Gul-badan, 39a, 42a, 43b, 48a, 55a, 55b, 58a, 59b, 62b, 66a,
74a, 78b, 83a.
Akbar-nāma, Bib. Ind. ed., s.n..
Aīn-i-akbarī. Aīn, 26, Ṣufīyāna, Blochmann, 61, 62.
Jauhar, l.c., Niāmu-d-dīn Aḥmad, etc.
Ma'āsiru-l-umarā' Bib. Ind. ed., I. 618.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, October, 1898, art.
Bāyazīd bīyāt, H. Beveridge, 16.

LXXXIV. Ḥaram Begam Qibchāq Mughal.

Princess of the Ḥaram. Her name has been trans­literated by some European workers as Khurram, ‘blossoming, cheerful,’ and this seems the more prob­able name to bestow on a child. But some of the Persian texts support Ḥaram, and the editors of the Bib. Ind. Akbar-nāma have adopted it. Gul-badan has Ḥaram.

Ḥaram Begam may be a sobriquet bestowed after the revelation of the facts of the bearer's character and dominance.

Daughter of Sulān Wais Kulābī Qibchāq Mughal; and sister of Chakr 'Alī and Ḥaidar Begs and of Māh Begam, a wife of Kāmrān. She married Sulai-mān Mīrzā Mīrān-shāhī, son of Khān Mīrzā (Wais). She had one son, Ibrāhīm (Abū'l-qāsim), and several daughters. Her children, through Shāh Begam Badakhshī, their paternal ancestress, claimed descent from Alexander the Great.

Most of the incidents of her career are given in the Introduction to this book, and her remarkable char­acter is exhibited there. Badāyunī calls her Walī-ni'amat , and says she was known by this name. This may be a tribute to her pre-eminence in character and action and also to the fact of her belonging to an older generation than Akbar's, under whom he wrote. The elder men of royal birth were Lords and the elder women Ladies of Beneficence in those days.

Gul-badan, 65a, 75b.

Akbar-nāma, Bib. Ind. ed., s.n..

Badāyunī, Lowe, 61, 89, 90, 217.

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, October, 1898, art. Bāyazīd bīyāt, H. Beveridge, 12, 16.

B. & H., s.n..

Aīn-i-akbarī, Blochmann, s.n..

Introduction, supra.

LXXXV. Hazāra Begam.

Princess of the tribe of the Hazāra. This is a title, and not a personal name.

She was the daughter of a brother of Khiẓr Khān Hazāra who was the chief of his tribe during the struggles for supremacy of Humāyūn and Kāmrān. She married Kāmrān.

Gul-badan, 64b.

LXXXVI. Ḥusn-nigār Khānam Chaghatāī Mughal.

The image of beauty; Ar. ḥusn, beauty, and Pers. nigār, image.

Daughter of Isān-būghā Chaghatāī and niece of Yūnas Khān; sister of Dost-muḥammad and wife of Abā-bakr Dughlāt Mughal.

Tār. Rash., E. & R., 89, 99.

LXXXVII. Isān-daulat Khānam and Begam Qūchīn Mughal.

Her name takes several forms. The Bābar-nāma, Turkī text (B.M. Or. Add. 26,324), has a clearly pointed Ishān; Ilminsky has Isān passim. An early Persian MS. (B.M. Or. 3,714) has Isān and Isan.

The Memoirs have Isan in all but two instances (p. 12), where Ais is used. But Mr. Erskine's Persian text (B.M. Add. 26,200), which is presum­ably his authority, can (I venture to think, after comparing the words he renders Ais with those he renders Isan) yield Isan in all places. Where he reads Ais (pp. 10 and 141) the nūn is not dotted; the letters closely correspond with those where it is dotted, and where he reads Isan.

The Tārīkh-i-rashīdī (B.M. Or. 157) writes Isān.

The weight of authority is in favour of Isān.

Isān-daulat was Bābar's maternal grandmother and a daughter of Mīr Shīr-'alī Beg Qūchīn (Kunjī), chief of the Sagharīchī tumān (10,000) of the Qūchīn Mughals.

She married Yūnas Khān Chaghatāī Mughal when he was forty-one years old. He was born in 818H. (1415-16), so that the date of her marriage is, approxi­mately, 1456. At this time Yūnas was made Great Khān of the Mughals.

Isān-daulat bore three daughters, who were named Mihr-nigār, Qūt-līq-nigār, and Khūb-nigār. She had many brothers, of whom three, Shīram, Mazīd, and 'Alī-dost, took leading parts in Bābar's affairs. Her chief co-wife was Shāh Begam Badakhshī.

She shared the vicissitudes of her remarkable husband's remarkable career for some thirty years; nursed him through two years of paralytic helpless­ness till his death in 892H. (1487) at the age of seventy-four, and survived him about eighteen years.

Four times at least she fell into the hands of an enemy:

(1) In Kāshghar, cir. 860H. (1455-56), when Mihr-nigār was an infant at the breast and when she was returned in safety to her husband.

(2) In Tāshkand in 877H. (1472-73), when Yūnas had gone to buy barley at a time of dearth in Mughal-istān. It was then that there occurred the well-known episode which shows Isān-daulat's high spirit and decision of character and which is briefly narrated in the Introduction (p. 68). She was returned with honour to her husband.

(3) In Andijān in 903H. (1497-98), when the town was taken from her grandson Bābar by his kinsfolk. She was sent after him in safety to Khojand, and from there went on to the protection of her third daughter's home in Kāshghar.

(4) At Samarqand in 906H. (1500-1), when the town was taken by Shaibānī. She remained behind when Bābar left the place, and rejoined him in a few months with his ‘family, heavy baggage, and a few lean and hungry followers.’

In the eighth year of her widowhood (900H.) she was guiding Bābar's affairs with decision and sense in Andijān. He says that few women equalled her for sagacity, far-sight and good judgment, and that many important affairs were carried out by her counsel.

News of her death reached Bābar in Kābul early in 911H. (June, 1505), during the forty days' mourning for his mother.

Two slight records of her remain for mention. Desert-born and of a tribe which clamoured against settled life, she yet had a garden-house at Andijān. She reared a half-sister of Bābar, Yādgār, daughter of Aghā āghācha.

Mems., 10, 12, 16, 27, 58, 59, 100, 111, 169.

Tār. Rash., E. & R., 86, 94, 175, 197, 308.

B. & H., s.n..

LXXXVIII. Jahān-sulān Begam.

The world-ruling princess; Pers. jahān, world, and Ar. sulān, sway.

Probably a child of Humāyūn. She died in Kābul, aged two, in 954H. (1547).

Gul-badan, 70a.

LXXXIX. Jamāl āghā.

Grace; Ar. jamāl, grace, beauty.

Wife (1) of Sanīz Mīrzā Dughlāt, and by him mother of 'Umar and Abā-bakr and Jān (or Khān)-sulān Khānam.

(2) of Dost-muḥammad Chaghatāī in 869 H.

(3) of Muḥammad Ḥaidar Dughlāt, and by him mother of Muḥammad Ḥusain Mīrzā Ḥiṣārī (Ḥaidar's father) and Sayyid Muḥammad Mīrzā.

Her third marriage was made by the Mughal custom of yanga-lik, i.e., marriage by a younger brother of an elder brother's widow. (Cf. Khān-zāda Mīrān-shāhī.)

Tār. Rash., E. & R., 88, 89, 99, 102, 104.

XC. Jān-sulān Begam. (No. 32.)

The soul-ruling princess; Pers. jān, life, soul, and
Ar. sulān, sway.