1. The family of Tamím Anṣári during the ascendancy of the House of Umayyah.
2. The Sumra (Rájpút) line of 36 princes, reigned 500 years, (according to Ferishta—100—their names unrecorded).
3. Of the Samma dynasty.
| Years | Months | D. | |
| Jám Unar, reigned, | 3 | 6 | 0 |
| ” Júná, his brother, | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| ” Banhatiyah, | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| ” Tamáchi, his brother, | 13 | and some months. | |
| ” Ṣaláḥu'ddín, | 11 | and do. | |
| ” Nizámu'ddín, his son, | 2 | and a fraction. | |
| ” Ali Shér Tamáchi, | 6 | and some months. | |
| ” Karán, son of Tamáchi, | 0 | 0 | 1½ |
| Fateḥ Khán, son of Sikandar, | 11 | and some months. | |
| Tughlak, his brother, | 28 | 0 | 0 |
| Mubárak, the chamberlain, | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Sikandar, b. Fatḥ Khán, | 1 | 6 | 0 |
| Sanjar, commonly called Rádhan (var. and G. Rádman, | 8 | and some months. | |
| Jám Nizámu'ddín, known as Jám Nandá, (see Vol. I, p. 362), | 60 | and some months. | |
| Jám Firóz, his son. | |||
| ” Ṣaláḥu'ddín a relation of Firóz, | |||
| ” Firóz, a second time. | |||
In former times, there lived a Rájá named Siharas* whose capital was Alór. His sway extended eastwards, as far as Kashmír and towards the west to Mekrán, while the sea confined it on the south and the mountains on the north. An invading army entered the country from Persia, in opposing which the Rájá lost his life. The invaders contenting themselves with devastating part of the territory, returned. Ráe Sáhi, the Rájá's son, succeeded his father, by whose enlightened wisdom and the aid of his intelligent minister Rám, justice was universally administered and the repose of the country secured. A Bráhman named Jach* of an obscure station in life, attached himself to the minister's service and by flattery and address made himself of much consequence and was advanced to a post of dignity, and on the death of the minister, was chosen to succeed him. He basely and dishonourably carried on an intrigue with the Rájá's wife, which the Rájá, notwithstanding its disclosure to him by the ministers of State, refused to credit. During the Rájá's illness, the wicked wretch, in collusion with this shameless paramour, sent for the generals of the army separately, on pretence of consulting them and set them apart, and by seductive promises won over the several enemies of each to accomplish their death. When they were put out of the way and the Rájá too had breathed his last, he assumed the sovereignty.
The pursuers of worldly interests attached themselves to his cause and he took the Ráni to wife, thus garnering eternal pordition, but he laboured for the prosperity and increase of his dominions and seized upon Kach (Gandává), and Mekrán.
During the Caliphate of Omar (b. u'l) Khaṭṭab, Mughírah Abu'l Aáṣ* advanced by way of Bahrain to Debal, but the troops there opposed him and he was killed in the engagement. In the Caliphate of Othmán an intelligent explorer* was sent to ascertain the condition of Sind, and an army of invasion was under orders. The messenger, however, reported that if a large force were sent, supplies would fail, and a small one would effect nothing and he added many dissuasive representations. The Prince of the Faithful, Ali, despatched troops that occupied the borders of Debal but on hearing of the death of the Caliph they withdrew in haste to Mekrán. Muáwiyah twice despatched an army to Sind and on both occasions many of the troops perished.
Chach died after a prosperous reign of 40 years, and his youngest son Dáhir succeeded him on the throne. In the caliphate of Walíd. b. Abdu'l Malik, when Hajjáj was governor of Iráḳ, he despatched on his own authority Muḥammad Ḳásim his cousin and son-in-law to Sind who fought Dáhir in several engagements.* On Thnrsday the 10th of Ramazán A. H. 99, (17th April 717) the Rájá was killed in action and the territory of Tattah became subject to the invaders. The two daughters of Rájá Dáhir, who had been made captive were sent with some valuable presents to the Caliph. In a spirit of revenge, they deceitfully represented to the Caliph that Muḥammad Ḳásim had dishonoured them. He therefore abstained from visiting them, and in a fit of fury gave orders that Ḳásim should be stuffed into a raw hide and despatched to his presence. The commands of the Caliph reached him when he was about to march against Hari Chand, king of Kanauj, and he obediently submitted to them. When he was thus carried to the court, the Caliph exhibited the spectacle to the two princesses who expressed their gratification in viewing the slayer of their father in this condition. This decision of the Caliph excites astonishment inasmuch as it was pronounced without deliberate investigation. It is the duty of just princes not to be swayed by the representation of any one individual, but to be circumspect in their inquiries, since truth is rare and falsehood prevalent, and more especially in regard to the recipients of their favour, towards whom the world burns with envy without just cause of resentment. Against the outwardly plausible and inwardly vicious they should be particularly on their guard, for many are the wicked and factious who speciously impose by their affected merit and by their misrepresentations bring ruin on the innocent.
After Muḥammad Ḳásim's death, the sovereignty of this country devolved on the descendants of the Banu Tamím Anṣári.* They were succeeded by the Súmrah race who established their rule and were followed by the Sammas who asserted their descent from Jamshíd, and each of them assumed the name of Jám. In the reign of Jám Bánhatiyah* Sulṭán Fíróz Sháh on three occasions led an army from Delhi against that prince, and obtained some conspicuous successes. On the third occasion, he took him prisoner and carried him to Delhi, leaving Sind under charge of his own officials. Subsequently being satisfied with his good will and capacity he reinstated him in his government. On the death of Jám Tughlak, the chamberlain Mubárak succeeded him through the efforts of a vain and seditious faction, and was followed by Sikandar the son of Jám Fatḥ Khán.
During the reign of Jám Nandá, Sháh Beg Arghún made a descent from Ḳandahár and took Séwi and leaving the command of it to his brother Sulṭán Muḥammad, returned to Ḳandahár. The Jám marched a force against Muḥammad who was killed in action. Sháh Beg made a second incursion and took possession of Sehwán and a considerable part of Sind and leaving his conquests in charge of his own people, withdrew.
In the reign of Jám Fíróz, a relative of his named Ṣaláḥu'ddín rose in rebellion and failing in his attempt, took refuge with Sulṭán Maḥmúd of Gujarát who received him graciously and assisted him with an army; Daryá Khán the prime minister of Jám Fíróz espoused his cause and the kingdom of Sind fell under his power without a blow. Subsequently the said Daryá Khán determined to restore Jám Fíróz who had withdrawn into private life, but who thus recovered his kingdom. Ṣaláḥu'ddín a second time advanced from Gujarát with a force furnished by the Sulṭán and occupied Sind. Fíróz retired to Ḳandahár and Sháh Beg supplied him with troops, and an engagement took place near Sehwán in which Ṣaláḥu'ddín and his son were slain. Thus Fíróz was again established in his kingdom. In the year A. H. 929* (A. D. 1522-3) Sháh Beg took possession of Sind and Jám Fíróz retired to Gujarát, gave his daughter in marriage to Sulṭán Bahádur and was attached to the Court in the ranks of its nobles. Sind was now subject to Sháh Beg. This prince was the son of Mír Zu'n Nún Beg, the commander-in-chief of Sulṭán Husain Mirzá,* who received the government of Ḳandahár. He fell fighting bravely against Shaibak Khán Uzbek who was engaged in hostilities with the sons of Sulṭán Husain Mirzá. His eldest son succeeded to the government of Ḳandahár, a prince of distinguished valour and versed in the learning of his age. At his death, his son Sháh Ḥusain ascended the throne and wrested Multán from Sulṭán Maḥmúd. After him Mirzá Isá son of Abdu'l Ali Tarkhán* succeeded, followed by Muḥammad Payandah* but this prince being subject to fits of mental estrangement, did not personally administer the government. Mirzá Jáni Beg, his son assumed the direction of affairs till His Majesty's victorious troops advanced into the country and reduced it to order, and Mirzá Jáni Beg was enrolled in the ranks of his nobility.