AAISHMA DAÉVA, demon, iii., 272
=Asmodeus probably, iii,
272
Ábán, genius, iii, 287, 328
'Abbás, Arab chief, attacks Hur-
muzd, viii, 93
'Abbásid, 'Abbásids, Muhamma-
dan dynasty, vi, 327
rise of, i, 13
fall of, i, 14
Abbreviations, General List of,
ix, 135
Abdaas, bishop, vi, 372
Abraham, patriarch, vi, 65
Abtín (Áptya, Áthwya), mythi-
cal Iránian hero, husband
of Farának and father of
Farídún, ix, 53, 103
legend of, i, 145
Zahhák slays, i, 151, 153
Farídún avenges, i, 170
mythological origin of, i,
171, 172, 174
Abú-'Alí Muhammad, Persian
poet, Sháhnáma of, i, 69
Abú Bakr, the first Khalífa
(A.D. 632-4), i, 12, ix, 76
begins war with Persian
Empire, ix, 66
Abú Dulaf, friend of Firdausí, i,
35
assists Firdausí, i, 35
reciter of the Sháhnáma,
i. 39
Abú'l 'Abbás Fazl bin Ahmad,
minister of Mahmúd and
perhaps a patron of Fir-
dausí, i, 30, 100, iv, 141
account of, i, 36
disgrace of, may have af-
fected Firdausí, i, 37
Abú'l Fazl, minister under the
Sámánids, father of Abú
'Alí al Bal'amí who trans-
lated Tabarí, vii. 430
patron of Rúdagí, vii, 383
Abú'l Kásim (Firdausí, q.v.), i,
24, 38, 99, 112, iv, 140,
v, 89, 119, vi, 20, 207,
viii, 28
Abú'l Kásim of Gurgán, shaikh,
iii, 191
dream of, about Firdausí, iii,
191
Abú' Muzaffar. See Nasr.
Abú Mansúr bin Abdu'r Razzák,
prince of Tús, i, 67 seq.,
vi, 16
Sháhnáma of, vi, 16
probably compiled by
Magi for, i, 69, viii, 71,
73
importance of, for Fir-
dausí, viii, 73.
Abú Mansúr bin Muhammad, son
of above (?), 139
patron of Firdausí, i, 29, 110
murdered, i, 29, 111
praise of, i, 110
advice of, to Firdausí, i,
111
Abú Raihán Muhammad. See
Albírúní.
Abú Tálib, uncle of Muhammad,
i, 12
Abú 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 66
supersedes Khálid in Syria,
ix. 66
Abú 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix,
67
made commander in Persian
campaign, ix, 67
slain, ix, 67
Accession of a Sháh, ceremony
at, vi, 409
Achaemenid, Achaemenids, the,
first historical Persian
dynasty, i, 64, v, 10, 281,
vi, 194, 197, 198
Achshunwar. See Akhshunwar.
'Ád, father of Shaddád, q.v.
Arab tribe, viii, 276
'Adan, seaport and territory in
southern Arabia, vi, 386
Ádar. See Ázar.
Ádarbád, son of Mahraspand,
Zoroastrian Saint, v, 16
note
ordeal of, v, 16 note
Aden. See 'Adan.
Adonis, iv, 315
Ægean sea, vi, 204
Afrásiyáb, son of Pashang, ruler
of Túrán and one of the
arch-enemies of Írán, 142-
153, i, 42, 55, 72, ii, 11, 13,
14, 16 seq., 20, 79, 81,
98 seq., 118, 127, 149, 184,
189, 242 seq., 257 seq., 283,
286, 288, 322 seq., 335, 347
seq., 360 seq., 369, 373,
380, 381, 386, 392 seq.,
401 seq., iii, 8, 12, 13, 15, 23,
26, 27, 29, 40, 42, 47, 73,
76 seq., 100, 108, 123, 134,
136, 143, 146, 152, 153,
164, 165, 176, 183, 185,
193, 200 seq., 207 seq., 211,
213, 218, 223, 228, 241,
260 seq., 268, 271, 277
seq., 285, 295, 298, 300,
320, 333, 337, 339, 346
seq., iv. 7, 8, 17, 19 seq.,
25, 29, 46, 56, 58 seq., 65,
66, 70, 75, seq., 83, 89, 93,
94, 96, 103, 108, 110, 113,
117, 128, 129, 145, 146,
150 seq., 192 seq., 235, 252,
253, 273, 287, 289, 294 v,
12, 13, 21, 44, 62, 176,
203, 208, vi, 15, 79, 177,
240 and note, vii, 330,
335, 337, 359, viii, 242,
300, 349, ix, 25, 103
one of the Zoroastrian triad
of evil, i, 59 and note
mythological origin of, i,
337
first mention of, in Sháh-
náma, i, 342
advocates war with Nau-
dar, i, 343
bidden by Pashang to in-
vade Írán, i, 343
sends Shamásás and Khaz-
arwán to invade Sístán, i,
345
marches to Dahistán, i, 346
writes to Pashang, i, 346
encourages Bármán to chal-
lenge the Íránians to
single combat, i, 347
rewards Bármán, i,348
fights with Naudar, i, 348
and seq.
encounters Káran, i. 350
victorious, i, 350, 352
beleaguers Naudar in Dah-
istán, i, 353
sends Kurúkhán to attack
Párs, i, 353
takes Naudar and other
chiefs prisoners, i, 355
hears of the death of Bár-
mán and bids Wísa pur-
sue Káran, i, 356
hears of the Turkman de-
feats, i, 362
sends for, and slays, Naudar,
i, 362
spares the other captives at
Ighríras' request, i, 363
Afrásiyáb, imprisons the cap-
tives at Sarí, i, 363
advances to Rai, i, 363
wroth with, and slays, Igh-
ríras, i, 367
fights with Zál, i, 368
Pashang's wrath with, i,
374
invades Írán, i, 374 seq.,
381
sends Kulún to intercept
Rustam, i, 382
fights with Arabs for Írán
and takes it, ii, 92
king of Túrán and Chín, ii,
99
expelled from Írán by Kai
Káús and Rustam, ii, 101
fights with the Seven
Warriors, ii., 111 seq.
nearly taken prisoner by
Rustam, ii, 14, 116, 354,
iii, 242, 250 and note
plot of, against Suhráb and
Rustam, ii, 129
gifts of, to Suhráb, ii, 130
identical with Astyages in
legend, ii, 191
referred to, ii, 322, 347, 394,
iii, 206, iv, 145, 150, 194
invades Írán, ii, 224 seq.
dream of, ii, 232, 243, 297,
iv, 170, 267
determines to sue for peace
and sends hostages, ii,
235 seq.
receives Zanga and consults
Pírán, ii, 253 seq.
sends Pírán to welcome
Siyáwush, ii, 258
plays at polo with Siyá-
wush, ii, 264
marries Farangís to Siyá-
wush, ii, 275
recalls Siyáwush, from
Gang-dizh, ii, 285
sends Garsíwaz to Siyá-
wushgird, ii, 289
deceived by Garsíwaz res-
pecting Siyáwush, ii, 296
seq.
Afrásiyáb, sends Garsíwaz to
summon Siyáwush and
Farangís to court, ii, 300
seq.
attacks, takes, and has
Siyáwush executed, ii, 314
seq.
appealed to by Farangís, ii,
317
ill-treatment of Farangís by,
ii, 320, 322
referred to, iv, 204
appeal of Pírán to, ii, 324
referred to, iv, 205
spares Farangís, ii, 325, and
her son Kai Khusrau, ii,
327
interview of, with Kai Khus-
rau, ii, 332
referred to, iv, 205
sends Surkha against the
Íránians, ii, 344
marches to avenge Sur-
kha, ii, 348
fights with Tús, ii, 353
rescue of, from Rustam by
Húmán, ii, 354
crosses the sea of Chín, ii,
356
consults Pírán about Kai
Khusrau, ii, 356
returns, ii, 362
vengeance of, on Írán, ii,
363
pursues Kai Khusrau, ii,
388 seq.
disgraces Pírán, ii, 390
turns back at the Jíhún, ii,
394
Kai Khusrau's oath to take
vengeance on, iii., 21
hears of the approach of
the Íránian host, iii,
71
bids Pírán gather troops,
iii, 71, 79
numbers the host, iii, 79
loss of kindred of, in battle,
iii, 94
rewards Pírán, iii, 106
reinforces Pírán, iii, 118
Afrásiyáb, announces to his
chiefs the defeat of his
host, iii, 242
exhorted by his host to con-
tinue the war, iii, 243, 249
makes his preparations, iii,
243, 250
sends Farghár to spy on
Rustam, iii, 250
consults with Shída, iii, 250
describes Rustam, iii, 251
receives Farghár's report,
iii, 253
consults with Pírán, iii, 253
bids Pírán continue the war,
iii, 254
sends Shída to summon
Púládwand, iii, 255
consults Púládwand, iii, 256
interferes in the fight be-
tween Rustam and Púlád-
wand, iii, 263
withdraws to Chín and
Máchín, iii, 265
goes in pursuit of Rustam
and is defeated, iii, 280
hears of the case of Bízhan
and Manízha iii, 301
consults Kurákhán, iii, 301
sends Garsíwaz to search
Manízha's palace, iii, 301
sentences Bízhan to death,
iii, 304
respites Bízhan, iii, 308
imprisons Bízhan, iii, 309
disgraces Manízha, iii, 309
escapes from Rustam, iii
348
bids Pírán prepare for war,
iii, 349
arrays the host against
Rustam, iii, 350
flees from Rustam, iii, 352
goes to Khallukh, iv, 10
addresses his nobles, iv, 10
sends Shída to Kharazm,
iv, 11.
Pírán against Írán, iv, 11
reinforcements and bids
him break off negotia-
tions with Gív, iv, 20
Afrásiyáb, receives tidings from
Pírán, iv, 77
=king of Gang, iv. 134
Kai Khusrau's great war
with, 152, iv, 135 seq.
encamped at Baigand (Kun-
duz), iv, 151
hears ill tidings of Pírán and
of the host, iv, 151
distress of, iv, 152
swears to be avenged on Kai
Khusrau, iv, 152
hears of the advance of Kai
Khusrau, iv, 153
harangues and equips his
host, iv, 153
patrols the Jíhún with boats,
iv, 153
holds a council, summons
Kurákhán, and crosses the
Jíhún, iv, 154
sends Kurákhán with half
the host to Bukhárá, iv,
154
marches to Ámwí, iv, 154
encamps in Gílán, iv, 155
arrays his host, iv, 155
takes his post at the centre,
iv, 155
gives Shída command of the
left wing, iv, 155
sends Jahn to guard Shída's
rear, iv, 155
gives a grandson command
of the right wing, iv,
156
commands to Gurdgír,
Nastúh, Ighríras, and
Garsíwaz, iv, 156
proposes to invade Nímrúz,
iv, 156
reviews the host and pre-
pares to encounter Kai
Khusrau, iv, 158
urged by Shída not to
delay the attack, iv, 159
reply of, iv, 160
wishes to meet Kai Khusrau
in single combat, iv, 161
sends Shída on an embassage
to Kai Khusrau, iv, 161
Afrásiyáb, hears of Shída's
death, iv, 176
grief of, iv, 176
commands in person against
Kai Khusrau, iv, 179
sends Jahn to the left, iv,
180
reinforced by Garsíwaz, iv,
181
forced by Garsíwaz and
Jahn to quit the field, iv,
182
returns to camp, iv, 183
abandons his camp and re-
crosses the Jíhún, iv, 184
joins forces with Kurákhán,
iv, 186
stays at Bukhárá, iv, 186
withdraws to Gang-bihisht,
iv, 187
reinforced by Kákula, iv,
188
sends troops to Chách, iv,
188
under Tawurg desertward,
iv, 188
marches to meet Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 190
commands the centre, iv, 190
hears of Kurákhán's defeat
and return, iv, 193
hears that Rustam is ad-
vancing, iv, 194
fails in attempt to surprise
Rustam and withdraws to
Gang-bihisht, iv, 194,
seq.
asks aid from the Faghfúr,
iv, 196
prepares Gang-bihisht for a
siege, iv, 197
besieged in Gang-bihisht,
iv, 198, 208 seq.
offers terms of peace to Kai
Khusrau, iv, 203
rallies his troops at the
storming of Gang-bihisht,
iv, 209
escapes, iv, 211
gets possession of the trea-
sures of Pírán, iv, 219
Afrásiyáb, arrays his host to
fight with Kai Khusrau,
iv, 220
offers Kai Khusrau peace or
single combat, iv, 221
fights a general engagement
against Kai Khusrau, iv,
223, 226
defeated and escapes by
flight, iv, 227
army, of, surrenders to Kai
Khusrau, iv, 228
takes refuge at Gang-dizh,
iv, 230
captive kindred of, sent to
Kai Káús by Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 232
Kai Káús on, iv, 237
Khusrau's inquiries concern-
ing, iv, 247
hears of Kai Khusrau's ap-
proach and quits Gang-
dizh, iv, 248
searched for by Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 248
fears of the Íránians concern-
ing, iv, 249
Kai Khusrau takes counsel
with Kai Káús about, iv,
258
wanderings and wretched
plight of, iv, 259
takes refuge in a cave near
Barda', iv, 259
lament of, overheard by
Húm, iv, 260
capture of, by Húm, iv,
261
Darmesteter on, iv, 136
pitied and unbound by Húm,
iv, 262
escapes into lake Urumiah,
iv, 262 and note
attracted by the voice of
Garsíwaz, iv, 265
holds converse with Garsí-
waz, iv, 266
recapture of, by Húm, iv,
266
slain by Kai Khusrau, iv,
268
Afrásiyáb, daughter of=Fa-
rangís, iv, 304
Khán of Chín descended
from, vii, 334
hoard of, viii, 148, 406
Africa, vi, 30
Áfrígh, king of Khárazm, ii, 190
'Afrít, genie, i, 42
Agani, Sargon I. of, v, 293
Age, old, Firdausí's lament over
his, ii, 336
Golden. See Golden.
Aghraératha (Ighríras, q.v.), iv,
137
Aghrérad (Ighríras, q.v.), i, 338
Aghríras. See Ighríras.
Agni, Vedic personification of
fire, ii, 25
Ahdnámak (Andarznámak), Pah-
laví treatise, vi, 257
Ahmad, son of Ismá' íl, Sámánid,
vii, 383
Ahmad, son of Sahl, lord of Marv,
v, 260, 261
Ahmad, Fazl son of. See Ábú'l
'Abbás Fazl.
Ahmad Hasan Maimandí, minis-
ter of Mahmúd, i, 32, 39,
45
Ahmad ibn Muhammad, patron
of Firdausí, i, 29
Ahran, Rúman chief, 154, iv,
342 seq., 353
bidden by Caesar to slay the
dragon of Mount Sakíla,
iv, 342
takes counsel with Mírín,
iv, 342
referred by Mírín to Híshwí,
iv, 344
Ahran, required by Gushtásp to
furnish him with arms, iv,
345
goes with Gushtásp and
Híshwí to Mount Sakíla,
iv, 346
Híshwí and, welcome Gush-
tásp on his return, iv,
347
gives gifts to Gushtásp, iv,
347
Ahran, has the dead dragon con-
veyed to Caesar's court,
iv, 348
marries Caesar's third
daughter, iv, 348
Mírín and, display their
accomplishment on the
riding-ground, iv, 349
Caesar's wrath with Mírín
and, iv, 351
Mírín and, send a scornful
message to Caesar, iv, 353
set to guard the baggage,
iv, 355
Áhriman, the Zoroastrian Evil
Principle, sometimes used
metaphorically, 139, i, 5, 6,
50, 134, 138, 159, 194, 205,
218, 236, 238, 241, 245,
287, 315, 360; ii, 34, 42,
43, 51, 53, 56, 78, 160,
208, 214, 217, 250, 260,
303, 315, 324, 358, 361,
374 seq., 405 seq.; iii,
17, 123, 214, 228, 251, 266,
275, 277, 287, 293, 294,
300, 303, 304, 314, 316,
318, 338; iv, 23, 41 seq.,
45, 46, 89, 103, 124, 128,
130, 162, 163, 179, 206,
243, 272, 288, 342, 348,
352; v, 17, 33, 36, 45, 50,
90, 99, 103, 122, 123, 125,
147, 177, 198, 206, 246,
271, 276; vi, 106, 112,
206, 240, 281, 290, 299,
318, 384; vii, 89, 233,
265, 271, 290, 312, 323,
334, 359, 366, 367, 369;
viii, 19, 21, 22, 86, 87, 176,
177, 198, 210, 219, 243,
293, 333, 364, 421; ix,
8, 18, 73, 74, 79, 91
envies Gaiúmart, i, 118
son of (the Black Dív), i, 119
Surúsh warns Gaiúmart
against, i, 119
ridden by Tahmúras, i, 125,
127
=Zahhák, i, 162
=Salm and Túr, i, 194
Áhriman = Afrásiyáb, i, 366
Faith of, ii, 358; vi, 281, 290
=idolater, viii, 54
=Bandwí or Gustaham,
viii, 89
=Kharrád, son of Barzín,
viii, 111
=Bahrám Chúbína, viii, 295
Ahuna Vairya, Zoroastrian
sacred formula, v, 17
Ahura Mazda (Urmuzd), the
Zoroastrian Good Prin-
ciple, i, 116, 235; ii, 25
81; iv, 137
Ahwáz, city and province
(Khúzistán, Susiana), i,
286; vi, 35, 199, 298, 357;
vii, 197, 198, 201, 214,
224; viii 400, 402
Airán-végó (Írán-vej q.v.), ii, 189
Akem Manau, Zoroastrian de-
mon, iii, 271, 272
=Akúmán=Akwán, iii 272
assails Zarduhsht v, 17
Akesines (Chináb), Indian river,
vi, 31, 64
Akhást, Túránian hero, 151;
iv, 105
chosen to fight with Zanga,
iv, 97
slain by Zanga, iv, 106
Akhshunwar (Achshunwar),
Haitálian king, vii, 160
Akki, foster-father of Sargon I
of Agani, v, 293
Aknaton, Pharaoh (XVIII
dynasty)
lover of peace like Yazda-
gird, son of Shápúr, vi, 371
'Akr Bábil, prison, viii, 194, 196
Akúmán. See Akem Manau.
Akwán, dív, 150, iii, 270 seq., 280
seq., 284, 309
Story of, iii, 271
Professor Nöldeke on the,
iii, 271
Firdausí on, iii, 273, 281
boulder of, iii, 271, 276, 309,
343, 344, 347
removed from pit's mouth
by Rustam, iii, 345
Akwán, appears in the form of
an onager, iii, 273 seq.
pursued by Rustam, iii, 275
foils Rustam, iii, 276
takes Rustam at a disad-
vantage, iii, 276
offers Rustam a choice of
deaths, iii, 277
outwitted by Rustam, iii,
277
slain by Rustam, iii, 281
described by Rustam, iii, 282
Ál, place, ix, 93
Aláns (Alani), people, now the
Ossetes of the Caucasus,
141, 167, i, 217; iv, 14,
60, 65, 301; vi, 395;
viii, 369
invade Írán, i, 19
castle of the, i, 223
taken by Káran, i, 223,
seq.
castellan of, duped by
Káran, i, 224
monarch of, vi, 395
Núshírwán's dealings with,
vii, 216, 239 seq.
King of=Khusrau Parwíz,
viii, 208, 209, 213
Alár, a village in Ardshír-Khurra
q.v., vi, 205
Albírúní, Abú Raihán Muham-
mad, Oriental author and
chronologist (A.D. 973-
1048), ii, 189
account of Alfír (Gangdizh ?)
by, ii, 190
Alburz, mountain-range south of
the Caspian, also mythi-
cal range (Hara-bere-
zaiti) surrounding the
earth, 142, i, 4, 71, 145,
158, 235, 248, 250, 277,
298, 351, 373; ii, 11, 23,
27, 79, 96, 144, 336, 401;
iii, 120; iv, 136; v, 202;
vii, 177; ix, 95
Farídún taken by his mother
to, i, 152
Zál cast away, and found,
upon, i, 241 seq.
Alburz, Kai Kubád brought by
Rustam from, i, 382 seq.
Kai Káús' buildings on, ii,
81
Aleppo (Chalybon - Beroea), city
in northern Syria, vii,
218; viii, 41
Alexander I, king of Epirus
Italian expedition of, vi, 12
attributed to Alexander
the Great, vi, 12
Alexander the Great (Sikandar
q.v.), B.C. 356-323, son of
Philip II of Macedon and
his queen Olympias, 1, 14,
49; ii, 8 seq.; iv, 314;
v, 30; vi, 193, 194, 204,
252, 253, 373; vii, 383
barrier of, i, 16; vi, 78
legend of, in the Kurán,
vi, 78
persecutor of Zoroastrian-
ism, i, 15, 59, 61, 63, 338
paternity of, i, 55 and note;
vi, 16, 18
one of the Zoroastrian triad
of evil, i, 59 and note
said to have burnt the Zoro-
astrian scriptures, i, 63
Zoroastrianism under, i, 63
Era of, ii, 190
accompanied by experts to
the East, vi, 11
Romance of, origin and
growth of, vi, 12 seq.
diagram to illustrate, vi,
84
Syriac Christian Legend of,
See Syriac.
Muhammad's references to,
in the Kurán, vi, 15, 77
Persian national hero, how
he became, vi, 15
cities founded by, vi, 13,
18
name, Persian legend of his,
vi, 19
Aristotle, tutor of, vi, 29
letter to, vi, 68
correspondence about the
succession with, vi, 81
Alexander the Great, Roxana
(Rúshanak) and, vi, 30, 32
reign of, first years of, in
history and romance, vi,
30
Darius' banquet, his flight
from, vi, 30
his pursuit of, vi, 31
murderers of, his treat-
ment of them in history
and romance, vi, 32, 33
daughter of, marries, vi,
33
Fakírs and, vi, 61
Calanus and, vi, 61
Porus and, historical ac-
count of, vi, 63
camp of, his visit to, vi, 64
iron steeds, his device of, vi,
64
stature of, vi, 64
Cleophis and, vi, 65
Ammon, Oasis of, his visit
to, vi, 65
Candace (Kaidáfa) and, vi,
65 seq.
Antigonus (Naitkún), as-
sumes name of, vi, 66
Plutarch's Life of, vi, 67
Brahmans, visit of, to the,
vi, 67
Indus mistaken for the Nile
by, vi, 68
marvels of his return-jour-
ney, vi, 69
admiral of (Nearchus), vi, 69
Amazons and, vi, 12, 72
legend of, vi, 72
Gloom and Fount of Life,
legend of his expedition
to, in the Pseudo-Cal-
listhenes, vi, 74 seq.
Andreas, his cook, legend of,
vi, 76
in the Kurán, vi, 77
Will of, vi, 81
death of, vi, 82
dispute over his place of
interment, vi, 82
corpse of, taken to Memphis,
vi, 82
Alexander, the Great, interred at
Alexandria, vi, 82
tomb of, vi, 82
Mas'údí on, vi, 82
S. Chrysostom on, vi, 82
wars on the death of, vi,
197
Alexander, son of Alexander the
Great and Cleophis (?), vi,
65
Alexandria (Iskandaríya q.v.),
city and sea-port in
Egypt, vi, 13, 15, 17, 83
founded by Alexander the
Great, vi, 13
Pseudo-Callisthenes orig-
inated at, vi, 13
Alexander, the Great, buried
at, vi, 82
his tomb at, vi, 82
Mas'údí on, vi, 82
S. Chrysostom on, vi, 82
Alfír (Gangdizh ?), palace-fort-
tress of the capital of
Khárazm, ii, 190
Al Hadr. See Hatra.
'Alí, husband of Fátima, daugh-
ter of Muhammad, and
fourth Khalífa (A.D. 656
—661)
Muhammad on, i, 12, 106
cult of, i, 13
known as “the Lion,” i, 13,
107
assassination of, i, 13
Firdausí's references to, i,
24, 37, 40, 41, 106, 107;
ii, 337 and note
'Alí, the Dílamite, friend and
helper of Firdausí, i, 35;
ix, 121
transcriber of the Sháh-
náma, i, 39
Alif, terminal, Firdausí's use of,
iii, 283
Al Iskandarús. See Halai.
Al Khidr (Khisr q.v.), the Green
Prophet, vi, 78 and note
Alkús, Túránian hero, ii, 114
Alkús, fights with, and worsts,
Zawára, ii, 115
slain by Rustam, ii, 115
Allah, Muhammadan name of
the Deity, i, 50
Al Mansúr, 'Abbásid Khalífa
(A.D. 754-775), founder of
Baghdád, vi, 254
Almás, river, iii, 251
Alp-Arselan (Arslán), Seljúk Sul-
tán (A.D. 1063-1073), ii,
219 note
Alptigín, founder of the Ghazni-
vid dynasty, i, 20
Altúníya, place, ix, 92
Alwá, Rustam's spear-bearer,
slain by Kámús, 149,
iii, 188
Alwá, Íránian hero, probably
identical with the above,
v, 166
slain by Núsh Ázar, v,
226
Amasis, viii, 193
Amazons, their disputed visit to
Alexander, the Great, vi,
12, 72
origin of, vi, 71
described, vi, 153 seq.
Sikandar's correspondence
with, and visit to, vi, 153
seq.
Ambár (Anbár, Pírúz - Shápúr),
city on the left bank of
the Euphrates some forty
miles west of Baghdád,
founded by Shápúr son of
Urmuzd (Sapor II.) The
word means “ granaries,”
vi, 327; viii, 188
foundation of, attributed to
the Azdites, i, 11
Ambassadors, instances of kings
and chiefs going in person
as ambassadors or spies,
vi, 325
Ambúh, place, iii, 41
Amen-Ra, Egyptian god per-
sonated by Nectanebus,
vi, 16
Ameshapentas, the, personifica-
tions of good qualities in
Zoroastrian theology, iii,
271; v. 15 seq.
Amida (Diyárbakr), city on the
upper Tigris, vii, 187
Amín, 'Abbásid Khalífa, (A.D.
809-813), i, 14
Ammianus Marcellinus (4th cen-
tury A.D.) Roman histor-
ian, v, 13
Ammon, Oasis of, Alexander the
Great's visit to, vi, 30, 65
'Ammúriya, Rúman stronghold
in Asia Minor between
Sívrí Hisár and Ak-Shahr
probably representing the
ancient Amorium but
sometimes confounded
with Angora (Angúriya)
the ancient Ancyra fur-
ther to the north-east, vi,
23 note, 89, viii, 46 (Cf.
LEC. pp. 134, 153)
Failakús marches from,
against Dáráb, vi, 23
Amorium. See 'Ammúriya.
Amr, Arab chief, attacks Hur-
muzd, viii, 93
Ámul, city in Mázandarán, i, 145,
177, 289, 298, 344, 366,
367; ii, 18, 104; v, 284;
vii, 89, 237; viii, 355,
356, 358, 392; ix, 86
Ámul. See Ámwí.
Amulet, of Kai Khusrau, iv, 133
given by Zarduhsht to As-
fandiyár, v, 130
Ámwí (Ámul, Amúyah, now
Charjúi), city on the left
bank of the Oxus where
crossed by the route from
Marv to Bukhárá, iv, 11,
65, 154, 184, 206; vii,
91 and note, 331, 357, 359;
viii, 354
Ánábdéh, vi, 32
Anæsthetics, employment of, i,
236, 321 seq.
Anbár. See Ambár.
Ancyra. See Ammúriya.
Andalús (Land of the West or of
the Vandals), Spain, 159,
vi, 66, 122, 138
queen of (Kaidáfa q.v.), vi,
121 seq.
Andamán, Íránian noble, viii,
202
Andaráb, town in Afghánistán
between Balkh and Kábul,
iv, 65
Andarímán, Túránian hero, 151,
ii, 264; iv, 26; v, 29
fights with Gustaham, iv, 87
steed of, slain by Hajír, iv,
87
rescued by the Turkmans,
iv, 87
chosen to fight with Gurgín,
iv, 97
slain by Gurgín, iv, 104
Andarímán (Vandaremaini),
brother of Arjásp, v, 12,
141, 155
commands one wing of the
host, v, 46
executed by Asfandiyár, v,
158
Andarznámak (Ahdnámak),
Pahlaví treatise, vi, 257
Andív, country, viii, 313
Andiyán, Íránian warrior, 172
viii, 225, 257, 259, 269, 293,
294, 296
deceived by Caesar's talis-
man, viii, 273
Bahrám Chúbína writes to,
viii, 285
receives Kirmán, viii, 313
Andreanticus, sea, vi, 77
Andreas, Alexander the Great's
cook,
legend of, vi, 76 seq.
in Kurán, vi, 77
Androphagoi, the, iii, 191
Anestres Castri=Núshírwán, vii,
383
Angora. See 'Ammúriya.
Angra Mainyu=Áhriman, ii, 28
Animals, domestication of, i, 126
Ant, the, Firdausí's plea for, i,
201 and note
Antákiya (Antioch), city in
Syria on the Orontes, 167,
viii, 41
taken by Núshírwán, vii,
218, 258 seq.
Antigonus (Naitkún), name as-
sumed by Alexander the
Great in legend, vi,
66
Antioch. See Antákiya.
New, vii, 218, 259
Antiochus, Macedonian general,
vi, 76
Antiochus Sidetes, ii, 80, 81
Aogemaide, Pahlaví treatise, iv,
136
Antipater, regent in Macedonia
for Alexander the Great,
intrigued against by
Olympias, vi, 82
Aphrodite, goddess, iv, 315
Apollo, god, and the Python,
vi, 203
Apologues, i, 242, 265, 285;
iii, 332; iv, 18, 21, 28,
47; vi, 310; ix, 86
Apothegms, i, 259, 260; 11, 157,
158, 170, 224, 254, 273,
298, 300, 313, 315, 330,
357, 383; iii, 53, 91, 96,
167, 188, 212, 260, 277,
301, 316, 341, 348, 350,
351; iv, 13, 32, 33, 38,
39, 59, 93, 108, 121, 131,
268; v, 78, 105, 168, 214,
242, 249, 250, 265; vi,
50, 303, 343; vii, 17, 18,
20, 42, 270, 277, 296, 301,
403; viii, 119, 166, 206,
215, 221, 235, 295; ix,
87, 88, 110
Apprentice, a merchant's, enter-
tains, and finds favour
with, Bahrám Gúr, vii,
40 seq.
Apries (Pharoah-Hophra, B.C.
589-570), vi, 16
Apsheron, peninsula on the
western shore of the Cas-
pian, i, 58, note
Áptya. See Abtín.
Arab, Arabs, 162, 163, ii, 79, 81,
99; iii, 14; iv, 14; v,
31; vi, 66, 171, 209, 254,
321 seq., 377, 385, 396,
398, 402, 406; vii, 10,
107, 201, 219, 244, 245,
247; viii, 67, 94, 188, 190,
191, 208, 230, 241, 250,
251; ix, 3, 5, 25, 60, 69,
70, 72, 75 seq., 79, 89, 92,
94 seq., 114, 117
migration of, northward, i,
11
raids of, into Persian terri-
tory, i, 12; vi, 17, 21,
322
domination of, over Írán, i,
12 seq.
king=Mardás, i, 135
=Zahhák, i, 139, 275
rebellion of, against Kai
Káús, ii, 83
Afrásiyáb fights with, for
Írán, ii, 92
Dáráb demands tribute from
vi, 22
steed, i, 243, 251, 290; vi,
380; viii, 126, 302; ix, 11
cymbal, vi, 244
invasion of, viii, 72, 93; ix,
3, 65 seq.
withdraw, viii, 96
sage, sages, vii, 406
quoted, vii, 277
tribes, ix, 65
triumph of, over Dhú Kár,
ix, 66
chieftain, incites Abú Bakr
to invade Persia, ix, 66
concentrate at Kádisíya, ix,
67
booty found by, at Ctesi-
phon (?), ix, 68
annex Mesopotamia, ix, 68
Khúzistán, ix, 68
='Umar, ix, 72
seal, ix, 82
=Sa'ad, ix, 84
defeated, ix, 85
Núshírwán's dream of, viii,
66 seq., ix, 92
Arabia, ii, 100; vi, 70, 72, 206,
322, 355; viii, 24 note
trade of, ancient, i, 11
Írán and, the portion of
Íraj, i, 189
Shápúr son of Urmuzd's
expedition to, vi, 322
Arabian, Arabians, vi, 378, 388,
ix, 74, 85
Faith, vi, 95
Nights, i, 51; vi, 71, 78, 250;
vii, 317
provenance of, vi, 250;
vii, 3
quoted, vi, 73
Arabic, language, i, 32; vi,
147, 205; viii, 73; ix,
81
infrequent in Sháhnáma, i,
47
versions of Pahlaví texts, vi,
255 seq.
Fables of Bidpai (Kalíla and
Dimna) translated into,
vii, 382, 430
Tabarí. See Tabarí.
Arachosia, the district about
Kandahar, vi, 32
Aragán (Rámkubád), town, vii,
188
Aral Sea, i, 57 note; iii, 10
Arar tree, vi, 19
Aras (Araxes), river in Ázar-
báiján, v, 13, 14
confused with the Oxus, i,
71, 370
Árash, king of the Khúzians
q.v., iv, 146, 148
Árash, son of Kai Kubád. See
Kai Árash.
Árash, Ashkánian king, vi, 197,
210
Árash, Íránian chief, vi, 394
Arash, city. See Hulwán.
Arastálís (Aristotle q.v.), 160,
vi, 35
counsels Sikandar, vi, 179
sentences of, over the coffin
of Sikandar, vi, 185
Árásti, uncle of Zarduhsht (Zor-
oaster), v, 17
Araxes (Aras q.v.), battle of, viii,
76
Árayish-i-Rúm (Hierapolis), city
in northern Syria, west
of the Euphrates and
north of Aleppo, vii, 217,
218, 254; viii, 188
taken by Núshírwán, vii,
255
Arba, river, viii, 194, 195
Archer, iv, 179
constellation, v, 86
Archery, i, 263, 297, 312, 359;
ii, 163, 266, 293, 328;
iii, 53 seq., 74, 93, 98 seq.,
179 seq., 246; iv, 38, 48,
99, 101, 102, 104, 107, 122,
179, 338; v, 111, 122,
229, 239 seq., 272; vi,
379, 383 seq.; vii, 54,
55, 80, 118, 122, 125
Archimages, 141, 168, 170, 176
Architect, Rúman, and Khusrau
Parwíz, viii, 401 seq.
Architecture, invention of, i,
129, 133
Archscribe, 171. See Ízid Gas-
hasp and Mihrán.
Ard, day, i, 88, q.v., ii, 287; iv,
252; vi, 298, 390 and
note; vii, 112; ix, 70,
122
Sháhnáma finished on the
day of, i, 24
Ardabíl (Bádán - Pírúz q.v.), city
in Ázarbáiján, ii, 336, 405,
iv, 147, 188; vii, 89, 163,
224; viii, 93, 99, 100,
184, 226
Ardawán, Bahrám, Artabanus
III or IV, the last Ash-
kánian (Parthian) king,
160, 161, vi, 3, 205, 214
seq., 254 seq., viii, 214, 285
Macrinus, his war and treaty
with, i, 81
effect of, on Persian coin-
age, i, 81
=Bahrám, vi, 197, 210
status of, in Persian tradi-
tion, vi, 201
Ardawán, daughter of 161, vi,
202
marries Ardshír Pápakán,
vi, 202, 229
incited by her brother
Bahman to poison Ard-
shír Pápakán, vi, 259
condemned to death, vi,
260
saved by Ardshír Pápa-
kán's minister, vi, 260
gives birth to Shápúr, vi,
261
restored to favour, vi,
265
writes to Pápak, vi, 214
summons Ardshír Pápakán
to court, vi, 214
receives gifts from Ardshír
Pápakán, vi, 215
highly esteems Ardshír
Pápakán, vi, 215
sons of, vi, 215, 255, 267
note
their fate, vi, 228, 229 and
note, 259
disgraces Ardshír Pápakán,
vi, 216
Ardshír Pápakán intrigues
with slave-girl of, 160, vi,
201, 217 seq.
eldest son of, made ruler of
Párs, vi, 218 and note
consults the astrologers, vi,
218
Ardshír Pápakán, vainly
pursued by, vi, 221 seq.
returns to Rai, vi, 223
writes to his son about
Ardshír Pápakán, vi, 223
Ardshír Pápakán marches
against, vi, 227
prepares to encounter Ard-
shír Pápakán, vi, 227
defeated, captured by Khar-
rád, and slain by Ardshír
Pápakán, vi, 228
buried by Tabák, vi, 229
palace of, at Rai spared (?)
by Ardshír Pápakán, vi,
229 and note
Ardawán, secretary of, slain by
Shápúr, vi, 256
= Mihrak = Mithrak =
Mádik (?), vi, 256
Ardíbihisht, ameshaspenta q.v.,
iii, 286, 328
month, i, 82; v, 16, 39,
92 note
Ardshír, son of Bízhan,
goes with Zarír to Rúm, iv,
360
hails Gushtásp as Sháh, iv,
362
Ardshír, son of Gushtásp, 155, v,
26, 51
death of, foretold by Jám-
ásp, v, 49
slain, v, 57
Ardshír, Íránian hero, perhaps
the son of Bízhan, supra
tells Nastúr where to find
Zarír, v, 67
takes Farámarz prisoner, v,
288
Ardshír (Bahman q.v.), Sháh, vi,
213, 271 and note
meaning of, v, 259 and note
Ardshír (Artaxerxes II), brother
of Shápúr, Sásánian Sháh,
163, vi, 3, 328
Shápúr arranges for the suc-
cession with, vi, 360 seq.
title of, vi, 364
abdïcation of, vi, 364
Ardshír, high priest temp.,
Pírúz, vii, 179 seq.
released by Khúshnawáz,
vii, 180
Ardshír, high priest temp.
Núshírwán, vii, 304, 333,
337, 342
discourse of, vii, 305
questions Búzurjmihr, vii,
308
Ardshír Khurra (Khurra-i-Ard-
shír), city, (Gúr or Júr,
now Fírúzábád), and dis-
trict in Párs, vi, 199, 205,
206, 229 and note, 231,
241, 245; vii, 206; viii,
251, 252, 412 and note
Ardshír Khurra, city, Ardshír
Pápakán builds a Fire-
temple in, vi, 230
makes irrigation-works in,
vi, 230
meaning of, vi, 290 note
Ardshír Pápakán (Artaxerxes I),
Sháh and founder of the
Sásánian dynasty, 160,
161; i, 42; ii, 10; v, 10;
vi, 193, 209 note, 213 seq.,
294 seq., 303, 307, 315,
322, 325, 405; vii, 79,
185, 212; viii, 191, 214,
222, 265, 270, 285, 392,
393; ix, 105, 109, 111
Notes on, vi, 193 seq., 254
seq.
founds a new national
dynasty, restores Zoroas-
trianism, and collects its
scriptures, i, 62 seq.
genealogical table of his
descendants, vi, 3
rise of, compared to that of
Cyrus the Great, vi, 194
Tabarí's account of, vi, 198
legend of Cyrus the Great
transferred to, vi, 195
birth of, vi, 213
summoned to court by Arda-
wán, vi, 214
equipped by Pápak, vi, 214
presents gifts to Ardawán,
vi, 215
Ardawán favours, vi, 215
prowess of, in the chase, vi,
215
disgraced, vi, 216
writes to Pápak, vi, 216
advised by Pápak, vi, 216
intrigues with Gulnár, vi,
217 seq.
hears from Gulnár of the
presage of the astrologers,
vi, 219
flees with Gulnár to Párs,
vi, 220 seq.
followed by the divine Grace
in the form of a mountain-
sheep, i, 374; vi, 221 seq.
Ardshír Pápakán, adherents flock
to, vi, 223
addresses his supporters, vi,
224
founds a city, vi, 202, 224
receives promises of help,
vi, 224
joined by Tabák, vi, 225
Tabák and, defeat Bah-
man, son of Ardawán, vi,
226
marches from Párs against
Ardawán, vi, 227
defeats and slays Ardawán,
vi, 228
as recorded in Kárnámak,
vi, 202
gives the spoil to the troops,
vi, 229
spares (?) Ardawán's palace
at Rai, vi, 229 and note
Tabák counsels, vi, 229
marriage of, with Ardawán's
daughter, vi, 202, 229, 259
returns to Párs, vi, 229
builds Khurra-i-Ardshír, vi,
229 and note
irrigation-works of, at
Khurra-i-Ardshír, vi, 230
war of, with the Kurds, vi,
196, 230 seq.
and Haftwád,vi, 236 seq.
message sent by arrow to,
vi, 238
worsted by Haftwád and
entertained and coun-
selled by two youths, vi,
239 seq.
slays Mihrak, vi, 241
marches to attack the Worm
vi, 241
gives instructions to Shahr-
gír, vi, 241
stratagem of, against the
Worm, vi, 242
slays the Worm and its
attendants, vi, 244
summons Shahrgír, vi, 244
and note
takes Haftwád's stronghold,
vi, 244
Ardshír Pápakán, defeats and
slays Haftwád and Sháh-
wí, vi, 245
carries off the spoil, vi, 245
builds a Fire-temple, vi, 245
rewards the two youths, vi,
245
invasion of Kirmán by, vi,
205, 245
goes to Taisafún, vi, 245
principles of government of,
vi, 250, 273 seq., 286 seq.
Reign of, 161, vi, 254 seq.
Note on, vi, 254
length of, vi, 254
Tabarí on, vi, 254
coins of, vi, 256, 257, 265
Shápúr crowned by, vi, 257
cities of, vi, 257
prophecy of, vi, 257
enthroned at Baghdád, vi,
258
title of King of kings of, vi,
193, 199, 254, 258, 273
inaugural address of, vi, 258
daughter of Ardawán and,
stories of, vi, 255
plot of, with her brother
Bahman, to poison, vi,
259
discovers plot against him,
vi, 260
consults his minister, vi, 260
condemns the daughter of
Ardawán to death, vi, 260
minister of, saves daughter
of Ardawán and mutilates
himself, vi, 196, 261
Shápúr, son of, born, vi, 261
hears about Shápúr from his
minister, vi, 262
recognises and acknow-
ledges Shápúr, vi, 264
restores the daughter of
Ardawán to favour, vi, 265
rewards his minister, vi, 265
makes a new coinage in
honour of his minister, vi,
256, 265
builds Jund-i-Shápúr, vi,
266
Ardshír Pápakán, harassed by
wars, consults Kaid, vi,
266
wroth at Kaid's advice, vi,
267
seeks in vain for the daugh-
ter of Mihrak, vi, 268
referred to, vi, 270
discovers Urmuzd, vi, 271
counsels Urmuzd, vi, 280
calls and counsels Shápúr,
vi, 286 seq.
Church and State, his views
on, vi, 250 seq., 286
duration of his dynasty, vi,
252, 257, 289
death of, vi, 291
Balúchistán, his failure to
conquer, vii, 242
Nard, invention of, attri-
buted to, vii, 382
True Cross in treasury of,
viii, 380
Ardshír, son of Shirwí, Sháh,
175, ix, 43 seq.
makes Pírúz general, ix, 44
entertains Pírúz at feast, ix,
48
death of, ix, 49
treasury of, squandered by
Guráz, ix, 53
Aregat-aspa. See Arjásp.
Aries, constellation, i, 88, 118,
310, 335; iii, 26, 38, 187,
318; iv, 24, 147, 158, 180;
v, 39, 109, 118, 119, 126;
viii, 342, 394
Ariobarzanes, the murderer of
Darius Codomanus, vi, 32
Ariobarzanes, satrap, vi, 32 and
note
Árish, legendary Íránian archer,
v, 62; vii, 234 and note;
viii, 75, 219 and note; ix,
25
Aristobulus, Greek writer, temp.
Alexander the Great, vi,
12
Aristotle (Arastálís q.v.), Greek
philosopher (B.C. 384-
322)
Aristotle, Alexander the Great's
tutor, vi, 29
letter to, vi, 68
correspondence with,
about the succession, vi,
81, 83
silk-worm, his account of,
vi, 204
Arjásp, Túránian hero, ii, 264;
iv, 26
Arjásp (Aregat-aspa), king of
Túrán, 155, 156, i, 61;
ii, 9, 29; iii, 109; v, 9,
11 seq., 20, 22, 24 seq., 29,
31, 51 seq., 89, 98, 99, 107
seq., 116, 141, 142, 159,
167, 171, 172, 180, 206;
vii, 330, 335, 337, 359;
viii, 95, 104, 148; ix, 104
hoard of, viii, 148
in receipt of tribute from
Gushtásp, v, 32
hears of Gushtásp's resolve
not to pay tribute, sum-
mons, and harangues his
priests, v, 36
sends Bídirafsh and Nám-
khást to Gushtásp, v, 37,
40
receives Gushtásp's answer
and calls out the host, v,
45
gives one wing to Kuhram,
v, 46
the other to Andarímán,
v, 46
the chief command to
Gurgsár, v, 46
banner to Bídirafsh, v, 46
vanguard to Khashásh, v,
46
rear to Húshdív, v, 46
marches against Írán, v, 46
defeat of, foretold by Jám-
ásp, v, 52
gives one wing to Bídirafsh,
v, 55
the other to Gurgsár, v,
56
centre to Námkhást, v, 56
takes the rear himself, v, 56
Arjásp, gives Kuhram the com-
mand in chief, v, 56
thrice offers rewards to any
that will fight Zarír, v, 61,
62
offer of, accepted by Bídi-
rafsh, v, 62
calls for Bídirafsh to fight
Nastúr, v, 69
fights with the Íránians, v,
71
defeat of, v, 72
proclaimed by Gushtásp,
v, 75
hears of Asfandiyár's im-
prisonment and of Gush-
tásp's absence in Sístán,
v, 86
Summons his chiefs, v, 86
sends Sitúh as spy to Írán,
v, 86
on receiving Sitúh's report
calls out the host, v, 87
sends Kuhram to attack
Balkh, v, 90
marches against Gushtásp,
v, 94
commands the centre, v,
95
defeats Gushtásp and be-
leaguers him on a moun-
tain, v, 96
Asfandiyár's vow of, and
prayer for, vengeance on,
v, 103, 104
hears of Asfandiyár's arrival,
v. 108
proposes to retreat, v, 108
sends away the spoil of
Balkh, v, 108
five sons of, v, 108
persuaded by Gurgsár to re-
main and fight, v, 108, 109
makes Gurgsár leader of the
host, v, 109
arrays the host, v, 109
commands the centre, v, 109
surveys the battlefield from
a height, v, 110
prepares for flight if needful,
v, 110
Arjásp, dismayed at Asfandi-
yár's prowess, reproaches
Gurgsár v, 111
hears of Gurgsár's capture
and flees, v, 112
entertains Asfandiyár dis-
guised as a merchant, v,
145
questions Asfandiyár, v, 146
allows Asfandiyár to enter-
tain the Turkman chiefs,
v, 149
prepares to attack Bishútan,
v, 151
bids Kuhram prepare for
war, v, 151
sends out Turkhán with
troops to reconnoitre, v,
151
hears from Kuhram that As-
fandiyár has come, v, 152
bids the Turkmans march
out in force, v, 152
palace of, attacked by As-
fandiyár, v, 153
arms and encounters As-
fandiyár, v, 153, 154
beheaded by Asfandiyár, v,
154
palace of, fired and his wo-
men carried off by Asfan-
diyár, v, 154, 162,
head of, thrown from the
ramparts of the Brazen
Hold, v, 157
sons of, grieve for, v, 157
Asfandiyár takes the trea-
sure of, v, 161
Khán of Chín descended
from, vii, 334
Arjuna, one of the five Pán-
davas (Indian mythology)
iv, 138, 139
Ark, 158
Arman, Armenia or district in
Ázarbáiján, vii, 263
Armaní, Íránian chief, ix, 74
Armenia (Arman, Irmán q.v.),
country, iii, 12; vi, 202,
203; vii, 153, 224; viii,
93, 96, 184, 193, 202, 377
Armenia, Roman, vii, 187
Armenian, Armenians (Irmán-
ians), iii, 286; viii, 188,
189, 195, 226, 248, 282
version of the Pseudo-Cal-
listhenes, vi, 14
—like, viii; 254
=Mausíl, viii, 293 and note
Armín, son of Kai Kubád. See
Kai Armín.
Arnawáz, sister of Jamshíd, wife
of Zahhák and Farídún,
and mother of Íraj, i, 142
married to Zahhák, i, 146
seq.
counsels Zahhák as to his
dream, i, 148
Farídún meets, i, 162
Zahhák tries to kill, i, 167
son of, by Farídún, i, 177
Arnold, Mathew, his “Sohrab
and Rustum,” ii, 118
Arrán, the modern Karabagh,
the region between the
Kur and Aras rivers, i, 9
Arrian, Greek historian (A.D.
96-180), vi, 31, 68
Anabasis of, vi, 12
Indica of, vi, 12
Caspian Gates of, vi, 32
on the stature of Porus, vi,
64
Ichthyophagi, vi, 69 seq.
Alexander and the
Amazons, vi, 72
death of Alexander, vi, 82
Arrow-shots, three famous, viii,
75
Bahrám Chúbína's, viii, 126
Arsaces, name of the founder and
other kings of the Parth-
ian (Ashkánian) dynasty,
vi, 197
Arsacid, Arsacids, dynastic title
of the above, iii, 9; vi,
205, 255; vii, 156, 185,
212
imperial system of, vi, 198
some of, escape from Ard-
shír Pápakán to Armenia,
vi, 203
Arsacid, rivalry of, with Sásá-
nians, viii, 73
Arsalás, murderer of Darius
Codomanus, vi, 32
Arses, Sháh (B.C. 338-336) vi, 29
Arslán Jázib, one of Mahmúd's
generals, i, 100
referred to, i, 114
Artabanus III (II according to
some reckonings), Parth-
ian king (A.D. 10-40), iii,
9, 10
Artabanus, son of above, iii, 9
Artabanus, Persian captain of
the guard temp. Xerxes,
v, 282
Rustam and, v, 282
Artabanus III or IV (Ardawán
q.v.), vi, 201
Artang, the house of the heresi-
arch Mání, ii, 19 and note;
vii, 355 and note; viii,
172 and note, 362 and note
Artaxerxes Longimanus, Sháh,
v, 281, 282
Bahman and, v, 282
Artaxerxes Mnemon, Sháh, i, 59
Artaxerxes Ochus, Sháh (B.C.
359-338), vi, 18 note, 29
Nectanebus II conquered
by vi, 29
murdered, vi, 29
Artaxerxes I, Sásánian Sháh.
See Ardshír Pápakán.
Artaxerxes II (Ardshír brother
of Shápúr), Sásánian
Sháh, vi, 363
Arts, invention of the. See
Gaiúmart, Húshang,
Tahmúras, and Jamshíd.
Arús, treasure, viii, 406 and
note, ix, 20
Arwand (Dijla, Tigris), ii, 392,
404; vi, 329; viii, 90;
ix, 85, 92
Farídún's crossing of the, i,
160
Arzhang, a dív and commander
of the troops of Mázan-
darán, 143; ii, 43, 44, 56
seq., 63, 64; v, 203
Arzhang, put in charge of Kai
Káús and his troops when
taken prisoners, ii, 41
slain by Rustam, ii, 57
Arzhang, dungeon of, iii, 309
Arzhang, Túránian hero, 148,
iii, 76, 77
challenges the Íránians, iii,
119
slain, iii, 120
Arzhang, Máni the heresiarch's
house. See Artang.
Aryan, Aryans, race, iii, 10 and
note, iv, 137
race, i, 7
early seats of, i, 7
meaning of, i, 7
organization of, i, 7
primitive religion of, i, 7
belief in magic of, i, 8
division of, i, 8
India and Írán conquered
by, i, 8
Indian, their relations with
the Íránians, i, 15
Árzú, daughter of Sarv and wife
of Salm, i, 188 and note
referred to, i, 178 seq.
Árzú, daughter of Máhiyár the
jeweller, vii, 59, 61
referred to, vii, 55, 56, 58
sings to Bahrám Gúr, vii, 60
Bahrám Gúr woos and weds,
vii, 61 seq.
meaning of, vii, 65 note
Ascalon, city in Palestine, v, 292
Asclepias acida, plant. See
Homa.
Asfandiyár (Spento-data, Span-
dát), mythical Íránian
hero, son of Sháh Gush-
tásp, and the rival in
legend of Rustam, 155-
157, i, 42, 55; ii, 29; v,
9, 10, 12, 24 seq., 29, 30,
41 seq., 45, 49, 69 seq.,
90 seq., 258, 259, 261,
279, 281 seq., 289, 290,
293; vi, 15, 49, 55,
200, 213, 224, 242, 251,
271; viii, 95, 104 and
note, 171, 270, 332, 395
note; ix, 25, 26 note, 104
invulnerability of, v, 19
sisters of, 156, v, 20, 22
carried off by the Turk-
mans, v, 93, 100, 171
rescued by, v, 153, 162
lament over, v, 252 seq.
marriage of, with Humái,
v, 22, 77
ignored by Firdausí, v, 22
birth of, v, 32
answers, in conjunction with
Zarír and Jámásp, Ar-
jásp's letter, v, 42
triumph of, over Arjásp
foretold by Jámásp, v, 52
given command of one wing,
v, 55
addresses his five brothers,
v, 65
hears his father's offer of
the crown and throne to
the avenger of Zarír, v, 66
slays Bídirafsh, v, 70
presents the head of Bídira-
fsh and the steed of Zarír
to Gushtásp, v, 71
divides the host, v, 71
attacks, with Nastúr and
Núsh Ázar, the Turkmans,
v, 71
grants quarter to the Turk-
mans, v, 72
made chief ruler of Írán
under Gushtásp and sent
by him to convert the
world, v, 76
rests from his labours, v, 77
makes Farshídward gover-
nor of Khurásán, v, 77
reports the success of his
administration to Gush-
tásp, v, 77
slandered by Gurazm, v, 78
recalled to court, v, 80 seq.
sons of, 157, v, 80, 81
resigns his host to Bahman,
v, 82
arraigned by Gushtásp, v, 83
Asfandiyár, put in bonds, v.
84
sent to Gumbadán, v, 84
solaced by Bahman and
others, v, 85
Jámásp advises Gushtásp
to release, v, 97
hears of arrival of Jámásp,
v, 98, 99
parley of, with Jámásp, v,
99 seq.
eight and thirty brothers
of, v, 101, 103, 111, 160
bids Jámásp send for black-
smiths, v, 101
breaks his bonds himself, v,
102, 206
calls for his steed and arms,
v, 102
sets off with Jámásp, Bah-
man, and Núsh Ázar, v,
103
vow of, v, 103
laments over Farshídward,
v, 104
prays that he may avenge
Farshídward on Arjásp, v,
104
shrouds Farshídward, v, 105
sees and addresses the corpse
of Gurazm, v, 105
passes the Turkman trenches
and defeats the outposts,
v, 106
interview of, with Gush-
tásp, v, 106
receives the promise of the
crown and undertakes to
deliver Gushtásp, v, 107
arrays and leads the host,
v, 109
attacks the Turkmans, v,
110
defeats Kuhram, v, 110
takes Gurgsár prisoner, v.
111
defeats Arjásp, v, 112, 206
grants quarter to the Turk-
mans, v, 113
distributes the spoil, v,
114
Asfandiyár, undertakes to rescue
his sisters from the Turk-
mans, v, 115
prepares to invade Túrán,
v, 115
Seven Stages (Haft Khwán)
of, ii, 29; v, 27, 118, 119,
121, 135, 162; viii, 171
Story of, 156, v, 116 seq.
compared with Rustam's,
v, 117
rivalry in legend between
Rustam and, v, 116
quits Balkh and goes, with
Gurgsár as guide, to
Túrán, v, 120
offers the kingdom of the
Turkmans to Gurgsár in
return for faithful service,
v, 120
questions Gurgsár, v, 120
seq., 124, 125, 128, 131,
134, 139, 141
during his adventures in
the Seven Stages, leaves
Bishútan in command, v,
122, 124, 126, 129, 132
note, 144
praised by bishútan and the
host, v, 123, 125, 131, 133
scythed chariot made by,
v, 126
revived by Bishútan after
encountering the dragon,
v, 127
song of, v, 129
amulet given to, by Zar-
duhsht, v, 130
encourages the Íránians to
persevere, v, 136
prays for deliverance from
the snow, v, 138
leaves the baggage behind,
v, 138
reproaches Gurgsár for giv-
ing false information, v,
139, 140
offers to make Gurgsár
captain of the Brazen
Hold if he will be a trusty
guide, v, 140
Asfandiyár, guided by Gurgsár
crosses ford with host,
v, 140
cursed by Gurgsár, v, 141
slays Gurgsár, v, 141
surveys the Brazen Hold, v,
142
captures, questions, and
slays two Turkmans, v,
142
Bishútan and, consult, v,
143
stratagem of, to take the
Brazen Hold, v, 116, 143
disguised as a merchant,
interviews Arjásp, v, 145
assumes the name of Khar-
rád, v, 146
questioned by Arjásp, v, 146
trades as a merchant in the
Brazen Hold, v, 147
meets his sisters, v, 147
gives a banquet to the Turk-
man chiefs, v, 149
surprises the Brazen Hold,
v, 152 seq.
provides for his sisters'
safety, v, 153
attacks the palace of Arjásp,
v, 153
encounters Arjásp, v, 154
beheads Arjásp, v, 154
fires Arjásp's palace, v, 154
carries off the women, v,
154
quits the Brazen Hold and
leaves Sáwa in charge, v,
154
joins Bishútan, v, 155
pursues Kuhram to the
Brazen Hold, v, 156
encounters and takes Kuh-
ram prisoner, v, 157
grants no quarter to the
Turkmans, v, 158
puts to death Andarímán
and Kuhram, v, 158
announces his victory to
Gushtásp, v, 159
disposes of the spoil, v,
161
Asfandiyár, carries off his sisters,
the womenfolk of Arjásp,
and others from the
Brazen Hold, v, 162
sets fire to, and dismantles,
the Brazen Hold, v, 162
sends his sons homeward by
different routes, v, 162
returns himself by the Seven
Stages, v, 162
picks up his left baggage,
v, 162
hunts while waiting for his
sons, v, 162
rejoined by his sons, v, 163
welcome of, on his return
to Írán, v, 163
banquets with Gushtásp, v,
164
fight of, with Rustam,
Story of, 156
recited by Nadr, son of
Hárith, at Mecca, v, 166
complains to his mother of
Gushtásp's treatment of
him, v, 167
counselled by his mother,
v, 168, 175
fate of, foretold by Jámásp,
v, 169
recounts his deeds before
Gushtásp, v, 170
promised the throne by
Gushtásp when he has
brought Rustam and his
kin in bonds to court, v,
173, 174
meets with an ill omen on
starting for Zábulistán, v,
177
consults with Bishútan, v,
178
sends Bahman on an em-
bassage, v, 179 seq.
message of, to Rustam, v,
179
receives Rustam's answer
from, and is wroth with,
Bahman, v, 191
converses of Rustam with
Bishútan, v, 192
Asfandíyár, goes attended to
meet Rustam, v, 192
parleys with Rustam, v,
192 seq.
declines Rustam's invita-
tion to visit him, v, 193
invites Rustam to a feast,
v, 195
repents of having invited
Rustam, v, 196
counselled by Bishútan to
keep on friendly terms
with Rustam, v, 196, 217
does not summon Rustam
to the feast, v, 197
wrangles with Rustam, v.
198 seq.
does not assign Rustam his
proper seat at the feast,
v, 200
remonstrated with by Rus-
tam, v, 200
bids Bahman resign his own
seat to Rustam, v, 200
vilifies Zál and Rustam, v,
201
recounts his lineage, v, 205
his exploits, v, 205
his capture of a hill-fort,
v, 206
tries a handgrip with Rus-
tam, v, 208
challenges Rustam, v, 209
astonished at Rustam's
prowess at the board, v,
210
declines Rustam's overtures,
v. 211 seq.
calls Zábulistán “Babble-
stead,” v, 216
parodies Rustam's address
to royal tent-enclosure,
v, 216
arms for fight with Rustam,
v, 223
refuses Rustam's sugges-
tion of a general engage-
ment, v, 224
informed by Bahman of the
slaying of Núsh Ázar and
Mihr-i-Núsh, v, 227
Asfandiyár, enraged with Rus-
tam, v, 228
wounds Rustam and
Rakhsh, v, 229
jeers at Rustam v, 229
calls upon Rustam to sur-
render, v, 230
returns to camp, laments
for Núsh Ázar and Mihr-i-
Núsh, and sends their
corpses to Gushtásp with
a message, v, 232
converses with Bishútan of
the fight with Rustam, v,
232, 240
Símurgh instructs Rustam
how to overcome, v, 237
seq.
branch of tamarisk fatal to,
v, 239 and note
summoned by Rustam to
fight and becomes des-
pondent, v, 240
Rustam's final effort for
peace with, v. 241 seq.
Bahman and Bishútan hear
of the overthrow of, v, 244
address of, to Bishútan, v,
245
Rustam bewails, v, 246
confides Bahman to Rustam,
v, 248
foretells evil for Rustam, v,
248
gives his last charge to
Bishútan, v, 249
death of, v, 250
Rustam laments over, v, 250
corpse of, sent to Gushtásp
by Rustam, v, 251
funeral procession of, con-
ducted by Bishútan, v,
251
lamentations over, v, 252
seq.
corpse of, displayed by
Bishútan, v, 253
Rustam writes to Gushtásp
to excuse himself in the
matter of, v, 256
Xerxes and, v, 282
Asfandiyár, Bahman on the ven-
geance due for, v, 283
referred to, v, 288
Asfandiyár-náma (Spand-dát-
náma), v, 26, 27
Ashemaogha, vii, 188
Ashi Vanguhi, the genius of
piety, iv, 137
Ashk, presumed founder of the
Ashkánian (Parthian)
dynasty, vi, 197, 210
meaning of, vi, 197
Ashkabús, Túránian hero, 148,
iii, 183, 186, 207, 268
challenges the Íránians, iii,
179
Ruhhám worsted by, iii, 179
Rustam's fight with, iii, 109,
179 seq.
referred to, viii, 75
parleys with Rustam, iii, 180
slain by Rustam, iii, 181
Ashkánian, Ashkánians, race and
dynasty, i, 49; iii, 9, 11;
v, 10, 282; vi, 196, 209;
viii, 214
duration of rule, vi, 193
times, Firdausí's lack of
materials for, vi, 193
surviving traditions of,
transferred to other
dynasties, vi, 194
importance of, vi, 194
genealogy, vi, 197
Ashkash, Íránian hero, iii, 33, 34,
89, 347, 350, 352; iv, 13,
57, 61, 65
Rustam and, go to rescue
Bízhan, iii, 334
conveys baggage toward
Írán, iii, 346
Kai Khusrau sends, to
Khárazm, iv, 15
Shída defeated by, iv, 60, 72
troops of, recalled, iv, 145
sent with a host to Zam, iv,
157
pillage of Makrán by,
stopped by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 243
Ashkash, appointed governor of
Makrán, iv, 244
Kai Khusrau welcomed by,
on his return from Gang-
dizh, iv, 251
Ashtád, Íránian chief, ix, 11 seq.
chosen to visit Khusrau
Parwíz at Taisafún, ix, 9
and Kharrád parley with
Galínúsh, ix, 11
visit Khusrau Parwíz, ix,
12
report to Shírwí, ix, 27
Asia, iv, 315, v, 293, viii, 187
Minor, vi, 30; viii, 193, 194
Central, vi, 73
Asmodeus, demon, iii, 272
Asoka, Indian king (B.C. 264-
228-7), i, 15
Asp, as Persian termination, ii, 9
Ássurbanipal, Assyrian king, and
Khusrau Parwíz, reigns
of compared, viii, 193
Assyria, v, 292
Assyrians, i, 10
invasions of Írán by, i, 10
Astawadh. See Haftwád.
Astivihád, demon, iv, 137
Astroiabe, i, 104, 188, 310 note;
ii, 215, 273; iv, 158, 297;
vi, 376; vii, 353; ix, 73
Astrologer, Astrologers, Astro-
logy, i, 104, 188, 255, 310
and note; ii, 233, 284,
409; iv, 27, 158, 159, 279,
284, 334, 335; v, 48, 168
seq., 263; vi, 108, 109,
114, 132, 195, 198, 201,
218, 227, 377; ix, 73
importance of, in Sháh-
námá, i, 52
consulted by Farídún, i, 194
Minúchihr i, 251, 307
Zál i, 255
Sám i, 278
Kai Káús ii, 103, 215, 217
Afrásiyáb, ii, 273; iv, 158
Siyáwush, ii, 282
Rustam, iii, 219
Kai Khusrau, iv, 158
Húmán, v, 310
Astrologer, consulted by Sikan-
dar, vi, 180
Ardawán, vi, 218
Yazdagird, son of Shápúr,
vi, 375 seq., 390
Bahrám Gúr, vii, 144, 145
Khán of Chín, vii, 353
Talhand, vii, 408, 413, 418
Khusrau Parwíz, viii, 372
Astyages (Istuvegu), king of the
Medes (Manda q.v., B.C.
584-550)
conquered by Cyrus, i, 18;
vi, 194
identified by Armenian his-
torians with Zahhák, i, 72,
144
Mandane and, legend of, ii,
190
Afrásiyáb and, in legend, ii,
191
Asura. See Ahúra.
Atbara, tributary of the Nile, vi,
65
Athenaeus, Greek writer (2nd-3rd
centuries A.D.), iv, 316
Deipnosophistae of, ii, 10
quoted, iv, 314
Athens, schools of, closed by
Justinian, vii, 280
Áthravans, priests of the Cult of
Fire, i, 56
Áthwya. See Abtín.
Atkinson, James, on the Sháh-
náma, vi, 250
Atossa, wife of Cambyses and
Darius Hystaspis, v, 11
=Hutaosa, wife of Gush-
tásp (?), v, 11
Atropatene (Ázarbáiján q.v.), i,
9, 61
primitive seat of Fire-wor-
ship, i, 56
sub-kingdom in Parthian
times, vi, 198
Attock, town on the Indus in
northern India, vi, 52
Aurand, father of Sháh Luhrásp,
v, 205
Aurvat-aspa (Luhrásp q.v.), iv,
316; v, 11
Autumnal equinox, iv, 313
Kai Luhrásp crowned at, iv,
313
Avars, Caucasian tribe, viii, 194
Avasta. See Zandavasta.
Avidius Cassius, Roman general,
vi, 291 note
Áwa, Íránian hero, iv, 149
Áwáza, stronghold, 170, viii, 134,
138
Axumite, Ethiopian, dynasty,
viii, 24 note
Áyás, region, v, 61, 74, 107
Áyín Gashasp (Yazdánbakhsh),
Íránian noble, 171, viii,
75, 150 note, 222
Hurmuzd consults, viii, 174,
177
and the prisoner, story of,
viii, 177 seq.
marches to Hamadán, viii,
178
consults a seer, viii, 178
murdered, viii, 181
avenged by Bahrám Chú-
bína, viii, 181
troops of, disperse, viii, 181
Ázád Sarv, Firdausí's authority
for the Story of Rustam
and Shaghád, v, 260 seq.
Ázád Sarv, archmage and agent
of Núshírwán, v, 261, vii,
283 and note
goes to Marv, vii, 283
discovers Búzurjmihr, vii,
283
returns with Búzurjmihr to
court, vii, 283
Ázáda, Rúman slave-girl, vi, 382
goes hunting with Bahrám
Gúr, vi, 382
tries to shame Bahrám Gúr
in his markmanship, vi,
383
slain by Bahrám Gúr, vi,
384 and note
Ázar (Ázarbáiján q.v.), ii, 195
Ázar, genius, iii, 287, 328
Ázar (Ádar), month and day, i,
88, 89; vi, 411; viii,
244, 421; ix, 17
Ázar Ábádagán (Ázarakhsh,
Ázargashasp q.v.), Fire-
temple at Shíz (Takht-i-
Sulaimán) near the south-
eastern border of Ázar-
báiján, not at Tabríz with
which the place has been
wrongly identified (NT,
p. 100, note), 172, IV,
259; vii, 86, 224, 362;
viii, 282; ix, 74
importance of, i, 61
visited by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 20
Kai Khusrau and Kai Káús
go on a pilgrimage to, iv,
258
Khátún, wife of Khán, sent
to serve at, vii, 5
Bahrám Gúr visits, vii, 86,
94
Núshírwán visits, vii, 250,
363
Ázar Afrúz, third son of Asfan-
diyár, v, 81
Ázarakhsh (Ázargashasp, Ázar
Ábádagán q.v.), Fire-
temple, i, 61
importance of, i, 61
Ázarbáiján (Atropatene q.v.),
province in north-western
Persia, i, 9, 61; ii, 336;
iv, 136; v, 16; vi, 198,
203; vii, 160, 214
meaning of, i, 56
Ázargashasp, spirit of the light-
ning, i, 73, 248, 309, 349;
ii, 57, 294, 345; iii, 23, 53,
72, 92, 97, 114, 194, 276,
327; iv, 84, 100, 147,
175, 275, 307, 360; vi,
381; vii, 21, 79, 232;
viii, 46, 122, 152, 176,
245, 256, 415
temple of (Ázar Ábádagán
q.v.), iv, 136, 258, 259;
vii, 89, 250, 317, 365;
viii, 68, 184, 210 and note
visited by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 20
Ázargashasp, temple of, Kai
Khusrau and Kai Káús
go on a pilgrimage to,
iv, 258
referred to, iv, 264
=Gushasp q.v., vi, 212
and note
Bahrám Gúr visits, vii,
86, 139
high priest of, converts
Sapínúd to Zoroastrian-
ism, vii, 139
Núshírwán visits, vii, 250,
363
Khusrau Parwíz visits,
viii, 283, 307, 312
Ázargashasp, Íránian warrior,
viii, 296
Ázar Makán, father of Farrukh-
zád, viii, 408
Ázarmdukht, Sháh, 175, v, 294;
ix, 56, 59, 69
reproaches Kubád, ix, 7
end of, ix, 59, 60
Ázarnarsí, son of Hurmuzd son
of Narsí, vi, 318
Azdites, Arab tribe, i, 11
Azhi, Azi (Daháka, Zahhák q.v.),
i, 142; ii, 81