CÆSAR, the dynastic title of the
kings of the West or Rúm
who were regarded as be-
ing descended from Salm,
the son of Farídún, 154,
161, 162, 165, 167, 169,
172-174, i, 262; ii, 383;
iii, 9; vi, 112, 297, 353;
vii, 163; viii, 8 seq., 19,
43 seq., 51 seq., 230, 232,
245, 252 seq., 257 seq., 299,
306 seq., 334, 373 seq.,
408 seq.; ix, 10, 23
transliteration of, i, 84 and
note
temp. Luhrásp, 154, iv, 339
seq.; v, 11, 32, 167
daughter of=Katáyún, iv,
314; v, 167, 205
capital of, founded by Salm,
iv, 325
Cæsar, temp. Luhrásp, Nastár,
master of the herds to, iv,
325
refuses to employ Gush-
tásp, iv, 326
Búráb, court-farrier to, iv,
326
refuses to employ Gush-
tásp, iv, 327
proposes to give his eldest
daughter in marriage, iv,
329
wrath of, at his daughter's
choice of Gushtásp, iv,
330
yields to bishop's counsel,
iv, 331
refuses to provide for his
daughter and Gushtásp,
iv, 331
bids Mírín slay the wolf of
Fáskún, iv, 333
inspects the slain wolf, iv,
341
marries his second daugh-
ter to Mírín, iv, 341
bids Ahran slay the dragon
of Mount Sakíla, iv, 342
third daughter of, iv, 342
seq.
married to Ahran, iv,
348
rejoices in his two sons in
law, iv, 348
proclaims the tidings of the
slaying of the wolf and
the dragon, iv, 349
sons-in-law of, display their
accomplishment on the
riding-ground, iv, 349
sees Gushtásp's prowess and
questions him, iv, 350
learns the truth about the
wolf and the dragon and
asks pardon of Gushtásp
and Katáyun, iv, 351
wrath of, with Mírín and
Ahran, iv, 351
seeks to find out through
Katáyún who Gushtásp
is, iv, 351
Cæsar, temp. Luhrásp, receives
Gushtásp with honour at
court, iv, 352
Ilyás refuses to pay tribute
to iv, 352
receives a scornful message
from Mírín and Ahran, iv,
353
takes counsel with Gushtásp,
iv, 353
bids Gushtásp lead forth
the host, iv, 354
arrays the host, iv, 355
Gushtásp brings the dead
body of Ilyás to, iv, 355
welcomes Gushtásp after his
victory, iv, 356
consults Gushtásp about
demanding tribute from
Írán, iv, 356
sends an envoy to Luhrásp,
iv, 356
gives audience to Zarír, iv,
360
replies, to, and dismisses
Zarír, iv, 361
questions Gushtásp, iv, 361
sends Gushtásp to Zarír's
camp, iv, 361
goes to feast with Gush-
tásp and discovers who
he is, iv, 363
gives gifts to Katáyún, iv,
363
the Íránian chiefs, iv, 364
parts in good will from
Gushtásp, iv, 364
sends embassy to Gushtásp
on hearing of Arjásp's de-
feat, v, 75
temp. Humái, sues to Rush-
nawád for peace, v, 307
=Failakús q.v., vi, 24, 26, 27
=Sikandar q.v., vi, 40, 42, 49
113, 114, 118, 121, 122,
124, 128, 129, 142, 158,
161, 170, 174, 178, 183
=Valerian (Bazánúsh q.v.),
vi, 326
=Jovian (Bazánúsh q.v.),
vi, 353, 354
Cæsar, temp. Shápúr son of
Ardshír, 161
pays tribute, vi, 298
temp. Shápúr son of Urmuzd,
162, vi, 341 seq., 345
seq.
Shápúr in disguise visits, vi,
336
entertained by, vi, 337
discovered by, vi, 337
arrested by, vi, 337
sewn up in an ass's skin
by, vi, 338
put in charge of wife of
vi, 338
invades and ravages Írán,
vi, 338
Shápúr prepares to attack,
vi, 346
overthrown by Shápúr at
Taisafún, vi, 346 seq.
Shápúr's treatment of, vi,
349, 357
mother of, vi, 351
brother of (Yánús q.v.), vi,
351
temp. Yazdagird son of Shá-
púr, vi, 389
pays tribute, vi, 389
temp. Bahrám Gúr, 165
embassage of, to Bahrám
Gúr, vii, 5, 86, 100
marches on Írán, vii, 84
propounds questions to Bah-
rám Gúr, vii, 102
envoy of, questioned by the
high priest, vii, 104
temp. Núshírwán, 167, 169,
172-174, vii, 244 seq., 269,
273
replies to Núshírwán con-
cerning Munzir, vii, 245
treasures of, taken by Núsh-
írwán, vii, 255, 258
sues to Núshírwán for peace,
vii, 261
sends tribute to Núshírwán,
vii, 362
death of, viii, 43
temp. Núshírwán, Hurmuzd,
and Khusrau Parwíz, 172
Cæsar, temp. Núshírwán, etc.,
offends Núshírwán, viii,
44 seq.
marches against Núshír-
wán, viii, 46
attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 93
retakes cities, viii, 93
makes peace with Hurmuzd,
viii, 95
welcomes Khusrau Parwíz,
viii, 257
offers help to Khusrau Par-
wíz, viii, 261
changes his mind, viii, 262
consults the astrologers, viii,
264
decides to help Khusrau
Parwíz, viii, 265
offers daughter to Khusrau
Parwíz, viii, 266
offers of, accepted by Khus-
rau Parwíz viii, 269, 270
talisman of, viii, 271, 275
deceives Rúman envoys,
viii, 272
mastered by Kharrád,
viii, 274
gifts of, to Kharrád, viii, 278
writes to Khusrau Parwíz,
viii, 279
praises Rúman envoys, viii,
279
counsels Maryam, viii, 279,
280
gives Niyátús charge of
Maryam, viii, 280
corpse of Kút sent to, viii,
291
Khusrau Parwíz announces
death of Bahrám Chú-
bína to, viii, 345
daughter of, gives birth to
Shírwí, viii, 371
Khusrau Parwíz' letter to,
viii, 373
rejoicing of, at birth of
Shírwí, viii, 374
embassy of, to Khusrau
Parwíz, viii, 374
gifts of, given by Khusrau
Parwíz to Shírwi, viii, 381
Cæsar, temp. Núshírwán, etc.,
invited to seize Írán, viii,
408
tricked by Khusrau Parwíz
and retreats, viii, 410
letter of, about the True
Cross referred to, ix, 22
Cæsarean birth, of Rustam, i,
236, 321 seq.
Calanus (Sphinés), Indian as-
cetic, vi, 61
Onesicritus and, vi, 61
Alexander the Great and,
vi, 61
death of, vi, 61
derivation of, vi, 61
identical with the sage sent
by Kaid to Sikandar
(see Four Wonders), vi, 62
Calendar, Zoroastrian, i, 88; iii,
286
adopted by Darius Hystas-
pis, i, 59
Callinicus. See Káliniyús.
Callisthenes, Greek historian
temp. Alexander the Great
vi, 12, 74
Romance of Alexander
fathered on, vi, 13
account of, vi, 13
Callitris quadrivalvis, the Arar
tree, vi, 19
Cambyses, father of Cyrus the
Great, ii, 190
identical with Siyáwush in
legend, ii, 191
Cambyses, son of Cyrus the
Great and King of Persia
(B.C. 528-521), v, 10, 11;
vi, 16
Camel, piece in chess, vii, 422
position of, vii, 422
move of, vii, 422
Cancer, constellation, iii, 125,
151, 255; vii, 257
moon in, an evil omen, i, 188;
iii, 255 (?)
Candace (Kandake, Kaidáfa
q.v.), dynastic title of the
queens of Ethiopia, vi
13, 72
Candace Alexander the Great
and, vi, 65 seq.
Candahar. See Kandahar.
Cannibalism, iii, 191, 244
Canopus, star, i, 188
of Yaman, i, 266; ii, 203;
iii, 297; vi, 382
Cappadocia (Pálawína), vi, 294
Captives, mutilation of, vi, 323,
334, 348, 357
settlement of, vi, 327, 357
Carline and Bahrám Chúbína,
viii, 189, 303
Carnelians, ii, 123
of Yaman, ii, 123
Carrhæ, defeat of Crassus at, i, 15
Carthagenians, the, vi, 30
Alexander the Great's
legendary visit to, vi, 30
Casaubon, Isaac, vi, 13
Caspian Sea, i, 3, 4, 16, 19, 56,
57, 338; ii, 189, 336;
iii, 10, 192; iv, 136; v,
13
Caspian Gates, iv, 315; vi, 31,
32
Cassander (B.C. 350-297), eldest
son of Antipater and
King of Macedonia, vi, 82
Castellan, bishop as. See Bishop.
Castes, division of Aryans into,
i, 7
Íránians into, i, 130, 132
Castle, White. See White Castle.
of the Aláns. See Alans.
Bahman. See Bahman.
Oblivion, vii, 184
Kubád son of Pírúz
confined in, vii, 184
escapes from, viii, 184
Catholicus, viii, 195
Catullus, Roman poet (B.C. 84-
54), i, 60
on Persian next of kin
marriage, i, 60
Caucasus, mountain-range run-
ning in a south-easterly
direction from the Black
Sea to the Caspian, i, 16;
iv, 316; vi, 15; vii, 214,
217; viii, 72
Caucasus, passes in, i, 16; vi, 79
fortified, 1, 16, vii, 153,
187, 216, 239
Mas'údí's account of,
vii, 215
barrier (mythical) of Alex-
ander the Great (Sikan-
dar) in, i, 16; vi, 78, 189,
249
legend of, in the Kurán,
vi, 78
site of, vi, 79
described, vi, 164
Cave, cavern, in Mázandarán, ii,
28
White Dív's, ii, 28, 55, 58
seq.
Afrásiyáb's, in Ázarbáiján,
iv, 136 seq., 259 seq.
Central clime. See Clime.
Chách (Shásh, Old Táshkand,
now in ruins), city on the
right bank of the Jax-
artes west of Ferghána,
famous for its bows, ii,
241, 258; iv, 19, 187, 188,
255; vii, 167, 329, 334,
340, 343, 348, 358, 359;
viii, 314, 377; ix, 115, 116
bow of, i, 227; iii, 123, 181,
227; v, 244; vi, 384;
viii, 125, 126, 294
government of, given to Tús
by Rustam, ii, 358
thane of, one of Firdausí's
authorities, vi, 197, 210
referred to, vi, 229 and
note
daughter of governor of,
vii, 285
intrigue of, vii, 285
executed, vii, 286
battle-axes of, ix, 118
Chaghán, district on the right
bank of the Oxus where
that river is crossed from
Tirmid, and city further
north on the upper waters
of river of the same name,
iii, 152, 177, 228; vii, 94,
157, 359
Chaghán, ceded by Kubád to
the Haitálians, vii, 198
monarch of=Faghánish, vii,
333
Chaghwán=Chaghán (?), vi, 174
Sikandar visits, vi, 174
quits, vi, 175
Cháha, hostelry of, i, 45
Chahár Makála, Persian treatise,
i, 23
account of Firdausí in, i, 38,
39, 45
Chahram (Jahram q.v.), city in
Párs
Chalah, viii, 193
Chálandshán. See Chánland-
shán.
Chalcedon, viii, 194, 195
Chalybon-Beroea (Aleppo), city
in northern Syria, vii, 218;
viii, 41
held to ransom by Núshír-
wán, vii, 218
Champions, the Twelve, vii, 156.
See Rukhs.
Chamrosh, mythical bird, i, 235
Chánlandshán (Khálanján.
Khánlanján), district and
town (Fírúzán) near Ispa-
hán on the Zayinda river
(see LEC. pp. 206, 207
and note), i, 29
Ahmad ibn Muhammad of,
patron of Firdausí, i, 29
Firdausí's escape from
drowning at, i, 26, 29
Chao-wou=Sáwa q.v., viii, 72
Characters, chief, of Sháhnáma,
i, 49
Characteristics, of Írán, i, 3 seq.
Characteristics of a Happy Man,
Pahlaví text, vii, 279
Charam, place in Írán, iii, 40, 41,
52, 68, 85, 86, 111, 112
Charbar, place on the coast of
Balúchistán (Makrán), vi,
70
Chares of Mytilene, Greek writer
and official at the court of
Alexander the Great ii
10; vi 61
Chares of Mytilene, story by, of
Hystaspes and Zariadres
quoted, iv, 314
Charinda, river, iii, 10 note
Charjui (Ámwí q.v.), city on the
Oxus, vii, 91 note
Charogos. See Tainúsh.
Chase, equipage for, vii, 48, 76;
viii, 384
Chess, game of, 169, vi, 201;
vii, 14 and note, 280, 385
seq.; viii, 371
Note on, vii, 380
sent by the Rája of Hind to
Núshírwán, vii, 5, 380,
384 seq.
expounded by Búzurjmihr,
vii, 380, 388
symbolism of, vii, 381
two forms of, vii, 381, 388,
422
changes in powers of pieces
in, vii, 381
Mas'údí on, vii, 382
invention of, Story of the,
169, vii, 394 seq.
Chess-board, vii, 14, 385, 388
Chess-men, vii, 14, 380, 388
Chevy Chase, ii, 82
Chigil (Naryn?) district and
river, tributary of the
Jaxartes, iv, 155
monarch of, v, 110
commands the left, v, 110
=Arjásp, v, 54, 86
Turkman of, =Gurgsár, v,
139
Chihrzád (Humái), daughter and
wife of Sháh Bahman, ii,
3; v, 290 and note
meaning of, v, 290 and note
Chíjast (Khanjast, Urumiah),
lake in Ázarbáiján, iv,
136 note
Children, sometimes brought up
un-named, i, 8, 179
Chín, country, China, but gen-
erally in the Sháhnáma
equivalent to Chinese
Tartary and sometimes
to Túrán, 160, 165, 173,
i, 207, 229, 230, 261, 267,
351, 371; ii, 77, 82, 111,
143, 154, 156, 237, 277,
286, 287, 289, 297, 305,
307, 357, 359, 383, 394;
iii, 46, 49, 103, 106 and
passim.
assigned by Farídún to Túr,
i, 189
brocade of, i, 269, 233 and
passim
coasts of, vi, 173
cloth of gold from, ii, 275;
vi, 182, 334
dínárs of, iv, 241
Faghfúr of. See Faghfúr.
helm of, i, 132
images of, v, 35
implements of, vi, 122
Khán of. See Khán.
King of=Afrásiyáb, ii, 99;
iv, 165, 170, 230
=Khán, iii, 227, 228;
vii, 87
=Arjásp, v, 36, 52, 55,
69, 86, 108
=Faghfúr, vii, 131
lord of=Mahmúd, iv, 142
=Sikandar, vi, 113
=Faghfúr, vi, 171
mace of, iii, 129
ornaments of, ii, 232; vi,
102, 139
paper of, vi, 172
pen of, vi, 57, 99
prince of=Khán, iii, 226
=Afrásiyáb, iv, 194
=Arjásp, v, 35
=Parmúda, viii, 142
=Sáwa, viii, 222
rarities of, vi, 171, 173; vii,
49
robes of, iii, 329; viii, 205,
257
Rose of=daughter of the
Khán, vii, 363 and note
sea of, i, 113, 140, 252, 349;
ii, 12, 256, 276, 285, 356,
357; iii, 151, 252; iv,
237, 254; v, 109, 203,
233, 239 note; vi, 149;
vii, 343; viii, 377
shield of, iii, 125, 140, 256;
ix, 118
Sikandar goes to, vi, 169
silk of, i, 157; iii, 104, 165;
v, 159, 295; vi, 85, 266;
vii, 73, 92, 347, 364, 418;
viii, 258, 269, 374
steel of, iii, 186
stuffs of, vi, 143, 215
ware of, vii, 78
sage of, viii, 235
sashes from, ix, 12, 53
gold thread of, ix, 82
merchantmen of, ix, 89
China, country, vi, 204
silk industry of, vi, 204
Chináb (Akesines), river in the
Punjáb, vi, 31, 64
Chinese, viii, 72
language, vi, 147
Chingish, Túránian hero, 149, iii,
207
volunteers to avenge Kámús,
iii, 194
challenges Rustam, iii, 194
slain by Rustam, iii, 195
Chínwí, noble of Chín, viii, 331
Chionitæ, people, v, 13
geographical position of, v,
13
Chorene, Moses of. See Moses.
Chosrau, Chosroes I (Kisrá),
Sásánian Sháh, vii, 212,
281. See Núshírwán.
Chosroes, king of Armenia, vi,
202
Christ, 174, vi, 339; vii, 207,
249, 264, 270, 273, 276;
ix, 24, 109
Faith of, vi, 133, 339; vii,
274; viii, 43, 191, 272,
310, 380
account of, viii, 276
father of, viii, 276
mother of, viii, 276
Cross of, viii, 377, 380; ix,
23
laughter of, viii, 191, 380
Christian, Christians, 167, vi,
342; vii, 171, 254, 270;
viii, 21, 67, 195, 196, 256,
272, 308, 310, 381; ix, 23
rites of marriage, vi, 104
Faith, vi, 356
persecution of, vii, 153
Firdausí's view of, vii, 219
wife of Núshírwán, vii, 263,
274
mother of Núshzád, vii,
263
helps Núshzád in his
revolt, vii, 266
laments for Núshzád,
vii, 276
support Núshzád, vii, 266,
272
shut gates of Kársán against
Khusrau Parwíz, viii, 252
Christianity, vi, 138
polemics against, vii, 219,
270, 273
Chúbín (Júbín), father, accord-
ing to Mas'údí, of Bahrám
Chúbína, viii, 77
Chúbína, viii, 215, 222
meaning of, viii, 98 note
Cilicia (Kaidáfa), most south-
easterly province of Asia
Minor, vi, 294
Circesium, viii, 188
City of Women, 160. See Harúm.
Claudius, Roman emperor (A.D.
41-54), iii, 10
Cleophis, Indian queen, vi, 65
Alexander the Great and,
vi, 65
Climate, of Írán, i, 4, 5
Mázandarán, ii, 27
Clime, Climes, the seven, i, 40,
71, 122, 123, 238; ii, 15
note, 372; iii, 290, 317;
vi, 179, 262, 266, 273, 280,
376, 377; viii, 395
Kai Khusrau surveys, in his
divining-cup, iii, 318
Central, i, 71, 122; ii, 27
Cloud, emblem of prosperity, i,
73, 113, 114; ii, 263 and
note; iv, 141; vi, 96
Cloud, thunder-, as water-steal-
ing demon, i, 7
of bale=Afrásiyáb, ii, 13
name given by Rustam to
himself, ii, 53
Clough, quoted, viii, 187
Cocks and hens, taught to crow
daybreak, i, 126
Colchians, people of the south-
eastern shores of the
Euxine, vi, 72
Colic, cure of, vii, 39
Commander of the Faithful, ix,
72
'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and
note
Commons, king of the, vii, 3
Communists (Mazdakites, q.v.),
vii, 185
Companions of the Prophet
(Muhammad), 139
praise of, 139, i, 106
Constantinople, vii, 316; viii,
194
conspirator against Núshír-
wán escapes to, vii, 316
Contents, General Table of, ix,
139
Cook, chief, of Núshírwán, griev-
ance of, viii, 18
Cordwainer. See Shoemaker.
Corn-land, taxes on, vii, 215
Corpse, 160
Cos, island in the Ægean sea, vi,
204
silk industry of, vi, 204
Cosmogony, ancient Íránian, i,
5, 71
Firdausí's, 102, iv, 136
Country of the Blest. See Blest.
Courses, the Seven, of Rustam,
143, ii, 29, 44 seq.
Crassus, the triumvir (B.C. 115-
53), i, 15
defeat of, at Carrhæ, i, 15
Creation, Zoroastrian account of,
i, 5, 117
Firdausí's account of, i, 102
seq.
Crete, island, south of Greece,
vi, 323 note.
Crete, Minos king of, legend of,
vi, 323 note
Crocodile, iii, 278
=assassin, i, 111
=Kámús, iii, 192
Cross, the, 174, vi, 351, 352;
vii, 249, 270, 276; viii, 308,
309, 374
captured by Dáráb, vi, 306
and note
religion of, vi, 138
Passion of, vi, 339
the true, viii, 191, 196, 253,
377, 378, 380; ix, 4, 5,
10, 24
restoration of, ix, 7, 56
of Christ, ix, 23
Elevation of, ix, 43
Crows and Owls, story of, viii,
263 and note
Crystal, House of, ix, 25 and note
Ctesias. See Ktesias.
Ctesiphon (Taisafún q.v.), city on
the left bank of the Tigris
some 25 miles below Bagh-
dád, originally an exten-
sion of Seleucia on the
right bank of that river,
ii, 80; vi, 321, 322, 325,
372; viii, 42, 188, 189,
193, 194, 196; ix, 65 seq.
taken by Shahrbaráz, ix,
43, 44
Sa'ad, ix, 67
booty found at, ix, 68
Culture-heroes. See Gaiúmart,
Húshang, Tahmúras, and
Jamshíd, i, 118 seq.
Cup, divining-, of Kai Khusrau,
iii, 317, 318, 323
inexhaustible, of Kaid, 159,
vi, 94, 100, 109
poisoned, proffered to Ard-
shír Pápakán, vi, 259
crystal, to detect poison (?),
vii, 51
Cybele, Greek goddess, vi, 71
=Hittite Ma, vi, 71
Cymbals, of the Brides of the
Treasure, vi, 250; vii, 35
and note
Cypress, of Kishmar. See Kish-
mar.
Cyrus the Great (B.C. 558-528),
son of Cambyses and
founder of the Persian
empire
legend of, in Herodotus
identical with that of Kai
Khusrau, ii, 9, 190
in Ctesias transferred to
Ardshír Pápakán, vi,
195
rise of, i, 18
compared to that of Ard-
shír Pápakán, vi, 194
historical parallel with Kai
Khusrau, v, 10