A few years later, he died at Láhor, at the age of seventy-seven.

7. Mi´rza´ Sha´hrukh, son of Mírzá Ibráhím.

Vide Nos. 5 and 6. Akbar, in 1001, gave him his daughter Shukrunnisá Begum, and made him governor of Málwah, and he distinguished himself in the conquest of the Dak'hin. Towards the end of Akbar's reign, he was made a Commander of seven thousand, and was continued in his Mançab by Jahángír.

He died at Ujain in 1016. His wife, Kábulí Begum, was a daughter of Mírzá Muhammad Hakím. She wanted to take his body to Madínah, but was robbed by the Badawís; and after handing over the body to some ‘scoundrels,’ she went to Baçrah, and then to Shíráz. In 1022, Sháh 'Abbás married her to Mírzá Sulṭán 'Alí, his uncle, whom he had blinded; but the Begum did not like her new husband.

Sháhrukh's Children. 1. Hasan and Husain, twins. Hasan fled with Khusrau and was imprisoned by Jahángír. 2. Badí'uzzamán (or Mírzá Fathpúrí), ‘a bundle of wicked bones,’ murdered by his brothers in Patan (Gujrát). 3. Mírzá Shujá' rose to honours under Sháhjahán, who called him Najábat Khán. 4. Mírzá Muhammad Zamán. He held a town in Badakhshán, and fell against the Uzbaks. 5. Mírzá Sulṭán, a favorite of Jahángír. He had many wives, and Jahángír would have given him his own daughter in marriage, if he had not perjured himself in trying to conceal the number of his wives. He fell in disgrace, was appointed governor of Gházípúr, where he died. 6. Mírzá Mughul, who did not distinguish himself either. The Tuzuk (p. 65) says that after the death of Sháhrukh, Jahángír took charge of four of his sons, and three of his daughters, ‘whom Akbar had not known.’ ‘Sháhrukh, though twenty years in India, could not speak a word of Hindí.’

8. Mirza Muzaffar Husain, son of Sulṭán Husain Mírzá son of Bahrám Mírzá, son of Sháh Ismá'íl i Çafawí.

In 965, Sháh Ṭahmásp of Persia (930 to 984) conquered Qandahár, which was given, together with Dáwar and Garmsír as far as the river Hírmand, to Sulṭán Husain Mírzá, his nephew. Sulṭán Husain M. died in 984, when Sháh Ismá'íl II (984 to 985) was king of Persia, and left five children, Muhammad Husain Mírzá, Muzaffar Husain Mírzá, Rustam Mírzá, Abú Sa'íd Mírzá, and Sanjar Mírzá. The first was killed by Sháh Ismá'íl in I´rán. The other four in Qandahár had also been doomed; but the arrival of the news of the sudden death of the Sháh saved their lives. The new Sháh, Khudábandah, gave Qandahár to Muzaffar Husain Mírzá, and Dáwar as far as the Hírmand to Rustam Mírzá, who was accompanied by his two younger brothers, their Vakíl being Hamzah Beg Zul Qadr, or Kor Hamzah, an old servant of their father. The arbitrary behaviour of the Vakíl caused Muzaffar Husain Mírzá to take up arms against him, and after some alternate fighting and peace-making, Muzaffar had the Vakíl mur­dered. This led to fights between Muzaffar and Mírzá Rustam who, however, returned to Dáwar.

Not long after, the invasion of Khurásán by the Uzbaks under Dín Muhammad Sulṭán and Báqí Sulṭán (a sister's son of 'Abdullah Khán of Túrán) took place, and the Qandahár territory being continually exposed to incursions, the country was unsettled. Most Qizilbásh grandees fell in the everlasting fights, and the Sháh of Persia promised assistance, but rendered none; Mírzá Rustam who had gone to Hindústán, was appointed by Akbar Governor of Láhor, and kept Qandahár in anxiety; and Muzaffar hesitatingly resolved to hand over Qandahár to Akbar, though 'Abdullah Khán of Túrán advised him not to join the Chagatái kings (the Mughuls of India). At that time Qará Beg (an old servant of Muzaffar's father, who had fled to India, and was appointed Farráshbegí by Akbar) returned to Qandahár, and prevailed upon Muzaffar's mother and eldest son to bring about the annexation of Qandahár to India.

Akbar sent Beg Khán Arghún, Governor of Bangish, to take prompt possession of Qandahár, and though, as in all his undertakings, Muzaffar wavered the last moment and had recourse to trickery, he was obliged by the firm and prudent behaviour of Beg Khán, in 1003, to go to Akbar. He received the title of Farzand (son), was made a Commander of five thousand, and received Sambhal as Jágír, “which is more worth than all Qandahár.”

But the ryots of his jágír preferred complaints against his grasping collectors, and Muzaffar, annoyed at this, applied to go to Makkah. No sooner had Akbar granted this request than Muzaffar repented. He was reinstated, but as new complaints were preferred, Akbar took away the jágír, and paid him a salary in cash (1005). Muzaffar then went to Makkah, but returned after reaching the first stage, which displeased Akbar so much, that he refused to have anything to do with him.

Muzaffar found everything in India bad, and sometimes resolved to go to Persia, and sometimes to Makkah. From grief and disappointment, and a bodily hurt, he died in 1008.

His daughter, called Qandahár Mahall, was in 1018 married to Sháhjahán, and gave birth, in 1020, to Nawáb Parhez Bánú Begum.

Three sons of his remained in India, Bahrám Mírzá, Haidar Mírzá, (who rose to dignity under Sháhjahán, and died in 1041), and Ismá'íl Mírzá. The Maásír men­tions two other sons, Alqás Mírzá and Ṭahmás Mírzá.

Muzaffar's younger brothers, Mírzá Abú Sa'íd, and Mírzá Sanjar, died in 1005. They held commands of Three hundred and fifty. (Vide Nos. 271 and 272.)

9. Mirza Rustam.—He is the younger, but more talented brother of the pre­ceding. As the revenue of Dáwar was insufficient for him and his two younger brothers, he made war on Malik Mahmúd, ruler of Sístán. Muzaffar Husain assisted him at first, but having married Malik Mahmúd's daughter, he turned against Rustam. This caused a rupture between the brothers. Assisted by Lallah (guardian) Hamzah Beg, M. Rustam invaded Qandahár, but without result. During the invasion of the Uzbaks into Khurásán, he conquered the town of Faráh, and bravely held his own. Some time after, he again attacked Malik Mahmúd. The latter wished to settle matters amicably. During an interview, Rustam seized him, and killed him, when Jaláluddín, Mahmúd's son, took up arms. Rustam was defeated, and hearing that his brother Muzaffar had occupied Dáwar, he quickly took the town of Qalát. Being once absent on a hunting expedition, he nearly lost the town, and though he took revenge on the conspirators who had also killed his mother, he felt himself so insecure, that he resolved to join Akbar. Accompanied by his brother, Sanjar Mírzá, and his own four sons Murád, Sháhrukh, Hasan, and Ibráhím, he went in 1001 to India. Akbar made him a Panjhazárí, and gave him Multán as jágír, “which is more than Qandahár.” His inferiors being too oppressive, Akbar, in 1003, wished to give him Chítor, but recalled him from Sarhind, gave him Pat'hán as tuyúl, and sent him, together with A´çaf Khán against Rajah Bású. But as both did not get on well together, Akbar called M. Rustam to court, appointing Jagat Singh, son of Rajah Mán Singh, in his stead. In 1006, M. Rustam got Ráisín as jágír. He then served under Prince Dányál in the Dak'hin. In 1021, Jahángír appointed him Governor of T'hat'hah, but recalled him as he ill-treated the Arghúns. After the marriage of his daughter with Prince Parwíz, Jahángír made him Shash­hazárí, and appointed him Governor of Alláhábád. He held the fort against 'Abdullah Khán whom Sháhjahán, after taking possession of Bengal and Bihár, had sent against Alláhábád, and forced 'Abdullah to retire to Jhosí. In the 21st year, he was appointed Governor of Bihár, but was pensioned off as too old by Sháhjahán at 120000 Rs. per annum, and retired to A´grah. In the sixth year, M. Rustam married his daughter to Prince Dárá Shikoh. He died, in 1051, at Agrah, 72 years old.