After marching from Dūn we came to Rūpar.* While we stayed at Rūpar, it rained incessantly, and was so extremely cold, that many of the starving and hungry Hindustānis died. After marching from Rūpar, we had halted at Keril, Arrives
near
Sirhind.
opposite to Sirhind,* when a Hindustāni presented himself, assuming the style of an ambassador from Sultan Ibrahīm. Though he had no letters or credentials, yet as he requested that one of my people might accompany him back as my ambassador, I accordingly did send back a sawādi tunke­tār** along with him. These poor men had no sooner arrived in Ibrahīm’s camp than he ordered them both to be thrown into prison. The very day that we defeated Ibrahīm, the sawādi was set at liberty, and waited on me.

After two marches more, we halted on the banks of the stream of Banūr* and Sanūr.* This is a running water, of which there are few in Hindustān, except large rivers. They call it the stream of Kagar.* Chiter stands on its banks. We rode up this stream to view the country. Three or four kos above Chiter, it comes flowing down from a number of little springs. Higher up than the stream by which we had ridden,* there issues from an open valley a rivulet fit to turn four or five mills. It is an extremely beautiful and delightful place, with a charming climate. On the banks of this rivulet, where it issues from the spreading valley, I directed a Chār-bāgh (or large garden) to be laid out. The rivulet, after reaching the plain, goes on for a kos or two, and falls into the first-mentioned river. The place where the stream of Kagar issues, and is formed from the junction of the small springs that have been mentioned, may be three or four kos higher up than the place where this rivulet falls into it. During the rainy season, the water of the rivulet, swelling extremely, flows down united with the stream of the Kagar, Hears of
Sultan
Ibrahīm’s
approach.
to Samāneh* and Sanām. At this station we had informa­tion that Sultan Ibrahīm, who lay on this side of Delhi, was A. D. 1526. advancing, and that the Shikdār of Hissār-Firozeh,* Hamīd Khan, khāseh-khail, had also advanced ten or fifteen kos to­wards us with the army of Hissār-Firozeh, and of the neigh­bouring districts. I sent on Kitteh Beg towards Ibrahīm’s camp to procure intelligence, and dispatched Mūmin Atkeh to­wards the army of Hissār-Firozeh to get notice of its motions.

Feb. 25.

On Sunday, the 13th of the first Jumāda, I marched from Ambāla,* and had halted on the margin of a tank, when Mūmin Atkeh and Kitteh Beg both returned on the same Detaches
Humāiūn
towards
Hissār-Fi-
rozeh.
day. The command of the whole right wing I gave to Humāiūn, who was accompanied by Khwājeh Kalān, Sultan Muhammed Duldāi, Wali Khāzin, with some of the Begs who had stayed in Hindustān, such as Khosrou, Hindu Beg, Abdal-azīz, and Muhammed Ali Jeng-Jeng. I also strength­ened this force by adding to it several of the inferior Begs, and of my immediate dependants from the centre, such as Mansūr Birlās, Kitteh Beg, Muhibb Ali, with a large body of troops, and directed him to march against Hamīd Khan. It was at this station, too, that Bīban came and made his submission. These Afghans are provokingly rude and stupid.* Although Dilāwer Khan, who was his superior, both in the number of his retainers and in rank, did not sit in the presence, and although the sons of Ālim Khan stood, though they were princes,* this man asked to be allowed to sit, and expected me to listen to his unreasonable demand.

Feb. 26.
Humāiūn
defeats Ha-
mīd Khan.

Next morning, being Monday the 14th, Humāiūn set out with his light force to attack Hamīd Khan by surprise. Hu­māiūn dispatched on before him a hundred or a hundred and fifty select men, by way of advanced guard. On coming near the enemy, this advanced body went close up to them, hung upon their flanks,* and had one or two rencounters, when the troops of Humāiūn appeared in sight following them. No sooner were they perceived than the enemy took to flight. Our troops brought down one hundred or two hundred of their men, cut off the heads of the one half, and brought the other half alive into the camp, along with seven or eight elephants. Beg Mīrak Moghul brought the news of this victory of Humāiūn to the camp at this station on March 2. Friday, the 18th of the month. On the spot, I directed a complete dress of honour, a horse from my own stable, with a reward in money, to be given to him.

March 5.

On Monday the 21st, Humāiūn reached the camp that was still at the same station, with a hundred prisoners, and seven or eight elephants, and waited on me. I ordered Ustād Ali Kuli and the matchlockmen to shoot all the prisoners as an example. This was Humāiūn’s first expe­dition, and the first service he had seen. It was a very good Hissār-Fi-
rozeh taken.
omen. Some light troops having followed the fugitives, took Hissār-Firozeh the moment they reached it, and returned after plundering it. Hissār-Firozeh, which, with its dependencies and subordinate districts, yielded a kror,* I bestowed on Humāiūn, with a kror in money as a present.

Halts at
Shahābād.

Marching from that station, we reached Shahābād.* I sent fit persons* towards Sultan Ibrahīm’s camp to procure intelligence, and halted several days in this station. From this place also I dispatched Rahmet Piādeh to Kābul, with letters announcing my victory.

Humāiūn’s
note on the
Memoirs.

(At this same station, and this same day, the razor, or scissors, were first applied to Humāiūn’s beard.* As my honoured father mentions in these commentaries the time of his first using the razor, in humble emulation of him, I have commemorated the same circumstance regarding myself. I was then eighteen years of age. Now that I am forty-six, I, Muhammed Humāiūn, am transcribing a copy of these Memoirs from the copy in his late Majesty’s own handwriting.*)*

March 12.

In this station, on Monday the 28th of the first Jumāda, the sun entered Aries; we now began also to receive repeated information from Ibrahīm’s camp, that he was advancing slowly by a kos or two at a time, and halting two or three days at each station. I, on my side, likewise moved on to meet him, and after the second march from Shahābād, en­camped on the banks of the Jumna,* opposite to Sirsāweh.** Bābur en-
camps near
Sirsāweh.
Haider Kuli, a servant of Khwājeh Kalān, was sent out to procure intelligence. I crossed the Jumna by a ford, and went to see Sirsāweh. That same day I took a maajūn. At Sirsāweh there is a fountain, from which a small stream flows. It is rather a pretty place. Terdi Beg Khaksār praised it highly. I said, ‘Yours be it’; and in consequence of these praises, I bestowed it on Terdi Beg Khaksār. Having raised an awning* in a boat, we sometimes sailed about on the broad stream of the river, and sometimes entered the creeks in the boat.*

From this station we held down the river for two marches, keeping close along its banks, when Haider Kuli, who had been sent out to collect intelligence, returned, bringing information that Daūd Khan and Hātim Khan had been sent across the river into the Doāb with six or seven thou­sand* April 1.
Attempts
to surprise
the enemy.
horse, and had encamped three or four kos in advance of Ibrahīm’s position on the road towards us. On Sunday the 18th of the second Jumāda, I dispatched against this column Chin Taimūr Sultan,* Mahdi Khwājeh, Sultan Mirza, Ādil Sultan, with the whole left wing, commanded by Sultan Juneid, Shah Mīr Hūssain, Kūtluk Kadem; as well as part of the centre under Yunis Ali, Abdallah, Ahmedi, and Kitteh Beg, with instructions to advance rapidly and fall upon them by surprise. About noon-day prayers, they crossed the river near our camp; and between April 2. afternoon and evening prayers set out from the opposite bank. Next morning, about the time of early prayers,* they arrived close upon the enemy, who put themselves in some kind of order, and marched out to meet them; but our troops no sooner came up, than the enemy fled, and were followed in close pursuit, and slaughtered all the way to the limits of Ibrahīm’s camp. The detachment took Hātim Khan, Daūd Khan’s eldest brother, and one of the generals, with seventy or eighty prisoners, and six or eight elephants, all of which they brought in when they waited on me. Several* of the prisoners were put to death, to strike terror into the enemy.

[The vīm.]