278. Mukhta´r Beg, son of A´ghá Mullá.

Mukhtár Beg served under A'zam Khán Kokah (No. 21) in Bihár, Gaḍha-Ráisín (Akbarn., III., 276, 473), and in the 36th year, under Sulṭán Murád in Málwah.

Naçrullah, son of Mukhtár Beg, was under Sháhjahán a commander of 700, 150 horse, and died in the 10th year.

Fathullah, son of Naçrullah, was under Sháhjahán a commander of 500, 50 horse (Pádisháhn., I., b, 318; II., 752).

Abulfazl calls Mukhtár Beg the son of A´ghá Mullá. This would seem to be the A´ghá Mullá Dawátdár, mentioned on p. 369. If so, Mukhtár Beg would be the brother of Ghiásuddín 'Alí (No. 126). The A´ghá Mullá mentioned below (No. 376), to judge from the Tuzuk (p. 27), is the brother of A´çaf Khán III. (No. 98), and had a son of the name of Badí'uzzamán, who under Sháhjahán was a commander of 500, 100 horse (Pád., I., b., 327; II., 751). In Muhammadan families the name of the grandfather is often given to the grandchild.

279. Haidar 'Ali´ 'Arab.

He served, in the 32nd year, in Afghánistán (Akbarn., III., 540, 548).

280. Peshrau Kha´n [Mihtar Sa'ádat].

Mihtar Sa'ádat had been brought up in Tabríz, and was in the service of Sháh Ṭahmásp, who gave him as a present to Humáyún. After Humáyun's death, he was promoted, and got the title of Peshrau Khán. In the 19th year, Akbar sent him on a mission to Bihár, where he was caught on the Ganges by Gajpatí, the great zamíndár (p. 399, note 2). When Jagdespúr, the stronghold of the Rájah, was conquered, Gájpatí ordered several prisoners to be killed, among them Peshrau. The executioner, however, did not kill him, and told another man to do so. But the latter accidentally could not get his sword out of the scabbard; and the Rájah, who was on the point of flying, having no time to lose, ordered him to take P. on his elephant. The elephant was wild and restive, and the man who was in charge of P., fell from the animal and got kicked, when the brute all at once commenced to roar in such a manner, that the other elephants ran away frightened. Although P.'s hands were tied, he managed to get to the kaláwah (p. 127) of the driver, and thus sat firm; but the driver unable to manage the brute, threw himself to the ground and ran away, leaving P. alone on the elephant. Next morning it got quiet, and P. threw himself down, when he was picked up by a trooper who had been searching for him.

In the 21st year, he reported at court the defeat of Gajpatí* (Akbarn., III., 163). In the 25th year, he served in Bengal (l. c., p. 289). Later he was sent to Nizámulmulk of the Dak'hin, and afterwards to Bahádur Khán, son of Rájah 'Alí Khán of Khándesh. His mission to the latter was in vain, and Akbar marched to A´sír. P. distinguished himself in the siege of Málígaḍh.

Jahángír made him a commander of 2000, and continued him in his office as superintendent of the Farrásh-khánah (Quarter-Master).

P. died in the 3rd year, on the 1st Rajab, 1017. Jahángír says (Tuzuk, p. 71), “He was an excellent servant, and though ninety years old, he was smarter than many a young man. He had amassed a fortune of 15 lacs of rupees. His son Riáyat is unfit for anything; but for the sake of his father, I put him in charge of half the Farrásh-khánah.

281. Qa´zi´ Hasan Qazwíní.

In the 32nd year (995), he served in Gujrát (Akbarn., III., 537, 554, where the Lucknow edition has Qází Husain), and later in the siege of A´sír (l. c., III., 825).

282. Mi´r Mura´d i Juwainí.

He is not to be confounded with No. 380, but may be the same as mentioned on p. 354.

Juwain is the Arabic form of the Persian Gúján, the name of a small town,* in Khurásán, on the road between Bisṭám and Níshápúr. It lies, according to the Maásir, in the district of Baihaq, of which Sabzwár is the capital, and is renowned as the birth-place of many learned men and poets.

Mír Murád belongs to the Sayyids of Juwain. As he had been long in the Dak'hin, he was also called Dak'hiní. He was an excellent shot, and Akbar appointed him rifle-instructor to Prince Khurram. He died, in the 46th year, as Bakhshí of Láhor. He had two sons, Qásim Khán and Háshim Khán.

Qásim Khán was an excellent poet, and rose to distinction under Islám Khán, governor of Bengal, who made him treasurer of the çúbah. Later, he married Maníjah Begum, sister of Núr Jahán, and thus became a friend of Jahángír. An example of a happy repartee is given. Once Jahángír asked for a cup of water. The cup was so thin, that it could not bear the weight of the water, and when handed to the emperor, it broke. Looking at Qásim, J. said (metre Ramal)—

The cup was lovely, and the water lost its rest—

when Qásim, completing the verse, replied:

It saw my love grief, and could not suppress its tears.

In the end of J.'s reign, he was Çúbahdár of A´grah, and was in charge of the treasures in the fort. When the emperor died, and Sháhjahán left the Dak'hin, Qásim paid his respects in the Bágh i Dṅahrah (A´grah), which in honor of Jahángír had been called Núr Manzil, and was soon after made a commander of 5000, 500 horse, and appointed governor of Bengal, vice Fidáí Khán.

As Sháhjahán when prince, during his rebellion, had heard of the wicked practices of the Portuguese in Bengal, who converted natives by force to Christianity, he ordered Qásim to destroy their settlement at Húglí. In the 5th year, in Sha'bán, 1041, or February, 1632, A. D. (Pádisháhn., I., 435, 437), Q. sent a corps under his son 'Ináyatullah and Allah Yár Khán to Húglí. The Portuguese held out for three months and a half, when the Muhammadans succeeded in laying dry the ditch in front of the Church, dug a mine, and blew up the church. The fort was taken. Ten thousand Portuguese are said to have perished during the siege, and 4400 were taken prisoners. About 10,000 natives whom they had in their power, were liberated. One thousand Musalmáns died as martyrs for their religion.*

Three days after the conquest of Húglí, Qásim died (l. c., p. 444). The Jámi' Masjid in the Atgah Bázár of A´grah was built by him.

283. Mi´r Qa´sim Badakhshí.

He served in the Dak'hin (Akbarn., III., 830).

284. Bandah 'Ali´ Maidání.

Maidání is the name of an Afghán clan; vide No. 317. Bandah 'Alí served in the 9th year with Muhammad Hakím of Kábul, who was attacked by Mírzá Sulaimán of Badakhshán (No. 5), and had applied to Akbar for help. In the 30th and 32nd years, he served in Kábul (Akbarn., II., 299; III., 477, 540).

The Akbarnámah (II., 209) also mentions a Bandah 'Alí Qurbegí.

285. Khwa´jagi´ Fathullah, son of Hájí Habíbullah of Káshán.

He was mentioned above on pp. 359, 464. He served in the 30th year under Mírzá 'Azíz Kokah (No. 21). Akbarn., III., 473.

286.	Za´hid	sons of Çádiq Khán (No. 43).
287.	Dost [Muhammad]
288.	Ya´r [Muhammad]

They have been mentioned above on p. 357. Záhid, in the end of 1015, served against Dalpat (No. 252).

Regarding Záhid, vide also a passage from the Táríkh i Ma'çúmí, translated in Dowson's edition of Elliot's Historians, I., 246.

289. 'Izzatullah Ghujduwání.

Ghujduwán is a small town in Bukhárá.

The Akbarnámah (III., 548) mentions a Qází 'Izzatullah, who, in the 32nd year, served in Afghánistán.