In the year of the Hijra 920, A.D. 1514, it was represented that Rái-Mal, brother of Bhím Ráo, Rájá of Ídur, having expelled his brother's son, Bhára Mal, from Ídur, was assisted by Ráná Sanka, Rájá of Chitore, and had obtained power there. At this the Sultán was displeased; say­ing, “that Bhím Ráo ruled Ídur by his authority, and what power could Ráná Sanka have to appoint Rái-Mal to Ídur?” Wherefore, Nizámu-l-Mulk, the Jágírdár of Ahmadnagar, received orders to expel Rái Mal from Ídur, and deliver over the country to Bhára-Mal. Rái Mal continued a warfare with the Sultán's troops, to the year of the Hijra 923, A.D. 1517, having been alternately victorious and defeated. In the mean time, the nobles of Málwa, such as Habíb Khán, dreading Mídání Ráo, fled from thence; and, waiting on the Sultán, represented to him the then state of Mandú, saying, “the Mohammedan religion had been banished from thence; that Mídání Ráo had caused many of the faithful to be slain, and would soon put to death or imprison Mahmúd, the king of Málwa.” In consequence of this, the Sultán of Gujarát said, “that at the end of the rainy season he would advance into Málwa, in order to punish Mídání Ráo.” At this time, Sultán Mahmúd of Málwa, perceiving the whole resources of this country were at the disposal of Mídání Ráo, and that he himself was strictly watched, found opportunity, one night, of mounting on one horse, whilst he placed his wife on another; and hav­ing escaped to Gujarát, was on his arrival there congratulated by Sultán Muzaffir;* who, after furnishing him with a tent, elephants, horses, and whatsoever else was proper for a king, advanced

18th November,
A.D. 1517.

into Málwa, on Thursday the 4th of Zú-l-kadah, A. Hij. 923, A.D. 1517.

29th November.

On Tuesday the 15th of the same month, Sultán Muzaffir met Sultán Mahmúd of Málwa at the town of Deoláh; and marching from thence by regular stages, the Sultán encamped with his army in the neighbourhood of

7th December.

Mandú, on Sunday the 23d of the same month; when he commenced erecting his bat­teries. Mídání Ráo, after quitting the fort of Dhar, went to Ráná Sanka for succour; and sent to tell the besieged that they must ask for a truce, by which a month's delay would be gained, and he in the mean time would bring the Ráná, with assistance.

The Ráná, being bribed by means of several jewels and fine elephants, which Mídání Ráo had taken from Sultán Mahmúd of Málwa, was induced to send a large army as far as Sarang­púr. The Sultán, being made acquainted with this, and having discovered the treachery of the besieged, sent Ádil Khán Asírí Kawámu-l-Mulk, and Malik Sarang, with several other brave and intelligent men, in order to keep in check the Ráná; whilst he himself, ordering the assault to be made on the fort, captured it on Monday the 2d of Safar of A. Hij. 924, A.D. 1518. On this occasion, nineteen thousand Ráj­púts, and fifty-seven officers of rank, whose names are detailed in the histories called Mirát Sikandarí and Muzaffir Sháhí, were slain. The departure of the Sultán, the entertainment given to him by the king of Málwa, and his visit to the fort, are also detailed in the above-mentioned histories.

In the following year of the Hijra 925, A.D. 1519, intelligence was received that a great battle had been fought between Ráná Sanka and the king of Málwa, and that the latter, after being wounded, had fallen into the hands of his enemies. The Sultán was much astonished on receiving the news of these events, and sent an army for the protection of Mandú. Ráná Sanka permitted Sultán Mahmúd of Málwa to return to Mandú, after his wounds were healed, and retained his son as a pledge.

Moreover, Ráná Sanka, hastening towards Ídur, in A. Hij. 926, A.D. 1520, made war on the Jágírdárs of Ahmadnagar and other places. The Sultán's troops, then opposed to him, being defeated, the Ráná was enabled to advance as far as Barnagar and Bísalnagar, which he plun­dered; but, after hearing that the royal army had left Patan and Ahmadábád, in order to bring him to order, he returned to Chitore.

In the year of the Hijra 927, A.D. 1520-21,

1st Muharram,
12th December,
A.D. 1520.

and in the month of Muharram, Sultán Muzaffir sent an army of one hundred thousand horse with one hundred strings of elephants, under the command of his slave, Malik Ayáz Sultání, and twenty thousand cavalry, with twenty strings of elephants, in command of Kawámu-l-Mulk, in order that they might punish the Ráná for his audacity. These troops first advanced against Bágarh (Wágarh), and plun­dered the country, as the Rájá of that part had joined this mutinous coalition. The army, after killing many Hindús in this expedition, advanced against Ráná Sanka's country. About this time news of the Ráná's death arrived, and also of the death of Sultán Mahmúd Khiljí II.* who had marched from Mandú, with the intention of assisting Sultán Muzaffir.

In the same year, a peace was patched up with the Ráná, in consequence of the hypocriti­cal conduct of the officers commanding the troops, who now returned to Ahmadábád. The Sultán, in consequence of this, showed his dis­pleasure with Malik Ayáz, by saying that he would go himself after the rains, and complete the business: whilst Malik Ayáz received per­mission to proceed to Sorath.

In A. Hij. 928, A.D. 1521-22, having prepared for an expedition, in order to punish the Ráná, he came to Ahmadábád; but the Ráná's son having, in the mean time, waited on the Sultán, with the promised elephants and tribute, the expedition was stopped.

In A. Hij. 931, A.D. 1524-25, the prince, Bahá­dur Khán, who was displeased with the small­ness of his jágír, went to Dehlí, by way of Dúngarpúr, Chitore, and Mewat, in order that he might have a meeting with Sultán Ibrahím Sháh Lódí of Dehlí. At this time, the latter, who had opposed Zahíru-d-dín Bábar Pádsháh, on the plains of Pánipat, sent for Bahádur Khán, and received him with much honour and respect. When Sultán Ibrahím Lódí, and other people of Dehlí, became acquainted with the bravery and intrepidity of Bahádur, they were filled with jealousy. Bahádur Khán, aware of this circumstance, went towards Júnpúr, where, on his arrival, he heard Muzaffir was dead; and immediately set out on his journey for Gujarát.

Sultán Muzaffir was much vexed when he heard that Bahádur Khán had gone towards Bágarh in disgust; and indicated his anxiety to pacify him, and make him return; but the prince had previously abandoned the country. At this time, the Sultán fell sick; when, at length, in the year of the Hijra 932, A.D. 1525-26, having come on account of this very sickness from Mahmúdábád Chámpánír to Baroda, he pro­ceeded by easy stages to Ahmadábád, and took up his residence there, in the palace which is called Ghattámandal. Men nowbegan to despair of his life; and the prince, Latíf Khán, through fear that his brother Sikandar Khán, heir to the throne, would not leave him alive,

1st Jumádá-s-sání,
15th March,
A.D. 1526.

departed for Baroda on the first of Jumádá-s-sání, where a crowd of follow­ers accompanied him.

On the second of the same month, Sultán Muzaffir ordered that Sikandar Khán should be called to him, when he exhorted him to study the interests of his kingdom; and, after asking a blessing for great and poor, he departed this life on Friday the 22d of Jumádá-s-sání, of A. Hij. 932. He was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmúd Bígarrah, which stands at Sirkej, after he had reigned fourteen years and nine months.

This king was a follower of Sayyid Táhir, who is buried at Baroda. For piety and learning, clemency and intelligence, liberality and bravery, he had no equal of his time: and he is known by the name of the clement Muzaffir, on account of his many merciful acts. The author of the Mirát Sikandarí tells us that there were no drunkards in his time, and that good manners were agreeable to him. On account of his clemency, he was careless of punishing many things that required it; and such conduct was on the whole the cause of disturbances. As universally known, the Sultán once ordered part of the lands in the Parganah of Jhaláwár should not be sown, but left as waste, because the people in that part complained that in conse­quence of the many cultivated fields they had no pasturage for their cattle.