33. Qiya´ Kha´n Gung.

Qiyá is a Turkish word and means zeb, ornament. Gung, if it is the Persian word, means ‘dumb.’ He served under Humáyún, and held Kol Jalálí. On the approach of Hemú, he joined Tardí Beg (No. 12) in Dihlí, and retreated with him. After Hemú's defeat, Qiyá was sent to A´grah, and was raised to the dignity of a commander of Five Thousand. Several parganahs in Gwáliár having been given to him as tuyúl, Qiyá Khán, in the 2nd year of Akbar's reign, besieged Gwáliár, which was held by Bhíl Khán, a general of Salím Sháh, during whose reign Gwáliár had been the capital of the empire. Bhíl Khán, thinking it impossible to hold the Fort for a long time, wished* to hand it over for a consideration to Rájah Rámsáh, whose ancestors had held Gwáliár, when Qiyá Khán arrived, and after defeating the Rájah, prepared himself to besiege Bhíl Khán. When Akbar, in 966, came to A´grah, he sent a detachment to assist Qiyá, and Bhíl Khán submitted.

He was a friend of Bairám, but was the first that left him and joined Akbar.

A few years later, Qiyá Khán joined Khán Zamán's rebellion, but repented and was pardoned, at the request of Mun'im Khán.

After the first conquest of Bengal, Q. Kh. was sent to Orissa, to settle matters. He remained in Orissa and Bengal during the Bengal rebellion, and when, in the 25th year, the Imperialists withdrew from that country, Qutlú Khán seized upon Orissa, and besieged Qiyá Khán in some fort. Deserted by his soldiers, Q. Kh. was killed (989).*

Tardí Khán (No. 101), his son, was a Commander of Fifteen Hundred. He accompanied Prince Dányál to the Dak'hin, but fell later in disgrace. In the 49th year, he was restored and promoted to a command of Two Thousand Five Hundred, and got a present of 5 lacs of Rupees.

34. Zain Kha´n,* son of Khwájah Maqçúd of Harát.

His father, Khwájah Maqçúd 'Alí, was a servant of Akbar's mother. The name of his mother was Píchah Ján Anagah; she was one of Akbar's nurses. On Humáyún's flight to Persia, Maqçúd was always near the howdah of Akbar's mother, and remained attached to her in all her misfortunes. His brother was Khwájah Hasan (Zain Khán's uncle), whose daughter married Prince Salím. She is the mother of Prince Parwíz.

In 993, Mírzá Muhammad Hakím, Akbar's brother, had died, and Akbar crossed the Indus for Zábulistán. Zain Khán was at that time a commander of Two Thousand and Five Hundred, and was sent against the Yúsufzaís. This tribe, says Abulfazl, had formerly been in Qarábágh and Qandahár, and had invaded Kábul, where a great number of them were killed by M. Ulugh Beg. The remainder settled at Lamghánát, and subsequently at Ishtaghar. For the last one hundred years, they had held the territory of Bajor, and were notorious robbers. In Bajor, there was also a tribe of the name of Sulṭání, who traced their descent to a daughter of Sulṭán Sikandar. The Yúsufzaís deprived them treacherously of their district; a few of the Sulṭánídes, however, remained in Waijúr from attachment to their old country.

On a former occasion, when Akbar had moved against M. Muhammad Hakím, the chiefs of the Yúsufzaís submitted, and one of them, Kálú, went with Akbar to A´grah and was hospitably treated. He fled, however, but was caught by Shamsuddín Kháfí (No. 159) near Aṭak, and was sent back; and although Akbar continued to treat him kindly, he fled again and stirred up his countrymen.

Zain Khán moved into the District of Waijúr (north of Pasháwar), and punished the Yúsufzaís. Several chiefs asked for pardon. After this he erected a fort in Jakdarah, in the middle of the country, and defeated the enemies in twenty-three fights. He had at last to ask for reinforcements, and Akbar sent to him Rájah Bír Baṛ and Hakím Abul Faith with some troops. Zain Khán asked them to attack the Afgháns, whilst he would occupy the conquered districts, or he would attack the enemies, and they should hold the district. But Bír Baṛ and Hakím Abul Fath, who were no friends of Zain Khán, proposed that they should attack the Yúsufzaís together, and then go back. Z. Kh. said, it would not do to return without better results from a country which had cost so many sacrifices; else, the best thing they could do, was to return the same way they had come. But to this they would not listen, and returned by another road (over <Arabic>). Z. Kh. paid no attention to their insubordination and joined them, chiefly because he was afraid they would denounce him at Court. As soon as the Afgháns saw the Imperialists returning, they attacked them in every narrow valley. On passing the Girewah* Balandrí (<Arabic>), Z. Kh. who commanded the rear chandáwal), was so severely attacked, that he had to face them. Arrows and stones were showered from all sides on the Imperialists, the soldiers got bewildered, and the horses ran into the train of elephants. Many lives were lost. Z. Kh., unable to prevent a rout, rushed among the Afgháns seeking death, when Jánish Bahádur (No. 235) got hold of the reins of his horse, and led him by force out of the melée. In the greatest disorder the Imperialists reached the next station, when the mere rumour of an approach of the Afgháns dispersed the soldiers. In the darkness of night most of them lost their way, and several detachments entered the valleys occupied by the Afgháns. The enemies being engaged in plundering, they were at first safe; but next day they were all cut off. This was the occasion when Bír Baṛ with 500 officers fell (vide p. 204).

In the 31st year (994), Z. Kh. operated successfully against the Mahmands and Ghorís near Pasháwar, who under their chief Jaláluddín Raushání had committed numerous predations. In the next year, Z. Kh. was made governor of Zábulistán vice Mán Singh, and moved, in the 33rd year, against the Yúsufzaís. After eight months' fighting, they submitted, but Z. Kh. insisted on occupying their territory. He followed the same policy as before, and erected a large Fort on the banks of the river Pajkorah (or Panjkorah) (<Arabic>), where their district commences. During the festival of the 'I´d i Qurbání (Baqr 'I´d, in Zí Hajjah), he surprised the Afgháns, and took possession of the whole district, erecting a fort wherever he thought necessary, and leaving in each a sufficient number of soldiers.* (Vide No. 46.)

In the 35th year, he was sent to punish several rebellious zamíndárs in the Himálayas. Most of them, as Rájah Budí (Badhí) Chand of Nagarkoṭ (vide p. 330), Rái Pertáb of Mánkoṭ, Rájah Parisrám of Mount Jamú, Rájah Bású of Mau, Rái Balbhadr of Lak'hinpúr, &c., submitted and accompanied Z. Kh. to Court, though they had an army of 10000 horse and a lac of foot soldiers.

After having been made, in the 36th year, a Commander of Four Thousand, Z. Kh. was allowed an 'alam and a naqqárah (vide p. 50), and was appointed, in the following year, governor of the districts beyond the Indus up to the Hindúkush, when new opportunities offered for punishing the mountaineers.

In the 41st year, he was made a Commander of Five Thousand, and governor of Kábul, vice Qulij Khán. In the same year, Prince Salím fell in love with Z. Kh.'s daughter, and married her soon after, though Akbar was displeased (vide p. 277, l. 4, from below). With the death of Jalál Khán Raushání the disturbances in Zábulistán came to an end, and Z. Kh. was ordered to Láhor, from where Akbar, on his return from Burhánpúr, called him to A´grah.

Z. Kh. died in 1010, partly from excessive drinking. He played on several instruments, and composed poems. As Sa'íd Khán (No. 25) for his eunuchs, and Qulij Khán (No. 42) for his horses, so was Z. Kh. famous for his elephants.