Next morning, being Thursday, I marched round the fort,* and encamped by the tank of Mallū Khan. When I came, it was my design, after the capture of Chanderi, to fall upon Rai Sing,* and Bhīlsan,* and Sārangpūr, which is a country of the pagans, that belonged to Silāh-ed-dīn the Pagan; and I intended, after conquering them, to advance to Chitūr* against Sanka. On the arrival of the unfavourable news that has been alluded to, I convened the Begs, and held a council, in which it was decided that it was necessary, first of all, to proceed to check the rebellion of the insurgents. I gave Chanderi to Ahmed. Shah, who has been mentioned, the grandson of Sultan Nāsir-ed-dīn, and fixed a revenue* of fifty laks* to be paid from it to the imperial treasury. I made Mulla Apāk shikdar (or military collector) of the territory, leaving him with two or three thousand Tūrks and Hindustānis to support Ahmed Shah.

Feb. 2.

Having made these arrangements, on Sunday, the 11th of the first Jumāda, I set out from Mallū Khan’s* tank on my expedition,* and halted on the banks of the river of Burhānpūr. I dispatched from Bandīr, Yakeh Khwājeh and Jaafer Khwājeh, to bring vessels from Kālpi to the passage at Kanār.*

Feb. 15.
Crosses the
Jumna.

On Saturday the 24th, having halted at the passage of Kanār, I ordered the troops to lose no time in crossing with all possible speed. At this time I received intelligence, that the detachment which I had sent forward, after abandoning Kanauj, had fallen back to Rāberi, and that a strong force* had advanced and stormed the fort of Shamsābād, which had been garrisoned* by the troops of Abul Muhammed Nezehbāz.* We were detained three or four days on the two banks of the river, while the army was passing. Having transported the whole army across, I proceeded, march after march, for Kanauj, and sent on a party of light troops before us, in order to gain intelligence of the enemy. We were still two or three marches from Ka­nauj, when they returned with information, that, instantly on discovering from a distance the troops who had advanced to reconnoitre, the son of Maarūf had fled from Kanauj and abandoned it, and that Bīban and Bayezīd, as well as Maarūf,* on hearing of my motions, had recrossed the Ganges, and occupied the east side of the river opposite to Kanauj, hoping that they would be able to prevent my passage.

Feb. 27.
Encamps
on the
Ganges.

On Thursday, the 6th of the latter Jumāda, I passed Kanauj, and encamped on the western bank of the Ganges. My troops went out and seized a number of the enemies’ boats, which they brought in. From above and from below they collected about thirty or forty boats in all, of different Resolves to
force a pas-
sage.
sizes. I sent Mīr Muhammed Jālehbān to throw a bridge over the river.* He accordingly went and marked out a situation, about a kos below our encampment. I appointed commissaries to provide everything requisite for the bridge.* Near the place pitched on, Ustād Ali Kuli brought a gun for the purpose of cannonading, and having pitched upon a proper spot,* began his fire. Bāba Sultan and Derwīsh Sultan, with ten or fifteen men, about evening prayers, crossed over in a boat without any object,* and returned back again without fighting, and having done nothing. I reprimanded them severely for having crossed. Malik Kāsim Moghul and a few men passed over once or twice in a boat, and had very creditable affairs with small bodies of the enemy. Having planted a swivel on an island,* at a place below where the bridge was construct­ing, a fire was commenced from it. Higher up than the bridge, a breastwork was raised, over which the matchlock-men fired with great execution.* At length Malik Kāsim, with a few men, having defeated a party of the enemy, led away by excess of confidence, pursued them with slaughter up to their camp. The enemy sallied out in great force with an elephant, attacked him, and threw his troops into confusion, driving them back into their boat; and before they could put off, the elephant came up and swamped the boat. Malik Kāsim perished in this affair. For several days, while the bridge was constructing, Ustād Ali Kuli played his gun remarkably well. The first day, he discharged it eight times; the second day, sixteen times; and for three or four days he continued firing in the same way. The gun which he fired was that called Dīg Ghazi* (or the victorious gun). It was the same which had been used in the war with Sanka the Pagan, whence it got this name. Another gun, larger than this, had been planted, A. D. 1528. but it burst at the first fire. The matchlock-men continued actively employed in shooting, and they struck down a number both of men and horses with their shot. Among others, they killed two of the royal slaves, and a number of their horses.*

Bābur
crosses the
Ganges.
March 11.
March 12.

As soon as the bridge was nearly completed, on Wednesday the 19th of the last Jumāda, I moved and took post at the end of it.* The Afghans, amazed at our attempt to throw a bridge over the Ganges, treated it with contempt.* On Thursday, the bridge being completed, a few of the infantry and Lahōris crossed, and had a slight action with March 13. the enemy. On Friday, part of my household troops, the right of the centre, the left of the centre, my best troops,* and foot musketeers, crossed over. All the Afghans having armed themselves for battle, mounted, and, advancing with their elephants, attacked them. At one time they made an impression on the troops of the left, and drove them back, but the troops of the centre and of the right stood their ground, and finally drove from the field the enemy opposed to them. Two persons, hurried on by their impetuosity, advanced to some distance from the main body of the troops to which they belonged. One of them was dismounted and taken on the spot. Both the other and his horse were wounded in several places. His horse, in a feeble and tottering condition, escaped,* and dropped down when it had reached the middle of the party to which it belonged. That day, seven or eight heads were brought in. Many of the enemy were wounded by arrows or matchlocks. The fight continued sharply till afternoon prayers. The whole night was employed in bringing back, across the bridge, such as had passed to the other side. If that same Saturday eve* I had carried over the rest of my army, it is probable that most of the enemy would have fallen into our hands. But it came into my head, that last year I had set out on my march from Sīkri, to attack Sanka, on New-Year’s Day, which fell on a Tuesday, and had overthrown my enemy on a Saturday: this year, we had commenced our march against these enemies on New-Year’s Day, which fell upon a Wednesday, and that if we beat them on a Sunday, it would be a remarkable coincidence. On that account I March 14. did not march my troops. On Saturday the enemy did not come out to action, but stood afar off, drawn up in order of battle. That day we conveyed over our artillery, and next March 15. morning the troops had orders to cross. About the beat of the morning drum, information reached us from the The enemy
retire.
advanced guard, that the enemy had gone off and fled. I commanded Chīn Taimūr Sultan to push on before the army, in pursuit of the enemy, and I appointed Muhammed Ali Jeng-Jeng, Husām-ud-dīn Ali Khalīfeh, Muhibb Ali Khalīfeh, Koki Bāba Kashkeh, Dost Muhammed Bāba Kashkeh,* Bāki Tāshkendi, and Wali Kizil, to accompany Sultan, for the purpose of pressing upon and cutting off the enemy; and enjoined them to pay the most implicit obedience to his orders. I also crossed over, about the time of early morning prayers.* I directed the camels to be led over by a ford lower down, which had been surveyed.* That day, being Sunday, I encamped within a kos of Bangermou* on the banks of a pool. The detachment which had been sent on to harass the enemy, had little success.* They had halted at Bangermou, and the same day,* about noon-day March 16. prayers, set out again from that place.* Next morning, I encamped by a tank that is in front of Bangermou, and, the same day, Tukhteh Būgha Sultan, a younger son of my maternal uncle, the younger Khan, waited upon me. March 21. On Saturday, the 29th of the latter Jumāda, I reached Lakhnau; and, having surveyed it, passed the river Gūmti, and encamped. The same day I bathed in the river Gūmti. I know not whether any water got into my ear, or whether it was the effect of the air,* but I became deaf in the right ear, though it was not long very painful.

Bābur
passes the
Gogra.