Mírzá Hádí in his preface to Jahángír's Memoirs (the Tuzuk i Jahángírí) has the following remark (p. 6): ‘Rájah U´dai Sing is the son of Rájah Máldeo, who was so powerful that he kept up an army of 80,000 horse. Although Ráná Sánká, who fought with Firdaus-makání (Bábar) possessed much power, Máldeo was superior to him in the number of soldiers and the extent of territory; hence he was always victorious.’

From the Akbarnámah (Lucknow Edition, III. p. 183) we see that Mot'h Rájah accompanied in the 22nd year Çádiq Khán (No. 43), Rájah Askaran, and Ulugh Khán Habshí (No. 135) on the expedition against Madhukar (26th Rabí' I, 985). In the 28th year, he served in the Gujrát war with Muzaffar (Akbarnámah, III, 422).

Another daughter of Mot'h Rájah was married to Jaimall, son of Rúpsí (No. 118).

122. Khwa´jah Sha´h Mancu´r, of Shíráz.

Mançúr was at first Mushrif (accountant) of the Khúshbú Khánah (Perfume Department). Differences which he had with Muzaffar Khán (No. 37) induced Sh. Man­çúr to go to Jaunpúr, where Khán Zamán made him his Díwán. Subsequently he served Mun'im Khán Khánán in the same capacity. After Mun'im's death, he worked for a short time with Todar Mall in financial matters. In the 21st year (983), he was appointed by the emperor Vazír. He worked up all arrears, and applied himself to reform the means of collecting the land revenue. The custom then was to depend on experienced assessors for the annual rate of the tax; but this method was now found inconvenient, because the empire had become greater; for at different places the assessment differed, and people and soldiers suffered losses. For this reason, the Khwájah, in the 24th year, prepared a new rent roll, based upon the preceding Dahsálah roll, and upon the prices current in the 24th year. The empire itself which did not then include Oṛísá, T'hat'hah, Kashmír, and the Dak'hin, was divided into 12 parts, called Çúbahs; and to each çúbah a sipahsálar (Military Governor), a Díwán, a Bakhshí (Military Paymaster and Secretary), a Mír'Adl, a Çadr, a Kotwál, a Mír Bahr, and a Wáqi'ah Nawís (p. 258) were to be appointed. The strictness which the Khwájah displayed towards jágír-holders led to serious results. In the 25th year, he lowered the value of the jágírs of the grandees in Bengal by one-fourth of their former value, and those in Bihár by one-fifth. As Bengal and South Bihár were then not completely subjugated, and the Afgháns still mustered large forces in Eastern and Southern Bengal, in Oṛísá, and along the Western frontier of Bengal, Mançúr's rigour was impolitic; for Akbar's officers looked upon the old jágír emoluments as very moderate rewards for their readiness to fight the Afgháns. Akbar some time before, in consideration of the troubled state of both provinces, and the notorious climate of Bengal, had doubled the allowances of Bengal officers and increased by 50 per cent. the emoluments of those in Bihár. This Mançúr cut down: he allowed Bengal officers an increase of 50, and Bihár officers an increase of only 20 per cent. He then wrote to Muzaffar to enforce the new arrangements. But the dissatisfaction was also increased by the innovations of the emperor in religious matters, and his interference with Sayurghál tenures brought matters to a crisis. The jágír-holders in Jaunpúr, Bihár, and Bengal rebelled. That religious excitement was one of the causes of this Military revolt, which soon after was confined to Bengal, is best seen from the fact that not a single Hindú was on the side of the rebels.* Todar Mall tried to prevent the outbreak by reporting Mançúr and charging him with unnecessary harshness shewn especially towards Ma'çúm Khán i Farankhúdí (No. 157) and Muhammad Tarson (No. 32). Akbar deposed Mançúr and appointed temporarily Sháh Qulí Mahram (No. 45); but having satisfied himself of the justice of Mançúr's demands, he reinstated him in his office, to the great anxiety of the courtiers.

In the same year, Mírzá Muhammad Hakím, at Ma'çúm Khán i Kábulí's instiga­tion, threatened to invade the Panjáb, and Akbar prepared to leave for the north. Mançúr's enemies charged him with want of loyalty, and shewed Akbar letters in the hand-writing of Mírzá M. Hakím's Munshí, addressed to Mançúr. Accidentally Malik Sání, Hakím's Díwán, who had the title of Vazír Khán, left his master, and paid his respects to Akbar at Sonpaṭ. As he put up with Mançúr, new suspicions got afloat. Several words which Mançúr was said to have uttered, were construed into treason, and letters which he was said to have written to M. M. Hakím were sent to Akbar. Another letter from Sharaf Beg, his collector, was likewise handed to the emperor, in which it was said that Farídún Khán (maternal uncle to M. M. Hakím) had presented the Beg to the Mírzá. Akbar, though still doubtful, at the urgent solicitations of the grandees, gave orders to arrest Mançúr: he should remain in arrest till any of the grandees should stand bail for him; but as none dared to come forward, they ordered the Khidmat Rái (p. 252) to hang Man'çúr on a tree near Sarái Koṭ K'hachwah (beginning of 989).*

This foul murder gave the nobles the greatest satisfaction. But when Akbar came to Kábul (10th Rajab 989), he examined into Mançúr's treasonable correspondence. It was then found, to the sorrow of Akbar, that every letter which had been shewn to him had been a forgery, and that Mançúr was not guilty of even one of the malicious charges preferred against him.

It is said, though at the time it was perhaps not proved, that Karamullah, brother of Shahbáz Khán i Kambú (p. 402, l. 19) had written the letters, chiefly at the instigation of Rájah Todar Mall.

Mançúr had been Vazír for four years.

123. Qutlugh Qadam Kha´n, A´khtah-begí.*

The Turkish word qutlugh means mubárak, and qadam i mubárak, is the name given to stones bearing the impression of the foot of the Prophet. The Ṭabaqát calls him Qutlú, instead of Qutlugh, which confirms the conjecture in note 2, p. 356.

Qutlugh Qadam Khán was at first in the service of Mírzá Kámrán, and then went over to Humáyún.

In the 9th year of Akbar's reign, he assisted in the capture of Khwájah Mu'az­zam, and served in the same year in Málwah against 'Abdullah Khán Uzbak (No. 14). In the battle of Khairábád, he held a command in the van.

In the 19th year, he was attached to Mun'im's Bengal corps, and was present in the battle of Takaroí (p. 375). He was no longer alive in 1001.

His son, Asad (?) Khán, served under Prince Murád in the Dak'hin, and was killed by a cannon ball before Daulatábád.

124. 'Ali´ Quli´ Kha´n, Indarábí.

Indaráb is a town of Southern Qunduz. The straight line drawn from Kábul north-wards to Tálíkhán passes nearly through it.

'Alí Qulí had risen under Humáyún. When the Emperor left Kábul for Qanda­hár to enquire into the rumours regarding Bairám's rebellion, he appointed 'Alí Qulí governor of Kábul. Later, he went with Humáyún to India.

In the first year of Akbar's reign, he served under 'Alí Qulí Khán Zamán (No. 13) in the war with Hemú, and accompanied afterwards Khizr Khwájah (p. 365, note 2) on his unsuccessful expedition against Sikandar Súr.

In the fifth year, he served under Atgah Khán (No. 15), and commanded the van in the fight in which Bairám was defeated.

The Ṭabaqát says that he was commander of Two Thousand, and was dead in 1001.

125. 'A´dil Kha´n, son of Sháh Muhammad i Qalátí (No. 95).