I shall now speak of the sages of the period and classify them according to their knowledge, casting aside all differences of creed. His Majesty who is himself the leader of the material and the ideal worlds, and the sovereign over the external and the internal, honours five classes of sages as worthy of attention. And yet all five, according to their light, are struck with his Majesty's perfection, the ornament of the world. The first class, in the lustre of their star, perceive the mysteries of the external and the internal, and in their understanding and the breadth of their views fully comprehend both realms of thought, and acknowledge to have received their spiritual power from the throne of his Majesty. The second class pay less attention to the external world; but in the light of their hearts they acquire vast knowledge. The third class do not step beyond the arena of observation (nazar), and possess a certain knowledge of what rests on testimony. The fourth class look upon testimony as something filled with the dust of suspicion, and handle nothing without proof. The fifth class are bigoted, and cannot pass beyond the narrow sphere of revealed testimony. Each class has many subdivisions.
I do not wish to set up as a judge and hold forth the faults of people. The mere classification was repugnant to my feelings; but truthfulness helps on the pen.
1. Shaikh Mubárak of Nágor.*
Vide p. 490. The Ṭabaqát also mentions a Shaikh Mubárak of Alwar, and a Sayyid Mubárak of Gwáliár.
2. Shaikh Nizám.
Abul Fazl either means the renowned Nizámuddín of Amet'hí, near Lak'hnau, of the Chishtí sect, who died A. H, 979; or Nizámuddín of Nárnaul, of the same sect, who died in 997.
3. Shaikh Adhan.
He also belonged to the Chishtís, and died at Jaunpúr in 970.
4. Miyán Wajíhuddín.
Died at Ahmadábád in 998. The Ṭabaqát mentions a contemporary, Shaikh Wajíhuddín Gujrátí, who died in 995.
5. Shaikh Ruknuddín.
He was the son of Shaikh 'Abdul Quddús of Gango. Badáoní saw him at Dihlí at the time of Bairám's fall.
6. Shaikh 'Abdul 'Azíz (of Dihlí).
7. Shaikh Jaláluddín.
He belongs to T'hanesar, and was the pupil and spiritual successor (khalífah) of 'Abdul Quddús of Gango. Died 989.
8. Shaikh Iláhdiyah.
Iláhdiyah is Hindústání for the Persian Iláhdád, ‘given (diyá) by God,’ ‘Theodore.’ He lived at Khairábád, and died in 993.
9. Mauláná Husámuddín.
“Mauláná Husámuddín Surkh of Láhor. He differed from the learned of Láhor, and studied theology and philosophy. He was very pious.” Ṭabaqát.
10. Shaikh 'Abdul Ghafúr.
He belongs to A'zampúr in Sambhal, and was the pupil of 'Abdul Quddús. died in 995.
11. Shaikh Panjú.
He was wrongly called Bechú on p. 104, note 2. He died in 969. Badáoní II., 53.
12. Mauláná Ismá'íl.
He was an Arabian, and the friend of Shaikh Husain, who taught in Humáyún's Madrasah at Dihlí. He was a rich man, and was killed by some burglars that had broken into his house.
| 13. | Madhú Sarsutí. | 18. | Rámtírt'h. |
| 14. | Madhúsúdan. | 19. | Nar Sing. |
| 15. | Náráin Asram. | 20. | Parmindar. |
| 16. | Harijí Súr. | 21. | A´dit. |
| 17. | Damúdar Bhat. |
22. Shaikh Ruknuddín Mahmúd* Kamángar (the bow maker).
23. Shaikh Amánullah.
24. Khwájah 'Abdushshahíd.
He is the son of Khwájagán Khwájah, son of the renowned Khwájah Ahrár. Vide No. 17, p. 322, and No. 108, p. 423. He died in 982, and was buried at Samarqand. He had been for twenty years in India, and held a jágír in Parganah <Arabic>, in the Bárí Duáb, where he maintained two thousand poor.
25. Shaikh Músá.
He was a smith (áhangar), and performed many miracles. He died in the beginning of Akbar's reign, and was buried at Láhor. The elder brother of Shaikh Salím i Chishtí also was called Shaikh Músá; vide p. 402. Vide also below, No. 102.
26. Bábá Balás.
27. Shaikh 'Aláuddín Majzúb. Vide Badáoní III., 61.
28. Shaikh Yúsuf Harkun.
The Ṭabaqát calls him Shaikh Yúsuf Harkun Majzúb of Láhor.
29. Shaikh Burhán.
He lived as a recluse in Kálpí, and subsisted on milk and sweetmeats, denying himself water. He knew no Arabic, and yet explained the Qurán. He was a Mahdawí. He died in 970 at the age of one hundred years, and was buried in his cell.
30. Bábá Kipúr.
Shaikh Kipúr Majzúb of Gwáliár, a Husainí Sayyid, was at first a soldier, then turned a bhíshtí, and supplied widows and the poor with water. He died in 979 from a fall from his gate.
31. Shaikh Abú Is-háq Firang. Vide Badáoní III., 48.
32. Shaih Dáúd.
He is called Jhanníwál from Jhanní near Láhor. His ancestors had come from Arabia and settled at Sítpúr in Multán, where Dáúd was born. Badáoní (III., p. 28) devotes eleven pages to his biography. He died in 982.
33. Shaikh Salím i Chishtí.
He was a descendant of Shaikh Faríd i Shakarganj, and lived in Fathpúr Síkrí, highly honoured by Akbar. Jahángír was called after him Salím. He died in 979. Several of his relations have been mentioned above, pp. 402, 492.
34. Shaikh Muhammad Ghaus of Gwáliár.
Vide No. 173, p. 457.
| 35. | Rám Bhadr. | 36. | Jadrúp. |
37. Mír Fathullah of Shíráz.
Vide pp. 33, 104, 199, 274. His brother was a poet and wrote under the takhalluç of Fárighí; vide Badáoní III., 292. His two sons were Mír Taqí and Mír Sharíf.
38. Mír Murtazá.
He is not to be confounded with Mír Murtazá, No. 162, p. 449. Mír Murtazá Sharíf of Shíráz died in 974 at Dihlí, and was buried at the side of the poet Khusrau, from where his body was taken to Mashhad. He had studied the Hadís under the renowned Ibn Hajar in Makkah, and then came over the Dak'hin to A´grah. Vide Akbarnámah II., 278, 337.
39. Mauláná Sa'íd of Turkistán.
He came in 968 from Máwará-lnahr to A´grah. Bad. II., 49. He died in Kábul in 970; l. c., III., 152.
40. Háfiz of Táshkand.
He is also called Háfiz Kumakí. He came in 977 from Táshkand to India, and was looked upon in Máwará-lnahr as a most learned man. He had something of a soldier in him, and used to travel about, like all Turks, with the quiver tied to his waist. He went over Gujrát to Makkah, and from there to Constantinople, where he refused a vazírship. Afterwards he returned to his country, where he died. Vide Badáoní II., 187.