Ḫwāfī Ḫān / Hafi Ḫān Niẓām-al-Mulki

Historian

Muḥammad Hāšim ʿAlī Ḫān was the son of servant to Šāh Jahān’s youngest son and spent much of his life in the service of the Mughal court, from the time of Awrangzīb (Awrangzīb (ʿĀlamgīr I)) to that of Muḥammad Šāh. Due to this close association, he was able to witness firsthand some of the major events of the later Mughal period. Ḫwāfī Ḫān is the author of a history of the Mughals entitled Muntaḫab al-Lubāb.