In the 28th year, T. served under the Khán Khánán (No. 29) in Málwah and Gujrát, and defeated Sayyid Daulat in Kambháit. He distinguished himself in the fights with Muzaffar, and served under Qulij Khán (No. 42) in the conquest of Bahroṉch. In the 30th year, he was attached to the corps which under M. 'Azíz Kokah was to be sent to the Dak'hin. Having indulged in slander during the disagreement between M. 'Azíz Kokah and Shihábuddín, he was imprisoned. After his release he was sent to Bengal, where in the 37th year he served under Mán Singh against the Afgháns.

He died in the beginning of the 41st year (1004).

159. Khwa´jah Shamsuddi´n Khawa´fi´.

Khawáfí means ‘coming from Khawáf,’ which is a district and town in Khurásán. Our maps have ‘Kháff’ or ‘Kháf,’ due west of Harát, between Lat. 60° and 61°. According to the Mu'jamulbuldán, “Khawáf is a large town belonging [at the time the author wrote] to the revenue district of Níshápúr. Near it lies on one side Búshanj which belongs to the district of Harát, and on the other Zúzan. Khawáf con­tains one hundred villages and three towns (Sanján, Síráwand, and Kharjard).” Amín Rází in his excellent Haft Iqlím says that the district of Khawáf is famous for the kings, ministers, and learned men it has produced. The dynasty called, A´l i Muzaffar, of whom seven kings ruled for 59 years over Fáris and Shíráz,* were Khawáfís. The author of the Zakhíratulkhawánín says that the people of Khawáf were known to be bigoted Sunnís. When Sháh 'Abbás i Çafawí, in the beginning of his reign, came to Khawáf, he forced the inhabitants to abuse, as is customary with Shí'ahs, the com­panions of the Prophet (sabb i çihábah); but as the people refused to do so, he had seventy of the principal men thrown down from a Masjid. Although then no one was converted, the Khawáfís are now as stanch Shí'ahs as they were formerly bigoted Sunnís.

Khwájah Shamsuddín was the son of Khwájah 'Alá uddín, who was a man much respected in Khawáf. Shams accompanied Muzaffar Khán (No. 37), his countryman, to Bihár and Bengal. At the outbreak of the Military Revolt, he was caught by the rebels, and Ma'çúm i Kábulí had him tortured with a view of getting money out of him. Shams was half dead, when at the request of 'Arab Bahádur he was let off and placed under 'Arab's charge, who lay under obligations to him. But Shams eluded his vigilance, and fled to Singrám, Rájah of K'harakpúr (Bihár).* As the roads were all held by the rebels, Shams could not make his way to the Imperial army. He collected men, attacked the rebels, and carried off some of their cattle; and when some time after dissensions broke out among the mutineers, he found means to escape. Akbar received him with every distinction, and appointed him, in the same year (26th), to superintend the building of Fort Aṭak on the Indus, near which the Imperial camp then was.*

After this, Shams was for some time Díwán of Kábul. In the 39th year, when Qulij Khán (No. 42) after the death of Qásim Khán (No. 59) was made Çúbahdár of Kábul, Shams was made Díwán of the empire (Díwán i kul), vice Qulij.* When Akbar, in the 43rd year, after a residence of fourteen years in the Panjáb, moved to A´grah, to proceed to the Dak'hin, the Begums with Prince Khurram (Sháhjahán) were left in Lábor, and Shams was put in charge of the Panjáb, in which office he con­tinued, after Akbar's mother had returned, in the 44th year, with the Begums to A´grah.

Shams died at Láhor in the 45th year (1008). The family vault which he had built near Bábá Hasan Abdál having been used for other purposes (p. 425), he was buried in Láhor in that quarter of the town which he had built, and which to his honour was called Khawáfípúrah.

He is said to have been a man of simple manners, honest and faithful, and practical in transacting business.

Like Shaikh Faríd i Bukhárí (No. 99), whom he in many respects resembles, he died childless.

His brother, Khwájah Múmin Khawáfí, was made, on his death, Díwán of the Panjáb. Múmin's son, 'Abdul Kháliq, was a favourite of A´çaf Khán IV. (p. 369). He was killed by Mahábat Khán, when A´çaf had been removed by Mahábat from Fort Aṭak and imprisoned.

160. Jagat Singh, eldest of Rájah Mán Sing (No. 30).

Kuṉwar Jagat Singh served in the 42nd year under Mírzá Ja'far A´çaf Khán (No. 98) against Rájah Bású, zamíndár of Mau and Paṭ'hán (Núrpúr, N. E., Panjáb). In the 44th year (1008), when Akbar moved to Málwah, and Prince Salím (Jahángír) was ordered to move against Ráná Amr Singh, Mán Singh was called from Bengal, and Jagat Singh was ordered to go to Bengal as náib of his father. While still at A´grah, he died from excessive drinking. Regarding J. S.'s daughter, vide p. 310 and No. 175.

Mahá Sing, Jagat's younger son, was appointed in his stead. His youth and inexperience inclined the Afgháns under 'Usmán and Shujáwal Khán to attack him. They defeated him and Partáb Singh, son of Rájah Bhagwán Dás, (No. 336), near Bhadrak in Oṛísá (45th year). Mán Singh hastened to Bengal, and after defeating in 1009 the Afgháns near Sherpúr 'Atáí, between Shiúṛí (Sooree) in Bírbhúm and Murshidábád, recovered Lower Bengal and Oṛísá.

Mahá Singh died soon after, like his father, from excessive drinking.

161. Naqi´b Kha´n, son of Mír 'Abdullaṭíf of Qazwín.

Naqíb Khán is the title of Mír Ghiásuddín 'Alí. His family belongs to the Saifí Sayyids of Qazwín, who were known in I´rán for their Sunní tendencies. His grandfather Mír Yahyá was ‘a well known theologian and philosopher, who had acquired such extraordinary proficiency in the knowledge of history, that he was acquainted with the date of every event which had occurred from the establishment of the Muhammadan religion to his own time.’

‘In the opening of his career, Mír Yahyá was patronized by Sháh Ṭahmásp i Çafawí, who called him Yahyá Ma'çúm,* and was treated by the king with such distinction, that his enemies, envious of his good fortune, endeavoured to poison his patron's mind against him, by representing that he and his son, Mír 'Abdullaṭíf, were the leading men among the Sunnís of Qazwín. They at last prevailed so far as to induce the king, when he was on the borders of A´zarbáiján, to order Mír Yahyá and his son, together with their families, to be imprisoned at Içfahán. At that time, his second son, 'Alá-uddaulah was in A´zarbáiján, and sent off a special messenger to convey this intelligence to his father. Mír Yahyá being too old and infirm to fly, accompanied the king's messenger to Içfahán, and died there, after one year and nine months, in A. H. 962, at the age of 77 years.’*