In accordance with his rights as heir-presumptive ascended the throne with the consent of the Amīrs in the year 824 H. (1421 A.D.)* and became firmly settled in the administration of his kingdom. In this year Jasrat Khūkar* the son of Shaikhā Khūkar raised a rebellion, the reason of which was that he had taken unawares Sulān ‘Alī the king of Kashmīr, who had started with the intention of conquering Tatta* and had defeated him in one of the mountain passes,* a vast amount of plunder falling into his hands. Emboldened by this victory, he used the royal treasures which he had obtained to further an attempt to seize the kingdom of Dihlī, and having crossed the rivers Biāh and Sutlej with a large army, and assaulted Talaunḍī which was in the possession of Rāi Kamālu-d-Dīn Mubīn,* and Rāi Fīrūz fled from before him. 290. Jasrat came to Ludhiāna* and plundered and pillaged along the banks of the river Sutlej as far as the boundaries of Rūpar;* there he crossed the river and came to Jālandhar.* Zīrak Khān had taken refuge in the fort of Jālandhar. Jasrat descended the bank of the river Sarsuti whereupon the question of peace arose; Jasrat by some treachery made Zīrak Khān prisoner. Sulān Mubārak Shāh moved towards Sihrind, upon hearing which Jasrat Shaikhā* released Zīrak Khān who went to Sāmāna and offered his services to Mubārak Shāh who proceeded to Ludhiāna. Jasrat having crossed the Ludhiāna river drew up to oppose him, being in possession of the whole of the boats. The army of Mubārak Shāh was unable to cross the river, until after the rising of Canopus* when the river became fordable. The Sulān then crossed the river; Jasrat fled and having crossed the river Chhināb* came to Talhar* in the hill tracts. The troops of Mubārak Khān followed him and the greater part of his infantry and cavalry were killed, and all his wealth and treasure was plundered and lost. Rāi Bhīm* the chief of Jammoo offered his services to Mubārak Shāh and guided his army.* Mubārak Shāh returned thence to Lāhor.
And in the year 825 H. (A.D. 1421) he remained encamped on the bank of the river Rāvī for nearly a month, rebuilt the city of Lāhor which had been laid in ruins during the late invasion, and completely repaired the citadel where it had been breached and levelled;* then having left there Malik Maḥmūd Hasan who bore the title of Maliku-sh-Sharq, returned to Dihlī. Five months later Jasrat Khūkar again came against Lāhor with a large army and encamped at the abode of Shaikhu-l-Mashāikh Shaikh Hasan Zinjānī,* may God sanctify him, and every day for a month made repeated efforts to take the city by assault, but eventually failing to attain his object* withdrew to Kalānor* and fought a battle with Rāi Bhīm, and when both sides were in the midst of the fight they agreed to make peace. 291.
Malik Sikander Tuḥfa who had been despatched from Dihlī to reinforce Malik* Maḥmūd Hasan crossed the Rāvī by the ford of Pūhī* and encamped at Lāhor, and Jasrat feeling that he was not able to cope with the conjoint forces* crossed the Chhināb river and proceeded to the hills of Talwāra,* and the army of Mubārak Shāh having put down that rebellion returned to Dihlī.
In the year 826 H. (1422 A.D.) Mubārak Shāh proceeded to Kaithar, and Mahābat Khān of Badāon who had revolted against Khiẓr Khān came in and submitted himself, and was distinguished by special marks of favour. Leaving there* he crossed the Ganges and attacked the country of the Panwārs* in the neighbourhood of Khor otherwise known as Shamsābād,* and having put the majority of them to the sword ravaged the country; then having left Malik Mubāriz and Zīrak Khān and Kamāl Khān with a large force in the fortress of Kanpila to quell the insurrection of the rebels he returned to Dihlī.
And in this year Alp Khān Governor of Dhār* came with the object of chastising the Rāi of Gwāliār and with the intention of subduing that region; Mubāral Shāh upon receiving intelligence of this proceeded towards Gwāliār; when he arrived in the neighbourhood of Baiāna, Shams Khān Auḥadī* the son of Auḥad Khān Auḥadī, Governor of Baiāna, who had put to death by treacherous means his uncle Mubārak Khān, became alarmed and revolted, and after laying waste Baiāna entrenched himself* in the fortress, but eventually submitted.
Mubārak Shāh left that place and marched towards Gwāliār, but Alp Khān proceeding along the banks of the Chambal river* would not permit the army of Mubārak Shāh to cross: however the soldiers of Mubārak Shāh crossed by another ford, scattered the forces of Alp Khān, and returned triumphant. This 292. engagement led to a peaceful settlement, and Alp Khān sent in many presents and returned towards Dhār, while Mubārak Shāh proceeded to Dihlī.
And in the year 827 H. (1423 A.D.) he again ordered an expedition towards the hills of Kumāon and Kaithar, on returning whence he laid waste Mīwāt. In this year a severe famine occurred throughout the whole of Hindūstān. In the year 829 H. he again proceeded towards Mīwāt and reduced the fortresses of Indor and Alwar.
And in the year 830 H. he took Baiāna from Muḥammad Khān Auḥadī, and sent the family of Auḥadī to the palace known as Jahān Numā,* and assigned it to them as a residence. He then gave Baiāna to Malik Muqbil Khān one of his retainers, and Sīkrī to Malik Khairu-d-Dīn Tuḥfa, while he himself led an army against Gwāliār receiving the submission of the Rāis of that district.
And in the year 831 H. (1427 A.D.) ambassadors arrived in Dihlī from Qādir Khan, governor of Kālpī, bringing tidings that Sharqī* was besieging him. Mubārak Shāh marched to oppose Sharqī; but in the meantime tidings arrived that Sharqī had attacked Bhūngāon* and was encamped there, intending to proceed to Badāon.* Mubārak Shāh, who had crossed the river Jamna at the ford of Nūh Patal, and had attacked Jartaulī,* on arrival at the township of Atraulī* received intelligence that Mukhtaṣṣ Khān* the brother of Sharqī had arrived on the borders of Itāwa with an army and many elephants; Mubārak Shāh detailed Maliku-sh-Sharq Maḥmūd Ḥasan with ten thousand cavalry to oppose Mukhtaṣṣ Khān. Mukhtaṣṣ Khān joined hands with Sharqī who proceeded along the banks of the Black-Water, 293. otherwise known as the Kālinī,* and arrived in the vicinity of the township of Burhānābād one of the dependencies of Itāwa. Mubārak Shāh marching from Atraulī encamped at the town of Kota,* but Sharqī declined battle and withdrew towards Rāprī, and thence, after crossing the Jamna, proceeded to Baiāna and encamped on the bank of the river of Kaithar. Mubārak Shāh pursued him as far as Chandwār; a space of four krohs lay between the two armies so that the outposts of the forces could see each other. They remained thus confronting each other for twenty days; at last Sharqī came out in force, and from mid-day till nightfall hard fighting went on between the two armies, and the event was not decided on that day; on the following day Sharqī turned back towards his own country,* and Mubārak Shāh, considering that both sides were Muslims, no longer pursued him, but went towards Satgāna,* and having conquered that country followed the bank of the Chanbal river and came down to Baiāna.
Muḥammad Khān Auḥadī, who on account of having had an (unsatisfactory) interview with Sharqī had taken fright, and had entrenched himself in the fortress, came and sought protection in an interview with Mubārak Shāh.* Mubārak Shāh thereupon retraced his steps to Dihlī.
And in the year 832 H. Maliku-sh-Sharq Maḥmūd Ḥasan, who
had been left in Baiāna by Mubārak Shāh as his Viceroy, and had
put the affairs of that place in order, and had also chastised*
those infidels who had made common cause with Muḥammad
Khān and had raised disturbances, came to Court and received
substantial favours, and the fortress of Fīroza was confirmed to
him. In that same year Malik Rajab Nādira, governor of Multān
died, and Malik Maḥmūd Ḥasan received the title of ‘Imādu-l-