Marching by forced marches from Sanbal in the year 937 H. (1530 A.D.), with the concurrence of Amīr Khalīfa who was the agent and prime minister* of the Government, ascended the throne. The following chronogram was invented to record the date.

Verse.

Muḥammad Humāyūn Shāh of auspicious fortune
Who is the best of kings by virtue of his merit
The year in which he ascended the kingly|throne
Was distinguished by the words “Khairu-l-Mulūk.”*

Moreover, inasmuch as at the time of his accession he made present of trays filled with gold, another chronogram was invented in the words Kishtī-i-Zar (Tray of gold). After dis­posing of all matters of importance he led an army against the fortress of Kālinjar,* and,* after quelling the insurrection of Sulān ‘Ālam ibn-i-Sulān Sikandar Lodī, who had raised a revolt in Jaunpūr, returned to Āgra and made a great feast, at which entertainment twelve thousand people were distinguished by the bestowal of robes of honour.

Verse.

A king will have the upper hand of his enemies
When his army is happy and contented;
But if he withholds their just reward from his soldiery,
They in turn will withhold their hands from the sword.

In those days,* Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā ibn-i-Badī‘u-z-Zamān Mīrzā* ibn-i-Sulān Ḥusain Mīrzā, who had hostile intentions was captured. Sending him to the fortress of Baiāna, orders were given for his eyes to be put out. The pupil of his eye remained uninjured however, and shortly after, he escaped from prison and fled for refuge to Sulān Bahādur of Gujrāt. It is said that at the time when Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā joined Sulān Bahādur, the latter was engaged in besieging Chitor, and the weather was exceedingly hot. Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā was seized with a pain at the heart,* for the cure of which the physicians declared gulqand (confection of roses)* to be indispensable. Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā begged Sulān Bahādur to send him a piece of this gulqand. He accord­ingly ^345. summoned his sharbatdār (preparer of beverages), and enquir­ed how much gulqand there had been brought with the camp; he replied that there must be more than twenty cart loads. The whole of this he sent to the camp of Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā,* and apologetically explained that this amount had been estimated as the probable requírements of the army, if it were not sufficient he begged to be excused.* It eventually transpired that the juice of the gulqand used to be extracted for his use, and that for this reason there were* so many carts accompanying him. Muḥam-mad Sulān Mīrzā, with his two sons Ulugh Mīrzā and Shāh Mīrzā, proceeded to Qanauj and laid the foundations of revolt, and when the king, now deceased, wrote and despatched to Sulān Bahādur letters summoning Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā, Sulān Bahādur sent back a discourteous reply;* he accordingly determined upon the conquest of Gujrāt. Bahādur, having collected an army to reduce the fortress of Chitor and oppose Rānā Sānkā, engaged him in battle, and besieged him. Tātār Khān Lodī being despatch­ed by him, came and gained possession of the fortress of Baiāna, extending his depredations as far as Āgra; and after a fierce conflict* with Mīrzā Handāl, in which he attacked with three thousand* men, was put to the sword with all his following. While Sulān Bahādur was besieging Chitor for the second time, Muḥammad Humāyūn Pādshāh* moved against him from Āgra; and in this same year Mīrzā Kāmrān, proceeding by forced marches from Lāhor to Qandahār, defeated Sām Mīrzā, the brother of Shāh* Ṭahmāsp, who was besieging Khwāja Kalān Bēg, and* the following hemistich gives the date.

Maulānā Bekasī* also writes the following

Verse.

At that time when the crown and the golden goblet stands in ^346.
sight,
When amid the joy and feasting is seen the form of the
flagon and the chasing of the cup,
I enquired from wisdom, why hast thou cast down in our
midst the gold-scattering crown, like a crimson tulip?
She answered, the heaven, by way of assigning a date to this
encounter, has cast down the golden crown,* in consequence
of the defeat of the army of Sām.

Muḥammad Humāyūn Pādshāh, considering that it would be dis­graceful to go up against Sulān Bahādur and engage his attention while he was engaged in the siege of Chitor,* halted at Sārang-pūr. Sulān Bahādur meanwhile forcibly reduced the fort of Chitor, after which he engaged in war with Pādshāh (Humāyūn) for a space of two months in the neighbourhood of Mandsūr, a dependency of Mālwa, but owing to the fact that no supplies of grain could reach the camp of Bahādur, man and beast died from starvation, and* Bahādur with five of his most trusty Amīrs left the royal tent by the rear door and fled towards Mandsūr.* The following verse commemorates the date of this event:—

Humāyūn Shah-i-Ghāzī, who has thousands of slaves in his
palace like Jamshīd,
When he came victorious towards Gujrāt, returned in triumph,
the glory of the sons of Tīmūr.
Since Bahādur fell humbled and abject,
The date thereof was “The disgrace of Bahādur.”*

Muḥammad Humāyūn Pādshāh pursued him, and the Mughūl soldiers came upon Bahādur one night while he was asleep,* and were near taking him prisoner, but he made his escape with five or six horsemen towards Gujrāt. Sulān ‘Ālam Lodī, however, fell into their hands and they cut off his feet. The army of Humāyūn Pādshāh pursued Bahādur by rapid marches and laid waste Aḥmadābād. Bahādur leaving Aḥmadābād went to Kanbhāyat,* ^347. and from there to the port of Dīp,* and at that time the fortress of Jānpānīr* was also taken after a battle by the Pādshāh, and treasure beyond computation fell into his hands.

The year in which this happened may be learned from the following verse:—

Wisdom sought for the date of the victory of Shāh Humāyūn
and discovered this,
“It was the ninth of the month of Ṣafar.”*