CHAPTER LX.
EXPEDITION OF THE SHĀHINSHĀH TO PUT DOWN THE SEDITION OF
M. MUḤAMMAD ḤAKĪM, AND OTHER PROSPEROUS EVENTS.

While the Shāhinshāh was enjoying himself at Nagarcīn, it came to his hearing that Muḥammad Ḥakīm Mīrzā had, at the instigation of short-sighted men, become disobedient and had marched against Lahore. The explanation of his coming there is as follows. From the time that M. Sulaimān had fled at the report of the coming of the imperial army and had retired to Badakhshān, he continually had the idea of coming again to Kabul. Now, when he became certain that none of H.M.'s officers was there, he thought he had his oppor­tunity, and having, in conjunction with Ḥaram Begam, gathered together his troops the fourth time, he once more proceeded against Kabul. When M. Muḥammad Ḥakīm heard of his coming, he made over the fort of Kabul to M'aṣūm,* who was distinguished among his followers for courage and wisdom, and went off with Khwāja Ḥasan Naqshbandi, his prime minister, to Shakardara* and Ghorband. M. Sulaimān came to Kabul and besieged the fort. After some days he perceived that the lasso of his power was too short to entangle the battlements. He learnt that the Mīrzā was in Ghorband and its neighbourhood, and wished to accomplish his object by the deceit­fulness of Ḥaram Begam. With this evil design Ḥaram Begam left M. Sulaimān at Kabul and went herself to Ghorband. She sent able men to Ḥ. Hakīm and gave him the message that he always was dearer to her than a son of her own body, especially since there had been an additional alliance.* Her whole soul was directed towards perfect concord and harmony with him, and to building yet higher the foundations of alliance. The object of her present coming was to have an interview, and to strengthen the bonds of friendship, and to guard them from being weakened or loosened. M. Ḥakīm was deceived by the Begam's cajolery and agreed to meet her in the village of Qarā-Bāgh, which is twelve kos from Kabul, and to ratify the alliance. When he had determined upon an interview he sent his confidants ahead in order that they might make conditions and promises void of hypocrisy. When the envoys produced their cre­dentials, the Begam swore great and strong oaths that there would be no trickery, and that the heart and tongue would accord, and that deeds would correspond with the words. When the Mīrzā's men heard the Begam's oaths, they, in their folly, arranged that they would urge the Mīrzā to have an interview with the Begam at Qarā-Bāgh, and that he would tie the knot of sonship and concord.

When the Begam saw that the plot was arranged, she sent mes­sengers to M. Sulaimān saying that she had engaged the Mīrzā's men to bring him to Qarā-Bāgh, and that now he should leave his camp and a few troops near the fort, and make a rapid march with some men and place himself in ambush near Qarā-Bāgh. When the Mīrzā came there he (Sulaimān) should make him prisoner. When M. Sulaimān heard this he left Muḥammad Qulī Shighālī, who was one of his trusted officers, with the camp to besiege Kabul, and hastened off himself by night-marches. He lay in ambush behind a ridge near Qarā-Bāgh. The envoys of M. Ḥakīm, who had returned after hearing the Begam's strong oaths, looked only to externals and were unmindful of the inward perfidy, and gave the Mīrzā a favour­able account of the promises and of the interview. All the Mīrza's men urged his going to see the Begam, except Bāqī Qāqshāl, who spoke against going, and ascribed the oaths to deceit and treachery. He plainly said that the Begam wanted, by this pretence, to deliver him into the clutches of M. Sulaimān. He stripped off the deceit which that deceiver had contrived. In spite of this, M. Ḥakīm was helpless and went off with some of his confidants towards Qarā-Bāgh. On the way one of the Kabulis who had come with the Badakhshis on M. Sulaimān's rapid march, separated himself from them and joined M. Ḥakīm's people. He told them that M. Sulai­mān was lying in ambush behind a certain ridge with a chosen body of men and was watching for his opportunity. The Kabulī himself had come with them that night. When the Mīrzā heard this he turned round and took the road to Kabul. When M. Sulaimān got news of this he followed him and came up with some of the Mīrzā's men and made them prisoners. Whatever was in the rear was captured. Bāqī Qāqshāl and his brethren were close behind the Mīrzā and urged him on. Some of the Badakhshis got close up to the Mīrzā and it was thought that they would capture him. Bāqi Qāqshāl and his brethren fought bravely and by arrows and bullets occupied the enemy so that the Mīrzā could go on ahead. In this way they brought the Mīrzā out of that dangerous place. M. Sulai­mān pursued him up to the Sanjad defile, but when he recognised the fact that the Mīrzā had escaped, he was compelled to halt. The baggage of the Mīrzā and his men fell into the hands of the Bada­khshīs. When night came on the Mīrzā halted in one of the defiles of Ghorband and sent men to Ghorband to bring him some things which had been left there. Then he marched on to near the kotal of the Hindu Koh. Next day he passed through the kotal and came to Mazra'-i-ashraf, which was in the possession of the Uzbegs. From there he advanced one or two stages. Khwāja Ḥasan and the men who were of his party wished to take the Mīrzā to Pīr Muḥam­mad Khān, the ruler of Balkh, and to ask help from him. But Bāqi Qaqshāl did not agree to this and said he would take the Mīrzā to the sublime Court. Khwāja Ḥasan and a number of others went to Balkh, and Baqī Qaqshāl and his brethren, and those who were in accord with him, went back from there and brought the Mīrzā to Ghorband. From there they crossed over to Jalālābād by the way of Īsā* and Bahra.* From there they came to Peshawar, and then to the bank of the Indus. The Mīrzā crossed the river and sent a humble petition, together with an account of the dispersion that had taken place, to the threshold of fortune. His ambassadors delivered this at Nagarcīn. Inasmuch as fortune watches over the sublime family, the news of the troubles in Kabul had already arrived. At that time Farīdūn, the maternal uncle of the Mīrzā, was in attendance on H.M., and had been given permission to go to Kabul. As the Mīrzā was young and unprotected, Farīdūn was to arrange his affairs and to confirm him in the path of loyalty and to take care that seditious men should not have an opportunity of speāking to the Mīrzā. The affair of the coming to Kabul of M. Sulaimān occurred before Farīdūn's meeting with the Mīrzā. When M. Ḥakīm's ambas­sadors arrived, H.M., out of his kindness, sent Khūsh Khabar Khān, who was one of the Court yesāwals, with much money and goods, a dress of honour, and a special horse, and he issued an order that the Panjab officers should proceed to Kabul and put down M. Sulaimān. When Khūsh Khabar Khān came near the Mīrzā's camp, the latter went out to welcome the dispatch,—the preface of eternal fortune,— and received it with reverence. After some days Farīdūn, who had left before Khūsh Khabar Khān, arrived. That indiscreet one, influenced by notions which no sensible man would have entertained, put up the Mīrzā, who had arrived there after a hurried journey, to aim at the Panjab and inspired him with the idea that it would be easy to take Lahore. He was not contented with this, but also instigated the young Mīrzā to arrest Khūsh Khabar Khān. Though the Mīrzā was void of wisdom, and thought that Farīdūn's wicked idea was right, yet he would not consent to the arrest of Khūsh Khabar Khān, and sent for him one night and dismissed him. At that time there was a writer named Sulan 'Alī, who had been turned out of Agra and gone to Kabul, and had been given the title of Lashkar Khān, and also one Ḥasan Khān, a brother of Shihābud dīn Aḥmad Khān, who had absconded before this and gone to Kabul. These two wretches joined with Farīdūn in stirring up strife, until at length M. Hakīm, who had not far-seeing intelligence, nor a loyal heart, was induced by the words of these vaunters to cross the Indus and to proceed towards Lahore. His men practised rapine in Bhera and its vicinity. When this news reached the Panjab officers, Mīr Muḥammad Khān, Qubu-d-dīn Khān and Sharīf Khān joined together and set about strenghening the fort, and reported the state of affairs to Court. The flames of the wrath of H.M. the Shāhinshāh burst forth on hear­ing this news, and he directed the assembling of troops. M. Ḥakīm, with the evil thought that perhaps he might by fraud and deceit bring over the Panjab officers to his side, advanced from Bhera to Lahore. He halted outside of the city in the garden* of Mahdi Qāsim Khān. Next day he came to the edge of the fort and drew up his troops. The Panjab officers made the eternal fortune of the Shāhinshāh their fortress and by means of cannon and musketry prevented any living creature from treading on the hem of the fortress. Every day they maintained the rules of the defence and displayed courage and loyalty. H.M. the Shāhinshāh appointed Mun'im Khān Khān-Khānān to the charge of the capital, and Moaffar Khān to look after civil matters, and set out on the day of Shahriyūr 4 Āẕar, Divine month, or Saturday 3 Jamāda-al-awwal 974, 17 November 1566. He followed the pleasure of hunting during the whole of the expedition and after ten days arrived at Delhi. In accordance with custom he visited the shrines of the saints and made liberal gifts to the custodians, and then went and visited the tomb of H.M. Jinnat Āshiyānī. When M. Ḥakīm, who at the instigation of short-sighted men was revolving vain thoughts, heard the reverberation of the march of H.M. he fell into consternation and fled to the bank of the Indus. On the day that the imperial army reached the Satlej the scouts brought the news of the flight of the Mīrzā. The army crossed the river and proceeded towards Lahore. In a fortunate hour in the middle of Bahman, corresponding to middle Rajab (near end February 1567) it reached that city, and the quarters of Mahdi Qāsim Khān were made glorious by the arrival of the Shāhinshāh. Peace and tranquillity extended everywhere. The loyalists who during the time of the siege had contended with the rebels and jeoparded their lives were raised to dignities. Though the imperial servants urged that the Kabulis should be followed and punished, yet as the holy nature of the Shāhinshāh is a mine of kind­ness, he forgave M. Hakīm for his folly and stopped the pursuit. Qubu-d-dīn Khān, Kamāl Khān and a number of other officers were deputed to the borders of the empire in order that they might reas­sure the peasantry who had suffered from the oppression of the Kabulīs and that in this way the expulsion of the Mīrzā might be best effected. They received the order and went forth to execute it. H.M. stayed in Lahore, and occupied himself with administration and enjoy­ment. The army proceeded to the bank of the Indus and looked after the peasantry, and learnt there that M. Ḥakīm had proceeded to Kabul on learning that that place had been abandoned by M. Sulaimān.