And in the year 739 A.H. (1338 A.D.) Bahrām Khān Governor of Sunargānw died, and Malik Fakhru-d-Dīn Silāḥdār became rebellious and assumed the title of Sulān, and having fought with Qadr Khān the ruler of Lakhnautī in conjunction with Malik Ḥusamu-d-Dīn Abūrijā the Mustaufī, and ‘Izzu-d-Dīn Yahyā A‘amu-l-Mulk, was defeated, and all his sources of grandeur, his treasure and his retainers fell into the hands of Qadr Khān; and when the rainy season had arrived the horses belonging to Qadr Khān died, and he had collected much money* and had stored it up in heaps in his own house with the object of present­ing it to the Sulān. In spite of all that Ḥusāmu-d-Dīn Aburjā could do to dissuade him from amassing wealth and inducing men to covet it and thus leading to disorder, Qadr Khān would not listen, till eventually the very result predicted by Ḥusamu-d-Dīn ensued; Malik Fakhru-d-Dīn returned, and the soldiery of Ḥusā-mu-d-Dīn joined him and killed their own master, and all the money fell to the lot of Fakhru-d-Dīn. The absolute control of Sunār­gānw was given him; he appointed one Mukhliṣ a servant of his, to Lakhnautī, and ‘Alī Mubārak Inspector of Troops; Qadr Khān put Mukhliṣ to death and aspired at independence, writing diplo­matic letters to the court of the Sulān. The Sulān appointed Malik Yūsuf, but he died by the way, and the Sulān, having other affairs to attend to, omitted to send any one else to that district.* At this juncture ‘Alī Mubārak by reason of the enmity he bore to Fakhru-d-Dīn, displayed the insignia of royalty, and assumed the title of Sulān ‘Alāu-d-Dīn, and Malik Ilyās Ḥäjī who was a man of family and retinue, after a few days put ‘Alāu-d-Dīn to death with the assistance of some of the Amīrs and Maliks of Lakh-nautī, and himself assumed the title of Sulān Shamsu-d-Dīn. ^231.

And in the year 741 A.H. (1340 A.D.) Sulān Muḥammad hav­ing left with the object of reducing Sunārgānw, seized Fakhru-d-Dīn and brought him prisoner to Lakhnautī, where he put him to death and returned. Shamsu-d-Dīn became absolute monarch of that region, and the kingly power and authority over that country descended for a lengthened period in the hands of his sons,* and never again returned to the possession of Sulān Muḥammad ‘Ādil.

And in the year 742 A.H. (1341 A.D.) Saiyyid Ḥasan Kaithalï the father of Malik Ibrāhīm a feofee of the Sulān, who was generally known as Ḥasan Kāngū, and who eventually obtained the sovereignty of the Deccan with the title of ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Bahman Shāh, fermented a revolt in Ma‘bar on the grounds of the severity of the Sulān's governors, and the innovations introduced in the laws, and the number of executions,* and gained over to his own party nearly all the great men of Dihlī who had been ap­pointed to that district. He put to death the leaders of the opposite party. The Sulān proceeded from Lakhnautī to Deogīr for the purpose of quelling that disturbance, and on his arrival at Tilang was taken ill, and was forced to return by uninterrupted marches to Dihlī. He left Qutlugh Khān in Daulatābād; thus the rebellion in Ma‘bar remained unchecked and Ḥasan's influence increased rapidly.

And in the year 743 (1342 A.D.) they put to death by treachery Malik Halājun and Kul Chander Khākhar and Malik Tātār Khurd, the Governor of Lāhore,* and when Khwāja-i-Jahān came up against them,* they came cut to do battle with him, but the scoundrels suffered a severe defeat and were sorely punished.

And in the year 744 A.H. (1343 A.D.) the Sulān passing through Sanām and Sāmāna gave orders to the Saiyyids and all ^232. the Muslims in opposition to the advice of Ḥasan Kānkū, for a general massacre, but he kept the chief men of those districts in their posts, conveyed them to the suburbs of the city, and con­ferred upon them villages and districts, and bestowing many rich robes of honour, and purses of gold gave them a place of abode there; and when a general famine arose he issued an edict that any one who wished should proceed to the eastern part of Hindustān and spend the days of dearness and scarcity there, without let or hindrance, and in the same way if any person wishing to give up living in Daulatābād should return to Dihlī, no one would molest him. Moreover in that year so many people arrived in Hindustān from the countries of Khurāsān and ‘Irāq and Samarqand, in the hope of receiving the bounty of the Sulān, that hardly any other races were to be seen in that country.

And in this year Ḥājī Sa‘īd Ṣarṣarī* arrived from Egypt bear­ing the diploma of the Khalīfah* with a banner and a robe of honour, conferring upon the Sulān the title of Nāṣir-i-Amīru-l-Mū'minīn from the Khalīfah of the Abbāsides who were still extant. The Sulān ordered decorations and illuminations in the city, and proceeded with all the Shaikhs and Saiyyids and his retainers to give him an honourable reception, then, dismounting, he kissed the feet of Hājī Sa‘īd and joined his retinue. He then re-established the Friday prayers and the ‘Īd, which all this time he had kept in abeyance waiting for the orders and sanction of the Khalīfah, he read the Khubah in the name of the Khalīfah, and struck out the names of those kings who had not received authority from the Dār-ul-Khilāfah, with the exception of Sulān Maḥmūd. He then gave largesse* of money and valuables to such an extent that his treasury became exhausted, he also des­patched to Egypt a precious jewel, the like of which he had not in his treasury, by the hands of Hāji Barq‘aī, with other rarities and presents; and having become, in his own opinion, the rightful Khalīfah, and keeping constantly placed before him the Qur'ān* and the honorary presents and the patent of the Khalīfah, would issue commands as though he were the Khalīfah, and used to say ^233. “The Khalīfah says” this or that. He compelled the people to profess allegiance to the Khalīfah, and went to Sarkdawārī which is in the vicinity of Shamsābād, and on two or three occasions* in Barūj and Kanbhāyat also* he received patents from the Khalīfah, and a second time the Makhdūmzāda-i-Baghdādī* came to visit him, and the Sulān went on foot to Pālam to receive him; and when he saw him from afar off he advanced to meet him, and seated him upon the throne beside himself and made over to him without reservation, the city of Kīlī* with the garden and the palace and all the buildings.

And in the year 745 A. H. (1344 A.D.) Malik Niāmu-l-Mulk governor of Karra, raised a rebellion, Shahr-u-llah the brother of ‘Ainu-l-Mulk brought up an army against him from Oudh and took him prisoner, but the rebellion was quelled. Then Shihābu-d-dīn Sulān waxed riotous in Bīdar, and Qutlugh Khān was despatched against him, and Shihābu-d-dīn coming out with his son to do battle was besieged in the fortress, and Qutlugh Khān inducing him to come out by promises of quarter, sent him to the royal presence.

And in the year 746 A.H. (1345 A D.) ‘Alī Sher sister's son to afar Khān ‘Alā‘ī gained possession of Gulbarga* in strong force, having put to death the ruler of Bīdar, and taking much spoil, fought with Qutlugh Khān, but was defeated and obliged to retreat to the fortress of Bīdar where he shut himself up. Qutlugh Khān however took him also prisoner, and sent him to Sarkdawārī which was the camp of the Sulān's army. The Sulān in the first instance sent the captives to Ghaznīn in exile, but afterwards recalled them thence and put them all to death.