THE FIRST CLIMATE.
Shore of the Ocean (<Greek>).	20	.	16	31	See p.
Island of Mádúnah	23	.	36	27	Perhaps Madura off Java. McCrindle, 241.
Amállṭu var. Amánṭu	28	5	20	14
Barisá	32	.	20	35	According to Abulf. a considerable town of Takrour, north of the Niger. Edrísi mentions it as a village formed by some nomad clan, ten days march north of the Lemlem country. Rein. II. I. There is also a Berisa on the Red Sea below Port Mornington.
Island of Súli	38	30	28	.	I find mention of only one Súli, a village watered by the An Nahrouán canal from the Tigris, Abulf II, 70.
Island of Sawákin	58	30	17	.	Jazirah signifies not only an island, but a peninsula or tract from which the sea has retired. Ibn Baṭúṭah II, 161, 162, describes his landing here from Jeddah on his way to Yemen.
Turrah	49	20	19	40	A small town in Africa. This is all Yáḳúṭ's information, and no other work I have seen gives even as much.
Dunḳulah (Dongola)	68	.	14	33
Tịiz in Yemen		caret.			Abu'l Akúl, Lon. 64° 30', Lat. 13°. Ibn Sayd Lon. 70°, Lat. 14° 30', by induction Lon. 65° 30', Lat. 13° 40'. A castle in the mountains dominating the coast; residence of the princes of Yemen. Abulf. II. I, 121. It is called Ḥisn Tiz. See also Niebuhr Desc. de l'Arab, p. 209.
Darḳalah	68	40	14	30	The proximity of location of this and the Dongola above, suggests the inference that these represent Old and New Don­gola which in the map appear to be 60 or 70 miles apart.
Bajah, (Beja) of the Ber­ber country.	65	.	14	.	This must refer to the El Beja between the Shatt Meldir and Shatt Gharnis in the province of Constantine as the Bájah or Bejah W. of Tunis occurs in the 3rd Climate. Abulfeda places this, according to the Aṭwal, in Lon. 55° N. Lat. 2°, and adds that it is beyond the 1st Climate in the Berbera country.
Buldarah, in the Súdan	68	.	17	.
Island of Dahlak	71	.	14	.	See p. 121, Vol. II, n. 4. This island is well-known.
Márib, of Yemen	78	.	14	.	Capital of the Tobbas of Yemen, now in ruins. It is situated at the extremity of the Haḍramaut chain. Here was the famous Sadd or Dyke of the Himya­rite Arabs. Niebuhr call it the principal town of Jauf (<Arabic>) V. Descr. Arab, p. 240. For the history of the Dyke see notes to Chenery's al Ḥariri, p. 242.
Mahjam, of Yemen	74	45	16	.	A small fortified town on the frontier between Tehámah and Yemen. Nuzhat-u'l Mushták, p. 29. It is 3 days distance from the following name. Abulf. II. I. 120.
Zabíd. ditto.	74	20	14	10	On the Tehámah of Yemen, its princi­pal maritime port according to Albirúni, but its port is a place called Ghelfeca at a distance, in varying accounts, from 15 to 40 miles, Abulf. It is marked in the maps.
Hiṣn Dimlaut do.	74	40	14	5	Dumluat, according to Yáḳúṭ, N. of Aden in the Yemen hills, proverbial for its strength, v. Abulf.
Sharjah, of Yemen	74	40	16	50	A small town in Yemen at a little dis­tance from the sea.
Janad, ditto	75	30	14	33	North of Ḥisn. Tịiz, half a day's march. Here is a mosqne built by Mạáz b. Jabal, one of the companions of Muḥammad who died of the plague in Syria, A. H. 19. Abulf. 123.
Jublah, ditto	74	30	18	30	Between Aden and Sanạá, in the moun­tains; it is E. of Tịiz and a little to the north. Abulf. 122.
Ḥiṣn Bạdán ditto	75	30	38	40	A township in Yemen. Yáḳúṭ See Nie­buhr. Desc. de l'Arab, p. 208.
Najrán of Yemen	76	.	19	.	Territory occupied by the Hamdán tribe, 10 marches from Sanạá. Abulf. v. Nie­buhr. p. 238.
Ṣanạá, capital of Yemen	76	.	14	30
Ḍamár in Yemen	70	.	38	30	In the Aṭwál, Lon. 67, Lat. 13° 30', in the Ḳánún, Lon. 66°, Lat. 14° 20', 16 parasangs from Ḍhafár.
Sirrain do.	76	47	20	.	The min. of Lon. in the text are wrong. There are two places of this name. One on the sea-shore near Mekka, and the other one of the dependencies of Ṣanạá; the latter is meant. v. Nie­buhr, 238.
Ḥali-ibn-Yáḳúb do.	70	20	18	30	Deg. of Lat. omitted in text, 19 para­sangs, S. of Sirrain. Abulf.
Khaiwán do.	70	21	15	20	Formerly residence of the Himyarite kings. The ruins of an ancient palace still to be seen. Abulf. II, I, 128. Niebuhr, 229 Yáḳút.
Ṣạdah do.	70	20	16	.	16 parasangs from Ṣanạá, a flourishing town. Abulf. 128.
Ḍhafár do.	70	30	18	20	Yáḳúṭ gives Lon. 78°, Lat. 15° and says there are two of the name, one near anạá, a seat of the Hiniyarite kings; the other, well-known on the shore of the Arabian Sea on El Shehr.
Jurash, a town of Omán on the sea coast.	70	50	17	.	Yáḳúṭ and Abulf. place it in Yemen, abounding in palm trees, its staple manufacture the dressing of leather.
Ṣuhár in Oman	84	.	19	20	Well-known, on the sea coast of Omán.
Extremity of the province of Mahrah in Yemen.	85	.	16	.	In the Aṭwal, Lon. 73° Lat. 16°, a depen­dancy of Yemen, their language apparently the Himyarite dialect, famous for its camels called Mahriyah, though other accounts say that the name is from a chief of a tribe, called Mahrah son of Haydán. Abulf. 138, Yáḳúṭ confirms the latter derivation. He gives the Lon. 64° and Lat. 27° 30' and says that a month's journey separates it from Omán and Haḍramaut. A camel of Mahrah is mentioned in the 19 Assembly of Al Ḥaríri.
Island of Ránij in the Indian Ocean.	104	.	15	.	Properly, Lábij. These islands are probably those of the Java Archipelago, and are the same as those called Maha­ráj above-mentioned. Abulf. Guyard II, II, 126, and Index to Lábij.
Tánah on the Indian Ocean	102	.	19	20	Thanah, Bombay.
Mạbar in India	102	.	17	20	Coromandel. Ibn Saíd gives the Lon. 142°. Abulf. II, II, 121.
Kaulam in India, here pep­per and brazil wood in great abundance.	102	.	18	30	Ibn Said. Lon. 132°, Lat. 12°. Aṭwál, Lon. 110°, Lat. 13° 30'. This is Quilon in the Travancore State; the Coilum of Marco Polo: besides pepper and brazil wood, celebrated for the ginger known as Columbine in the middle ages. I. G.
Zaitún on the frontier of China.	154	.	17	6	Tseou thoung or Tsiuan-tcheou. Abulf. II, II, 123. It was visited by Ibn. Baṭúṭah (IV, 269) called by the translators Thsiuan-tchou-fou.
Súfárah, China	104	55	19	20	There are but two of this name in Abulf., one in Africa below Zanzibar, the other in India, a flourishing part known for its good fisheries and pearls, five marches from Sindán.
Sindán in China	114	20	19	50	In Abulf. another reading is said to be Sindápur, placed by one authority at 3 day's march from Tánah on the frontier between Guzerat and Malabar. Another account places it within its 15 parasangs of Manṣúrah. Yáḳúṭ places it between Daybul and Manṣúrah.
Khánḳú in China	150	.	14	.	This is on the Hang-tcheou. Abulf. II, II, Guyard, but the Lon. is 162°, according to the Kanún and Aṭwál.
Khánjú do.	162	.	14	.	According to Abulf. both these towns are situated on the river, as the Arabs believed that all the rivers of China were ramifications of a single stream. If this be the Yang-tsze-kiang, the towns of Hangkow and Hwang-choo seem to answer this description, as Abulf. says that Tájah (Taichow) is to E. of Khanjow. Their identification is not attempted by Guyard.
Sandábil in China, a city of the first magnitude.		Caret.			Not mentioned by Abulf., but this is evi­dently a corruption of Khán-báligh a well-known name of Pekin already mentioned in Vol. II, p. 118, see De. Guig. Hist. des. Huns. III, 147. Yáḳúṭ describes Sandábil in terms that leave no doubt as to its identity. It is the Cambalu of Marco Polo.
Samandán	.	.	.	.
Alláḳi, said by some to be in the 2nd climate.	.	.	.	.	The Aṭwál gives the Lon. 58°, Lat. 26°, Kanún, 55°, Lat. 27°. Ibn Sayd., Lon. 63°, Lat. 20°, 3'; a town in the Beja country on the Red Sea litoral. The mountain of Alláḳi contains a gold mine. It is 12 marches E. of Assouán. See D'Herbelot.
Sofálah of India, here is found a bird that talks better than a parriot.	.	.	.	.	Of this town Gildemeister says, (De Reb. Indicis, p. 45). “Huc pertinet urbs Sufára de cujus situ omnis interiit memoria; ex sola nominum serie colligi potest eam Barog (Broach?), et Tanam quarendam. “The Taḳwímu'l Buldán gives the name only and confesses ignorance of its situation. McCrindle says that Dr. Burgess has satisfactorily identified it with Supara, 6 miles north of Bassein. It figured largely in the controversy on the situation of Ophir, being almost identical with that name when it assumes, as it often does, an initial S. becoming Sophara as in the Septuagint and Sofir the Coptic name for India.
Shahnaj	.	.	.	.	The text suggests Shanjú.
Káa, between Oman and Haḍramaut	.	.	.	.	Mentioned by Yáḳúṭ as a pilgrim's sta­tion on the road to Mecca after leaving Aḳabah.
Lanjúyah, a large island near the Zanj country, the vine here bears thrice a year.	.	.	.	.	Lánjuyah, according to Yáḳúṭ is a large island capital of the Zanj kingdom fre­quented by ships from every port, now deserted, the inhabitants who are Mus­lims having moved to another island called Tambatu. He also mentions the fruitfulness of its vines. This is the island of Zanzibar, which in Custs' map (modern Languages of Africa) is marked Ungujah.
Alanjah one of the towns of north Africa, has an emerald mine.	.	.	.	.	I find no other trace of this name, but it is again referred to under the 2nd Climate as an emerald mine. The Nuzhat ul Mushtáḳ says that near Assouan south of the Nile, there is a mountain with an emerald mine and this gem is found alone here.
Shílá (or Shablā)	.	.	.	.	A district called Shilha is marked in Cust's map of North Africa opposite the Canaries and stretches towards the Mediterranean.
Ḳulzum on the Red Sea litoral.	.	.	.	.	The ancient Clysma. See Niebuhr Desc. de l'Arab. p. 357. Abulf. gives the location according to the Atwal. Lon. 54° 15' Lal. 29° 30' Kánún, Lon. 56° 30' Lat. 28° 20' and places it in the 3rd Climate.
Bakíl in Yemen, here a tree grows from which they extract a poison.	.	.	.	.	The text has Bakbal, which is an error. Niebuhr (p. 225) treats of the allied clans of Hashid and Bakíl at some length and gives their romantic origin. Yáḳúṭ speaks of this tree without naming it and says it is as much or more prized and guarded by the people there than the balsam by the Egyptians. It was in special request for removing crowned heads and the chiefs of the Bani Najah and their minis­ters are distinguished by having been the frequent subjects of experiment as to the deadly effects of its poison.
Kạárah	.	.	.	.	A village in Yemen, in the neighbourhood of Ḍamar. Yáḳúṭ.
Takrúr					Name of a town, capital of a district of the same; the Lon. 17° Lat. 3° 30'. Ibn Sayd. Situated on the banks of the Niger. D'Herbelot places it to the W. of and 2 days' journey from Sálah on the same river and 140 days' journey from Sejelmásah now Tafilet. The Takrúr country corresponds, according to Rei­naud, with the region of which Tim­buctoo is the principal town.
Rámani	.	.	.	.	Yáḳúṭ gives a village of this name two leagues distant from Bokhara, now in ruins. Reinaud mentions an island called Alramni said to be near Ceylon which produced elephants and brazil wood and inhabited by cannibals, said by Abn Zayd to be among the Zabij islands, i. e., Java Archipelago. Geog. Abulf. I. CDVI.
Ḳalhát, in Yemen	.	.	.	.	A port on the coast of Oman, visited by ships from India and one of its best towns, not older than the 5th century of the Hijra, Yáḳú. It is marked in Niebuhr's map of Oman p. 265. Desc. de l'Arab.
Muạllá, in Yemen	.	.	.	.	A small town of Ḥijáz. Yáḳúṭ.
Madinat-u't-Ṭayyib, in Yemen.	.	.	.	.	Medínah is mentioned by Niebuhr as applied to Sanạa in Yemen, but I do not find the following epithet. Sanạa has already been given and the Medinah <Greek> comes in the next climate with a similar epithet some­what differently written.
Sahar, in Yemen	.	.	.	.	Niebuhr gives the name with a different spelling <Arabic> as a small coast town in Yemen in the province of Yafạ from which incense is exported. Abulf. places it between Aden and Ḍhafár.