In courage and hardihood the Sultán took pre­cedence of all his contemporaries, and in the management of a horse and the use of the spear in the world he had no equal, as will appear after an attentive perusal of this work. He was fond of introducing novelty and invention in all matters, (and in all departments) as for instance, the year called Muhammadí, an account of which has been before given, also the names of the solar months. For although these months are in usage among the Hindus, still as they became necessary in the computation of the revenue accounts, he gave them names from the Persian according to the Abjud, Howuz, Hutti* system of numeration as Ahmudi Bihari, Julwi, Darai, Hashimi, Wasai, Zuburjudi, Hyduri, Tulooi, Yuzdani, Eezudi, Bunai, &c.

Towards the conclusion of his reign he abolished these names* and called the months by others; such as Ahmudi, Bihari, Tukki, Sumri, Jafuri, Hyduri, Khasrovi, Deeni, Zakuri, Rahmani, Razi, and Rubbani. In the same manner also, the names of the cycle of sixty years, as for instance, Ahud, Ahmud, Ab, Ja, Bab, Buja, Abud, Jad, Jah, Ouj, &c. He also altered the impression on the hoon, or pagoda, and rupee to a different form, as has been before related in the account of his coinage.

The Siduki was an ashrafi or gold mohur, with the same impression, as the rupee.

The Farooki was a pagoda, having on one side the name (Farooki) and on the other the letter <Arabic>.

The Imami rupee also was of the weight and value of two rupees, this is now current.

The Bakuri, a half rupee.

The Jafuri, a quarter of a rupee.

The Kazimi, two annas.

The Fulum or Fanam was called Rahuti, and the Anna, Ayuh.

The terms employed in the measurement of grain were as follows. The Seer (a weight a little more than a pound) was called Duk, and weighed twenty-four fuloos or halfpence.

The Mun was called Atul, which is about four Seers or pounds.

The Dhurra which is a quarter of a Mun was called Hoob.

The Kurro which was sixteen Asar or Seers, was called Bede, and the Khundi which is twenty Kurras, Ahya.

Besides these inventions, his workmen cast guns of a very wonderful description, lion mouthed; also, muskets with two or three barrels, scissors, pen-knives, clocks, daggers called sufdura,— also, a kind of shield woven and formed so as to resist a musket ball.

Besides these he also instituted manufactories for the fabrication or imitation of the cloths of all coun­tries, such as shawls, velvet, Kímkháb, (cloth of gold,) broad cloth (European), and he expended thousands of pounds in these undertakings.

His chief aim and object was, however, the encouragement and protection of the Muham­madan religion, and the religious maxims or rules of the Soonni sect,— and he not only himself abstained from all forbidden practices, but he strictly pro­hibited his servants from their commission.

He also formed regulations on every subject and for every department depending on his govern­ment, every article of which was separately written with his own hand. If, however, he dismissed any one from his office for any fault, or neglect, he after correction and punishment, was accus­tomed to re-appoint him to the same office again, and from this cause it was that during his reign, treachery gained head so far as to cast his king­dom and power gratuitously to the winds.

On the top of his furmáns or public papers, he was accustomed to write the words,— “In the name of God”— in the Toghra character in his own hand, and at the end his signature was in this form so <graphic>