A´I´N 30.
ON PERFUMES.

His Majesty is very fond of perfumes, and encourages this department from religious motives. The court-hall is continually scented with ambergis, aloewood, and compositions according to ancient recipes, or mixtures invented by his Majesty; and incense is daily burnt in gold and silver censers of various shapes, whilst sweet-smelling flowers are used in large quantities. Oils are also extracted from flowers, and used for the skin and the hair. I shall give a few recipes.

1. Santúk is used for keeping the skin fresh: 1½ tólahs Civet; 1 t. Chúwah;* 2 máshahs Chambélí essence; 2 bottles of rose-water. 2. Argajah, ¾ s. sandel wood; 2 t. Iksír and Míd; 3 t. Chúwah; 1 t. violet root, and géhlah (the seed of a plant); ½ m. camphor; 11 bottles of rose-water. It is used in summer for keeping the skin cool. 3. Gulkámah. Pound together 1 t. best Ambergis; ½ t. Ládan; 2 t. best musk; 4 t. wood of aloes, and 8 t. Iksír i 'abír; and put it into a porcelain vessel, mix with it a sér of the juice of the flower called Gul í surkh, and expose it to the sun, till it dries up. Wet it in the evening with rose-water and with the extract of the flower called Bahár, and pound it again on Samáq stone. Let it stand for ten days, mix it with the juice of the flower called Bahár i Náranj, and let it dry. During the next twenty days, add occasionally some juice of the black Raihán (also called black Názbúi). A part of this mixture is added to the preceding. 4. Rúhafzá, 5 s. Aloewood; 1¼ s. Sandelwood; 1¼ s. Ládan; Iksír, Lúbán, Dhúp (a root brought from Kashmír), 3½ t. of each; 20 t. violet root; 10 t. Ushnah, called in Hind. Chharílah. Press till it gets tenacious like syrup. To be made into cakes with four bottles of rose-water. It is burnt in censers, and smells very fine. 5. Opatnah is a scented soap. 2¾ s. Ládan; 1½ s. 5 d. Aloewood; the same quantity of Bahár i Náranj, and 1½ s. of its bark; 1 s. 10 d. Sandelwood; 1 s. 5 d. Sumbul uṭṭíb, called in Hind. Chhar; the same quantity of Ushnah; 38½ t. musk; 1 s. 4 t. páchah leaves; 36 t. apples; 11 t. Su'd, called in Hind. Mót'h; 5 d. violet root; 1 t. 2 m. Dhúp; 1½ t. Ikankí (a kind of grass); the same quantity of Zurumbád, called in Hind. kachúr, (zerumbet); 1 t. 2 m. Lúbán; 106 bottles of rose-water; 5 bottles of extract of Bahár. Pound the whole, sift it, and boil slowly in rose-water. When it has become less moist, let it dry. 6. 'Abírmáyah,* 4 d. Aloewood; 2 d. Sandelwood; 1 d. violet root; 3 d. Sumbuluṭṭíb; 3 d. Duwálak; 4 t. musk of Khatá (Cathay); 2½ d. Ládan; 7½ d. Bahár i Náranj. Pound, and sift, boil over a slow fire in 10 bottles of rose-water, and put it into the shade to dry. 7. Kishtah, 24 t. Aloewood; 6½ Ládan, Lúbán, and Sandelwood; Iksír and Dhúp, 2 t. of each; violet root and musk, 2 t.; 1 t. Ushnah; mix with 50 t. refined sugar, and boil gently in 2 bottles of rose-water. It is made into cakes. It smells very fine when burnt, and is exhilarating. 8. Bukhúr, 1 s. Aloewood and Sandelwood; ¼ s. Ládan; 2 t. musk; 5 t. Iksír; mix with two sérs of refined sugar and one bottle of rosewater over a slow fire. 9. Fatílah, 5 s. Aloewood; 72 t. Sandelwood; Iksír and Ládan, 20 t. of each; 5 t. Violet root; 10 t. Lúbán; 3 t. refined sugar; mix with two bottles of rose-water, and make into tapers. 10. Bárját, 1 s. Aloewood; 5 t. Ládan; 2 t. musk; 2 t. Sandelwood; 1 t. Lúbán; ½ t. Camphor. Then distill it like Chúwah, (vide below). 11 'Abír-Iksír, ¾ s. Sandelwood; 26 t. Iksír; 2 t. 8 m. musk. Pound it, and dry it in the shade. 12. Ghasúl (a liquid soap), 35 t. Sandelwood; 17 t. Katúl (?)*; 1 t. musk; 1 t. Chúwah; 2 m. Camphor; 2 m. Míd. Mix with 2 bottles of rose-water.