Sa'ádat 'Alí Nawáb, viii. 369
Sa'ádat Khán, Zúl-l fikár Jang, made
bakhshí, viii. 113; his discontent, 120;
disgraced, 121; joins Safdar Jang, 135
Sábáts, iii. 82, 146, 165, v. 171, 326
Sabdaliya caste, i. 76
Sábir Sháh, rebels in Kumáún, viii. 45
Sábkufria caste, i. 16
Sadásheo Bháo,
Sadásheo Ráo,
prime minister, viii.
264; reviews his army,
399; its numbers, 400; entrenches his
camp, 401; makes proposals of peace,
ib.; death, 278, 281. See Bháo
Sádik Khán, v. 448, 456, vi. 57, 66, 69,
74, 79, 93
Sadr-i Jahán, iii. 578, 590
Sadru-l Islám, iii. 578
Sa'du-llah Khán, 'Allámi, vii. 71; sent
to Kandahár, 88, 95, 99; sent against
Chítor, 103; death, 118
Sa'du-llah Khán, viii. 116, 119, 121,
213, 269
Safdar Jang defeats Mahrattas, viii. 54;
his services against Ahmad Abdálí,
106, 108, 110, 112, 174; made
wazír, 113, 174; defeated by Rohillas,
117; leagues with Holkar against
Rohillas, 118; negociates with Ahmad
Abdálí, 121; commander-in-chief and
commander of the artillery, 131; calls
in Súraj Mal Ját, 133, 317; murders
the eunuch Jáwed, 133, 317; deposed
from office, 134, 320; raises a pretender,
135, 320; attacks Dehlí, ib.; recovers
jágírs from Játs, 212; seizes estates of
Káim Khán, 213; raises Ahmad to
the throne, 174; death, 174
Saffárians, ii. 284
Saffron, vi. 304, 375, 417
Sáhar Deo, ii. 542, 549
Sáhasi Ráí Sháhí, i. 138, 292
Sáhiba, i. 220
Sáhújí Bhonslah, birth, vii. 255; his
jágír, 256; joins 'Azam Khán, 15; 35,
37; army sent against, 51; move-
ments, 56, 58; surrenders, 60
Sáhú, son of Sambhájí, in captivity,
339, 341, 376; set at liberty, 395;
origin of his name, 395; mention of,
408, 450, 466, 499, viii. 258, 264
Sa'íd Nasíru-d dín Mahmúd, Sultán, ii.
319, 326
Sa'íd Sanjar (Sultán), ii. 279, 280
Sa'íd Shamsu-d dín Sultán, ii. 301,
303-4, 319
Saifu-d dín 'Alí Khán, vii. 463, 471
Saifu-d dín 'Alí Súrí takes Ghazní and is
hanged there, ii. 291
Saiyid Bukhárí, v. 453
Saiyid Kásim Bárha, v. 459
Sákriya caste, i. 76
Salábat Jang, viii. 318, 325, 392
Saláhu-d dín I., Jám, i. 227
Saláhu-d dín II., Jám, i. 234-5
Sálár Sáhú, ii. 513, 536
Sálbáhan, Rája, iv. 461-2, v. 95
Sálibáhan Rája, vi. 31
Saldi, Mughal, iii. 165
Sálih Tarkhán, Mírza, i. 323-4
Salím-garh, viii. 11
Salím Mírza, Prince. See Jahángír
Salím Sháh, son of Sher Sháh, regula-
tions respecting saráís, rent-free tenures,
etc., iv. 479, v. 486; his treatment
of the Níázís, v. 488. See Islám
Sháh
Salín Núín, ii. 358, 378
Sámand, ii. 12, 403, 422
Samanís, i. 68; of Brahmanábád, i. 147;
others in Sind, 158-9
Sámání kings, ii. 479
Samar, Mughal, iii. 122
Sambal. See Sidi Sambal
Sambhájí, son of Sivají, vii. 275, 279,
281, 292; succeeds his father, 305;
character, 305, 338, 342; attacks
Burhánpúr, 306; shelters Prince
Akbar, 309, 312; harasses besiegers
of Golkonda, 328; taken prisoner,
338; tortured and killed, 341
Sambhals, iv. 428-432, 496
Samejas, i. 245, 286, 298, 309
Sámíd, i. 109
Sámira (Sumra), iii. 588
Sammas, i. 187, 191, 215, 217-8, 220,
266, 271-2, 309, 311, 313, 337, 494
Samsámu-d daula Khán-daurán, vii. 505,
507
Samsámu-d daula, Nawáb, commander of
the artillery, viii. 135, 384
Samsámu-d daula, amíru-lumará, viii. 50,
54, 61, 72, 83; death, 62, 74, 84; 261,
262
Sámíú-ábád, founding of, i. 272
Sámúrí of Malabar, iv. 101, vi. 467, viii.
386
Sandaliya caste, i. 17, 76
Sanjar, Jám, i. 231-2
Sanjar, Sultán, iv. 207
Sankarájí, vii. 466, 500
Sankarájí Malhár, vii. 499
Sankh Deo of Deogír, iii. 551
Sannyásís, fight with Jogís, v. 318
Sanskrit, iii. 563; Muhammadan know-
ledge of, v. 570; translations from,
479, 513, 537, 539, vi. 227, viii. 194,
205, 207
Santá, Mahratta, vii. 472, 477, 499
Santá Ghorpúra, vii. 346, 349, 355, 359
Saráís, iv. 417, vi. 111
Sarandíb, funeral ceremonies, i. 6
Sárang Khán, iii. 398, iv. 29; surrenders
Multán, iii. 417, iv. 33; fights with
Khizr Khán, 32; defeated by Pír Mu-
hammad, 33; death, 51; a pretender,
51-2
Sárang Ghakkar, iv. 390, 493, v. 114,
278
Sarband, son of Akham Lohána, i. 148
Sarbuland Khán, vii. 460, 469, 472, 529,
530, viii. 340
Sarbuland Ráí, vi. 395-6, 412, 418
Sar-deshmukhi, vii. 408-9, 465, 467,
530; grant of, viii. 259
Sarfaráz Khán, Nawáb, viii. 128-9
Sarwánís, iv. 321, 389, 416, 459, 547, v.
109
Sarwar, Ráí, iv. 22, 26, 50, 52-3
Sarwaru-l Mulk, kills Mubárak Sháh,
iv. 78-9; plots, 80; killed, 83
Sasa, son of Dáhir, i. 125
Sassí and Pannún, i. 332
Sa'ta tribe, i. 311
Satbán, King of Kanauj, i. 147
Satnámís, vii. 185, 294
Sattára, siege and capture of, vii. 365,
367
Sawáí Mádhú Ráo, Peshwá, viii. 295-7.
See Mádhú Ráo
Scorpions, use of, at Nasíbín, v. 550
“Seveners,” ii. 572
Sewakpál, ii. 443
Sháh 'Álam (Prince Wálá Gauhar), viii.
240, defeated by Gházíu-d din, 172; a
refugee, ib.; besieges Patna and is
defeated, ib.; ascends the throne, ib.;
cedes Bengal to English, viii. 182;
state of his Empire, 184; devotion to
pleasure, 185; marches against Kálin-
jar, 214; defeated at Bach Pahárí,
217; at Baksar, 182, 217; insult
offered to, 243; sufferings from Ghulám
Kádir, 245
Sháh 'Álam, vii. 318. See Mu'azzam
(Prince).
Sháh Beg Arghún, i. 234, 301, 306;
capture of Thatta, i. 500; death of, 502
Sháh Begam, mother of Khusrú, vi.
108, 294
Sháh Husain Arghún, i. 312-23, v. 471,
472; takes Multán, 474
Sháh-Jahán (Prince Khurram), title
given to him, vi. 352; takes Kángra,
374; sent to the Dakhin, 376; rebels,
383, 407; takes flight, 387; arrives in
Orissa, 390, 408; defeated near Benares,
394, 413; flight back to Dakhin, ib.;
assisted by Malik Ambar, 395 be-
sieges Burhánpúr, vi. 395, 418; sub-
mits to his father, 396, 419; supports
his father against Mahábat, 397, 444;
takes Akbarnagar, 49; at Dacca, 410;
his arrangements in Bengal and Bihár,
410; obtains Rohtás, 411; journey
towards Thatta, 429, 432, 444, returns
to the Dakhin, 433, 445; starts for
the capital, 437; proclaimed king, 438;
ascends the throne, vii. 6, 137, 141,
viii. 19; death of his queen, vii. 27;
his children, 27; visit to Láhore and
Kashmír, 43, 97; goes to Kábul,
72; sends a candlestick to Mecca, 84;
builds Sháh-Jahánábád, 85; excused
the fast, 97; illness, 128, 143, 178,
213, 217; contentions of his sons,
143, 215; destroys Europeans at
Húglí, 31, 211; abolishes ceremony
of prostration, 170; prosperity during
his reign, 171; his justice, 172; put
in confinement, 226; in favour of
Dárá Shukoh, 228; correspondence
with Aurangzeb, 251; death, 275
Sháh-Jahán II., vii. 243, 255, 278, 483,
485
Sháh Kator, ii. 407
Sháh Kuli Khán Mahram, v. 450, vi. 22,
42, 52, 68, 76
Sháh Mansúr, Khwája, made díwán, v.
401, vi. 57; removed, 419, 420, 422;
hanged, 423; innocence discovered, 426
Sháh Mirza, v. 179, 201, 315-6, 330-1,
343, 366, vi. 123, 125
Sháh Muhammad Farmúlí, v. 489
Sháh Pasand Khán, viii. 145, 147, 151,
154, 272
Sháh Rukh, son of Tímúr, iii. 396;
sends embassy to India, iv. 95, 123
Sháh Rukh, grandson of Mirza Sulai-
mán, v. 392, 447, 467, vi. 91-2, 97-9,
109
Sháh Shujá', Prince, besieges Parenda,
vii. 44; declares himself king, 143,
179, 214; defeated by Dárá Shukoh,
214; prepared to support Dárá, 231;
marches against Aurangzeb, 232; de-
feated, 233; flight, 241; war against,
249; wins over Prince Muhammad,
249; retreats, 250; final disappear-
ance, 253
Sháh Tahmásp, takes and loses Kanda-
hár, v. 199; receives Humáyún, 218;
sends embassy to Akbar, 276, 342
Sháh Turkán, ii. 330
Sháh Walí Khán, viii. 275, 277, 280-1,
398, 402
Shahábu-d dín. See Muhammad Ghorí
Shahábu-d dín Ahmad, v. 261; intrigues
against Bairám Khán, 262, vi. 23;
and Atka Khán, v. 277, vi. 28; in
Gujarát, v. 430-1, 441-2, vi. 84
Shahábu-d dín (son of Kalich Khán
Nizám), vii. 302
Shahámat Jang, Nawáb, viii. 391
Sháhbáz Khán, v. 22, 410, 419, 421,
429, 457, 467, 514, vi. 37, 40, 54-6,
58, 68, 71-9
Shahriyár, Prince, vi. 423, 435-8, 450;
claims the throne, vii. 5; defeated and
blinded, viii. 19
Sháh-rukhis, iv. 233
Sháh-Jahánábád, building of, vii. 85,
viii. 10
Shai-Shá, i. 86
Shaikh 'Alaí, the pretended Mahdí, iv.
501
Shaikh 'Alí, of Kábul, iv. 70-1, 76
Shaikh Gadáí, v. 495, vi. 23
Shaikh Muhammad Ghaus, v. 495-6
Shaikh Salím Chishtí, v. 499
Shamsí Slaves, iii. 97, 99, 102, 109, 110
Shamsiya Kings, ii. 320
Shamsher Bahádur, viii. 266, 283, 400
Shamsu-d dín Altamsh, origin, ii. 320;
becomes king, 231, 237, 301, iii. 37,
391, iv. 146; receives an ambassador
from Changíz Khán and poisons him,
ii. 395, 553, 559, 563; sends an em-
bassy to Changíz, 395, 553; coins of,
484; crosses the Indus on horseback,
571
Shamsu-d dín Kaiomars made king,
iii. 39
Shamsu-d dín, King of Bengal, iii. 294-5,
304; death, 307
Shamsu-d dín Muhammad rescues Hu-
máyún, v. 113, 205; afterwards Atka
Khán, 211. See Atka Khán
Shankal, ii. 159, vi. 553
Shansabániya Sultáns, ii. 282
Shár, the title, ii. 576, iii. 65, iv. 175
Sharafu-d dín Husain, Amíru-l umará, v.
282
Sharduya caste, i. 76
Sharíru-l Mulk, i. 302
Sháyista Khán (Khán-Jahán), services,
vii. 51, 54, 115, 116, 187, 220; made
Amíru-l umará, 226; sent against
Sivají, 261; surprised by Sivají, 269
Sher-Afgan, husband of Núr Jahán, vi.
397, 402, 404
Sher Hájí, vii. 23, 26, 39, 44
Sher Khán, services, iii. 109; poisoned
by Balban, 108
Sher Khán Fuládí, v. 342, 351, 352,
432
Sher Sháh (Sher Khán Súr) favoured by
Bábar, iv. 282; extraction, 308; his
youth (as Faríd Khán), 309, et seq.
393; his revenue settlement, 312, 413;
his administration, 314, 409; quarrel
with his father, 318; obtains name of
Sher Sháh, 321, 325; attends Bábar,
329; his early designs, 330; escapes
from Bábar, 331; joins Sultán Mu-
hammad, 332; opposed by the Lo-
hánís, 333; defeats the Bengalis, 339;
obtains Chunár, 343, v. 141; pays
homage to Sultán Mahmúd, iv. 347-9;
deserts him in battle-field, 349; de-
fends Chunár, 350, v. 141, 199; and
is confirmed in it, iv. 350-1; his treat-
ment of Fath Malika, 355; wins
Bengal, 356; obtains Rohtás, 357,
360, v. 201; takes Gaur, iv. 360; comes
to terms with Humáyún, 362; breaks
with Humáyún, 363; takes Benares,
368, vi. 19; Jaunpúr, 20; his use of in-
trenchments, iv. 339, 370, 380: defeats
Humáyún at Chaunsá, 375, v. 141,
202, 203; takes Humáyún's queen
prisoner, iv. 375, v. 113, 203; assumes
royalty, iv. 377; defeats Humáyún at
Kanauj, 380, v. 130, 143, 205; pursuit
of Humáyún, iv. 387, i. 316, 317; ob-
tains Raisin, iv. 401; massacres Púran
Mal and his adherents, 402, vi. 188;
death, iv. 408; his dying regrets, v. 107;
character and habits, iv. 409; builds
New Rohtás, iv. 390, 415, v. 114; his
buildings at Dehlí, iv. 419, 476, vi.
189; roads, etc., 188; his regulations
and administration, iv. 549; army, 551
Sher Sháh, son of 'Adalí, iv. 509
Shí'as, v. 150, vi. 208
Shí'as and Sunnís, dates respecting, viii.
32
Shísh, ii. 283
Shíshániyáns, ii. 283
Shitáb Ráí, viii. 216, 228
Shujá'at Khán (Sher Sháh's), iv. 321,
333, 360, 382, 392, 394, 396, 407, 417,
425, 486; death, 489, 532
Shujá'at Khán (Akbar's), v. 267, 290,
299, 344, 361, vi. 328-330
Shujá'u-d daula, protects Wálá Gauhar,
viii. 172; succeeds to his father, 174;
defeated at Baksar, 182, 217; makes
peace with British, ib.; defeats Háfiz
Rahmat, ib.; at Mahobá and Jhánsí,
215; retires from Bach Pahárí, 217;
retreats before British, 220; makes
peace with British, ib.; attacks Cal-
cutta, 211; supports Najíb Khán,
269; joins Ahmad Abdálí, 147-8, 170;
appointed minister by Ahmad and Sháh
'Álam, 171, 173, 276-8; defeats Mah-
rattas, 269, 279; his dealings with the
Rohillas, 304—310, 422; peace with
British, 369, 407; death, 65, 67, 183;
character, 67, 395, 423
Shujáwal Khán, v. 168, 270. See
Shujá'at Khán
Shukru-llah Khán, viii. 410
Sídís of Jazíra, vii. 289; war with
Sivají, 290; take Danda Rajpúrí, 292;
351, 362
Sídí Khairiyat. See Sídís
Sídí Maula, his plot and death, iii. 144
Sídí Sambal. See Sídís
Sídí Yákút. See Sídís
Sieges, i. 248, iv. 407, v. 324, 374
Síharas Ráí, i. 138; his dominions, ib.;
fights with King of Nimroz and is
killed, 139
Síharas, son of Rásál, i. 153
Sihta, Jám, i. 268
Sihwán, siege of, i. 248
Sikandar, Jám, i. 230
Sikandar 'Alí 'Ádil Sháh, of Bíjápúr,
vii. 257, 323, 552
Sikandar Afghán, Sultán, defeats Sultán
Ibráhím, v. 243; territory under his
rule, 56; defeated by Humáyún, 237;
defeated by Akbar at Sirhind, 58, 238
Sikandar Sultán, defeated in the Siwálik,
v. 248; in Mánkot, 254; makes terms,
255; death, iv. 508, v. 255
Sikandar Khán Farmúlí, v. 109
Sikandar Khán (Akbar's reign), rebels,
v. 295, 297, 304, 307, 318-9, 323, 339
Sikandar Lodí, Sultán, anecdotes of him,
iv. 438, 452, 469; ascends the throne,
310, 444; character, 445; his regula-
tions, 447; translations made for him,
451; sons, 451; fights a battle with
Sultán Husain Sharkí, 459, v. 95;
takes Jaunpúr, iv. 310, 461; extent
of his realm, 461; takes Bihár, 462, v.
96; marches against Bengal, iv. 462, v.
94; takes Dholpúr, iv. 465, v. 97;
Gwálior, iv 466, v. 92; his nobles, iv.
471, 545, 547; his prowess, v. 3; re-
covers Jaunpúr, 93; takes Mandrail,
98; obtains Nágor, 103; anecdotes,
vi. 185; death, iv. 469
Sikandar, King of Kashmír, iii. 409,
469, 470, 518, iv. 93
Sikandar, Sultán of Bengal, iii. 307;
besieged, 308, iv. 10; makes peace,
iii. 309, iv. 10
Sikhs, account of, vii. 413; revolts, 413;
wars to repress, 423, 456, 555; capture
and execution of the Guru, 457; called
in by Játs, viii. 226; ravage the Doab,
266, 364
Silk manufactories, iii. 578
Simrú (Sumroo), viii. 220-2
Sind, Aborigines of, i. 292, 503; Bud-
dhists in, 504; ancient, 24; conquests
of, 115; ancient divisions, 138, 366;
Ráí dynasty, 405: Brahman dynasty,
409; Kings of, 215; revenues of, 458;
under the Arabs, 460, 471; under
Ghaznivides, 340; commerce in, 468;
religion in, 468; justice in, 478; con-
quest by Akbar, 240, v. 459, 461-3
Sindhia, Mahájí, numbers of his army,
viii. 400; his escape from Pánípat,
156; takes and puts to death the pre-
tender Bháo, 294; saves Raghúnáth
Ráo, 296; takes Gwálior, 296; at
Dehlí, 297; transactions with the
Rohillas, 305; defeated, 308; tortures
and executes Ghulám Kádir, 254;
alliance with Játs, 367
Sindhia Datta, viii. 241, 268, 270, 274
Sindhia Daulat Ráo, viii. 353, 369
Sindhia Jayapa, viii. 321
Sindhia Níbá,
Sindhia Nímá,
vii. 362, 408, 452
Sindhia Santájí, vii. 499
Singhár, i. 216, 217
Sipahdár Khán, vi. 250, 434, 437
Sipáh-sálár Rajab, iii. 271; his marriage,
272; death, 273
Sipihr Shukoh, vii. 221-5, 239-40, 245-6
Sír, a drink, vi. 370
Siráju-d daula, succeeds Alivardí, viii.
210, 324; attacks English at Calcutta,
211; flies from English, 211; takes
Calcutta, 324; driven out by Clive,
325; defeated at Plassy, 328, 426;
flight, capture, and death, 212-13, 330,
428
Sirhind, taken by Muhammad Ghorí, ii.
295; besieged by Pithaura, 296
Sirmor, campaign in, vii. 105
Sísákar, i. 165, 168, 171, 175, 187
Sitúnda fort, captured, vii. 25
Sivají, origin of, vii. 254; memoir of,
259; manages his father's jágír, 256;
seizes territories and acquires power,
256-8; murders Afzal Khán, 258;
defeats armies of Bíjápúr, 260; his
manners and character, 260, 305, 341;
defence against Sháyista Khán, 261;
surprises Sháyista Khán at Púna,
269; progress of his power, 271;
surrenders to Jai Singh, 272; at siege
of Bíjápúr, 278; at court of Aurang-
zeb, 276, 278; escape from Ágra, 279,
284; leaves his son at Benares, 281,
285; his conquests of forts, 286; takes
Surat, 287; his ships, 288, 290; war
with Sídís of Jazíra, 290; death, 305
Siwálik, Tímúr's campaign, iii. 460,
513; Faríd Bukhárí's campaign, vi.
125
Siwistán taken by Jám Unar, i. 224
Siyáhposhes, ii. 407, iii. 400, 480; Tí-
múr's war with, 401
Síwí, wonders of, i. 237
Slaves, prices of, iii. 196, 580
Slavery, encouraged by Fíroz, iii. 340
Sodhas, i. 217, 220, 293, 298-9, 531
Solankh Pál, Ráí, ii. 228
Solís of Persia, ii. 161
Somnát, the idol and town, i. 67, 97, ii.
525; iv. 180, 183; Mahmúd's con-
quest of, ii. 468, iv. 180; etymology,
ii. 476; idol of, how disposed of, 270,
iv. 183; Mahmúd's return from, 192,
270, iv. 183; Mahmúd's wish to stay
there, ii. 500; taken by 'Aláu-d dín,
iii. 42; idol of, 43, 163; 549, 551
Spelling of Hindí names, vii. 344
Spies of Government, iii. 101, 112, 179
Spoil, division of, iii. 377
Srídhar Hindú Bengali, v. 373, 378
Srí Hamíra, ii. 428
Stables, royal, iii. 357; great, vii. 61
Storm at Thatta, vii. 61; at Calcutta,
viii. 228-9; at Hardwar, 230
Súban, King of Bátia, i. 154
Subuktigin, origin of, ii. 266, iii. 23; his
rise, ii. 267; made king, 268; reigns
at Ghazní, iv. 159; takes Bust and
Kusdár, ii. 18, iv. 159, 161; invades
Hind, ii. 18, 22; conquests, 268;
486, vi. 569; anecdotes, ii. 180-1
Súdariá caste, i. 16
Suhail, commandant of Gwálior, v. 167;
surrenders, 493
Suhail Habshí, vi. 241
Sukhpál, ii. 443
Sulaimán, Iconoclast of Kashmír, vi. 457
Sulaimán the Khalíf, i. 439
Sulaimán Kirání, Míán, kills Sultán
Ibráhím, iv. 507, v. 245, vi. 36; obtains
great part of Bengal, iv. 509, v. 298,
vi. 35; obtains Orissa, v. 425, 511, vi.
35, 88; plots against Mun'im Khán,
vi. 36; death, v. 372, vi. 511
Sulaimán Mirza, of Badakhshán, v. 223,
224, 227, 229-32, 249, 286-7, 293, 310;
visits Akbar, 392; goes to Mecca, 396;
447-8, 455
Sulaimán Shukoh, Prince, vii. 131-2,
215, 220, 227, 229, 230, 245, 263
Sultán, common use of the word, iv. 286;
the title first given to Mahmúd, ii.
269, 480, iv. 169
Sultán 'Alí, of Kashmír, iv. 54
Sultán Khusrú Charkas, i. 287
Sultán Muhammad, vi. 186
Súmra, King of Sind, i. 216
Súmras, country of, i. 271
Súmra dynasty, i. 260, 267, 271-2, 343,
483; iii. 264-5
Sun, worship of, v. 529, 564
Sunágh, history of, i. 106
Sundar Pandí, iii. 32
Sunnís, v. 150, vi. 208
Súr, tribe, iv. 308, 430
Súraj Mal Ját, ally of Safdar Jang, viii.
133-5, 142, 208, 265, 272, 274-5,
277, 283, 317, 320-1, 362, 384
Súraj-kund, ii. 538, 543, 546, 549
Surat, besieged by Akbar, v. 344; de-
scription of, v. 346; building of the
fort, 501; taken by Sivají, vii. 287;
granted to English, viii. 202
Súrí, King of Ghor, ii. 283, iii. 65
Súrjan Ráí Hádá, v. 175, 260, 332, 493
Surkh, vi. 343
Swát, Akbar's attack on, v. 450, vi. 80
Syál Játs, ii. 422
Syálapati, ii. 421