Sayyid Ahmad's son, S. Jamáluddín, was killed by the untimely explosion of a mine during the siege of Chítor (p. 368).

This S. Jamáluddín must not be confounded with the notorious S. Jamáluddín who was executed in 993 (Badáoní II, 345). He was a grandson of S. Mahmúd (No. 75), S. Qásim being called his uncle.

92. Ka´kar 'Ali´ Kha´n i Chishtí.

He came with Humáyún to Hindústán. In the 11th year (973), he was sent together with Sháh Qulí Náranjí (No. 231) to Gaḍha-Katangah, because Mahdí Qásim Khán (No. 36) had gone without leave to Makkah. Kákar served also under Mu'izzul-Mulk (No. 61), and was present in the battle of Khairábád. He took part in the bloody fight at Sarnál (middle of Sha'bán, 980; vide p. 333). He was then attached to Mun'im's corps, and served in the siege of Patna, during which he and his son were killed (end of 981; Maásir, 980).

93. Rai´ Kalya´n Mall, Zamíndár of Bíkánír.

He is the father of Rái Singh (No. 44), and has been mentioned above, p. 357.

94. Ta´hir Kha´n, Mír Farághat, son of Mír Khurd, who was atálíq to Prince Hindál.

His name is not given in the Maásir. The Ṭabaqát merely says that he was a grandee of Humáyún, and reached, during the reign of Akbar, the rank of a Com­mander of Two Thousand. According to the same work, he had a son Báqí Khán, who likewise served under Akbar.

From the Akbarnámah (Lucknow Edition, II, p. 274) we see that he was one of Akbar's companions. Together with Dastam Khán (No. 79), Qutluq Qadam Khán (No. 123), Peshrau Khán (No. 280), Hakím ul Mulk, Muqbil Khán, Shimál Khán (No. 154), he assisted in the capture of the wild and mad Khwájah Mu'azzam, brother of Akbar's mother.

95. Sha´h Muhammad Kha´n of Qalát.

As Qalát belongs to Qandahár, he is often called Sháh Muhammad Khán i Qandahárí. The Maásir says, that the name of the town of Qalát is generally spelt with a <Arabic>, Q; but that the Hazárahs pronounce Kalát, with a K.

Sháh Muhammad Khán was a friend of Bairám, and was with him in Qandahár, which Humáyún had given Bairám as jágír. Bairám, however, left it entirely in S. M.'s hands. Bahádur Khán (No. 22) was then Governor of Dáwar, and had bribed several grandees to hand over Qandahár to him; but S. M. discovered the plot and killed the conspirators. Bahádur then marched against Qandahár. S. M. knew that he could expect no assistance from Humáyún, and wrote to Sháh Ṭahmásp of Per­sia that it was Humáyún's intention to cede Qandahár; he should therefore send troops, defeat Bahádur, and take possession of the town. Ṭahmásp sent 3000 Turkmán troopers furnished by the jágírdárs of Sístán, Faráh, and Garmsír. Their leader, 'Alí Yár, surprised Bahádur and defeated him so completely, that Bahádur could not even keep Dáwar. He therefore fled to India. S. M. had thus got rid of one danger; he treated the Persian Commander with all submissiveness, but would not hand over the town. Sháh Ṭahmásp then ordered his nephew, Sulṭán Husain Mírzá, son of Bahrám Mírzá (vide No. 8, p. 313), Walí Khalífah Shámlü, and others, to besiege Qandahár. The siege had lasted for some time, when Sulṭán Husain Mírzá felt disgusted and withdrew. Ṭahmásp felt annoyed, and sent again Sulṭán Husain Mírzá with 'Alí Sulṭán, Governor of Shíráz, to Qandahár with positive orders to take the town. 'Alí Sulṭán was shot during the siege, and Sulṭán Husain Mírzá remained encamped before the town without doing anything. At this juncture, Akbar, who in the meantime had succeeded to the throne, ordered S. M. to hand over Qandahár to the Persians, according to Humáyún's promise, and come to India.

This account of the cession of Qandahár, observes the author of the Maásir, differs from Munshí Sikandar's version in his great work entitled 'A´lamárái Sikandarí. According to that history, Ṭahmásp, at the very first request of Sháh Muhammad, sent Sulṭán Husain Mírzá with Walí Khalífah and other nobles to Qandahár. They defeated Bahádur; but as S. M. would not hand over Qandahár, Ṭahmásp sent 'Alí Sulṭán with a stronger army, and appointed Sulṭán Husain Mírzá governor of Dáwar and Qandahár. Sháh Muhammad held out for six months; but as he got no assistance from India, he capitulated, and withdrew to Hindústán.

Be this as it may, S. M. arrived in the end of the third year of Akbar's reign in India, was made a Khán, and gradually rose to the rank of a Commander of Two Thousand. In the beginning of the 6th year (968), he led the van in the battle near Sárangpúr, in which Báz Bahádur lost Málwah, and served, in the 9th year, in the war against 'Abdullah Khán Uzbak (No. 14). In the 12th year, he was made governor of Kot'ha. In the 17th year, he was among the auxiliaries of Mírzá 'Azíz Kokah, and was wounded in the battle of Patan (p. 396).

Regarding 'A´dil Khán, S. M.'s son, vide below, No. 125.

96. Rai´ Surjan Háḍá.

He is often merely called Rái Háḍá. The Háḍás are a branch of the Chauháns. The Sirkár of Rantanbhúr is called after them Háḍautí.

Rái Surjan was at first in the service of the Ráná, and defied the Mughuls, because he thought himself safe in Rantanbhúr. Akbar, after the conquest of Chítor (p. 368), besieged in the end of the 13th year, Rantanbhúr, and R. S., despairing of holding out longer—the siege having lasted about a month—sent his sons Daudá and Bhoj (No. 175) to Akbar's camp to sue for peace. The Emperor received them well, and gave each a dress of honor. When they were taken behind the tent enclosure to put on the garments, one of their men, suspecting foul play, rushed sword in hand towards the audience tent, and killed several people, among them Shaikh Baháuddín Majzúb of Badáon, but was cut down by one of Muzaffar Khán's men. As R. S.'s sons were entirely innocent, the accident did not change Akbar's goodwill towards them; and he sent them back to their father. At R. S.'s request, Husain Qulí Khán (No. 24) was then sent to the Fort and escorted R. S. to the Emperor. Rantanbhúr was annexed (Shawwál, 976, or beginning of the 14th year).

R. S. was made Governor of Gaḍha-Katangah from where, in the 20th year, he was transferred to Fort Chanáḍh (Chunár).

Soon after, Daudá fled and created disturbances in Búndí. Zain Khán Kokah (No. 34), R. S. and his second son Bhoj were therefore sent to Búndí, which was con­quered in the beginning of 985. After the conquest, R. S. was made a commander of Two Thousand. Daudá who had escaped, submitted, in the 23rd year, to Shahbáz Khán (p. 400). Not long after, Daudá fled again. He died in the 30th year.

R. S. served in the 25th year, after Muzaffar's (No. 37) death, in Bihár. The Maásir does not mention the year of his death. From the Ṭabaqát, it is clear, that he had been dead for some time in 1001.

For R. S.'s son, Rái Bhoj, vide below, No. 175.

97. Sha´ham Kha´n Jaláir.

Jaláir is the name of a Chaghtái tribe.

Sháham's father was Bábá Beg, who had been under Humáyún governor of Jaunpúr. Bábá Beg took also part in the battle of Chausá, in which Humáyún was defeated by Sher Sháh. The Emperor fled to A´grah, and ordered Bábá Beg and other grandees to bring up the camp and the Begums. In attempting to rescue the ladies of the Harem, Bábá Beg was killed by an Afghán near the imperial tent.