CHAPTER VII.
 
RE-CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE JAWÁMI‘U’L-ḤIKÁYÁT
(pp. 263-270).
 
AN ACCOUNT OF THE RE-CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE JAWÁMI‘U’L-ḤIKÁYÁT.

The original plan of the author, of dividing the whole work into four parts and subdividing each into 25 chapters, is accurately indicated in the Comparative Index of the 100 chapters; but the difficulty arises in the arrangement of anecdotes, which in the original scheme of the author is very unsatisfactory. The author’s only concern was, as appears from the general survey of the chapters, to illustrate each chapter with the anecdotes of various personalities, periods, subjects, which are more or less loosely connected with the chapter-heading. There are indications that the author himself realised the inconsistency of his own arrangement, although he has taken care to begin each chapter with a short introduction on the subject and close it with a panegyric, which serves as a garland for his patron. There being no definite aim to exhaust the available material on a chosen subject or to illustrate its various aspects systematically, but only to incorporate detached accounts and stray anecdotes in this encyclopaedic collection, the need for a systematic re-classification arises.

In the accompanying index an attempt is made to indicate briefly the actual nature of the anecdotes analysed in the complete Table of Contents, to bring together anecdotes illustrating a particular subject, and to afford an opportunity of surveying the existing material on a particular subject, scattered over the 2113 units of this collection. This re-classification is a horizontal division as compared with that of the author, and will perhaps serve as a tentative historical, though not chronologically arranged, subject-index to the whole work. The contents of the hundred chapters are comprised in ten main categories, which are further divided into tangible units. The first six categories precisely indicate the historical material which is classified and elucidated. The seventh category is very general, and as most of the anecdotes in the section of Ethics are historical, they are recorded in their proper places in sections V and VI. The remaining categories show at a glance the principal topics of discussion and the number of anecdotes relating to each topic.

In the words of Dr. R. A. Nicholson, the present writer “has made a systematic analysis and classification of the contents of the above book (Jawámi‘u’l-Ḥikáyát), thus enabling students for the first time not only to see exactly what is there, but also readily to find any subject in which they may be interested”.

 
 
RE-CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE JAWÁMI‘U’L-ḤIKÁYÁT.
 
I. Legendary and semi-historical accounts.
1. Ancient Persian Kings, according to the National Epic. Pt. I, ch. iv.
a. The Píshdádiyán: Gayúmarth to Ṭahmásp, anecs. 119—135.
b. The Kayániyán: Kay-Qubád to Dárá, son of Dáráb, 136—152.
c. The Ashkániyán (or Parthians): Greek Invasion under Alexander to the overthrow of the Parthians, 153—156.
d. The Sásániyán: Ardashír-i-Bábakán to Yazdigird III, 157—193. (i. e. 226 A. D.—652 A.D.).
Mostly based on ath-Tha‘álibí’s Ghurar-wa-Siyar.
2. Ancient Kings of Rúm: Pt. I, iv. 194 and 195.
 
II. Traditional and historical accounts.
Pre-Islamic conditions, the Ancient Prophets, and the Prophet. Pt. I, chs. i and ii, anecs. 1—78. Early Muslim Conquests. Pt. I, ch. xii. 647—674.
(Chiefly based on the Holy Tradition and the Accounts of the Wars).
 
III. History.
2. The Caliphs. Pt. I, ch. v.
a. Orthodox Caliphs: 632—661 A. D. anecs. 196—234.
b. Umayyads: 661—750 A. D. anecs, 235—280.
c. ‘Abbásids (36 only): 750—1242 A. D. anecs. 281—362.
(Accounts of the Caliphs based on aṭ-Ṭabarí’s History; two memoriae technicae: (1) of the 36 ‘Abbásids from as-Saffáḥ to al-Mustanṣir, by the author, (2) of the 9 Sámánids by the poet ‘Unṣurí; at the end of this chapter a contemporary account of the Caliphs and their relations with the rulers of India, e. g., Iltutmish).
 
IV. Accounts of special families and dynasties.
1. The Barmecides. 752—804 A. D.
There are nearly 43 anecdotes of the Barmecides, from the first accredited appearance of Barmak in the court of ‘Abdu’l-Malik to the last order of Hárún for the exter­mination of the Barmecides; but these are spread over the hundred chapters.
Pt. I, anecs. 295; 301; 302; 303; 304; 422; 495; 506; 566; 570; 571; 606; 743; 763; 770; 783; 784; 785; 1021; 1044; 1094; 1159.
Pt. II, anecs. 1291; 1341; 1347; 1411; 1420; 1503; 1535.
Pt. III, anecs. 1559; 1615; 1616; 1651; 1694; 1727; 1757; 1781.
Pt. IV, anecs. 1799; 1811; 1843; 1902; 1917; 2003.
2. The Ṭáhirids. 820—872 A. D.
There are nearly 34 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 312; 412; 413; 434; 441; 463; 620; 640; 709; 881; 927; 987; 1007; 1097.
Pt. II, anecs. 1288; 1346; 1385; 1387; 1417; 1428; 1435; 1436; 1437; 1443; 1515.
Pt. III, anecs. 1613; 1614; 1667; 1713.
Pt. IV, anecs. 1810; 1845; 1852; 1856; 1887.
3. The Ṣaffárids. 868—903 A. D.
There are nearly 37 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 99; 331; 517; 561; 562; 630; 631; 633; 699; 700; 701; 710; 711; 712; 713; 714; 715; 716; 717; 718; 719; 720; 721; 1103,
Pt. II, anecs. 1281; 1283; 1434; 1448; 1452.
Pt. III, anecs. 1566; 1629; 1652; 1654; 1655; 1677; 1687; 1716.
Pt. IV,   Nil.
4. The Sámánids. 874—999 A. D.
There are nearly 29 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 348; 383; 425; 430; 442; 500; 550; 559; 610; 621; 630; 787; 905; 917; 1004.
Pt. II, anecs. 1195; 1305; 1313; 1342; 1426; 1434; 1447; 1450; 1534.
Pt. III, anecs. 1544; 1554; 1658; 1677; 1716.
Pt. IV.   Nil.
5. The Ziyárids. 928—1042 A. D.
There are only 6 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 635; 695; 736; 741.
Pt. II, anec. 1423.
Pt. III, anec. 1617.
Pt. IV.   Nil.
6. The Ílak Kháns of Máwará’u’n-Nahr (who ruled in Samarqand).
There are about 15 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 391; 443; 508; 509; 551; 552; 962; 998; 1137; 1138.
Pt. II, anec. 1539.
Pt. III, anec. 1649.
Pt. IV, anecs. 1973; 1974; 2008.
(These are of great value, because the history of these Kháns is very meagrely recorded, and even their chronology is very uncertain. Some of these anecdotes have been utilised by Prof. W. Barthold in his “Turkistan”). See above, p. 31.
7. The Buwayhids. 932—1055 A. D.
There are nearly 22 anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 344; 345; 346; 347; 382; 499; 675; 736; 737; 738; 740; 741; 787; 1027; 1028; 1029; 1039; 1040.
Pt. II, anecs. 1299; 1379.
Pt. III, anec. 1745.
Pt. IV, anec. 1918.
(A. f115b, Pt. I, ch. v, anec. 345 is taken from the Ta’ríkh-i-Tájí).
(A. f196a, Pt. I, ch. xiv, anec. 787 is important, as it shows the early relations of the Sámánids with the Buwayhíds and brings in important personalities like the Ṣáḥib Ismá‘íl b. ‘Abbád and Abu’l-Ḥasan b. ‘Ísá, the famous Wazírs of both the dynasties).
8. The Ghaznawids. 962—1186 A. D.
There are nearly 81 anecdotes about this dynasty. Some of them are taken from the Ta’ríkh-i-Náṣirí of Abu’l-Fadhl al-Bayhaqí, relating to the latter portion of the work, which is supposed to be lost; while others are borrowed from the Yamíní of al-‘Utbí. Another work, the Dastúru’l-Wuzará’, is also mentioned as a source. The history of this dynasty is well represented in the Jawámi‘ as is evident from the number of anecdotes.
Pt. I, anecs. 349; 353; 385; 388; 398; 405; 406; 407; 409; 415; 419; 493; 494; 520; 522; 544; 549, 611; 612; 622; 627; 629; 632; 634; 639; 702; 704; 729; 730; 732; 733; 759; 782; 799; 895; 912; 982; 996; 997; 998; 1016; 1017; 1066; 1069; 1070; 1072; 1124; 1125; 1172; 1175; 1176.
Pt. II, anecs. 1200; 1230; 1286; 1289; 1319; 1325; 1327; 1344; 1418; 1421; 1441; 1472; 1488; 1525; 1526; 1536; 1539.
Pt. III, anecs. 1648; 1675; 1684; 1696; 1706; 1719; 1728; 1735; 1745.
Pt. IV, anecs. 1802; 1996; 2002; 2073.
9. The Great Saljúqs. 1037—1157 A. D.
There are nearly 23 anecdotes, but the sources are not acknowledged. Some of these can profitably be added to the information already existing about this dynasty in the accounts of al-Bundárí, ar-Ráwandí and the Niẓámu’l-Mulk respectively.
Pt. I, anecs. 350; 352; 354; 393; 396; 521; 558; 744; 745; 746; 759; 775; 954; 991; 1003; 1018; 1019.
Pt. II, anecs. 1204; 1364; 1427; 1538.
Pt. III, anec. 1626;
Pt. IV, anec. 1944.
10. The Atábaks. 489; 908.
11. The Sháhs of Khwárazm: Pt. I, 553; 554; 555; 727; 728; Pt. IV, 1792.
12. The Ghúrids. Pt. I, 360; 400; 492; 726; 727; 728; 729.
(Nos. 10, 11, 12 in this division are not properly represented, and of the very few anecdotes which illustrate the history of these dynasties some are not easily identi­fiable. No. 10 concerning the Atábaks contains only two anecdotes. One of these (I, ix, 489) relates to Atábak-i-Zangí, but it is not clear whether ‘Imádu’d-Dín Zangí of Aleppo is meant or Núru’d-Dín Zangí of Syria or ‘Imádu’d-Dín Zangí of Sinjár; and the other is that of Atábak Dakla (?). In No. 11 there are only six anecdotes: Pt. I, 553—555 about Tukush b. Íl Arslán Khwárazmsháh, one of which (555) is also given in the Lubáb, Pt. I, pp. 40—1; and 727 and 728 about ‘Alá’u’d-Dín Muḥammad Khwárazmsháh. No. 12 consists of the earliest accounts of the rulers of Ghúr, e. g. Mu‘izzu’d-Dín, Ghiyáthu’d-Dín Muḥammad b. Sám, the Ghúrid brothers.
13. The Sultans of Dihlí. Pt. I, 362; 490; 492.
There are very few anecdotes of contemporary interest. al-‘Awfí could have given us valuable information on his own period, but he is silent. One anecdote of Quṭbu’d-Dín Aybak (602—607 A. D.) Pt. I, ch. ix, 490, and two or three anecdotes of Iltutmish are recorded incidentally, e. g., Pt. III, ch. xviii, Anecs. 1720, 1729.
14. Tales of Indian origin, about various Hindú rulers.
Pt. I, anecs. 175; 176; 366; 373; 374; 376; 380; 397; 628; 629; 693; 731; 753; 779; 1025.