One of the occurrences was the punishment of the crooked Kashmīrīs. On the 16th, Ḥusain, Muḥammad, Abūzaīd Ghāzī, Lohan Cak, Ḥusain Dēv fled from the court with evil intentions. They went by Jammū to the hill-country and took refuge with 'Alī Rīnā. Before they had taken any other steps, the Kashmīr officers seized 579 them, and executed* them in the city (Srinagar). It was a source of instruction to foolish thinkers. At this time Qāẓī* 'Alī was made Nāir Biyūtāt. Though Ṣādiq was a skilful major-dorno (Mīr Samān), and Khwāja Ghīāu-d-dīn* Beg was diwān, yet as in every depart­ment there was much income and expenditure, the more help there was, the better for the work. On this account that skilful and honest man was appointed to this duty. As there was incompati­bility between Qulīj and Ṣādiq K., an order was given that Qulīj K. should not interfere in the work of the Biyūtāt.

One of the occurrences was the fall of rain at the request of the Shāhinshāh. Astronomers had represented that on the 23rd* there would be a total eclipse of the sun. The skilled scientists of India said that if there were rain seven days before or after, no harm would occur from the eclipse. Though they tried, they were unsuccessful (in producing rain). They were ashamed and retired. When the time arrived, H.M. applied himself to supplications to the Incom­parable Deity. In a moment (?) clouds gathered, and there was rain until that hour passed away. A world was amazed. H.M. said: “The Almighty has accepted the petition of this suppliant, and has cast a veil over the boastful astronomers. If their statement had been true, the darkness would have increased.”

On the 13th Sharīf came from Mālwa, and did homage.

One occurrence was the marriage of 'Abdu-r-Raḥmān. Inas­much as H.M. exalts the writer by varied favours, he wished that his son—who showed quickness and reverence—should be married to one of the good court-families. On the 28th he was united to the niece (brother's daughter) of S'aādat Yārkoka who was distinguished for her chastity. There was a joyous time. I hope that God will open the springs of bounty, and that there will be increase of seed* together with auspiciousness and prosperity. On the 30th Qāsim 'Alī came from Khairābad, and had an audience.

One* of the occurrences was the return of the victorious soldiers from Orissa after making a peace there. When the province of Bihār had been settled by the ability of Rajah Mān Singh, and the refactory had been reduced to obedience, he at the close of the previous year set before himself the conquest of Orissa by the route of Jhārkhand. He halted near Bhāgalpūr, and made proposals to S'aīd K., the Governor of Bengal, and asked him to accompany him. 580 He, on account of the near approach of the rains, referred the matter to another time. The Rajah, who understood his business, set out in the beginning of this year by the route of Bardwān. Pahār K., Bābū-ī-Mankalī, Rai Patr Dās joined him from Bengal with the artillery. They encamped in Jahānābād.* The idea was that when the rains ceased, S'aīd, Makhṣūṣ, and the landholders would join. Qutlū, who was raising the head of presumption in Orissa, came to Dharpūr, 25 kos from the army, and prepared for battle. He sent Bahādur Kūrūh with a large force to Raipūr.* The Rajah sent an army under Jagat Singh, and the worthless Bahādur Kurūh took refuge in a fort, and had recourse to cajolery. By devilish tricks he lulled the inexperienced youth into carelessness, and then asked for help from Qutlū. On 10th Khurdād, while Jagat was slumbering from the effects of wine, the wicked Qutlū suddenly fell upon him with a large force and prevailed over him. Qutlū sent Jalāl and many brave men under the command of 'Umar, the brother's son of Mīrū, and son of Kāsū, and Khwāja 'Īsā Vakīl. Though the landholder Ḥamīr warned Jagat of Bahādur's craft and of the dispatch of an army to his assistance, he did not accept the news. After thousands of efforts he sent (was induced to send) some scouts. The enemy entered a forest, and having left their tents and baggage there they hastened on by hidden ways. The short-sighted men who had gone ahead represented that the enemy had encamped, and so increased Jagat's carelessness. At the end of the day the enemy arrived. Owing to the breaking of the thread of deliberation and arrange­ment, most of the men fled without fighting. A few stood their ground and fought. Bīka Rāhtor, Mohesh Dās, Narū Cāran bravely sacrificed their lives. Though the imperial army was defeated, yet 'Umar K., Mīrū, and the sons of Humayūn Qulī with some of their relations were killed. Ḥamīr brought away that infatuated young man and took him to his quarters at Bishanpūr.* A report arose that he was killed. The Rajah held a council, and considered how to remedy matters. Most gave it as their opinion that it was proper to return to Selīmābad, where the families of the soldiers were, and there to prepare for battle. Mān Sīngh replied that to retreat was to encourage the enemy and to give up the undertaking. He called for equipments and resolved upon fighting. At this time the for­tune of the Shahinshah declared itself. After ten days Qutlū died. He was ill, and the cup of his life soon ran over. Khwāja 'Īsā made his young son Naṣīr the chief, and the success of the Afghans somewhat declined. They had recourse to flatteries and cajolery, and sought for peace. The army accepted their overtures on account of distress of mind and the heavy rains. An agreement was made that the khuba and coinage should be in the name of the Shāhinshāh, 581 and that the Afghans would be obedient and serviceable. Also that Jagannāth, which is a famous temple, and its environs should be made crown-land, and that no harm would happen to the loyal zamīndārs. Out of opportunism and fraud they subscribed to all this (kha sipardand). On 4 Shahrīyār Khwāja 'Īsā brought Qutlū's son to the Rajah, and presented 150 elephants and other choice articles. Mān Singh encouraged him and returned to Behar.

On the 23rd M. Yūsuf K. got leave to return to Kashmīr. H.M. went as far as the first stage and imparted various counsels to him.

On the 3rd Zain Koka was sent to the northern mountains. As the landholders there, on account of the strength of their coun­try, and their littleness of understanding, were becoming recal­citrant, that good officer was sent off with a large force. On 20 Mihr Tardī K. came from his fief, and had an audience. On the 23rd Mir after 3 hours, 13 minutes, a daughter was born to Prince Selīm by the daughter of Kīshū* Rāhtor. H.M. called her Bihār Bānu. On the same night a daughter was born to the Prince by the Mota Rajah's daughter. H.M. gave her the name of Begam* Sultan.

One of the occurrences was the departure of Miriam Makānī (Akbar's mother) for Fatḥpūr* (Sīkrī). She had travelled rapidly and unencumbered (jarīda) from a desire to behold the Shāhīnshāh, and had thought that he would soon be returning (to Agra). When this idea was frustrated, she took leave on the 24th (Mihr = about 10 October, 1589) to look after her household affairs. On the 28th H.M. travelled the first stage out of respects to her, and having spent the night there he took leave next day. The prince-royal was directed to accompany her for several stages. On 2 Ābān 'Ārif the son of Sharīf K. was killed in Agra. His women were angry with him on account of his bad behaviour, and killed him while he was intoxicated: they received the retribution of their conduct. On the third the solar weighment took place, and H.M. was weighed against twelve articles. There was a proclamation of liberality, and small and great obtained their desires. On the 7th, Rai Rai Singh was sent off to Bikānīr, and Masiḥu-l-Mulk* came from Gujarat. On the 11th a son was born to Prince Murād by the daughter of the Khān A'im, and received from H.M the name of 'Ālam Sultan. On 7th Āẕar Mednī Rai arrived from Gujarāt. Among his presents were a deer and a leopard (Yūz). The deer had been left in a snare. The leopard made a spring, and was caught by the feet, while the deer was bewildered and caught.

In the feast of this month, sense-increasing wine was drunk, and 582 Mīr Ṣadr Jahān Muftī and Mīr 'Abdu-l-Ḥai the Mīr 'Adl also quaffed their cups. This verse was quoted by H.M.