This battle is one of the most important battles fought by Akbar's generals. It crushed the Afgháns, and decided the possession of Bengal and Upper Oṛísá. The MSS. of the Akbarnámah and the Maásir have <Arabic> Takarohí, and <Arabic> Takaroí. My copy of the Sawánih has the former spelling. A few copies of the Akbarnámah have <Arabic> Nakrohí. In Badáoní and the Ṭabaqát the battle of Takaroí is called the battle of <Arabic> (vide p. 318), which may be Bajhorah, Bachhorah, Bajhorh, or Bachhorh. Stewart's account of Mun'im's Oṛísá expedition (Vth Section), differs in many particulars from the Akbarnámah and the Ṭabaqát. He places the battle in the environs of Kaṭak, which is impossible, and his ‘Bukhtore’ is a blunder for <Arabic> ba chittuá, ‘in Chittuá,’ the final alif having assumed the shape of a <Arabic> re, and the <Arabic> that of <Arabic>. The Lucknow lithograph of the Akbarnámah, which challenges in corruptness the worst possible Indian MS., has ba chitor, in Chitor!

The Akbarnámah, unfortunately, gives but few geographical details. Todar Mall moved from Bardwán over Madáran* into the Parganah of Chittuá (<Arabic>), where he was subsequently joined by Mun'im. Dáúd had taken up a strong position at <Arabic>, Harpúr or Haripúr, “which lies intermediate (barzakhe) between Bengal and Oṛísá.” The same phrase (barzakhe), in other passages of the Akbarnámah, is applied to Chittuá itself. Dáúd's object was to prevent the Imperialists from entering Oṛísá, into which led but few other roads; “but Ilyás Khán Langáh shewed the victorious army an easier road,” and Mun'im entered the country, and thus turned Dáúd's position. The battle then takes place (20th Zí Qa'dah, 982, or A. D., 3rd March, 1575). After the battle Todar Mall leads the pursuit, and reaches with his corps the town of Bhadrak. Not long after, he writes to Mun'im to come and join him, as Dáúd had collected his troops near Kaṭak, and the whole army moves to Kaṭak, where a peace was concluded, which confirmed Dáúd in the possession of Kaṭak.

Now from the facts that the battle took place soon after the Imperialists had left Chittuá, which lies a little E. E. N. of Mednípúr (Midnapore), and that after the victory Rájah Todar Mall, in a pursuit of several days, pushed as far as Bhadrak, I was led to conclude that the battle must have taken place near Jalesar (Jellasore), and probably north of it, as Abulfazl would have mentioned the occupation of so large a town. On consulting the large Trigonometrical Map of Oṛísá lately published, I found on the road from Mednipúr to Jalesar the village of Mogulmaree* (Mughulmárí, i. e., Mughul's Fight), and about seven miles southwards, half ways between Mughul­márí and Jalesar, and two miles from the left bank of the Soobanreeka river, the village of Tookaroe.

According to the map the latitude of Mughulmárí is 22°, and that of Tookaroe, 21° 53 nearly.

There can be no doubt that this Tookaroe is the <Arabic>, Takaroí, of the Akbarnámah.

The battle extended over a large ground. Badáoní (II, p. 195, l. 3) speaks of three, four kos, i. e., about six miles, and thus the distance of Takaroí from Mughul­márí is accounted for.

I can give no satisfactory explanation of the name <Arabic>, by which the battle is called in the Ṭabaqát and Badáoní (II, 194, l. 2). It looks as if the name contained the word chaur which occurs so often in the names of Parganahs in the Jalesar and Balesar districts.

In Badáoní (Edit. Bibl. Indica, p. 196), and the Ṭabaqát, it is said that Todar Mall in his pursuit reached <Arabic> Kalkalgháṭí (?), not Bhadrak.

1.	Mun'im Khán, Khán Khánán,	8.	Hájí Yúsuf Khán, (No. 224).
	(18th Rajab). Vide p. 318.	9.	Sháh Ṭáhir, (No. 236).
2.	Hájí Khán Sístání, (No. 55).	10.	Háshim Khán.
3.	Haidar Khán, (No. 66).	11.	Muhsin Khán.
4.	Mírzá Qulí Khán, his brother.	12.	Qunduz Khán.
5.	Ashraf Khán, (No. 74).	13.	Abul Husain.
6.	Mu'inuddín Ahmad, (No. 128).	14.	Sháh Khalíl.
7.	La'l Khán, (No. 209).

56. Afzal Kha´n, Khwájah Sulṭán 'Alí* i Turbatí.

Regarding Turbatí, vide No. 37. He was Mushrif (accountant) of Humáyún's Treasury, and was, in 956, promoted to the post of Mushrif i Buyútát (store accoun­tant). In 957, when Mírzá Kámrán took Kábul, he imprisoned A. Kh., and forced him to pay large sums of money. On Humáyún's return to India, A. Kh. was made Mír Bakhshí, and got an 'alam. He was together with Tardí Beg (No. 12) in Dihlí, when Humáyún died. In the battle with Hemú, he held a command in the centre (qol), and his detachment gave way during Hemú's charge. A. Kh., together with Pír Muham­mad (No. 20) and Ashraf Khán (No. 74), fled from the battle-field, partly from hatred towards Tardí Beg—the old hatred of Khurásánís towards Uzbaks—, and retreated to Akbar and Bairám. As related above, Tardí Beg was executed by Bairám for this retreat, and A. Kh. and Ashraf Khán were convicted of malice and imprisoned. But both escaped and went to Makkah. They returned in the 5th year, when Bairám had lost his power, and were favorably received at Court. A. Kh. was made a Commander of three thousand.

‘Nothing else is known of him.’ Maásir.

57. Sha´hbeg Kha´n, son of Ibráhím Beg Harík (?)*

He is sometimes called Beg Khán (p. 313). He was an Arghún; hence his full name is Sháh Beg Khán Arghún. Under Jahángír he got the title of Khán Daurán.

He was in the service of Mírzá Muhammad Hakím of Kábul, Akbar's brother, and was Governor of Pasháwar. When after the Prince's death, Mán Singh, in 993, crossed the Níláb (p. 340) for Kábul, Sháh Beg took M. M. Hakím's two sons, Kai Qubád and Afrásiyáb, to Akbar, and received a mançab. Sh. B. distinguished himself in the war with the Yúsufzaís, and got Khusháb as jágír. He then served under the Khán Khánán in Sindh, and was for his bravery promoted to a command of 2500. In the 39th year Akkar sent him to Qandahár (p. 313), which Muzaffar Husain had ceded. During the time of his Governorship, Sh. B. succeeded in keeping down the notorious Kákar (<Arabic>) tribe. In the 42nd year, he was made a Commander of 3500. In the 47th year, Ghaznín was placed in his charge (vide No. 63).

Immediately after the accession of Jahángír, Husain Khán Shámlü, the Persian Governor at Harát, thinking Akbar's death would lead to disturbances, made war upon Sh. B. and besieged Qandahár, which he hoped to starve out. To vex him, Sh. B. gave every night feasts on the top of the castle before the very eyes of the enemies (Tuzuk, p. 33). One day, Husain Khán sent an ambassador into the Fort, and Sh. B., though provisions had got low, had every available store of grain spread out in the streets, in order to deceive the enemies. Not long after, Husain Sháh received a reprimand from Sháh 'Abbás for having besieged Qandahár ‘without orders,’ and Husain Khán, without having effected anything, had to raise the siege.

When Jahángír in 1016 (18th Çafar) visited Kábul,* Sh. B. paid his respects, was made a Commander of 5000, and received the title of Khán Daurán. He was also made Governor of Kábul (in addition to Qandahár), and was ordered to prepare a financial settlement for the whole of Afghánistán. After having held this office till the end of 1027, he complained of the fatigues incident to a residence in Kábul, horse-travelling and the drizzly state of the atmosphere of the country,* paid in the beginning of 1028 his respects at Court (Tuz., p. 257), and was appointed Governor of T'hat'hah.* He resigned, however, in the same year (Tuz., p. 275) and got the revenue of the Parganah of Khusháb assigned as pension (75,000 Rs.).