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Chapter I		58
Rule of the Musalman rulers who ruled over Bengal, as Viceroys of the Musalman Emperors of Delhi— Bengal conquered for Islam by Muhammad Bakhtiar Khilji in 594 A.H. or 1198 A.C.— In the time of Bakhtiar Khilji, South Behar included in the Bengal Viceroyalty— Note by the Translator on the successive inclusion and separation of South Behar in, and from, the Bengal Vice­royalty— Bakhtiar Khilji’s antecedents and adventures— Conquest of Behar by Bakhtiar Khilji— Conquest of Bengal by Bakhtiar Khilji— Bakhtiar Khilji’s prowess, though slender in physique— Bakhtiar Khilji storms Nadiah, the Hindu Capital, with eighteen troopers— Rajah Lakhmania’s flight— Bakhtiar Khilji re-builds the City of Lakhnauti, and establishes it as the Moslem Capital of Bengal— Character of Bakhtiar Khilji— Bakhtiar Khilji estab­lishes mosques, colleges, students’ hostels, travellers’ rest-houses; and military out-posts; introduces coinage of money, and con­structs other public works, such as embankments, roads bridges etc.— Bakhtiar Khilji sends an expedition under his Lieutenant, Muhammad Shiran, to invade Jajnagar (Orissa), and himself leads an expedition to Tibat (or Tibet)— The expedition to Tibat (Tibet) a disastrous failure— Treachery of the Rajah of Kamrup (Western Assam)— From humiliation, Bakhtiar Khilji dies at Deo­cote (Devkot), south of Dinajpur— Malik ’Azu-d-din Khilji suc­ceeds Bakhtiar Khilji— Rule of Ali Mardan Khiljī— Rule of Ghiasu-d-din Khiljī— Sultan Qutbu-d-din dies whilst playing at polo in Lahore, and Emperor Aram Shah succeeds him— Ghiasu-d-din obtains in 620 A.H. from the Caliph (Khalifa) of Baghdad a pontificial patent recognizing the Moslem sovereign of Bengal amongst the Moslem hierarchy of the world— Free commercial intercourse by sea between the Musalmans along the sea-board of Bengal and the Arabs of the sea-ports of Basrah and Baghdad— Emperor Altamsh from Delhi invades Bengal in 622 A.H.— Ghiasu-d-din extends his Bengal Kingdom over Jajnagar (Orissa), Bang (East Bengal), Kamrud or Kamrup (Western Assam), and Tirhut— Ghiasu-d-din establishes mosques, public halls, etc.,— Sultan Nasiru-d-din, son of Emperor Altamsh, from Delhi invades Bengal in 624 A.H., kills Ghiasu-d-din, and succeeds to the rule over Bengal, with the approval of his father, Emperor Altamsh— Rule of Sultan Nasiru-d-din, son of Emperor Altamsh— Hussamu-d-din Khilji— In 627 A.H., Emperor Altamsh from Delhi again invades Lakhnauti, defeats and captures Hussamu-d-din Khilji, and bestows the Viceroyalty of Bengal on Alau-d-din Khan— Rule of Alau-d-din Khan— Rule of Saifu-d-din Turk— Rule of Izzu-d-din Tughan Khan— Empress Raziah ascends the throne of Delhi— Sultan Muizuddin Bahram Shah ascends the Imperial throne of Delhi— Sultan Alau-din succeeds Bahram Shah— Tughan Khan meets Minhaju-s-Siraj author of the splendid Persian history, Tabaqat-i-Naṣirī, and brings the latter to Lakhnauti as his guest— Tughan Khan (with him being Minhaju-s-Siraj) invades Jajnagar (Orissa), storms the fort of Baktasan or Katasan— Fightings between the Rajah of Orissa or Jajnagar and the Musalmans— Lakhnauti invaded by the Ooryias— Rule of Malik Qurabeg Tamar Khan— Emperor Nasiru-d-din Mahmūd (son of Emperor Altamsh) entrusts the Viceroyalty of Lakhnauti to Malik Jalalu-d-din Khan— Rule of Malik Jalalu-d-din Khan— Rule of Arsalan Khan— Rule of Muhammad Tatar Khan— Emperor Balban ascends the Imperial throne of Delhi (664 A.H.)— Emperor Balban appoints Tughral to the Viceroyalty of Lakhnauti— Rule of Tughral surnamed Sultan Maghisu-d-din— Tughral’s character— Tughral invades Jajnagar (Orissa), Oudh and Kamrup (Western Assam) successfully, and proclaims independence— Emperor Balban from Delhi invades Bengal and defeats Tughral at a place near Sunar­gaon in the Dacca district, and in 681 A.H. confers the throne of Bengal on his (the Emperor’s) own son, Bughra Khan, who is henceforth styled Sultan Nasiru-d-din— Bughra Khan, the first of a succession of Balbani Kings who ruled over Bengal, and held their court mostly at Sunargaon, near Dhaka or Dacca— Rule of Bughra Khan— Emperor Balban’s parting advice to his son Bughra Khan indicative of an exalted ideal of kingly duties and responsibilities cherished by this great Indo-Moslem Emperor— Emperor Balban dies in 685 A.H., and is succeeded by Sultan Muizu-d-din Kaiqubad (son of Bughra Khan, surnamed Sultan Nasiru-d-din)— Dissensions between Nasiruddin and his son, Emperor Mnizuddin— The father and the son meet on the opposite banks of the Soro or Sarju (old river-boundary between the king­dom of Bengal and the Empire of Hindustan)— The meeting immortalised in the Qiranu-s-Sadain by Amir Khusrau, the famous poet laureate of the Delhi Court of Emperor Altamsh— Sultan Jalalu-d-din Khilji becomes Emperor of Delhi— Sultan Nasiru-d-din of Bengal tenders homage to Emperor Jalalu-d-din, as well as to the latter’s successors, Sultan Alau-d-din and Sultan Qutbu-d-din— Rule of Bahadur Shah— Emperor Ghiasu-d-din Tughlak succeeds to the Imperial throne of Delhi, invades Bengal, and leaves Tatar Khan as Governor of Sunargaon, and Nasiru-d-din as over-lord of Sunargaon, Gaur, and Bang or East Bengal— Re-arrangement of the administrative divisions of the Bengal Satrapy by Emperor Ghiasu-d-din Tughlak— Emperor Ghiasu-d-din Tughlak dies, and is succeeded by Emperor Muhammad Shah Tughlak— Emperor Muhammad Shah appoints Tatar Khan as Viceroy of Bengal and Sunargaon, and Qadr Khan as Governor of Lakhnauti— Re-arrangement of the Administrative Divisions of Bengal introduced by Emperor Muhammad ShahTughlak— Qadr Khan killed by Fakhru-d-din.