The Khubah was read in the name of Ibrāhīm Khān in Āgra and certain other districts, while ‘Adlī, realising that he was not able to cope with him, left Gwālīar for Bhatta, and thence returned towards Chunār* taking with him* large amounts of treasure, many elephants and a large following.

After the death of Islem Shāh, at the time when the kings of clans arose,* Aḥmad Khān Sūr, one of the cousins of Sher Shāh, who had to wife the second sister of ‘Adlī, a man of distinguished bravery and endurance, sat in conference with* the Amīrs of the Panjāb, and implanted in their minds all sorts of evil notions regarding ‘Adlī and of his unfitness, (they being already ill-disposed towards him) and with the aid and assistance of Tātār 423. Khān Kāsī,* and Ḥabīb Khān, and Naṣīb Khān Ṭughūjī, who had attained this title from Sher Shāh,* declared open war against ‘Adlī, and* assuming the title of Sulān Sikandar and reading the Khubah, and entertaining hopes of still further increase of power* proceeded to Dihlī and Āgra.*

On the other hand, Ibrāhīm having collected a large army confronted Sikandar at Farah,* which is situated at a distance of ten krohs from Āgra.

Most of the noted Amīrs, such as Ḥājī Khān Sulānī, Governor of Alwar, who was virtually a king, and Rāī* Ḥussain Jilwānī* and Mas‘aūd Khān and Ḥusain Khān Ghilzāī were on the side of Ibrāhīm. To some two hundred of them Ibrāhīm had given royal tents and standards, and ensigns* and kettle drums, and it fre­quently happened that to anyone who came and brought with him ten or fifteen horsemen he gave a sort of makeshift flag-staff with a bit of red rag wrapped round it, simply to gain favour and to attract people, bestowing upon him also a grant of dignity and a jāgīr.* In this way nearly eighty thousand men flocked to him; and on the day when Ḥājī Khān came from Alwar and gave in his allegiance to him, he shewed him great favour bestowing upon him a lofty and spacious tent covered on the outside with saqirlā* of Portugal, and on the inside with Frankish velvet, had it freshly pitched for him. Moreover he lavished upon Ḥājī Khān magni­ficent carpets, and vessels of gold and silver and all other requirements on the same scale: accordingly he entered the tent without hesitation and there took up his abode. This treatment occasioned great envy and jealousy* among the Amīrs of pure Afghān blood who became disheartened and spared not to express their discontent among themselves. Iskandar, who had a following of twelve thousand men, inasmuch as he estimated the army of Ibrāhīm as being more numerous than his own, shilly-shallied and made overtures for peace, and wrote a treaty in the following terms, that from Dihlī to the eastern extremity of Hindustān as 424. far as could be arranged,* should belong to Ibrāhīm Khān,* and that the country of the Panjāb and Multān as far as possible should belong to Sikandar, so that he might attain the object for which the Mughuls came to Hindustān. The Afghāns of both armies, who were blood-relations or connections of each other, were pleased at the prospect of a peaceful settlement, and Kālā Bhār* the brother of Sikandar, and the Amīrs of the Panj Bhaiya which means “the five brothers,” who were* with the sword the marvel of the age, made this additional stipulation that if after that Ibrāhīm (Khān)* gets possession* of the treasury of ‘Adlī and the kingdom of Bhatta, which is near being realised, he shall make us partners in both of these gains, then all well and good,* but if not we will annul the peace. Sikandar agreed to this proposition,* and the majority of the Amīrs of Ibrāhīm (Khān)* impressed upon him that there was no danger to be apprehended from agreeing* to this proposal, inasmuch as the treasury and kingdom of Bhatta would certainly be theirs, “and then,” said they, “it will require a man to oppose* us (success­fully), while for the present, at any rate, we shall have tided over this difficulty satisfactorily:

Verse.
Be not proud, for I hold the staff of wisdom in my hand,
The arm of riot is long (and)* a stick has two ends.

Ibrāhīm came round to this view but Mas‘ūd Khān and Ḥusain Khān Ghilz'ai with some of the new Amīrs said: “Seeing that in the end the matters in dispute between us and Sikandar will one day have to be decided by the sword, now that our party has increased, while his following is exceedingly small, why should we not decide* the matter at once,* and not desist until we have secured ourselves against a repetition of this in the future. To agree to peace now will be a confession* of weakness on our part, 425. and an admission of the bravery of our enemies.”* Upon ‘Adlī also, who has crept like a rat into his hole, with all his elephants and retinue, the desire of conflict with us is creeping, and that peace which had been concluded has been confounded.” Ibrāhīm Khān put off fighting till after the arrival of Mīyān Yaḥya Tūran, governor of Sambhal, who was famous both as a warrior and as a man of sound judgment. Miyān Yaḥya in the year 961 H. during the disturbances, gave battle in Badāon to twenty of ‘Adlī's Amirs who had been appointed to the district of Sambhal, and defeated them; he then fought a great battle on the plain* of the township of Kandarkhī with Rāja Matar Sen Kahtarīya, who was the former ruler of Sambhal and had collected a great force, and defeated him. The author of this Muntakhab, who was at that time accompanying his father, now deceased, was in the twelfth year of his age,* and had gone to Sambhal to study, wrote this chronogram: Chi bas khūb karda and* (How well have they done)! Before that he could convey the news to his teacher,* the prince of learned men, the guide of connoisseurs, the exem­plar of the intelligent,* the master of masters, the Mīyān Ḥātīm of Sanbhal, this* tidings had already reached him. At the time when he was by way of benediction and blessing giving instruc­tion in the Kanz-i-Fiqh, he said, “Count the letters of this tārīkh which I have spoken without forethought, Fatḥhā-i-āsmānī shud.”* I replied nine hundred and sixty, which* is one unit short. He answered,* I said it with the hamza of Iẓāfat, that is to say, Fatḥhā-i-āsmanī, which is in conformity with the ancient spelling in respect to the value of letters: and in this way it is correct.* He gave his blessing, and fixed a time for the lesson, and adding a few pages, written with his own hand to the pages which I had 426. written containing the instruction of the Qāẓī, gave them to me as a souvenir, and entrusted my instruction to Mīyān Shaikh Abūl Fatḥ, the son of Shaikh-allahdīyah* of Khairābād, may God be merciful to him, who is now seated on the throne of instruction and guidance in the room of his father; and inasmuch as Mīyān Yaḥya after taking forcible possession of* the country of Kānt* -o-Golah and that district, going by way of Badāon had built a bridge across the Ganges at the township of Ahār,* and had gone towards Ibrāhīm Khān, I accompanied my father, now departed, may he rest in peace, to Amroha,* and was thus separated from that army;* and being introduced to the presence of the late Mīr Saiyyid* Muḥammad Mīr ‘Adl, may God have mercy on him,* with whom he had some hereditary connection, remained some time under his instruction. In short on the day on which Mīyān Yaḥya joined Ibrāhīm Khān, on that very morning Ibrāhīm Khān had drawn up his army and placed Mīyān Yaḥya in the command of the advance guard, while he appointed Hājī Khān to the command of the left division, and Rāi Ḥusain Jilwānī with the Ghilz'ais to the right division. He himself taking the centre drew up in line of battle. On the other side Sikandar Sūr also drew up his forces and came out* from his camp. The right wing of Sikandar's forces (the Panj Bhaiya), carried away the left of Ibrāhīm's army by sheer weight, and after sacking* the camp went on to Āgra and pillaging the city issued a proclama­tion on behalf of Sikandar.*