I have a few notes on Abul Fazl's family, which may form the con­clusion of this biographical notice. The A´ín gives the following list of Shaikh Mubárak's sons.

1. Shaikh Abul Faiz, better known under his poetical name of Faizí. He was born in A. H. 954 (A. D. 1547), and seems to have died childless.

2. Shaikh Abul Fazl, born 14th January, 1551, murdered 12th August, 1602.

3. Shaikh Abul Barakát, born 17th Shawwál, 960 (1552). “Though he has not reached a high degree of learning, he knows much, is a practical man, and well versed in fencing. He is good-natured and fond of dervishes.” He served under Abul Fazl in Khándesh.

4. Shaikh Abul Khair, born 22nd Jumáda I, 967. “He is a well informed young man, of a regulated mind.” He, too, must have entered the Imperial service; for he is mentioned in the Akbar­námah as having been sent by the emperor to the Dak'hin to fetch Prince Dányál.

5. Shaikh Abul Makárim, born 23rd Shawwál, 976. He was wild at first, but guided by his father he learned a good deal. He also studied under Sháh Abul Fath Shírází.

The above five sons were all by the same mother, who, as remarked above, died in 998.

6. Shaikh Abú Turáb, born 23rd Zil Hijjah, 988. “Though his mother is another one, he is admitted at Court, and is engaged in self-improvement.”

Besides the above, Abul Fazl mentions two posthumous sons by qummá, or concubines, viz. Shaikh Abul Hámid, born 3rd Rabí' II, 1002, and Shaikh Abú Ráshid, born 1st Jumáda I, 1002. “They resemble their father.”

Of Mubárak's daughters, I find four mentioned in the histories—

1. One married to Khudáwand Khán Dak'hiní; vide p. 442. Badáoní calls her husband a Ráfizí, i. e., a Shí'ah, and says he died in Karí in Gujarát.

2. One married to Husámuddín; vide p. 441.

3. One married to a son of Rájah 'Alí Khán of Khándesh. Their son Safdar Khán* was made, in the 45th year of Akbar's reign, a com­mander of one thousand.

4. Láḍlí Begum, married to Islám Khán; vide p. 493, note 1. Mr. T. W. Beale of A´grah, the learned author of the Miftáh uttawáríkh, informs me that Láḍlí Begum died in 1017, or five years before the death of her husband. Her mausoleum, called the ‘Rauzah i Láḍlí Begum, ’ is about two miles to the east of Akbar's mausoleum at Sikandrah, near A´grah. The interior was built of marble, and the whole was sur­rounded by a wall of red Fathpúr sandstone. It was completed in 1004. In 1843, Mr. Beale saw in the Rauzah several tombs without inscriptions, and a few years ago the place was sold by government to a wealthy Hindú. The new owner dug up the marble stones, sold them, and destroyed the tombs, so that of the old Rauzah nothing exists now-a-days but the surrounding wall. Mr. Beale thinks that the bodies of Shaikh Mubárak, Faizí, and Abul Fazl were likewise buried there, because over the entrance the following inscription in Ṭughrá characters may still be seen—

Thus it will appear that the Rauzah was built in the year in which Faizí died. Shaikh Mubárak, as was mentioned above, died in 1593 A. D. It seems, however, as if Shaikh Mubárak and Faizí had been buried at a place opposite to A´grah, on the left bank of the Jamuná, where he first settled in 1551; for Abul Fazl says in his description of A´grah in the A´ín* —“On the other side of the river is the Chár Bágh Villa, built by Firdaus Makání [the emperor Bábar]. There the author was born, and there are the resting places of his father and his elder brother. Shaikh 'Aláuddín Majzúb and Mír Rafí'uddín Safawí and other worthies are also buried there.” We have no information regarding a removal of the bodies to the other side of the Jamuná, though Abul Fazl's inscription no doubt shews that such a removal was intended. It is a pity, how­ever, that the Rauzah was sold and destroyed.

Abul Fazl's son is the wellknown

He was born on the 12th Sha'bán, 979, and received from his grand­father the Sunní name of 'Abdurrahmán. In the 35th year of Akbar's reign, when twenty years of age, Akbar married him to the daughter of Sa'ádat Yár Kokah's brother. By her 'Abdurrahmán had a son, to whom Akbar gave the name of Bishotan.*

When Abul Fazl was in command of the army in the Dak'hin, 'Abdurrahmán was, what the Persians call, the tír i rúi tarkash i ú, ‘the arrow at hand at the top of the quiver’, ever ready to perform duties from which others shrank, and wisely and courageously settling matters of importance. He especially distinguished himself in Talingánah. When Malik 'Ambar, in the 46th year, had caught 'Alí Mardán Bahádur (p. 496) and had taken possession of the country, Abul Fazl despatched 'Abdurrahmán and Sher Khwájah (p. 459) to oppose the enemy. They crossed the Godáwarí near Nánder, and defeated 'Amber at the Mánjará.

Jahángír did not transfer to the son the hatred which he had felt for the father, made him a commander of two thousand horse, gave him the title of Afzal Khán, and appointed him, in the third year of his reign, governor of Bihár, vice Islám Khán (the husband of Abul Fazl's sister), who was sent to Bengal. 'Abdurrahmán also received Gorák'h­púr as jágír. As governor of Bihár, he had his head-quarters at Patna. Once during his absence from Patna, a dervish of the name of Quṭbuddín appeared in the district of Bhojpúr, which belonged to the then very troublesome Ujjainiyah Rájahs (p. 513, note), and gave out that he was Prince Khusrau, whom his unsuccessful rebellion and imprisonment by Jahángír had made the favorite of the people. Collecting a large number of men, he marched on Patna, occupied the fort which Shaikh Banárasí and Ghiyás, 'Abdurrahmán's officers, cowardly gave up, and plundered Afzal Khán's property and the Imperial treasury. 'Abdurrahmán returned from Gorák'hpúr as soon as he heard of the rebellion. The pretender fortified Patna, and drew up his army at the Pun Pun River. 'Abdurrahmán charged at once, and after a short fight dispersed the enemy. Quṭb now retreated to the fort, followed by 'Abdurrahmán, who succeeded in capturing him. He executed the man at once, and sent his head to Court, together with the two cowardly officers. Jahángír, who was always minute in his punishments, had their heads shaved and women's veils put over the faces; they were then tied to donkeys, with their heads to the tails, and paraded through the towns (tashhír) as a warning to others.

Not long after this affair, 'Abdurrahmán took ill, and went to Court, where he was well received. He lingered for a time, and died of an abscess, in the 8th year of Jahángír's reign (A. H. 1022), or eleven years after his father's murder.

He was born on the 3rd Zí Qa'dah, 999. In the 14th year of Jahángír's reign, he was a commander of seven hundred, with three hun­dred horse. In the 10th year of Sháh Jahán's reign, he is mentioned as a commander of five hundred horse, which rank he held when he died in the 15th year of the same reign.