Mírzá Sháh Husain Arghún, king of T'hat'hah, had Bhakkar fortified, and appointed as Commander his foster-brother Sulṭán Mahmúd. After Sháh Husain's death, Sulṭán Mahmúd declared himself independent at Bhakkar, and Mírzá 'I´sá Tar­khán (p. 362) at T'hat'hah. Both were often at war with each other. Sulṭan Mah­múd is said to have been a cruel man.

As Bhakkar was conquered and annexed before T'hat'hah, it was attached to the Çúbah of Multán.

[Muhibb 'Ali´ Kha´n Rahta´si´].

Like Muhibb 'Alí Khán, son of Mír Khalífah, Muhibb 'Alí Khán Rahtásí is put in the Ṭabaqát among the Commanders of Four Thousand. It is impossible to say why Abulfazl has not mentioned him in this list. His name, however, occurs fre­quently in the Akbarnámah and other histories. As he was a long time Governor of Rahtás in S. Bihár, he is generally called Rahtásí. This renowned Fort had passed, in 945, into the hands of Sher Sháh. During his reign, as also that of Salím Sháh, Fath Khán Batní commanded the Fort. Subsequently it came into the hands of Sulaimán and Junaid i Kararání. The latter appointed Sayyid Muhammad com­mander. As related above (p. 400), he handed it over to Shahbáz Khán (No. 80), at the time of the war with Gajpatí and his son Srí Rám (984).

In the same year, Akbar appointed Muhibb 'Alí Khán governor of Rahtás, and Shahbáz Khán made over the Fort to him.

Muhibb rendered excellent services during the Bengal Military Revolt. His son also, Habíb 'Alí Khán (vide No. 133), distinguished himself by his bravery, but was killed in a fight with one Yúsuf Miṭṭí, who had collected a band of Afgháns and ravaged S. Bihár. His death affected his father so much, that he became temporarily insane.

In the 31st year, two officers having been appointed to each Çúbah, Muhibb was ordered to join Vazír Khán (No. 41), Governor of Bengal. In the 33rd year, Bihár was given to the Kachhwáhahs as jágír, and Akbar called Muhibb to Court, intending to make him governor of Multán. But as the emperor was just about to leave for Kashmír (997), Muhibb accompanied him.

Soon after entering Kashmír, Muhibb took ill, and died, on the emperor's return, near the Koh i Sulaimán. Akbar went to his sick-bed and saw him the moment he died.

In the Akbarnámah (III, p. 245) a place Muhibb 'Alípúr* is mentioned, which Muhibb founded near Rahtás.

108. Sulta´n Khwa´jah, 'Abdul 'Azím, son of Khwájah Kháwand Dost.

He is also called Sulṭán Khwájah Naqshbandí.* His father Kháwand Dost was a pupil of Khwájah 'Abdushshahíd, fifth son of Khwájah 'Abdullah (generally called Khwájagán Khwájah; vide No. 17, p. 322), son of the renowned saint Khwájah Náçiruddín Ahrár (born 806, died 29th Rabí' I, 895).

When 'Abdushshahíd came from Samarqand to India, he was well received by Akbar, and got as present the Parganah Chamárí. He remained there some time, but returned in 982 to Samarqand, where he died two years later.

Sulṭan Khwájah, though neither learned in the sciences nor in taçawwuf (mysti­cism), had yet much of the saintly philosopher in him. He possessed in a high degree the confidence and the friendship of the emperor. In 984, he was made Mír Hajj, and as such commanded a numerous party of courtiers during the pilgrimage to Makkah. Never before had so influential a party left for Arabia: Sulṭán Khwájah was to distribute six lacs of rupees and 12000 khil'ats to the people of Makkah.

On his return in 986 (23rd year), he was made a Commander of One Thousand, and appointed Çadr of the realm (p. 273). He held that office till his death, which took place in the 29th year (992). He was buried outside the Fort of Fathpúr, to the north.

His daughter, in the beginning of the 30th year, was married to Prince Dányál.

His son, Mír Khwájah, was in the 46th year a Commander of 500.

According to Badáoní and Abulfazl, Sulṭán Khwájah belonged to the elect of the ‘Divine Faith’ (vide p. 204).

109. Khwa´jah 'Abdullah, son of Khwájah 'Abdullaṭíf.

His name is not given in the Maásir and the Ṭabaqát. The Akbarnámah mentions a Khwájah 'Abdullah who served in the war against 'Abdullah Khán Uzbak (No. 14), in Málwah (971-72), during the last rebellion of Khán Zamán (No. 13), and in the fight at Sarnál (middle Sha'bán, 980; vide p. 333). He also accompanied the emperor on his forced march to Patan and Ahmadábád. Vide the Lucknow Edition of the Akbarnámah, II, 285, 287, 367; III, 24.

110. Khwa´jah Jaha´n, Amíná of Harát.

His full name is Khwájah Amínuddín Mahmúd of Harát. The form Amíná is modern I´rání, which likes to add a long á to names.

Amín was an excellent accountant and a distinguished calligrapher. He accom­panied Humáyún on his flight to Persia. On the return of the emperor, he was made Bakhshí of Prince Akbar.

On Akbar's accession, Amín was made a Commander of One Thousand, and received the title of Khwájah Jahán. He was generally employed in financial work, and kept the great seal. In the 11th year, he was accused by Muzaffar Khán (No. 37) of want of loyalty shewn in the rebellion of Khán Zamán. Amín was reprimanded, the great seal was taken from him, and he was dismissed to Makkah.

On his return, he was pardoned. In the 19th year (981-82), Akbar besieged Hájí­púr; but Amín had been compelled by sickness to remain behind at Jaunpúr. When the emperor returned from Hájípúr over Jaunpúr to A´grah, Amín followed him. On the march, he was once charged by a mast elephant: his foot got entangled in a tent rope, and he fell to the ground. The accident had an injurious effect on Amín, convalescent as he was. He died near Lak'hnau, in the beginning of Sha'bán, 982.

According to the chronology of the Ṭabaqát, his death took place in 983.

A son of Amín's brother is mentioned. His name was Mírzá Beg. He was a poet and wrote under the takhalluç of Shahrí. He withdrew from Court, and died in 989.

Jahángír also conferred the title of Khwájah Jahán on the officer (Dost Muham­mad of Kábul) who had served him as Bakhshí while Prince.

111. Ta´ta´r Kha´n, of Khurásán.

His name is Khwájah Ṭáhir Muhammad. In the 8th year, he accompanied Sháh Budágh Khán (No. 52) and Rúmí Khán (No. 146), and pursued Mír Sháh 'Abul Ma'álí, who withdrew from Hiçár Fírúzah to Kábul.

He was then made governor of Dihlí, where he died in 986.

The Ṭabaqát says, he was for some time Vazír, and died in 985.

Regarding his enmity with Mullá Núruddín Tarkhán, vide Badáoní III, 199.

112. Haki´m Abulfath, son of Mullá 'Abdurrazzáq of Gílán.