It is situated in the second climate. Its length from Sinjhauli in the Jaunpúr district to the southern hills* is 160 kos; its breadth from Chausa ferry to Ghátampúr 122 kos. On the East is Behár. To the North, Oudh. Bándhú* lies to the South and Agra to the West.

Its principal rivers are the Ganges and the Jumna, and there are. other smaller streams such as the A´rand,* Ken, Sarú (Sarjú), Barna, &c.

Its climate is healthy. It produces a variety of fruits, flowers and garden herbs, and it has always an abundant supply of melons and grapes. Agriculture is in a flourishing state. Jowári* and Lahdarah, however, do not grow and Moth is scarce. Cloths, such as Jhóli,* and Mihrkal and the like are beautifully woven, especially at Benáres, Jalálábád and Mau At Jaunpúr, Zafarwál and other places woollen carpets are manufactured. A variety of game is also to be found.

Illahabád anciently called Priyág was distinguished by His Imperial Majesty by the former name. A stone fort was completed and many handsome edifices erected. The Hindús regard it as the King of shrines. Near it, the Ganges, the Jumna and the Saraswati meet, though the latter is not visible. Near the village of Kantat considerable captures of ele­phants are made. What is most strange is that when Jupiter enters the constellation Leo, a small hill appears from out of the Ganges and remains there during the space of one month upon which the people offer divine worship.

Báránasi, universally known as Benares, is a large city situated between the two rivers, the Barna and the Ási.* In ancient books, it is styled Kási. It is built in the shape of a bow of which the Ganges forms the string. In former days there was here an idol temple, round which pro­cession was made after the manner of the kaạbah and similar ceremonials of the pilgrims conducted. From time immemorial, it has been the chief seat of learning in Hindustán. Crowds of people flock to it from the most distant parts for the purpose of instruction to which they apply themselves with the most devoted assiduity. Some particulars of its history shall be related in what follows.

In A. H. 410 Sulṭán Maḥmúd of Ghazní marched hither, and some disruption of the old faith was effected. In A. H. 416, he again invaded the country. He first invested Gwalior but raised the siege under a treaty of peace. He then resolved to take the fort of Kálinjar. The governor sent him 300 elephants with his respectful submission and proffered some eulogistic verses. Maḥmúd was so much pleased that he bestowed on him the governorship of the fort together with the charge of fourteen other places.

Jaunpúr is a large city. Sulṭán Fíroz (Tughlak) king of Delhi laid its foundations and named it after his cousin Fakhrúddín Jaunah.* Its longitude is 190° 6"; its latitude 26° 15".

Chanádah (Chanár) is a stone fort on the summit of a hill, scarce equalled for its loftiness and strength. The river Ganges flows at its foot.

In its vicinity, there is a tribe of men who go naked, living in the wilds, and subsist by their bows and arrows and the game they kill. Elephants are also found in the forests.

Kálinjar is a stone fortress situated upon a heaven-reaching* hill. No one can trace its origin. It contains many idol temples and an idol is there, called Káli Bhairon,* 18 cubits high, of which marvellous tales are related. Springs rise within the fort and there are many tanks. Adjoin­ing it is a dense forest in which wild elephants, and kestrels and hawks and other animals are trapped.* Ebony is here found and many kinds of fruits grow spontaneously. There is also an iron mine. In the neigh­bourhood, within eight kos, the peasants find small diamonds.

It is said that Rájá Kírat Singh the governor of the fort possessed six precious treasures, a learned Bráhman of saintly life, a youth of great beauty and amiable disposition, a parrot that answered any questions put to it and some say, remembered everything that it heard, a musician named Bakshú unequalled in the knowledge and practice of his art, and two handmaidens lovely to behold and skilled in song. Sulṭán Báhadur Gujrátí having formed a friendship with the Rájá asked him for one of these. The Rájah generously and with a provident wisdom sent him Bakshú. Next Sher Khán of the House of Súr requested the gift of the two wonderful songstresses, and when his messenger returned without them, he invested the fort. Works were erected and the besieged were reduced to great straits. In despair, the Rájá, after the manner of the Hindus who hold their honour dear, burnt his women, for in the slumber­ing of his reason, he had set his affections upon the things of this fleeting life, and so giving his body to ashes, according to the desire of his enemies, he became soiled with the dust of dissolution. As to Sher Khán, who had conceived this wicked design, he fell at the powder magazine when the fire opened on the fort and the harvest of his life was consumed.*

In the village of Modha high and low are distinguished for their comeliness.

This Súbah contains ten Sarkárs, and 177 Parganahs. Revenue 21 krors, 24 lakhs and 27,819 dáms (Rs. 53,10,695-7-9,) and 12 lakhs of betel leaves. Of these Parganahs 131 pay revenue from crops charged at special rates. Measured land 39,68,018 bighas, 3 biswas, yielding a revenue of 20 krors, 29 lakhs 71,224 dáms (Rs. 50,74,280-9). The remaining 46 Parganahs pay the general bigah rate. They are rated at 94 lakhs, 56,595 dáms (Rs. 2,36,424-14). Of this, 1 kror, 11 lakhs, 65,417 dáms (Rs. 279,135-6-6,) are Suyúrghál. The province furnishes 11,375 Cavalry, 237,870 Infantry and 323 elephants.

Note.—In the names of the parganahs under the following Sarkárs, I have altered the spelling where the variants allow, in accordance with Elliot's lists, as his personal acquaintance with their true pronunciation is probably more correct than those of my previous lists which were adapted as far as possible to reconcile the readings of Gladwin and Tieffenthaler. The discrepancies are slight and will not interfere with their recognition.

Súbah of Ilahábád. Sarkárs.	Súbah of Agra. Sarkárs.	Súbah of Oudh. Sarkárs.	Súbah of Delhi. Sarkárs.
Iláhábas.	Agra.	Garakhpúr.	Delhi.
Karrah.	Kanauj.		Rewári.
Korarah (Kora).	Kálpi.		Saháranpúr.
Kálinjar.	Kol.		Hisár Firozah.
Jaunpúr.	Tijárah.		Sambhal.
Gházipúr.	Irij.		Badáon.
Benares.	Sahár.
Chanár.