The Author accounts for the peculiar character of the Indians, from the peculiarities of the soil—Indian Princes love their subjects, as fond parents do their children—On the contrary, the English hate the natives of India, and disdain their company—Twelve causes assigned for the diminution of revenue and population all over Bengal—The first, that the English are aliens—The second is their ignorance of the customs and usages of the country—Account of those usages— A Daroga of Audaulet-office—A Cazi—This last office greatly abused now—A Sadr-el-S8d8r—Governor Hastings, informed in time, rescues an infinity of families from the oppressions of the actual Sadr—Fervent prayer of the Author’s—The Daroga of the Audaulet, another Civil Judge, whose office is shockingly abused at this day—The Emperors and Rulers of Hindostan think it their duty to sit as Supreme Judges—Warning given to the Princes of Hindostan by the Author—Unsociableness and inaccessibleness of the English, another great defect of their Government—The Mohtesib, or Clerk of the Market— The Vacaa-naviss, and Sevana-naviss—The Emperor, by the means of the post, minutely informed every day of what happens in the remotest parts of the Empire—Two singular notes in the hand of the Emperor Aoreng-zib’s—The Fodjdars, Military Commandants in some fortresses and some difficult countries—An infinity of persons in each province dependent immediately on the Emperor, and not on the respective Vice­roys —Extents of duties expected from Fodjdars—Happy con­ditions of Indians under their native Princes, and latterly under Aaly-verdy-qhan—Third reason or cause, the Zemindars too loose, and too unrestrained, under the English Government —The Fodjdar’s office, as it is excercised now, it become one of the main grievances of the natives—Fourth cause, this country having no apparent master, lies under all the disadvantages of a house unt nanted—Men of confessed superior abilities eternally thwarted by majorities sent from home—Fifth cause, the subordinate rulers do not stay long enough in their employs —Benignity and tenderness of the Indian Emperors to the conquered—The natural insociableness of the English, as well as the inaccessibleness of their rulers, produces the first cause of the declension of these countries—The second is, the difference of language, manners, and way of life—The third is, the endless variations and mutations in posts of trust and importance—Slowness of proceedings in the Supreme Council, is the fourth—Differences in giving audience between the benignity and condescension of the ancient native rulers, and the superciliousness, and roughness of the present ones, is the fifth—The sixth is, the rapacity of the English, who engross all the trade of the country; very differenl in that from their native Princes, who left all those livelihoods to the subjects—Fifty thousand Cavalry, and ninety thousand Infantry kept up in only these three provinces—The seventh cause is, in the exorbitant powers left to Zemindars, a race deemed incorrigible in all ages—Eighth reason, the slowness of proceedings in the Council of Calcatta, and in the subordinate Councils—The ninth is, that wrong custom of giving employments and offices by seniority of rank—Tenth, partiality of the English to their own countrymen—Eleventh, establishment of the Supreme Court of Judicature of Calcutta—Twelfth, the English decide in their closets, what ought not to be decided only in public.