These Persian lithographed books, notwithstanding their shortcomings, are, as a rule, pleasant to handle, well written, well bound, and printed on good paper. Some of them, like the Khaṭṭ u Khaṭṭáṭán (“Calligraphy and Calligraphists”) of Mírzá-yi-Sanglákh, and the excellent edition of the Mathnawí with Concordance of Verses (Kashfu'l-Abyát) associated with the name of 'Alá'u'd-Dawla, are really beautiful books, while almost all are far superior to the Indian lithographs. They are, however, hard to obtain in Europe, and indeed anywhere outside Ṭihrán, Tabríz and perhaps Iṣfahán. Even the British Museum collection is very far from complete, while my own collection, originally formed by purchase in Persia, * owes much to the fact that I was able to add to it a number of volumes from two very notable Persian libraries, those of the late M. Charles Schefer and of the late Sir A. Houtum-Schindler. As has been already said, few greater services could be rendered to Persian scholarship than the proper cataloguing and de­scribing of these lithographs, and the devising of means to place them on the European book-market. Since litho­graphy can be carried on with simple apparatus and with­out any great technical skill or outlay of money, it is often practised by comparatively poor scholars and bibliophiles, who print very small editions which are soon exhausted, so that many books of this class rank rather with manuscripts than with printed books in rarity and desirability.*