This is the origin of Sulṭán Muzaffar, who subsequently caused Akbar's generals so much trouble (vide pp. 326, 334, 335).

I't. was thus again at the head of the government; but the Amírs parcelled out the country among themselves, so that each was almost independent. The consequence was, that incessant feuds broke out among them. I't. himself was involved in a war with Chingiz Khán, son of I'timádul Mulk, a Turkish slave. Chingiz maintained that Sulṭán Muzaffar, if genuine, should be the head of the state; and as he was strengthened by the rebellious Mírzás, to whom he had afforded protection against Akbar, I't. saw no chance of opposing him, left the Sulṭán, and went to Dúngarpúr. Two nobles, Alif Khán and Jhujhár Khán, took Sulṭán Muzaffar to him, went to Chingiz in Ahmadábád, and killed him (Chingiz) soon after. The Mírzás seeing how distracted the country was, took possession of Bahroṉch and Súrat. The general confusion only increased, when Sulṭán Muzaffar fled one day to Sher Khán Fúládí and his party, and I't. retaliated by informing Sher Khán that Nat'hú was no prince at all. But Sher Khán's party attributed this to I't.'s malice, and besieged him in Ahmad­ábád. I't. then fled to the Mírzás, and soon after to Akbar, whose attention he drew to the wretched state of Gujrát.

When Akbar, in the 17th year, marched to Patan, Sher Khán's party had broken up. The Mírzás still held Bahroṉch; and Sulṭán Muzaffar, who had left Sher Khán, fell into the hands of Akbar's officers (vide No. 361). I'timád and other Gujrátí nobles had in the meantime proclaimed Akbar's accession from the pulpits of the mosques and struck coins in his name. They now waited on the Emperor. Barodah, Champánír, and Súrat were given to I't. as tuyúl; the other Amírs were confirmed, and all charged themselves with the duty of driving away the Mírzás. But they delayed and did nothing; some of them, as Ikhtiyárul-Mulk, even fled, and others who were attached to Akbar, took I't. and several grandees to the Emperor, apparently charging them with treason. I't. fell into disgrace, and was handed over to Shahbáz Khán (No. 80) as prisoner.

In the 20th year, I't. was released, and charged with the superintendence of the Imperial jewels and gold vessels. In the 22nd year, he was permitted to join the party who under Mír Abú Turáb (vide p. 198) went to Makkah. On his return, he received Patan as jágír.

In the 28th year, on the removal of Shihábuddín Ahmad (No. 26), he was put in charge of Gujrát, and went there accompanied by several distinguished nobles, though Akbar had been warned; for people remembered I't.'s former inability to allay the fac­tions in Gujrát. No sooner had Shiháb handed over duties than his servants rebelled. I't. did nothing, alleging that Shiháb was responsible for his men; but as Sulṭán Muzaffar had been successful in Kát'híwár, I't. left Ahmadábád, and went to Shiháb, who on his way to Court had reached Karí, 20 kos from Ahmadábád. Muzaffar used the opportunity and took Ahmadábád, Shiháb's men joining his standard.

Shiháb and I't. then shut themselves up in Patan, and had agreed to withdraw from Gujrát, when they received some auxiliaries, chiefly in a party of Gujrátís who had left Muzaffar, to try their luck with the Imperialists. I't. paid them well, and sent them under the command of his son, Sher Khán, against Sher Khán Fúládí, who was repulsed. In the meantime M. 'Abdurrahím (No. 29) arrived. Leaving I't. at Patan, he marched with Shiháb against Muzaffar.

I'timád died at Patan in 995. The Ṭabaqát puts him among the Commanders of Four Thousand.

In Abulfazl's opinion, Gujrátís are made up of cowardice, deceit, several good qualities, and meanness; and I'timád was the very type of a Gujrátí.

No. 68. Pa´yandah Kha´n, Mughul, son of Hájí Muhammad Khán Kokí's brother.

Hájí Muhammad and Sháh Muhammad, his brother, had been killed by Humá­yún for treason on his return from Persia. Hájí Muhammad was a man of great dar­ing, and his value, when he was faithful, was often acknowledged by the Emperor.

Páyandah, in the 5th year of Akbar's reign came with Mun'im from Kábul, and was ordered to accompany Adham Khán (No. 19) to Málwah. In the 19th year, he accom­panied Mun'im to Bengal. In the 22nd year, he served under Bhagwán Dás against Ráná Partáb. In the Gujrát war, he commanded M. 'Abdurrahím's (No. 29) haráwal.

In the 32nd year, he received G'horág'hát as jágír, whither he went.

This is all the Maásir says regarding Páyandah.

His full name was Muhammad Páyandah. He had a son Walí Beg who is mentioned below (No. 359).

From the Tuzuk, p. 144, we see that Páyandah died in 1024 A. H. Jahángír, in 1017, had pensioned him off, as he was too old. Tuz., p. 68.

No. 69. Jagannat'h, son of Rájah Bihárí Mall (No. 23).

He was a hostage in the hands of Sharafuddín Husain (No. 17; vide p. 329). After some time he regained his freedom and was well received by Akbar. He generally served with Mán Singh. In the 21st year, when Ráná Partáb of Maiwár opposed the Imperialists, Jagannát'h during an engagement when other officers had given way, held his ground, and killed with his own hands the renowned champion Rám Dás, son of Jai Mall. In the 23rd year, he received a jágír in the Panjáb, and was, in the 25th year, attached to the van of the army which was to prevent Mírzá Muhammad Hakím from invading the Panjáb. In the 29th year, he again served against the Ráná. Later he accompanied Mírzá Yúsuf Khán (No. 35) to Kashmír. In the 34th year, he served under Prince Murád in Kábul, and accompanied him, in the 36th year, to Málwah, of which the Prince had been appointed Governor. In the 43rd year, after several years' service in the Dak'hin, he left Murád without orders, and was for some time excluded from Court. On Akbar's return from the Dak'hin, J. met the emperor at Rantanbhúr, his jágír, and was then again sent to the Dak'hin.

In the 1st year of Jahángír, he served under Prince Parwíz against the Ráná, and was in charge of the whole army when the emperor, about the time Khusrau had been captured, called Parwíz to Court (Tuzuk, p. 33). In the same year, J. sup­pressed disturbances which Dalpat (p. 359) had raised at Nágor.

In the 4th year, he was made a Commander of Five Thousand, with 3000 horse.

Rám Chand,* his son. He was under Jahángír a Commander of Two Thousand, 1500 horse.

Rájah Manrúp, a son of Rám Chand. He accompanied Prince Sháhjahán on his rebellion, and got on his accession a Command of Three Thousand, with 2000 horse. He died in the 4th year of Sháhjahán. He had a son Gopál Sing'h.

70. Makhsu´s Kha´n, (younger) brother of Sa'íd Khán (No. 25).

He served under his brother in Multán. In the 23rd year, he served under Shahbáz Khán (No. 80) against Gajpatí, and three years later, he accompanied Prince Murád to Kábul, where he also served under Akbar, who had gone thither and pardoned his brother, M. Muhammad Hakím.

Subsequently, Makhçúç served under Prince Salím. In the 49th year, he was a Commander of Three Thousand.