Sháham Khán was made an Amír by Akbar.

In the beginning of the 4th year (966), he served together with the two Jaláirs mentioned below, Hájí Muhammad Khán i Sístání (No. 55), Chalmah Beg (58), Kamál Khán Ghakkar, and Qiyá Khán Gung (No. 33), under Khan Zamán (No. 13) in the Jaunpúr District against the Afgháns. The war continued till the sixth year, in which Sher Sháh, son of 'Adlí, Mubáriz Khán, after Bairám's death, made a final attempt to overthrow the Mughuls. In the 10th year, Sh. Kh. served against Khán Zamán.

In the 19th year, he served under Mun'im in the Bengal and Oṛísá wars, was present in the battle of Takaroí and pursued with Todar Mall the Afgháns to Bhadrak (p. 375). After Mun'im's death at Gaur (p. 376), the grandees put Sh. Kh. in command of the army till the Emperor should send a new commander. In the 21st year, he took part in the battle near A´g Mahall (p. 331). In the 24th year, he was jágírdár of Hájípúr (opposite Patna). After Muzaffar's death (No. 37) in 988, before Todar Mall had arrived, he defeated and killed Sa'íd i Badakhshí, one of the Bengal rebels. Subsequently, he pursued 'Arab Bahádúr, whom Shahbáz Khán (p. 400) had defeated. In the 26th year, Sh. Kh. was stationed at Narhan. In this year, Ma'çúm Khán i Farankhúdí (No. 157) had been driven by the imperialists from Bahráich over Kalyánpúr to Muhammadábád, which he plundered, and prepared to attack Jaunpúr. Sh. Kh. from Narhan, Paháṛ Khán (No. 407) from Gházípúr, and Qásim from Jaldpúr, united their contingents, and pursued Ma'çúm so effectually, that he applied to M. 'Azíz Kokah, to intercede for him with the Emperor. In the 32nd year, he was made Governor of Gaḍha, and soon after, of Dihlí. In the end of the same year, he accompanied Sulṭán Murád, who conducted M. Sulaimán (No. 5) to court. In the beginning of the 33rd year, he assisted Çádiq Khán (No. 43) in his expedition against Jalálah Táríkí in Teráh.

In the 43rd year, after a stay of fourteen years in the Panjáb, Akbar made Dihlí his residence. It was proved that Sh. had been oppressive, and he was therefore repri­manded. Two years later, he served in the A´sír war, and died during the siege of that fort, Zí Hajjah, 1009.

The Ṭabaqát says that Sháham Khán was in 1001, a Commander of Two Thousand.

The Akbarnámah mentions two other Jaláir Grandees—

1. Sulṭán Husain Khán Jaláir. He was mentioned above, p. 384, l. 2.

2. Muhammad Khán Jaláir. The Ṭabáqat says of him, ‘he is an old Amír, and is at present (1001) mad.’ He served under Khán Zamán in the war with Hemú. In the beginning of the 4th year, all three Jaláirs served under Khán Zamán against the Afgháns in the Jaunpúr District.

98. A´saf Kha´n (III.), [Mírzá Qiwámuddín] Ja'far Beg, son of Badí'uzzamán of Qazwín.

His father Mírzá Badí'uzzamán was the son of A´ghá Mullá Dawátdár of Qazwín (vide p. 369). M. Badí', during the reign of Sháh Ṭahmásp, had been vazír of Káshán, and Ja'far had also been introduced at the Persian Court.

In the 22nd year of Akbar's reign (985), Ja'far Beg came to India, and was pre­sented to Akbar by his uncle M. Ghiásuddín 'Alí A´çaf Khán II. (No. 126), on his return from the I´dar expedition. The new Dágh law having then been introduced (vide p. 242), Akbar made Ja'far a Commander of Twenty (Bístí) and attached him to the Dákhilís (p. 232) of his uncle. According to Badáoní (III., 216) people attributed this minimum of royal favour to the malice of Ja'far's uncle. The post was so low, that Ja'far threw it up in disgust, and went to Bengal, to which province Muzaffar Khán (No. 37) had just been appointed governor. He was with him, when the Bengal military revolt broke out, and fell together with Shamsuddín i Kháfí (No. 159) into the hands of the rebels. Ja'far and Shams found means to escape, the former chiefly through his winning manners. On arriving at Fathpúr, Ja'far met with a better reception than before, was in a short time made a Commander of Two Thousand, and got the title of A´çaf Khán. He was also appointed Mír Bakhshí, vice Qází 'Alí. In his first expedition, against the Ráná of Udaipúr, A´çaf was successful.

In the 32nd year, he was appointed T'hánahdár of Sawád (Swat), vice Ismá'íl Qulí Khán, who had been reprimanded (p. 361, where for Waijúr read Bijor). In the 37th year, Jalálah Raushání fled to 'Abdullah Khán Uzbak, king of Túrán; but finding no support, he returned to Teráh, and stirred up the A´frídí and U´rakzaí Afgháns. A´çaf was sent against him, and with the assistance of Zain Khán Kokah, defeated Jalálah. The family of the rebel fell into the hands of the imperialists; his women were given to Wahdat 'Alí, who was said to be Jalálah's brother, while the other members of his family were taken to Court.

In the 39th year, A´çaf was sent to Kashmír, M. Yúsuf Khán (No. 35) having been recalled. He re-distributed the lands of the Jágír holders, of whom Ahmad Beg Kábulí (No. 191), Muhammad Qulí Afshár, and Hasan 'Arab, were the most important. The cultivation of Za'farán (saffron, vide p. 84) and hunting were declared monopolies, and the revenue was fixed according to the assessment of Qází 'Alí, i. e., at one lac of kharwárs, at 24 dáms each (vide p. 346). A´çaf only stayed three days in Kashmír, and returned to Láhor. In the 42nd year, when Kashmír had become all but desolated through the oppressions of the Jágír holders, A´çaf was made Governor of the province. In the 44th year, (beginning of 1008), he was appointed Díwán i kul, vice Patr Dás (No. 196).

In 1013, Prince Salím (Jahángír) rebelled against Akbar; but a reconciliation was effected by Akbar's mother, and Salím was placed for twelve days under surveil­lance. After this, he received Gujrát as tuyúl, and gave up the Çúbahs of Iláhábád and Bihár, of which during his rebellion he had taken possession. Bihár was given to A´çaf who, moreover, was appointed to a Command of Three Thousand.

On Jahángír's accession, A´çaf was called to court, and appointed atálíq to Prince Parwíz, who had taken the command against the Ráná. The expedition was, however, interrupted by the rebellion of Prince Khusrau. In the 2nd year, 1015, Jahángír, after suppressing Khusrau's revolt, left Láhor for Kábul, and as Sharíf Khán Amír ul Umará remained dangerously ill in India, A´çaf was made Vakíl and Commander of Five Thousand. He also received a pen-box studded with jewels.* But he never trusted Jahángír, as the Emperor himself found out after A´çaf's death (Tuzuk, p. 109).