without further particulars.
Daha ?	.	.		.	The text suggests Dahna.
Daskarah, in Ịráḳ	81	3	38	40	In the environs of Baghdad or according to another account, a large village in its dependency on the road to Khurá­sán and called Daskarat u'l Malik; contains marvellous ancient ruins. Abulf. Yáḳút gives two of the name, one a large village W. of Baghdad, and another on the road to Khurásán near Shahrábad and called Daskarat u'l Malik, on account of the frequent resi­dence there of Harmuz son of Sapor, son of Ardeshír, son of Bábek. Two others are also mentioned by Yáḳút one, opposite Jabbul, between Nuạmaníyah and Wásiṭ and a fourth in Khúzistán.
Manf, Egypt	63	20	30	20	Memphis. The text has Minf. Yáḳút points the word Manf which is doubt­less correct, the Noph of the Old Testa­ment. Its antiquity is unquestionable, but Yáḳút's authority, an undistin­guished Abdu'r Raḥmán, makes it the first city peopled after the flood. Its first settlers were Baisar, son of Ham, son of Noah with his family 30 in number, and their colony called Máfah from a Coptic word signifying 30, and turned by the Arabs into Manf.
Múrján ?	.	.	.	.
Náṣarah, Palestine	.	.	.	.	Nazareth.
Maghrárah or Maghrá­wah ?	.	.	.	.