One of the occurrences was the defeat of the Pātkunwar.* When Lacsmī Narain, the ruler of Koc, submitted himself, and was exalted, envy made his competitor mad. He collected an army and took possession of some territory. Lacsmī Narain retired into a fortress and begged the help of Rajah Mān Singh. A chosen force under the command of Jajhār K. and Fatḥ K. Sūr hastened to the spot. On the 22nd Ardībihisht (3 May 1597) they arrived there and after a great contest defeated (the Pātkunwar). Many were killed, and many were made prisoners, and much plunder was obtained. On the 23rd the august standards reached Bhimbhar, and the quarters of Mīr Murād the local fief-holder were brightened by the advent of H.M. The victorious troops were divided into ten sections. 1st, H.M. with some special men. 2nd, the ladies of the harem; and the writer was, with some men, put in charge of this ⁷²⁵ party. 3rd, the Prince-Royal and his men. The other seven were the guards for each day (of the week). On 1st Khurdād, 11 May 1597, the first defile was surmounted. On the 6th (Khurdād), which was the day of Jashn,* the halt was made at Rajaurī, and the Prince came to the presence without permission. On the ronte some impro­priety* occurred, and for a while he was in disgrace and not allowed to pay his respects. The writer of the jewelled book was sent for in order that he might inquire into the matter. On account of the exceeding love of the world's lord and the contrition of the nursling of dominion he (Salīm) was pardoned.

On this day it was represented to H.M. that Khwājagī* Fatḥ Ullah had misbehaved in the matter of guarding the road, and that one of the Prince-Royal's servants had been killed. H.M. sent him (Fatḥ Ullah) to the Prince in order that he might be punished. The latter was delighted at this graciousness and treated him with favour and sent him back to service. On the 8th the Prince obtained permission to proceed* as before, and the writer was also appointed to this service On the 11th H.M. marched from Pustīāna, and crossed the Pīr Panjāl, cutting and treading down the snow. A halt was made in Nārī Barārī at the lodging which Muḥammad Qulī Beg had prepared.

In this year the commotion of Bahādur ceased. He was the son of Moaffar Gujrātī. When the latter died in failure, his son took shelter with Tīwārī,* and he hid him and supported him. At the time when many of the fief-holders were serving the Prince in the South, Bahādur raised the head of sedition. Base, fly-like crea­tures joined him, and the town of Dandūqa was plundered. Rajah Sūraj Singh and some men took the resolution of fighting. On this day the troops were drawn up on both sides and there was some fighting among the skirmishers. By the good fortune of the Shāh­inshāh that rebel was put to flight.

On the 14th, great Passes were traversed and H.M. halted at Hīrapūr. From this stage he went on to behold the spectacle of the Spring in Jamāl Nagarī,* and an order was given that the camp should keep the high road and enter the city. In old times this was a capital, and its ruin told an instructive tale. The plain expanded the melancholy heart. According to orders this hum­blest of individuals came to this pleasant place from Hīrapūr, and was exalted by performing the prostration at the holy threshold On the 19th H.M. spread out his tent in Punj Brāra* (Bij-Behara). The ladies joined him here. Near this place M. Yūsuf K. had thought of making a city on the top of a ridge. H.M. went to the spot, and gave it the name of Akbarnagar, and made over the estab­lishing of it to Muḥammad Qulī Beg. At this stage the Prince-Royal performed the kornish. On the 23rd he proceeded with some intimates up the river and first halted at Anca.* From there he went to Machī²* Bhavan and enjoyed himself and then took boat near Khānpul.* On both banks there were delightful meadows. H.M. enjoyed the pleasures of hunting.

One of the occurrences was the taking of the fort of Mau. Rajah Bāsū, on account of ill fortune and the strength of the posi­tion, took the road of ingratitude. He won over many proprietors to his side. When the victorious troops proceeded there, some land­holders separated (from Bāsū) and joined them. That turbulent one entered the difficult fortress. The victorious troops invested it, but interested motives withheld them from prosecuting the task. When, by orders, M. Rustum set off for the court, the other servants made a compact of concord and addressed the foot of resolution to service. For two months great valour was displayed. In one place was Āṣaf K. with a number of strenuous men; on another was Tāsh Beg K. with some brave men. Hāshim Beg was there with some noted men and Muḥammad K. with a party of servants. On the 24th that slumbrous-witted one came out and took shelter in another strong place. The imperial servants took the fort and plundered the dwellings. They burnt his house and home. On the 26th M. Rustum did homage near Pampūr,* and was exalted by princely favours. On the 27th H.M. encamped near Koh-i-Soli­mān, and he went to visit the Dall Lake. From there he went to see Amartasar* which is a famous temple in that country. Near it is a delightful fountain. H.M. travelled 105 kos in 34 days. He halted on the way one month and five days. On the 28th he cast the shadow of his fortune on the city of Nāgarnagar.* Near Srīnagar there is a high hill, and there is a large reservoir (ābgīrī) near it. The far-seeing prince had chosen this place as the site of a city, and M. Yūsuf K. had, under his orders, peopled it. He built some resi­dences and laid the foundation of an earthen wall. Suitable quar­ters were also provided for the soldiers. H.M. took up his abode in the quarters of Muḥammad Qulī Beg on the banks of the lake. An order was given that the fort should be made of stone. Every por­tion of the work was assigned to an officer. On this day it was shown how the commotion of that native of Ghor (ghorīzāda)* had arisen, and how it had been quelled by the report of the august expedition. He who had delivered him up received the reward of his good service. It also appeared that much evil had been caused by the tyrrany of the fief-holders. In their ignorance of affairs they demanded the whole rent in money and sought for gold and silver from that country which was regulated by the division of crops. H.M. made remittances to crowds of men, and established choice regulations. The oppressors received their punishment. And kind­ness was shown to the injured cultivators. The whole country was divided into fourteen portions, and to each of these two bitikcīs (accountants), one an Indian and the other a Persian, were sent so that they might study the settlement-papers (khām kāghaz) of ⁷²⁷ every* village and might ascertain the extent of the cultivated and uncultivated land, and of the collections, and might reckon one half of the produce as the share of the ruler,* and return any excess. Though they (the fief-holders?) always spoke about three heaps* (of produce), yet they claimed the third share of the tenant's uncul­tivated land. An arrangement was made for cultivated and uncul­tivated land. When the settlement was for more than ten years, one-sixth share was taken for the first year, one-fourth for the second, one-third for the third, and one-half for the fourth. When the settlement was for from ten to four years, one-fifth was the share for the first year, one-third for the second, and the usual rate (one-half) for the third. (When the settlement was) for from four to two years the share was one-third for the first year, and for the second one-half. In a short time great comfort was produced.

On account* of the deficiency of rain and the dispersal of the husbandmen, prices became somewhat high. Though by the coming of the victorious army the scarcity was increased, yet the Shāhin­shāh's graciousness provided a remedy. By his orders twelve places were prepared in the city for the feeding of great and small (i.e. young and old). Every Sunday a general proclamation was made in the 'Īdgāh, and some went from the palace and bestowed food and presents on the applicants. Eighty thousand necessitous persons—more or less—received their hearts' desires. A great many persons also got their livelihood by the building of the fort. By means of the pay for their labour they were brought out from the straits of want. At this time some attention was paid to miscellaneous imposts. Fifty-five censurable customs were abolished. The husbandmen for a long time paid* these, and until the order of remission took effect they did not believe in it (the abolition). The case* of the saffron is one of these. The Government share of the produce was divided among the bazaar-people and the husbandmen to be cleaned. Though out of eleven traks, one was given as wages, yet two sīrs of dried saffron and buds (?) were exacted, and there was great loss, especially in the time of rain. It was also an old custom that the cultivator should cut and bring some wood from a distance. Otherwise they lost their pay. Similarly they took money from the carpenter, the weaver and other workmen. On 2 Tīr H.M. went to see the new quarters. M. Yūsuf K. had put up beautiful buildings on the top of a small hill near Nāgarnagar for the repose of H.M. On the 6th he went to Shihābū-d-dīn-pūr, and from there he proceeded to Lain Lankā.* When he came to the lake there were high waves, the boat was taken to the bank and he rested by the skirt of the mountain. In the morning he went to that charming spot, and got new enlighten­ment. On the 9th something improper happened on the part of the Prince-Royal while he was traversing that great lake. Khwāja Bhūl got angry* and conveyed a message from the Shāhinshāh. The Prince was angry at his rude words, and the gracious sovereign consoled him by cutting the tip of his (the Khwāja's) tongue. Meanwhile, by orders of the Shāhinshāh, a ghrīb³* (vessel) such as those used at sea, was prepared. High and low were astonished, and on the 20th he sate in it and witnessed the spectacle of the river Behat (Jhelam).