CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
DYNASTY OF THE HOUSE OF TEIMOOR.
BABUR PADSHAH.
Babur's origin — his pretensions to succeed to his father's dominions opposed by his uncles. Babur occupies Furghana. Peace concluded with his uncles. He takes Samarkand. His troops mutiny, and sup­port the claims of his brother Jehangeer in Indijan. Babur is reconciled to Jehangeer. Sheebany Khan Oozbuk takes Samarkand, but is eventually expelled from it by Babur — he continues the war with Sheebany Khan, but is defeated, and driven from Trausoxania. Babur occupies Kabul, and establishes himself in that kingdom — he conquers Seewustan. The King of Persia unites with Babur in an attack on Sheebany Khan, who is slain. Babur recovers Samarkand, but is eventually compelled to quit it for ever — projects the invasion of India, on the invitation of Dowlut Khan Lody. Babur sends an army with Alla-ood-Deen Lody. Alla-ood-Deen unsuccessful. Ba-bur invades India, and defeats Ibrahim Lody, who is killed. Babur ascends the throne of Dehly. Difficulties occur in securing the con­quest. Confederacy of the Indians, both Mahomedans and Hindoos, to expel Babur. The confederates are defeated. Babur falls sick — his death Page 1
HOOMAYOON PADSHAH.
(HIS FIRST REIGN.)
Hoomayoon ascends the throne — his brother Kamran, governor of Kabul, disputes his right to supremacy. The government of Sumbhul is conferred on his brother Askurry, and that of Mewat on his brother Hindal. Mahomed Zuman Mirza goes into rebellion, and is pro­tected by Bahadur Shah of Guzerat, who also affords aid to Alla-ood-Deen Lody, a pretender to the throne. War with Bahadur Shah. Guzerat occupied by Hoomayoon, and the government con­ferred on Askurry Mirza. Bahadur Shah expels Askurry — recovers his kingdom. Sheer Khan Soor attacks the Mogul officers in the Dooab, and to the east of the Ganges. Mahomed Sooltan Mirza in arms at Kunowj. War with Sheer Khan in Bengal. Hindal pro­claims himself king in Agra, and proceeds to besiege Dehly. Kam-ran seizes on Lahore, and marches to Dehly. Kamran and Hindal unite at Dehly — they march to Agra. Hoomayoon returns from Bengal — becomes reconciled to his brothers — they unite against the power of Sheer Khan, who assumes the title of Shah. The Moguls defeated, and expelled from India. Hoomayoon, and his brothers, fly to Lahore, and eventually to Sind. Hoomayoon's ad­ventures — is deserted by his brothers, who establish themselves in Kabul. Hoomayoon retires to Kabul — his narrow escape, and flight to Persia — his infant son Akbur falls a prisoner into the hands of his uncle Kamran Page 70
The Seventh Dynasty of the Kings of Dehly, and Second of the Race of Afghans. 97a
SHEER SHAH SOOR:
His origin. Sahsaram and Tanda conferred on his father Hussun Khan Soor. Hussun Khan dies. Sheer Khan's brothers dispute his title to succeed to the estate. The contests with his brothers eventually end in his favour. The widow of the King of Joonpoor appoints Sheer Khan minister, and on her death he usurps the government — is attacked by the King of Bengal, whom he defeats. Mahomed Shah Lody occupies Bengal. Sheer Khan consents to acknowledge his title to the throne of Dehly. Hoomayoon makes war with the pretender, who is defeated, and Sheer Khan compelled to fly into the hills — he returns, and takes the fort of Rohtas by stratagem — gains strength, and attacks Hoomayoon, who is defeated, and retreats to Agra. Sheer Khan assumes the title of Shah, or King — expels the Moguls from India, and ascends the throne of Dehly — conquers Malwa — takes Runtunbhore and Nagore — returns to Agra — besieges Kalunjur — is wounded by the bursting of a shell, and dies. Description of Sheer Shah's government, and the improvements in the country made by that prince 98
SULIM SHAH SOOR.
Julal Khan, the second son of Sheer Shah, is raised to the throne by his nobles, and assumes the title of Sulim. Adil Khan, the King's elder brother, comes to Agra, and abjures his birth-right — he quits the court — goes into revolt — is defeated, and flies to Bengal, after which he is never heard of. Insurrection at Lahore suppressed by the King in person. The governor of Malwa revolts, but is expelled. Kamran Mirza, the brother of Hoomayoon, flies from Kabul to Sulim Shah's court — he quits the court again, and returns to Kabul. Sulim Shah dies — the character of his government. The King's brother-in-law murders the King's only son, and ascends the throne 126
MAHOMED SHAH SOOR ADILY.
Moobariz assumes the title of Mahomed Shah — some account of his vices and character. Hemoo, a Hindoo retail shopkeeper, is raised to the office of minister. Disaffection prevails at court. Taj Khan Kirrany quits the court, and raises an army. Ibrahim Khan Soor also raises troops, and assumes the title of king. Mahomed Soor marches to attack Ibrahim — consents to divide the kingdom, and quits Dehly. Ahmud Khan, a nephew of Sheer Shah, disputes the right of both kings, and assumes the title of Sikundur Shah, Page 143
SIKUNDUR SHAH SOOR
Requires the Afghans to elect a King — they create him their sovereign — he marches to oppose Hoomayoon, now on his way to India. Sikundur Shah is defeated by Beiram Khan Toorkoman, and retires to Bengal, where he establishes his power 152
HOOMAYOON PADSHAH.
(HIS SECOND REIGN.)
Hoomayoon is favourably received at the court of Persia — is supplied with an army to recover his dominions — takes Khorasan. Over­tures for a reconciliation with Kamran at Kabul rejected. Kandahar defended by Askurry, but is taken. Askurry is pardoned. Kandahar made over to Beiram Khan Toorkoman. Hoomayoon is joined by his brother Hindal, and by his cousin Yadgar Mirza — besieges Kabul. Kamran evacuates Kabul, and flies. Yadgar Mirza suffers death. Hoomayoon proceeds to take Budukhshan. Kabul re-occu­pied by Kamran — retaken by Hoomayoon. Kamran takes the field, and is defeated by Hoomayoon. The brothers are reconciled. Hoomayoon is expelled from Budukhshan and Bulkh by the Ooz-buks. Kamran and Askurry go into rebellion — they are defeated. Kamran flies to India — is seized by the Gukkurs in Punjab, and delivered over to Hoomayoon — is deprived of sight, and retires to Mecca. Hoomayoon invades India — his general, Beiram Khan Toorkoman, defeats Sikundur Shah Soor, and advances to Dehly. A second battle, in which Sikundur Shah is defeated, and flies to Bengal. Hoomayoon in full possession of the kingdom of Dehly — falls from the terrace of his palace, and is killed 154
AKBUR PADSHAH.
Akbur ascends the throne at the age of twelve years. Beiram Khan Toorkoman minister. Distribution of the provinces. Hemoo, the minister of Mahomed Shah Adily, advances to Dehly — defeats Ally Khan Seestany — takes Agra — defeats Tardy Beg Khan — takes Dehly. The Moguls driven across the Sutlooj — they concentrate at Lahore. Beiram Khan is appointed protector. The Mogul chiefs propose to quit India, and retire to Kabul. Beiram Khan opposes the measure. The Indian chief Hemoo ascends the throne of Dehly, and marches to expel the Moguls. Battle of Paniput fatal to the Indians. Beiram Khan excites the King's jealousy — is re­moved from his office — goes into rebellion — is seized and pardoned — retires to Mecca, but is murdered on the road. Malwa recovered out of the hands of Baz Bahadur. Sheer Khan, the son of Sikundur Shah Soor, marches with an army from Bengal to support his title to the throne of Dehly — is defeated. An attempt to assassinate Akbur fails. Rebellion of Asuf Khan Hirvy and Khan Zeman Oozbuk in the Dooab. Kabul taken by Sooliman Mirza of Budukhshan. Revolt of the King's brother Mahomed Hukeem. Khan Zuman taken, and suffers death. Mahomed Hukeem returns, and recovers Kabul. Chittoor taken by Akbur. Runtunbhore taken. War in Guzerat. Guzerat occupied by Akbur. Revolt in the direction of Bengal suppressed, and Dawood Kirany expelled. Dawood Kirany recovers Bengal — is again subdued, and suffers death. Mahomed Hukeem Mirza revolts a second time, and enters the Punjab — is repulsed by the King in person, and is pardoned. Guzerat recovered out of the hands of Akbur's officers. War in Bengal. The Afghans cut off the communication between India and Kabul. Great exertions of Akbur in all quarters. A Hindoo chief appointed governor of Kabul. Akbur holds his court at Lahore. Moozuffur Shah, the King of Guzerat, is taken, and puts an end to himself. Akbur sends his son Moorad Mirza to Guzerat, and thence to the Deccan. Kandeish occupied. Ahmudnuggur besieged. Berar occupied. Battle of Soopa, between the Moguls and Deccanies. Akbur besieges Asseer. Daniel Mirza espouses a daughter of the King of Beejapoor — is appointed governor of Kandeish — dies. Akbur's grief produces illness, of which he dies — his character — nature of his govern­ment Page 181
CHAPTER III.
OF THE KINGS OF THE DECCAN.
Dynasty of the Kings of the Deccan, Entitled Bahmuny. 282a
SECTION I.
THE DYNASTY OF THE KINGS OF KOOLBURGA, DENOMINATED BAHMUNY.
ALLA-OOD-DEEN HUSSUN SHAH GUNGOO BAHMUNY:
His origin. State of the Mahomedan power in the Deccan. Mahomed Toghluk, King of Dehly, suspects the foreign officers stationed in the Deccan of an intention to revolt — takes steps to procure their being sent to his camp. The officers concert measures with the Hindoo princes of the Deccan to revolt — they obtain possession of Dowlutabad. The King of Dehly arrives, and attacks the con­federates, but is induced to quit the Deccan to suppress an insurrec­tion in Guzerat. The Deccan chiefs establish their independence — they raise Ismael to the throne. Zuffur Khan, the principal Deccany partisan, takes Kand'har and Bidur from the Dehly officers in charge, and reaches Dowlutabad. Ismael abdicates the throne in favour of Zuffur Khan, who assumes the title and appellation of Alla-ood-Deen Hussun Gungoo Bahmuny. He creates Seif-ood-Deen Ghoory minister, and makes Koolburga his capital. The ex-King Ismael attempts to recover his power — he is seized, tried, and executed, but his estates and titles are conferred on his son. Hussun Gungoo divides the Deccan into four departments:—
1st department, Dabul, Koolburga, Rachore, and Moodkul.
2d department, Choul, Joonere, Dowlutabad, and Peitun.
3d department, Mahoor, Ramgir, and the valley of Berar.
4th department, Bidur, Kowlas, and Indore.
The King's health declines — he dies Page 283
MAHOMED SHAH BAHMUNY I.
The splendour of the court described. The King coins money of a square form. The Hindoos refuse to circulate it, and they melt it down. Several Hindoos suffer death. The Rajas of Beejanuggur and Wurungole provoke a war with Mahomed Shah. The Hindoos are defeated. The King proceeds to Velumputtun — his cruel treatment of the Raja. The King's army nearly cut off in his retreat, and he is himself wounded. The Raja of Wurungole cedes Golconda, and peace is concluded; on which occasion the Raja presents the King with the celebrated Tukht Feroza, or azure throne. The King, in a fit of debauchery, gives to a band of musicians an order for a large sum of money on the treasury of the Raja of Beejanuggur. War ensues. Moodkul taken by the Raja, and the whole of the garrison is put to the sword. Mahomed makes a vow to slay one hundred thousand Hindoos. The Hindoos defeated, and seventy thousand slain in the first action. The Raja is besieged in his capital. The musicians are paid by the Raja. Peace concluded. Revolt by Beiram Khan at Dowlutabad. Is defeated at Peitun, and eventually retreats to Guzerat. Description of the civil government of Mahomed Shah I. His death 298
MUJAHID SHAD BAHMUNY:
His personal prowess — anecdotes of his youth — military negotiations with the Raja of Beejanuggur — takes the field — kills a tiger with a single arrow — arrives at Beejanuggur. The Hindoos fly before the Moslem troops. The King pursues them through woods to the sea­coast. The Hindoo Raja returns to Beejanuggur — is closely pur­sued by the Mahomedans. The King enters the streets of the town, but is warmly opposed by the Hindoos. Single combat of the King with a Hindoo, whom he slays. A general action, after which the Moslems withdraw. Peace concluded. The King returns towards Koolburga — is cut off by his uncle Dawood Khan 328
DAWOOD SHAH BAHMUNY.
Disaffection prevails among the military chiefs — some withdraw with their divisions to their governments. Mullik Seif-ood-Deen endea-vours to reconcile the people to receive Dawood Shah. Seif-ood-Deen is permitted to withdraw from public life. The late King's sister refuses to be reconciled to her uncle Dawood Shah, and even­tually procures him to be assassinated in the mosque at prayers 342
MAHMOOD SHAH BAHMUNY I.
Spirited conduct of the Princess Roohpurwur Agha — causes Mahomed Sunjur, the son of the late Dawood Shah, to be blinded, and raises Mahmood, the youngest son of Hussun Gungoo, to the throne. Mullik Seif-ood-Deen resumes his office of minister. The King is congratulated by the Raja of Beejanuggur — encourages literature — invites the celebrated poet Hafiz, from Persia, to his court — the cause of his not coming. Hafiz's ode on the occasion. Improve­ments in the civil department of the King's government. Insurrec­tion in Sagur — is put down by Yoosoof Toork. The King's death Page 345
GHEIAS-OOD-DEEN SHAH BAHMUNY.
Gheias-ood-Deen ascends his father's throne — gives offence to Lall-cheen, one of the slaves of his household — becomes enamoured of his daughter — is invited to an entertainment at Lallcheen's house — has his eyes pierced out — is dethroned, and is confined in the fort of Sagur 353
SHUMS-OOD-DEEN SHAH BAHMUNY
Is elevated to the throne of his brother by Lallcheen. Plot of his cousins, Feroze Khan and Ahmud Khan, against his government — they fly to Sagur, and collect troops — march to the capital, and are repulsed — retire to Sagur — make overtures, and are pardoned — are received at court. The brothers obtain partisans at the capital — they seize the King, and deprive him of sight. Lallcheen is taken, and given over to Gheias-ood-Deen, who, though blind, puts him to death with his own hands 356
FEROZE SHAH BAHMUNY.
The character of Feroze. Feiz Oolla Anjoo created minister. The southern provinces invaded by Dew Ray, Raja of Beejanuggur. Berar invaded by Nursing Ray of Kehrla. The King marches to the south, and compels the Raja of Beejanuggur to pay him 440,000l. for the expense of the war. The King marches north to Berar. The Raja of Kehrla defeated. The King deputes an embassy to Teimoor (Tamerlane), who confers on Feroze the sovereignty over Malwa and Guzerat. Secret negotiations by the Kings of Malwa and Guzerat at the court of Beejanuggur. War renewed with Bee-januggur. Beejanuggur invested. The country ravaged by the Mahomedans. Bunkapoor reduced. The Raja gives his daughter to Feroze, and makes peace. Feroze takes Pangul. War renewed. The subversion of the Mahomedan kingdom is threatened. The Hindoos are eventually defeated by the King's brother Ahmud. Feroze's intellect becomes impaired — his imbecile conduct. The King's brother Ahmud aims at possessing the throne — his endea-vours to effect that object, and his eventual success. Death of Feroze Shah Bahmuny 363
AHMUD SHAH WULLY BAHMUNY.
Ahmud Shah retains his predecessor's ministers — assigns to the late King's son a palace for his residence — collects an army of observ­ation on his northern frontier, and marches south against Dew Ray, Raja of Beejanuggur. The Raja of Wurungole makes common cause with Dew Ray, but subsequently withdraws his army. Dew Ray attacked by surprise — is taken prisoner, but effects his escape. Ahmud Shah lays waste the territory of Beejanuggur. A band of Hindoos vow to assassinate him — he is surrounded, and narrowly escapes with his life. Grievous famine in the Deccan. The King takes Wurungole, and slays the Raja. A diamond mine discovered at Kullum. The King of Malwa attacks the Raja of Kehrla, who applies for aid to Ahmud Shah Bahmuny. War with the King of Malwa, in which the latter is defeated. Peace concluded. The King of Malwa renews the attack on Kehrla — the Raja is killed in action. War renewed by Ahmud Shah. Peace mediated by the Ruler of Kandeish. The King dies Page 397
ALLA-OOD-DEEN SHAH BAHMUNY II.
The King's brother, the Prince Mahomed, is sent with an army to demand the Beejanuggur tribute. The Prince proposes to the King's ministers in his camp to assist him in declaring his independence — they remonstrate, and are assassinated. The Raja of Beejanuggur aidsthe Prince, who takes Moodkul, Rachore, Beejapoor, Nuldroog, and Sholapoor. The Prince is defeated, and compelled to accept of Rachore as an equivalent for the territory he has usurped. The Concan invaded, and partially reduced. Revolt in Berar, which is suppressed by Mullik-oot-Toojar with an army composed chiefly of foreign troops. The foreigners are directed to take precedence of the Deccanies at court. The Raja of Beejanuggur enlists Mahomedan soldiers in his army — makes war with the King of the Deccan. Three severe actions fought. Peace effected. Mullik-oot-Toojar proceeds to conquer the Concan — his army is destroyed, and he himself dies. Animosity of the Deccany officers against the foreigners. The King's indifference to public business — is afflicted with a painful disease — rumours of his death. Insurrections in Berar and Tulin-gana. Invasion by the King of Malwa. Military arrangements for the defence of the kingdom. The King dies — his character 421
HOOMAYOON SHAH ZALIM BAHMUNY.
The Prince Hussun, the King's youngest son, is raised to the throne by the ministers, and an attempt made to seize Hoomayoon. The plot is frustrated. The young Prince is deposed, and Hoomayoon assumes the crown. The contrivers of the plot are punished. The Prince is deprived of his eye-sight. Khawaja Mahmood Gawan is created minister. Changes in the government. Sikundur Khan of Nowl-goond goes into rebellion — is killed in action. Attack on the fort of Dewurconda. The Hindoos procure reinforcements. The King's troops defeated. The King causes his general to suffer death, and the second in command to be disgraced. Fresh efforts to reduce Dewurconda interrupted by news of the escape of the King's brother — his rebellion — is taken at Beejapoor. The King's cruelty to him, and all persons connected with him. Exercises the greatest brutality towards his subjects — falls sick, and dies Page 452
NIZAM SHAH BAHMUNY.
The Queen-mother, Khwaja Jehan, and Mahmood Gawan, form a re­gency during the King's minority. The kingdom attacked by the rajas of Tulingana and Orissa, who are compelled to retreat. Sooltan Mahmood of Malwa invades the Deccan. The Deccan army de­feated. The King retires to Bidur. The Malwa army advances. The King retires to Ferozabad. The city of Bidur occupied by the King of Malwa. The King of Guzerat marches to assist the Dec-canies. The King of Malwa retreats — his army suffers severely — he is compelled to abandon his heavy baggage — retires through the hills of Gondwana — his troops endure the greatest distress. The Guzerat army retires. Second invasion by the King of Malwa. Ad­vance of the army of Guzerat. The King of Malwa retires. Sudden death of the young King of the Deccan 465
MAHOMED SHAH BAHMUNY II.
Accession of Mahomed Shah, the son of Hoomayoon the Cruel. The Deccan army takes Kehrla from the King of Malwa. Kehrla restored, and peace concluded. Khwaja Mahmood Gawan invades the Concan — takes Kehlna and Ramgur — ascends the table land, and passes the monsoon at Kolapoor — returns to the Concan — takes Goa — leaves Kishwur Khan in charge of the new conquests, and proceeds to the capital. Honourable reception of Khwaja Mahmood Gawan. The King takes the field — reduces Rajmundry and Condapilly in Tulin-gana. Nizam-ool-Moolk Bheiry appointed governor of Tulingana — Yoosoof Adil Khan governor of Dowlutabad — Duria Imad-ool-Moolk governor of Berar. The King marches to the westward, and reduces Belgam. Severe famine and drought in the Deccan. Revolt in Tulingana. The King marches to suppress it — he proceeds to Orissa — returns to the south, and plunders Conjeveram. Plot against the minister Khwaja Mahmood Gawan. The King is imposed on by a forgery. Khwaja Mahmood executed — character of the minister. The King discovers his error, and repents — his nobles desert the camp. The King falls sick of a fever — becomes con­valescent — indulges in wine, which brings on a relapse, and he dies 477
MAHMOOD SHAH BAHMUNY II.
The minister strengthens the Deccany party in the government. Yoo-soof Adil Khan takes the lead of the foreigners. A fray takes place between both parties. A compromise ensues, and the foreigners quit the capital. The minister and Kasim Bereed usurp the power of the state. The King authorises their being assassinated — the attempt is made in the palace, but fails. The minister becomes unpopular, and a second attempt to kill him succeeds. The King abandons himself to wine and dissipation — converts the azure throne into drinking goblets and vases. Kasim Bereed assumes the reins of government. An attempt is made to murder the King, which is defeated by a few foreigners alone. The King proceeds to the west­ward with Kasim Bereed to reduce Bahadur Geelany, who revolts in the Concan. Bahadur Geelany killed. The King returns to Bidur. Plot to assassinate the minister fails. The minister dies — is suc­ceeded by his son Ameer Bereed, to whom the King becomes recon­ciled. Death of Mahmood Shah Page 519
AHMUD SHAH BAHMUNY II.
Mahmood the Second is succeeded by his son Ahmud Shah the Second. Ameer Bereed has the entire control of the government in his hands, and the King is reduced to be a mere pensioner — sells the crown jewels for his maintenance. The minister Ameer Bereed puts many people to death for being concerned in the transaction. The pur­chasers make their escape to Beejanuggur. The King dies 553
ALLA-OOD-DEEN SHAH BAHMUNY II.
Ameer Bereed determines on elevating Alla-ood-Deen Bahmuny to the throne. The King abstains from the licentious habits of his prede­cessors, and attends to business — contrives a plot to seize the minister. The project discovered — the abettors put to death. The King deposed, and murdered in prison 555
WULLY OOLLA SHAH BAHMUNY.
Wully Oolla Shah, the son of Mahmood Shah the Second, raised to the throne. The minister conceives a passion for the Queen — poisons the King, and marries his widow 557
KULLEEM OOLLA SHAH BAHMUNY
Is raised to the nominal dignity of King, but is kept a state prisoner in the capital. Deputes one of his companions, in disguise, to Babur, who had then invaded India. Ameer Bereed hears of this mission — ren­ders the King's confinement more rigid. The King escapes, and seeks protection with Ismael Adil Shah, his mother's brother. Dissatisfied with his reception, he retires to the court of Ahmudnuggur, where he remains till his death. Dissolution of the Bahmuny dynasty 558
A Comparative View of the Chronological Events of Europe and those connected with the Mahomedan Power in Upper India, Denominated Hindoostan. 561