Campaign of Khán-Jahán.

[Text, vol. i. part 2, p. 155.] [Capture of Sarádhún, Dhárásíyún, Kántí six kos from Sholápúr, and the town of Deogánw. Victories over the Bíjápúrís, commanded by Randaula.] Water and provisions were now difficult to obtain, so the royal army fell back to Dhárásíyún,* intending to leave their baggage at Sarádhún, and passing between Úsa and Naldrug, to make a raid into the flourishing country about Kulbarga, to plunder and lay waste. On the 1st Zí-l hijja, the enemy made his appearance while the Imperial army was encamped about two kos from Úsa, and began to throw in rockets. The royal forces issued from their entrenchments and repulsed their assailants. Next day they attacked the Imperial army as it was about to march, ^{* *} but were defeated and driven back. After returning from the battle-field, Saiyid Khán-jahán, considering that the country was devastated, and the rains were at hand, determined to fall back to Bír, ^{* *} and await the Imperial directions as to where the rainy season should be passed. On the 11th Zí-l hijja, about eight kos from Sarádhún, the enemy again appeared in the rear [and after a hard fight fell back defeated]. The royal army then continued its march to Sarádhún, and along the banks of the Wanjira to Dhárúr.

Campaign of Khán-zamán.

[Text, vol. i. part 2, p. 160.] After receiving his orders, Khán-zamán marched to Ahmadnagar, and, after provisioning his force, ^{* *} he went on towards Junír. Six kos from Ahmad-nagar, he learnt that the villain Sáhú had made terms with Mínají Bhonsla, and had obtained from him the fort of Máhúlí. Having taken Mínají along with him to Junír, Sáhú was about to proceed by way of Párgánw to Parenda. Khán-zamán marched after him, ^{* *} but Sáhú passed the river Bhúnrá, and proceeded to Lohgánw, a dependency of Púna in the Bíjápúr territories. Here Khán-zamán halted, because his orders were not to follow Sáhú into 'Ádil Khán's country. [Capture of the fort of Chamár-gonda by a detachment.] On receiving orders from Court, he entered the Bíjápúr territories, and plundered and destroyed every inhabited place he came to. On the 27th Shawwál he reached the pass of Dúdbáí, where he halted. ^{* *} Next morning he ascended the pass. In eight days he arrived at Kolapúr, and invested the fortress and town. Notwithstanding a brave defence, he quickly took the place. [Successful skirmishes with Sáhú and the Bíjápúrís.] Khán-zamán next marched to Miraj, one of the principal towns in the Bíjápúr dominions, and plundered it. From thence he made six days' march to Rai-bágh, a very ancient town in that country, where he obtained great booty. After remaining there ten days, he fell back, and the enemy had the audacity to hang upon his rear and harass him with rockets. Eight days' march from Miraj the army encamped on the bank of a river. A party was sent out to forage, and a force was ordered to support it. The enemy attacked this force, and a sharp fight ensued; but the assailants were repulsed and pursued for two kos. While the army was resting on the banks of the river Bhúnrá, an Imperial farmán arrived, directing Khán-zamán to return to the royal presence, to receive instructions for the reduction of the fort of Junír and the punishment of Sáhú. The reason for this was that 'Ádil Khán had submitted, had agreed to pay a tribute equivalent to twenty lacs in jewels, elephants, etc., and engaged that if Sáhú returned and surrendered Junír and the other forts in the Nizám-Sháhí territory to the Imperial officers, he would take him into his service; but if Sáhú did not do so, he would assist the Imperial forces in reducing the forts and punishing Sáhú.

[Capture by Khán-khánán of the forts of Ankí and Tankí, Alka and Pálka, eighteen kos from Daulatábád.]

[Farmán containing the terms of peace with 'Ádil Khán, and letter of the latter in acknowledgment. Letter of homage from Kutbu-l Mulk. Summary of Sháh Jahán's two expeditions to the Dakhin, the first in his father's lifetime, the second after his own accession.]

'Ádil Khán of Bíjápúr.

[Text, vol. i. part 2, p. 202.] While the Emperor was still thinking about the reduction of the forts of the Dakhin, 'Ádil Khán, being disturbed by the prolonged stay of the Imperial Court, wrote a letter to the Emperor, representing that the affairs of that country were now all settled, and that he would be answerable for the surrender of the forts held by Sáhú and others. There was therefore no reason for the Emperor's staying any longer, and it would be a great favour if he would proceed to the capital, so that the raiyats and people of Bíjápúr might return peacefully to their avocations. The Emperor graciously consented, and resolved to go and spend the rainy season at Mándú. 'Ádil Khán's tribute, consisting of ^{* *}, arrived, and was accepted. The Emperor confirmed to him the territory of Bíjápúr and the fortress of Parenda, which had formerly belonged to Nizámu-l Mulk, but which the commandant had surrendered to 'Ádil Khán for a bribe. He also confirmed to him all the country of Kokan on the sea-shore, which had been formerly held half by him and half by Nizámu-l Mulk. [Copy of the treaty.]

Prince Aurangzeb, Governor of the Dakhin.

[Text, vol. i. part 2, p. 205.] On the 3rd Zí-l hijja the Emperor appointed Prince Aurangzeb to the government of the Dakhin. This country contains sixty-four forts, fifty-three of which are situated on hills, the remaining eleven are in the plain. It is divided into four súbas. 1. Daulatábád, with Ahmadnagar and other districts, which they call the súba of the Dakhin. The capital of this province, which belonged to Nizámu-l Mulk, was formerly Ahmadnagar, and afterwards Daulatábád. 2. Telingána. This is situated in the súba of the Bálághát.* 3. Khándes. The fortress of this province is Asír, and the capital is Burhánpúr, situated four kos from Asír. 4. Birár. The capital of this province is Elichpúr, and its famous fortress is called Gáwíl. It is built on the top of a hill, and is noted above all the fortresses in that country for strength and security. The whole of the third province and a part of the fourth is in the Páyín-ghát. The jama', or total revenue of the four provinces is two arbs of dáms, equivalent to five crores of rupees.

[Treaty with Kutbu-l Mulk. Letter from the latter.]

[Khán-daurán besieges Údgír and Úsa, and both forts are eventually surrendered.]

[Text, vol. i. part 2, p. 225.] When Khán-zamán returned from the Emperor to his army, he learnt that Sáhú had declined entering into the service of 'Ádil Khán, and refused to surrender Junír and the other fortresses to the Imperial officers. 'Ádil Khán therefore sent his forces, under the command of Randaula, to co-operate with the Imperial army in the destruction of Sáhú, and the reduction of his fortresses. Khán-zamán hastened to Junír, ^{* * *} and invested the fortress. Being satisfied with the arrangements for the siege, he determined to march against Sáhú, who was in the neighbourhood of Púna. When he reached the Khorandí, he was detained on its banks for a month by the heavy rains and the inundations. As soon as the waters abated, he crossed the river, and encamped on the banks of the Índán, near Lohgánw, and Sáhú, who was seventeen kos distant, then made into the mountains of Gondhána and Núrand. There were were three large swollen rivers, the Índán, the Mol, and the Mota,* between Khán-zamán and Sáhú. ^{* *} The Khán therefore sent an officer to consult with Randaula. The opinion of that commander coincided with Khán-zamán's in favour of the pursuit, and the latter began his march. ^{* *} Sáhú then fled with great haste by the pass of Kombha,* and entered the Kokan. ^{* *} Finding no support there, he returned by the pass of Kombha. The Imperial forces then entered the Kokan by the same pass, and Randaula also was closing up. Sáhú then went off to Máhúlí, ^{* *} and from thence to the fort of Múranjan,* situated between the hills and the jungle. Khán-zamán followed. ^{* * *} On discovering the approach of his pursuers, Sáhú hastily sent off a portion of his baggage, and abandoned the rest. ^{* * *} The pursuers having come up, put many of the rebels to the sword. ^{* *} Being still pursued, Sáhú went again to Máhúlí, hoping to get away by Trimbak and Tringalwárí;* but, fearing lest he should encounter the royal forces, he halted at Máhúlí. He retained a party of his adherents, who had long followed him, and the rest of his men he disbanded, and allowed them to go where they would. Then, with his son and a portion of his baggage, he went into the fort, resolved to stand a siege.