M. is by far the largest letter in the Persian Index. I have omitted nearly all the geographical entries, for the historical part of the Akbarnāma has very little to say about them. Readers are referred by me to the admirable translations by Blochmann and Jarrett of the Āīn Akbarī, supplemented in the case of Jarrett's second volume, by the additional Index to the geographical names by my friend Mr. William Irvine and Miss Lavinia M. Anstey and published by the A.S.B., New Series, No. 1176, at Calcutta in 1910, in an extra fasciculus.
I beg leave to call special attention to Colonel Jarrett's 2nd and 3rd Volumes of the Āīn Akbarī translation, for it is not so well-known as the almost classical translation of Vol. I, by Henry Blochmann. Blochmann's labours have also been described by the editor of the German Review, the Z.D.M.G., in 1878 or 1879. Jarrett's work was more difficult than mine, and he of course was a thorough Persian scholar. His two volumes contain many difficult passages, especially in Abu-l-Faẓl's details about himself, and in the remarks about Hin­dūstān. His translation of Akbar's sayings might well be edited and published separately. It is also still worth while to look up Gladwin's translation (see the notice of him in the D.N.B.). He was a good Persian scholar and had the use of some good MSS. I would also once more suggest the translation and pub­lication of the Ma'āiru-l-Umarā, and of the Darbār Akbarī.
Mādhū Singh, nephew or cousin R. Bhagwān Dās, 49 and n. 1, 237, 244, 464, 519, 537, 715, 724, 734, 745, in Kābul, 778 and 782-83, in Kash­mīr, 829, 864, does homage, 870, 1155, has rank 3,000 with 2,000 horse, 1231, 1249 and n. 1. See B. 418 where 48th year should be 49th. Perhaps, Mādhū was also adopted by Bhagwān.
Madhūkar Sāh, Bandīlā R. Orcha, disobedient, 108 and n. 1, 294-95, defeated, 324-25, comes court, 379
punished, 803. His s. Rām Singh does homage, 1122. Apparently Rām Sāh and Rām Singh are different. See Ma'āir II, 131, and A.N. translation 803 and note. Madhūkar was father of Bīr Singh, the murderer of A. F. The word Madhūkar seems to be a nickname, meaning that he made or dealt in honey. Death, 961.
Māh Bānū, sister 'Azīz Koka, w. K. K. 'Abdu-r-Raḥīm, dies Ambala, 1117, 1120.
Mahādeo, temple of, 7.
Māhī B., dies, 283 and n. 2.
Maḥmūd of Bhakkar (Sulān), besieged, 127-28. Do. Saiyid, of Bārha, 16, 61, 66, 81, 108. Do. s. Iskandar Afghān, his escape, 23.
Majnūn K. Qāqshāl, 29, 99, 116, 135, 142, 145, 169, his s. Jabbārī, 1000.
Makhṣūṣ K., younger b. Sa'īd K., 241, 518, 533, at Jalālābād, 542, in charge armour, 585, 591, 879, in Orissa, 935, 937, with Salīm (Jahāngīr), 1247. See B. 38 and Ma'āiru-l-Umarā III, 324.
Māl Deo Rāo of Jodhpur, there are several entries in P.T. but he had been long dead, and the only thing interesting about him in the third vol. refers to his grand­daughter-in-law's attempted satī. She was widow of Jaimal, a nephew of Bhagwān Das and she did not want to burn. She was e.d. of the Mothā (Fat) Rājah. Akbar saved her. Abu-l-Faẓl, pp. 594-95 and n., tells the story badly, for he does not mention the site of the proposed satī, nor how far A. had to ride. With regard to p. 595 n. 2, I am now inclined to think that Chāstī is right and that A. was break­fasting when the news came. The reference in note to p. 63 is wrong and should be 69. The account in Ma'āir U. II, 1100 under article Rūpsī, does not add to our information. See also D.A., p. 141 and Vincent Smith's Akbar, 226. The translation in Elliot is not good. Jaimal had no forces with him and it is not clear that he died of sun stroke. Jagannāth and Rāi Sāl came with A. Apparently only Udai is said to have been imprisoned. B. 427-8 and Mrs. Beveridge's Bābur, pp. 145 and 342, may be consulted. The occur­rence was in 991 A.H.=A.D. 1583.
Māl Gosain, ruler Kūch Bihar submits, 349 and n. 1, account of, 1067 and n. 4.
Mālīgarh Fort, outwork of Asīr, 1163-67, taken by A. F. Do. four victories, 1171.
Malik Mashriq, 10 and n. 2.
Mālwa prov., Central I., 15, 25, many entries in P.T. Moaffar Turbatī Gov., 48, Shihābu-d-dīn Aḥmad, 241-42, officers sent for, 275, Shujā'at Gov., 337, Mīrzā Koka sent, 655, he and Naurang appointed to, 779, P. Murād put in charge, 911, 1029.* Māmā Āghā, d., 990 and n. 4, 1066 and n. 2.
Mān Singh Darbārī, 69, 80 and n. 1, 84, 519, his s., 782.
Mān Singh Rājab, adopted s. Bhag­wān Dās, 8 and n. 5, requests permission to go ahead, 19, prevent A. from hurting himself, 44, 48, arrives from Udaipūr and does homage, 57, 62, 88, 93, 94, with A. on boat journey, 123, called far­zand and proceeds against Rānā, 236, Goganda battle, 244, 246, 259-60, 269, at Goganda, 277, 305, sent again against Rānā, 307, 339, 348, 358, protects Yūsuf Shāh of Kistwar, 409, 424, charge of Indus territory, 493, sends Shāh Manṣūr's papers to Court, 502, 508, sent Peshāwar, 518-19, battle against Kābulīs, 537, does homage, 539, arrives from Bengal, 1256, gets rank of 7,000, 1257. Bhāo Singh the only s. who survived him died in Deccan in 1030 or 1031 A.H. (1621 A.D.). Mān Singh also died in Deccan, in 1614 A.D. or 1023 A.H. See Tūzak J. I, 266. Mān Singh was given the pargana of Chaund in order to meet the expenses of keeping up Rohtās. See p. 125, n. Indus prov., 545, 669-71, Kābul, 704-5, 712, sent Kābul, 745, Khaibar victory, 734, 736, 739, 742, Kābul, 745, against Tārīkīs, 778-81, 785, negligent, 790, cen­sured, 794, 801, Kashmīr, 830, styled Rājah and has 5,000 rank, 863, sends Bihār tribute, 872-73, Orissa con­quest, 878-80, 924, Orissa again, 934, it submits, 940-41, Orissa successes, 967, Afghān disputes, 968, sends elephants, 985, ordered Deccan, 995, Rohtās, 997, Khusrū's tutor, 999, at Tānda, 1023, founds Akbarnagar (Rājmaḥal), 1042, marries Lacmī Narāin's sister, 1068, son dies, 1093, sends presents, 1133, 1140, son dies, 1141-42, 1151, 1155, defeats Bengal sedition at Sherpūr 'Aāī, 1174, Jessore victory, 1180, 1211, Dacca, 1213, Bhāwal, 1214, and Purneah, 1215, 1232, Kedār Rai and Magh Rajāh defeated, 1235, 1240, 1250. By far the best account of Rajāh Mān Singh seems to be that in the Ma'āiru-l-Umarā II, 160-70. It does not say that 1,500 wives and concubines burnt themselves at his death. It says each of the 1,500 bore him one or two children, but that they all died before their father except Bhāo Singh and that he was a drunkard. Among other things the Ma'āir U. has a long and interesting account of the early history of Orissa and of its conquest in Sulai­mān Kararānī's time. It has also detail of Mān's conquest of Orissa. The article on Mān Singh in the D.A. is not so good as I expected it would be.
Mān Singh Deohra, ruler of Sirohi, is mentioned in p. 7.
Maner, vill. Patna, d. p. 132 and n. 3. It says that the Sone joins Ganges there. There is an account of Shaikh Yaḥyā, s. Ismā'īl, see n. 6 and p. 133 and n. 1.
Mānī, the painter and religious teacher, 283 and n. 3, and p. 998. See A.A., J.'s translation, Vol. III, pp. 336-37 and notes. It is curious that Abu-l-Faẓl and other orientals have much to say about Mānī's artistic abilities while European writers say so little about this.
Mānikzhāla, 853 and n. Porhaps this is the famous stupa which Elphinstone was perhaps the first European who noticed. See I.G., Vol. XVII, p. 182, where it is called Manikiāla.
Manṣūr Khwāja Shāh of Shīrāz, sent court by Mun'im K., 164, account of, 273-74. A. F. here speaks of his josh-i-rashad. This may mean stern rectitude for Rashad was Caliph Hārūn's title. Sent to inspect treasuries, 287, joined with Moaffar and Todar Mal, 303, mint arrangements of Jaunpur (Bangāla cannot here mean Tānda, for that is separately mentioned in A.A., B.'s transla­tion, 31, so I presume Gaur is meant here), 321, enquires complaints against revenue officers, 360, to inspect treasury at capital, 374, another decennial settlement, 413-414 and n. 2, his strictness a cause of B. and B. (Bihār) rebellion, 431 and n. 3, dismissed and imprisoned, 461, alleged treason and his being sentenced and hanged, 501-05 and notes 1 and 4. When A. arrived Kābul he learnt that Manṣūr was innocent. See T. Akbari in Elliot, V, 422 and 427; also Badayūnī, Lowe's translation, 300 and 303; and B. 430. Apparently, Manṣūr had a s. named Bakhtiyār Beg who eventually became fief-holder of Siwistān. B. 474, No. 204.
Martaẓā Sabzawārī (Mīr), Berar fief-helder comes court, 686, 1050, his intrigues, 1148, 1157, does homage, 1166, 1180, 1189, 1199, 1209, 1212, 1236.
Mas'ūd Ḥusain M., younger b. Ibrāhīm Ḥ. M., 49, captured, 53, brought to A., 56 and n. 3. See B. 463, probably put to death.
Ma'ṣūm Bhakkarī (Mīr), pen-name Nāmī, a Tarmīzī Saiyid and s. Mīr Sofāī, poet and historian and a scholar and composer of Qandahar and other inscriptions, born in Bhakkar and died there in 1044 A.H. (1634), was in Bihār, 475, 591, 596, 610, 624, 642, long employed in Gujarāt, 656, 808, 887, 930-31, 1021, ambassador to Shāh 'Abbās of Persia, 1236-37, returns and brings letter from Shah's aunt, 1251. See Ma'āir III, 326, B. 514 and Bedi, p. 269. Do. K. Farankhūdī s. Mu'īnu-d-dīn. His f. was Humā­yūn's officer. See B. 432, 34, 36. Sarkār Ghāzīpūr granted to, 410, miscon­duct and disloyalty revealed, 483-87, battle at
Sulānpūr, Bilahrī in Oudh and victory Imperialists, January, 1581. Shāhbāz defeated in first battle and fled Jaunpūr 30 m. away, 496, second battle reversed this. Ma'ṣūm assassinated July 1582 at Fatḥpūr Sīkrī. Farankhūd said to be near Samarḳand, see Yāqūt. P.T. very excusably mixed up the M. Farankhūdī with M. Kābulī. For account of assassination, see pp. 576-77.
Ma'ṣūm K. Kābulī, Muh. Ḥakīm's step-b. and a Saiyid of Turbat in Khurāsān. See Ma'āir U. III, 292 and B., 431 n. Becomes A.'s servant, 223-24, Orissa assigned to, 410, fief-holder, Patna, 418-19, rebels, 445-48, made rebel's vakīl and styled K. Daurān, 449, 451-52, 460-61, in Bihār, 470, makes night-attack, 472-73, flies Bengal and poisons Sharafu-d-dīn, 478, plunders Ghorāghāt, 592-93, 600, 619, et seq., 645, 651, 673, 676, defeated, 693, 696, 721-22, defeated, 1063, defeats Mān Singh's s., 1093-94, d., 1130, son submits, 1180. See Ma'āir U. III, 295.
Mathurā Dās Khatrī, 17, 518, 534, A. visits, 547, 812, 954, 1051-2, death by robbers, 1051-2.
Maalib K., fief-holder, Mālwa, 36, 274, 338, 380, 446, 520 and n. 2, 530, 591, 617, 672, commands force against the Tārīkīs, 794, becomes insane, 796. See B. 403.
Mau, in Baksar(?), 883, R. Bāsū's territory in Kāngra, d. fort taken, 1084, 1206, 1208-9, Bāsū's offences forgiven, his flight, 1248-49, Nūrpūr is capital, I.G., XIX, 232.
Meteors, Perseids (?), 942 and n. 2, 300 little stars (sitārhā) seen on 7th July 1592 by A. and Prince Daniel at the Rāmbārī garden, north of Lahore. An expedition against Qandahār was in progress but on seeing this strange phenomenon the army went back to Lahore! Is anything said in European books or in the Almanacs of Darbanga, etc., about it, and has it any connection with Shakespeare's lines about certain stars shooting madly from their spheres on account of Mary Stuart who was executed in 1587?
Miriam Makānī, also called Ḥamīda Bānū, A.'s mother, 83, 108, arrives camp, 348, 547, at her instance Ma'ṣūm (Farankhūdī) and Niyābat (also called 'Arab, B. 425) were pardoned, 566. 618, joins A., 709, A. sends her a verse, 834-35, along with Gulbadan B. and other ladies, she joins him in Kābul, 859, returns Fatḥpūr, 880, story of A.'s being tatooed, 884, she visits A., 901, at her request Selīm allowed interview, 1140, he avoids her, 1155, she and Gulbadan beg forgiveness for Selīm, 1222-23, visits Gulbadan on death-bed, 1226, brings Selīm to A., 1230, illness and death, 1244-46, 1251.
Motha Rajah (the Fat Rajah), s. Maldeo, ruler Jodhpūr. Real name Udai Singh. The Udai Singh of the satī stopped by A. may have been the Motha Rajah of p. 295 and 632, but he may have been Jaimal's s.; Motha R.'s d. bears a d. to Prince Selīm, 880, n. 2, and in 992 she gave birth to Shāh Jahān, 921 and n. 2, Motha R. goes Sirohī, 985, 1015, dies, 1027-28, and four wives committed satī. Motha R.'s d. had a d. It seems Shāh Jahān had two full sisters, B. 310.
Moaffar K. Turbatī, had been ordered Mecca but restored to favour, 9, joins at Surat, 36, gov. Mālwa, 48, made vakīl, 93-94, 120, 146, distinguished services, 187-200, ordered Bengal, 238, 251-52, 266, 273, promoted, 303, at a conference, 320, at Delhi, 360, 374, goes Bengal, 386, 420, misbehaves, 427 and n. 1, 430-31, 443, defeat and d., 442-449. Do. Gujrātī, found hiding in corn-field, 9, original name Nannū, early career 608, 610, besieges Baroda, 628, at Aḥmadābād, 633, 638, et seq., army sent against, 656, 679, 684, 709, 750, 808, 809, 902, et seq., capture and suicide, 962-65. Do. Ḥusain, s. Ibrāhīm Ḥ. and Gulrukh B., taken Deccan, 22, 23, 289-90, defeated and goes Junāgarh, 294, 301, captured, 330, brought court in chains, 379, 380, pardoned, 386, 571, married to A.'s d. Sultān Khānam, 990. See B. 464.
Moaffar another, 423, Sulaimān of Badakhshān gave him his d. in marriage, 423 and n. 2. Do. another, 886.
Mubārak Shaikh, f. A. F. and s. Khiẓr Khwāja. Born Nāgor in Jodhpūr, 911 A.H. (1505 A.D.), 55, 118, d. 967-90. A. F. does not say his f. drew up the famous document making A. the spiritual head of the people, but see n. 1 to p. 395. He does not even say that his f. saw the document. His f.'s name is included under the heading of great sages in the A.A. The document drawn up, 987 A.H., or the 24th year of reign and in August-September 1579. Author D.A. thinks Mubārak was probably a slave-girl's child. See his p. 328. A Spanish or Portuguese correspondent of the Times Lit­erary Supplement, 1921, says that the word Imperbicado applied to Mubārak by Mont­serrat means stiff, or vain in Portuguese but should be written imptigado or empertigado. See Father Rudolf's letter in Father Goldie's First Christian Mission to the Moghul, p. 97 of ed. of 1897. Pertica means in Latin a pole or measuring rod.
Muḥibb 'Alī, s. Bābur's minister. Niāmu-d-dīn Khalīfa.
B. warns us against con­founding him with the Muḥibb 'Alī styled Roh­tāsī. In fact, the P.T. Index has mixed up three, if not four, different men. However the first two are the most important ones. The first, i.e. the Khalīfa's s., belonged to a Farghāna family and was the elder of the two men. There is a long biography of him in the Ma'āir U. III, 238. He was a courtier and intriguer, his w. was Nāhīd B., d. Qāsim Kokaltāsh, Bābur's foster b. Her m. was Māh. Cūcaq, d. Muqīm Arghūn. There is a mystery about Muqīm Arghūn and his family. But, perhaps, it is a mystery which attaches to all men and women who were born in remote times and places. Muḥibb 'Alī, according to the Iqbāl­nāma, died in 991 A.H., but another account gives the date as 989. He wrote a book on falconry which is referred to in Rieu's Catalogue of Persian MSS. For mention of M. A., s. Khalīfa, see pp. 51, 127-29, 304 (where he is greatly praised). The last entry about him is 357 where we find him offered four appointments and choos­ing that of gov. Delhi. He and his wife had much to do with Sind. See also B. and Ma'āiru-l-U. Do. Rohtāsī. He was a younger man than the Prime Minister's son, and a better man. He was an excellent soldier and did good work at Rohtās and in Bihar generally. A. F. gives an inter­esting account of his last moments. He had a son Ḥabīb who was killed before him. For M. Rohtāsī, see pp. 251, 280, 420-22, 453, 467-68, 470, 475, where it is stated that the whole country from Shahr Bahīra to Rohtās was made over to him. For Rohtās and Rohtāsgarh, see I.G., Vol. XXI, pp. 322-3. Rohtās is in the Punjab, and was named by Sher Shāh after Rohtāsgarh which is in the Sasarām sub­division of Shāhābād.
Muḥibb 'Alī, a third, is M. A. Khwāja. see B. 546. And a fourth, (Mīr Muhibullāh), who was also a Khwāja. See pp. 596, 681, 710. He is B.'s No. 307. Mujāhid K. was M. A., s. Khalīfa's grandson and his mother's name was Sāmi'ah Begam. See translation A.N., III, 128.
Mun'im K., s. Mīram Beg, K. K. On Sulaimān Kararānīs d.
ordered conquer B. and Orissa, 6, asks help, 27, his neglect, leaves Chunār, 28, sends officers against Ḥājīpūr, 29, sets out from Muḥam­madābād, takes omen from Ḥāfi, 30, rebels defeated, 30, 31, orders to, 57, Todar Mal sent to help him, 58, 89, 100, 109, 114-15, 120, 131-36, 141-45, 147, 150, 152-53 and n. 2, 164, Takaroi battle and Mun'im's wounds, 169-80, 186, interview with Dāūd, 183-86, 189-90, 199-200, d. at Gaur, October 1575, 226-29, 255, l. 14 for Khān-Khānān read Khān Jahān, 273, 934. A. sends Mun'im royal falcon, 1014, murmurings of troops, 1129, line 11 and omit “and” before Aḥmad. B.'s account of Mun'im, pp. 317-18, with reference to famous Jaunpūr bridge, still in use, should be read. Mun'im's Ghane altogether a failure. Though M. said to have died of bad air of Gaur, it should be remembered that he was a very old man and also had old wounds. M.'s origin and early history little known. Apparently he was a Chaghatā'ī or Moghul. In A.N. he is often associated with Tardī Beg. Ma'āiru-l-U. account, Vol. III, 667, is interesting and tells about history of Kararānī family of Afghāns in B. and Bengal. Much informa­tion about Mun'im in Bāyazīd Biyāt's Memoirs. See J.A.S.B. for 1898, p. 296. Bāyazīd was M.'s servant, and was present at many of his campaigns. World seems indebted for them to A. and A. F. But they are still only in MS. in B.M. and India Office. Mun'im's f. was Mīram, and Bairam and he were M. 'Askarī's guardians. Bāyazīd's Mem., I.O. MS., p. 87b, tells how Mun'im hanged Khwāja Mīrakī, diwan of Miriam Makānī, who was apparently the historian Niāmu-d-dīn's g.f. Bāyazīd gives two chronograms of the building of Jāunpūr bridge. Stewart has account of bridge in Hist. Bengal. Mun'im married one of Bābur's concubines. See Bāyazīd's Mem., p. 122b, I.O. MS.
Murād (Sulān), A.'s second s., born at Fatḥpūr Sīkrī and hence called Pahārī, June 1570; m. was a concubine and so he was not the s. of Bairam's widow, was to have gone as far as sea with Gulbadan B. and others, but arrangement cancelled, 206, rank 7,000, 308, 329, taught letters, 388, Sharīf his guardian, 458, prince sent on towards Peshāwar, ordered advance from Bikrām (Peshawar), 523-24, 531, victory, 532, weighment-day changed, 581, has charge household, 598, 733, re-called, 735-36, meets Sulaimān Badakh­shānī, 786, marries 'Azīz Koka's d., 791, birth of s. (Rustam), 807, in Kashmīr, 819, 830, brings ladies, 853 and n. 6, 856, birth of s., 881, charge of Mālwa, 911-14 prince angry, takes a fort, 923, A. censures him, appointed Gujarāt, 982, 996, haughty manners,
1042, preparations for attacking Aḥmadnagar, 1045, rudeness, 1046, death of Ṣādiq the prince's guardian, 1074 and n. 2, M. Yūsuf made guardian, 1081, prince's unsatisfactory behaviour, 1103-04, A. F. sent bring him back, 1119, d., 1125-27 and n. 1, 1128-31. Evidently, Murād was the cleverest and best of A.'s sons, but his end was as tragie as the life and death of his two brothers. Father Montser­rat's Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius, Mem., A.S.B. Vol. III, No. 9 for 1914, has many interesting references to him. See Index to the Commentare under word Pahārī, p. 684. Murād the only one of the three sons who showed soldierly qualities. Do. Mīr, Isfarāīnī. He was a Sazāwal, i.e. an inspector or collector (pursuivant?). A sazāwal was like the tākīdgīr of Bengal, 801 and n. 2, 813, 828, 853-54, 1115. Do. III, Sulān of Turkey, d., 1017, 1018. Do. s. Ya'qūb Beg, 896. (Muḥ.) Murād K., an officer, 33, 34, 36, 48, 228, 252, 254, 429, 469.
Murshid Qulī, 900 and n. 1.