THE PEACE OF FADAK.

When his holy and prophetic lordship—u. w. b.—arrived near Khayber he despatched Makhyssah B. Masu’d to Fadak, which was one of the outermost forts of Khayber, to invite its garrison to surrender, and if they refused to do so to threaten them [with annihilation]. Makhyssah executed the order, and the people replied: ‘A’mer, Yâser, Hâreth, and Sind, the Jews, are stationed in Natzârah with ten thousand combatants, and we think Muhammad will not be able to cope with them.’ When Makhyssah per­ceived that the people of Fadak were not inclined for peace, he desired to return after a stay of two days. The Jews, however, said: ‘Remain till we consult our chiefs and send a number of them with thee to Muhammad, that the carpet of pacification may be spread out, and the founda­tions of tranquillity may be laid.’ Meanwhile, however, those people heard how the garrison of Naa’m had been slain, and they were so frightened thereby that they said to Makhyssah: ‘Keep secret whatever we have told thee about the inhabitants of Khayber and Muhammad, and we shall give thee all the trinkets of our women.’ After he had complied with their request they sent one of their chiefs, called Nûn B. Yusha’, with a number of Jews, to his prophetic lordship to negotiate for peace, which was, according to some, concluded on the understanding that their lives would be spared, but their property confiscated. The majority of biographers have, however, recorded in their writings that peace was granted them after a long parley on condition of surrendering one half of their lands to the apostle of God and keeping the other for themselves. This is the reason why O’mar B. Alkhattâb ordered them to emigrate when he became Khalifah, and sent arbitrators to Fadak to estimate the value of one half of the lands belonging to the inhabitants thereof, and afterwards paid five thousand dirhems for them from the public treasury. In the Mostaqadza it is, however, recorded that according to some traditions the lord of prophecy—u. w. b.—despatched A’li the Commander of the Faithful—u. w. b.—to Fadak, and the latter concluded peace on condition that the lives of the inhabitants were spared, but that all their property was confiscated for the apostle of God. After that Jebrâil descended, and said: ‘God the Most High orders thee to give thy relatives their due.’ The apostle of God asked: ‘Who are my relatives, and what is their due?’ Jebrâil continued: ‘Fattimah [and her offspring are thy relatives]. Give her the possessions of Fadak; and what­ever in Fadak belongs to God and the prophet give that also to her.’ Accordingly the prophet—u. w. b.—called Fattimah—u. w. b.—and wrote for her a deed to that effect. After the decease of the apostle of God she went to Abu Bakr, and said: ‘This is the document of the apostle of God, which was written for me [and my sons], Hasan and Hosayn.