On the 17th Akbar called a council of war in the tents of Khán-khánán, when he observed that the siege had now lasted a long time, that he was resolved upon reducing the place, and upon crushing the defenders, so that they should be unable to make any further resistance either in the city or in the country. He thought that the best course to pursue was to first reduce the fort of Hájípúr,* which rendered very material assistance to the garrison of Patna, and that their operations must be directed to that object. The Kháns greatly applauded this scheme. At that same council Khán-'álam was sent off with three thousand men in boats, with the materials required for a siege. Rájá Gajpati, the zamíndár of that country, who had many armed adherents, was directed to support Khán-'álam.
Next day, the 18th, Khán-'álam crossed the river, embarked immediately, and went to lay siege to Hájípúr, while the troops marched by land.* In order to see the field, His Majesty mounted a battery of Sháham Khán Jaláír, which was upon a hill on the bank of the Ganges, and from which Hájípúr was visible. As, however, he could get no certain information of what was passing, in the evening he sent a party of men in three boats toward Hájípúr to gain intelligence. When the enemy saw these boats approaching, they sent eighteen boats full of fighting men against them. But the three Imperial boats prevented them from advancing, and by hard fighting cut their way through, and joined Khán-'álam. Victory now declared in favour of the Emperor.* Fath Khán Bárha, commander of Hájípúr, and many Afgháns, were slain, and the place fell into the hands of Khán-'álam. The head of Fath Khán Bárha and the heads of other Afgháns were thrown into boats, and sent to the Emperor. After offering his thanksgiving for this victory, he sent the heads of Fath Khán and of the others to Dáúd, that he might see with his own eyes what had befallen his officers, and might be led to reflect upon his own position. When Dáúd's eyes fell upon these heads, he was plunged into dismay, and set his mind upon flight.
On the same day, the 16th, the Emperor went out upon an
elephant to reconnoitre the fort and the environs of the city,
and he ascended the Panj-pahárí, which is opposite the fort.
This Panj-pahárí, or “Five domes,” is a place built in old times
by the infidels with burnt bricks in five stages. The Afgháns,
who were on the walls and bastions of the fortress, saw the
Emperor and his suite as he was making his survey, and in
their despair and recklessness they fired some guns at the Panj-
When Dáúd saw the Imperial forces swarming in the plain, and when he was informed of the fall of Hájípúr, although he had 20,000 horse, abundance of artillery, and many elephants, he determined to fly, and at midnight of Sunday, the 21st Rabí'u-s sání, he embarked in a boat and made his escape. Srídhar the Bengálí, who was Dáúd's great supporter, and to whom he had given the title of Rájá Bikramájít, placed his valuables and treasure in a boat and followed him.
Gújar Khán Kirání, who was Dáúd's minister,* brought the elephants out, and fled by the rear of the city. On that dreadful night, a foretaste of the day of judgment, the inhabitants were in a state of bewilderment and despair. Some endeavoured to escape by the river, but through the crowding and struggling many of them were drowned. Others endeavoured to fly by land, but were crushed under the feet of elephants and horses in the narrow lanes and streets. Some in their despair cast themselves down from the walls, and others perished in the moat. When Gújar Khán came to the Punpun* river, he passed his elephants over the bridge; but the fugitives in his rear so pressed and crowded upon the bridge that it broke down, and numbers were precipitated into the water. Those who came up afterwards threw away their arms and clothes, and cast themselves naked into the river.
Late at night, when the flight of Dáúd was reported, the Emperor gave thanks to heaven, and as soon as it was light Khán-khánán having assured himself of the fact, the royal forces entered the city with great display. Fifty-six elephants, which the enemy had been unable to carry off, were found in the city and paraded before His Majesty. The date of the fall of Patna, which was indeed the conquest of Bengal, is found in this line, “Mulk-i Sulaimán zi Dáúd raft” (983).
The Emperor remained in the city till four hours of the day had passed, and having made a proclamation of amnesty to the inhabitants, he left Khán-khánán in command of the army, while he himself dashed off with a detachment in pursuit of Gújar Khán and the elephants. When he reached the Punpun, he swam over on horseback, and the amírs and soldiers followed his example. Then he gave orders for every officer and man to press on with all his might in the pursuit of the enemy, and he himself spurred forward. The amírs, driving Gújar Khán before them, secured Dáúd's elephants, and brought them to His Majesty. On reaching the pargana of Daryápúr,* twenty-six kos* from Patna on the banks of the Ganges, they drew rein, and it was found that nearly 400 elephants* had been taken. His Majesty halted at Daryápúr, but ordered Shahbáz Khán Mír-bakhshí and Majnún Khán Kákshál to continue the pursuit. They went on to the river Balbhúnd, seven kos from Daryápúr. There they learned that Gújar, worn out and half dead, had passed over the river, and that some of his men had been lost in the water. Shahbáz Khán and Majnún Khán then returned.
On Monday, the 21st, Khán-khánán, according to orders, came
by water to wait upon His Majesty, bringing with him the royal
boats and attendant establishments. The Emperor stayed at
Daryápúr six days. He appointed Khán-khánán to the government
of Bengal, and left him an additional force of 20,000 horse.
He increased his military allowances twenty-five or thirty per
cent., he gave him all the boats which he had brought down
from Ágra, and invested him with full power and authority.
Then he raised the standard of return, and dismissed Khán-
At this stage Muzaffar Khán,*
who was formerly a clerk, but
now an amír of reputation, was sent along with Farhat Khán,
one of the late Emperor's slaves, and now enrolled in His
Majesty's service, to besiege the fortress of Rohtás, a very lofty
and strong place. And he gave orders that after its capture
it should be placed under the command of Farhat Khán, and
that Muzaffar Khán should return to Court. On Friday, 3rd
Jumáda-l awwal, he proceeded to Patna, and spent a short time
in examining the buildings of Dáúd.*
From thence he started
to make the best of his way, and on Saturday, the 4th, he
reached the village of Fathpúr Sahína, which is twenty-one kos
distant, and on Monday, 6th Jumáda-I awwal, at mid-day, he
arrived at Jaunpúr. Mirzá Yúsuf Khán arrived with the army
on the 7th. The Emperor remained at Jaunpúr thirty-three
days, devoting his time to making arrangements for the army
and the government of the country. He placed Jaunpúr,
Benares, the fort of Chunár, and sundry other maháls and par-